Q1: Given That And, and Determine,, and - Solution:-: X P X X P X P X P X P
Q1: Given That And, and Determine,, and - Solution:-: X P X X P X P X P X P
given that
p 4 ( x)
.
Solution:-
p0 ( x) 1
and
p1 ( x) x
p 2 ( x) p3 ( x)
, and determine
,
,and
n 1
3
1
3
1
p 2 ( x) x( x ) (1) x 2
2
2
2
2
n2
5 3
1 2
5
x 5 4 1
p3 ( x) x( )( x 2 ) x x 3 ( ) (5 x 3 3x)
3 2
2 3
2
3 2 2 2
7
3
7 5
3 3
1
xp3 ( x) p 2 ( x) ( x)( x 3 3x) ( )( x 2 )
4
4
4 2
4 2
2
1
(35 x 4 30 x 2 3)
8
p 4 ( x)
n3
( 2 n1 )( 2 n3 ) .31 n
n ( n1 ) n2 n ( n1 ) ( n2 ) (n3) n4
{x
x +
x }
n!
2 n ( 2n1 )
24 ( 2 n1 ) (2 n3)
{ x nx
+
x
}
(2 n)!
2!
( 2 n1 ) ( 2 n3 ) .31
(x 21)n
( 2 n ) ( 2 n1 ) ( 2 n2 ) 21
or
1
( x 21)n
2 n!
n
n
1 dn 2
pn x n
x
2 n! dx n
1
= P n ( x ) t n
2
12 xt +t n=0
p ( p1 ) 2 p ( p1 )( p2 ) 3
v +
v +
2!
3!
We have
1 /2
1
=[ 1t ( 2 xt ) ]
2
12 xt +t
1
1.3 2
2 1.3.5 3
3
1+ t ( 2 xt ) +
t ( 2 xt ) +
t ( 2 xt ) +..
2
2.4
2.4 .6
n
And the coefficient of t in this expansion is
1.3 .5 . ( 2n3 )
n1
1.3 .5 ( 2 n1 )
2.4 .6 ( 2 n2 )
n
(2 x)
( 2 x )n2
2.4 .6 2 n
1!
+1.3 .5 .2 n5
( n2 )( n3 )
2.4 .6 2 n4
( 2 x )n4
2!
1.3 .5 .. (2 n1 ) n n ( n1 ) n2 n ( n1 ) ( n2 )( n3 ) n4
x
x +
x
n!
2 ( 2 n1 )
2.4 ( 2 n1 ) ( 2n3 )
( 2 n1 )( 2 n3 ) .3 .1 n n ( n1 ) n2 n ( n1 )( n2 ) ( n3 ) n 4
x
x +
x
n!
2 ( 2 n1 )
2.4 ( 2 n1 ) ( 2 n3 )
1
= P n ( x ) t n
2
12 xt +t n=0
p 2 ( x)
and
p3 ( x )
Solution:n2
1 d
1 d
1 d2
(2( x 2 1)(2 x)) 2
(4 x 2 4 x )
( x 2 1) 2 2
2
2
2 2! dx
2 2! dx
2 2! dx
p2 x
1
1
(12 x 2 4) (3x 2 1)
8
2
n3
p3 x
d3
2 3! dx
( x 2 1) 3
d2
2 3! dx
(3( x 2 1) 2 (2 x))
d2
2 3! dx
(6 x 5 12 x 3 6 x)
1 d
1
1
(30 x 4 36 x 2 6)
(120 x 3 72 x) (5 x 3 3 x)
3
48
2
2 3! dx
n0
n0
n 0
y cn x n y x ncn x n 1 y xx n n 1 cn x n 2
n n 1 cn x
n2
,
n2
n(n 1)cn x
n 2
n
2 nc n x ( )( 1)c n x 0
n 1
n 0
(n 2) n 1 c n 2 x
n
n0
n n 1 cn x 2 ncn x n
n
n2
n 1
( )( 1)cn x n 0
n 0
(n )( n 1)
cn
(n 1)( n 2)
c2
( 1)
c0
2!
c3
( 1)( 2)
c1
3!
c4
( 2) ( 1)( 3)
c0
4!
c5
c6
c7
(a)
y c0 c1 x c2 x 2 c3 x 3 c4 x 4 c5 x 5 c6 x 6 c7 x 7
y ( x ) c0 (1
( 1) 2 ( 2) ( 1)( 3) 4
x
x
2!
4!
( 1)( 2) 3
( 4)( 2) ( 1)( 3)( 5) 6
x
x ...) c1 ( x
3!
6!
From (a):-
c n2
(n )( n 1)
cn
(n 1)( n 2)
Let m=m-2
c n 2
cn
m( m 1)
cm
(m n 2)( m n 1)
(2n)!
2 n ( n!) 2
c n 2
m=n
( 2n 2)
n(n 1)
cn n
(2)( 2n 1)
(2 )( n 1)!(n 2)!
(2n 2)!
(n 2)( n 3)
c n 2 n
( 4)( 2n 3)
( 2 )n!(n 2)! (n 4)!
c n 4
m=n-2
cn 2 m =(1) m
( 2n2 m ) !
2 m! ( nm ) ! ( n2 m) !
n
Polynomial
c0
,c1x
5
,c1(x- 3
,c0(1-3x )
P0(x)=1
P1(x)=x
c0=1
c1=1
( 2 ) (3)
P2(x)=1- 2 x2=1-3x2
c0=-1/2
p 2 x
1
2
3 x
1
2
( 2 ) (5) 3
5
x =x3
6
P3(x)=xp 3 x
5 x
3x
( 2 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) (7) 4
x
+
24
35
=1-10 x + 3
p 4 x
c1=-3/2
(4 )(5) 2
x
P4(x)=12
2
x3
x4
1
35 x 4 30 x 2 3
8
c0=3/8
x3)
( 4 )(7)
P5(x)= x- 6
14
3
=xp 5 x
( 2 ) ( 4 ) ( 7 ) (9)
x+
120
3
36
x + 15
3
1
63x 5 70 x 3 15 x
8
x5
c1=15/8
( 6 ) (7)
( 4 )( 6 ) (7)( 9)
2
x
+
2
24
P6(x)=1-
x5
x4-
( 2 ) ( 4 ) ( 6 ) (7 ) (9)(11) 6
x
720
c 0=5/ 16
p6 x
1
6
4
2
231x 315 x 105 x 5
16
Q6: Find
1
2,n=0
P n ( x )={0,n=1,2,.
.
1
P0 ( x )=1 , P1 ( x )=x
1
1
1
2
=2
2 ( 0 ) +1
n=1,2,.. Pn ( x ) dx = P 0 ( x ) P n ( x ) dx=0
1
:Q7
-: Using Power series to solve Legendre's Equation
( 1x 2 ) y , xx2 x y , x +n ( n1 ) y=0
P3 ( x ) , P 5 ( x )
y= c k x k
k=0
[ k ( k1 ) c k x k 2 k ( k1 ) c k x k 2 k c k x k +n ( n1 ) c k x k ]=0
0
m=k 2,
( k +2 ) ( k +1 ) c k+2 + [ n ( n1 )k ( k +1 ) ] c k =0
c k+2=
( n ( n1 ) k ( k +1 ) )
ck
( k +2 ) ( k +1 )
,K=0,1,2,3
c 2=
n ( n1 )
c0
2!
c 3=
( n1 ) ( n+2 )
c1
3!
c4 =
n ( n+1 )( n2 )( n+3 )
c0
4!
c 5=
( n1 )( n+2 ) ( n3 ) ( n+4 )
c1
5!
( n+ 1 )( n+ 2 ) 3 ( n1 )( n+ 2 )( n3 ) ( n+4 ) 5
x+
x +...
3!
5!
y 1 ( x )=c 0 1+
y 2 ( x )=c 1 x +
n=2,4,6
c 0=(1 )
n/ 2
1.3 . ( n1 )
2n n
3
35
n=2, y 1 ( x ) = (110 x 2 + x 4 )
8
3
1
( 35 x 410 x 2 +3 )
8
n=3,5,7..
c 1=(1 )
n1/ 2
1.3 . n
2n ( n1 )
n=3,
y 2 ( x )=(1 )
] [
3
5
3 5 3
1
x x 3 =
x x = [ 5 x 33 x ]
2
3
2 3
2
1
[ 5 x 33 x ]
2
P 3 ( x )=
n=5
y 2 ( x )=
1.3 .5
14
63
x x3 + x 5
2.4
3
15
1
[ 63 x5 70 x3 +15 x ]
8
5
63 x 70 x +15 x
1
P5 (x )=
8
Q8 : find a solution
(1 x ) y xx 2 xyx 2 y 0
In the interval
y cn x n
n0
n n 1 cn x
n2
n0
,
n2
n 0
n
n(n 1)c n x 2 nc n x
n
n 1
n 2
(n 2) n 1 c n 2 x n
n0
y xx n n 1 cn x n 2
y x ncn x n 1
n2
n 1
2cn x n 0
n 0
n n 1 cn x n 2 ncn x n
2 cn x n 0
n 0
( n 1 )( n 2 )
( n 1)
cn
cn
( n 1 )( n 2 )
( n 1)
0
y ( x) c 0 c1 x c 2 x 2
y( x ) c
( 1 x2 ) c x
1
y ( 0) 3 c 0
y(0) 4 c1
y ( x) 3 (1 x2 ) 4 x
y( x ) c
y( x ) c
p ( x)c Q ( x)
1
1 1
x 1 x
x c ( ln
1)
1 2 1x
0
y( x ) 4 x
3x 1 x
ln
3
2 1 x