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Lecture8 CLH Class

Here are the steps to solve this problem: 1) Use the grating equation: d(sinα + sinβ) = mλ 2) Given: d = 600 grooves/mm, θi = 10°, m = 1 (first order) 3) Plug in λ = 500 nm: 600(sin10° + sinβ) = 500nm 4) Solve for β = 15° 5) Repeat for other wavelengths: λ = 225 nm: β = 21° λ = 750 nm: β = 9° So the angles for first order (m = 1) diffraction are: λ = 500 nm: β = 15° λ = 225 nm: β =

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20 views

Lecture8 CLH Class

Here are the steps to solve this problem: 1) Use the grating equation: d(sinα + sinβ) = mλ 2) Given: d = 600 grooves/mm, θi = 10°, m = 1 (first order) 3) Plug in λ = 500 nm: 600(sin10° + sinβ) = 500nm 4) Solve for β = 15° 5) Repeat for other wavelengths: λ = 225 nm: β = 21° λ = 750 nm: β = 9° So the angles for first order (m = 1) diffraction are: λ = 500 nm: β = 15° λ = 225 nm: β =

Uploaded by

Anonymous 9kzuGaY
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Interference and Diffraction

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffraction

Huygens-Fresnel Principle

What if we block some of


the wavelets?

Adapted from: Eugene Hecht, Optics, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1998.

Diffraction
If is large compared to the aperture,
the waves will spread out at large
angles into the region beyond the
obstruction.
Diffraction increases as aperture
size

Eugene Hecht, Optics, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1998.

Diffraction Pattern From a Single Slit

Ingle and Crouch, Spectrochemical Analysis

Diffraction Pattern From a Single Slit


For Destructive
Interference:
x = /2
W sin =

Ingle and Crouch, Spectrochemical Analysis

W
x=
sin
2

Diffraction Pattern From a Single Slit


For Destructive
Interference:
x = /2
W sin = 2

Ingle and Crouch, Spectrochemical Analysis

W
x=
sin
4

Diffraction Pattern From a Single Slit


For Destructive
Interference:
W sin = m
m = 1, 2, 3,

Ingle and Crouch, Spectrochemical Analysis

Diffraction Limited Beam Width

W sin =

sin / W
More accurately:

Ingle and Crouch, Spectrochemical Analysis

sin = 1.22 / W

Eugene Hecht, Optics, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1998.

Diffraction-Limited Resolution

Airy pattern radius from central


peak to 1st minimum:
rAiry

1.22
=
2( NA)

Diffraction-limited resolution:
resolution =

http://www.microscopyu.com/articles/formulas/formulasresolution.html

0.61
NA

Diffraction Gratings
Plane or convex plate ruled with
closely spaced grooves (3002400 grooves/mm).

Eugene Hecht, Optics, 1998.

http://www.olympusmicro.com/primer/java/imageformation/gratingdiffraction/index.html

Grating Equation
Two parallel monochromatic
rays strike adjacent grooves
and are diffracted at the
same angle ().
Difference in optical
pathlength is AC + AD.
For constructive
interference:
m = (AC + AD)
m = 0, 1, 2, 3,
Ingle and Crouch, Spectrochemical Analysis

Grating Equation
m = (AC + AD)
AC = d sin
AD = d sin
Combine to give Grating Equation:

d(sin + sin ) = m
Grating Equation only applies if:
d > /2
Ingle and Crouch, Spectrochemical Analysis

Are you getting the concept?


At what angle would you collect the 1st order diffracted light with
= 500 nm if a broad spectrum beam is incident on a 600
groove/mm grating at i = 10? For = 225 nm? For = 750 nm?

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