Gse Math Unit 2

Georgia
Standards of Excellence
Frameworks
Mathematics
GSE Grade 6
Unit 2: Rate, Ratio, and Proportional
Reasoning Using Equivalent Fractions
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Georgia Department of Education

Georgia Standards of Excellence Framework
GSE Grade 6 Mathematics Unit 2
Unit 2
Rate, Ratio, and Proportional Reasoning Using Equivalent Fractions
TABLE OF CONTENTS
OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................... 3
STANDARDS FOR MATHEMATICAL PRACTICE .................................................... 3
STANDARDS FOR MATHEMATICAL CONTENT ..................................................... 4
BIG IDEAS..................................................................................................................... 4
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS............................................................................................. 5
CONCEPTS & SKILLS TO MAINTAIN/*FLUENCY .................................................. 5
STRATEGIES FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING ..................................................... 6
MISCONCEPTIONS ...................................................................................................... 8
SELECTED TERMS AND SYMBOLS .......................................................................... 8
INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES/TOOLS .................................................................. 10
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT LESSONS (FAL) ......................................................... 10
SPOTLIGHT TASKS ................................................................................................... 10
3-ACT TASKS ............................................................................................................. 10
Tasks ............................................................................................................................ 11
*Arcade Basketball Insanity ........................................................................... 13

Rope Jumper (Spotlight Task) ........................................................................... 18
Snack Mix (Spotlight Task) ............................................................................... 23
Real??? World Ratios (Spotlight Task) .............................................................. 28
Ratios and Rates ................................................................................................ 34
Constant Dimensions ......................................................................................... 39
**How Many Noses are in Your Arms?............................................................. 45
Reaching the Goal ............................................................................................. 49
*Free Throw Warm-up ................................................................................... 52
Free Throws ...................................................................................................... 55
*Comparing Rates ........................................................................................... 57
Traveling to School (FAL)................................................................................. 62
Optimizing Security Cameras (FAL) ................................................................. 64
Ice Cream or Cake? ........................................................................................... 66
Culminating Task: The Rocky Mountain Vacation Trip Problem ....................... 69
*Unit Web Links ......................................................................................................... 78

*Revised standards, new tasks, and other new resources indicated in bold red font.
** Existing task modified in the July 2015 edition
Mathematics Grade 6 Unit 2: Rate, Ratio, and Proportional Reasoning Using Equivalent Fractions
Richard Woods, State School Superintendent
July 2015 Page 2 of 79
All Rights Reserved

OVERVIEW
In this unit, students will:
gain a deeper understanding of proportional reasoning through instruction and practice

develop and use multiplicative thinking
develop a sense of proportional reasoning
develop the understanding that ratio is a comparison of two numbers or quantities
find percents using the same processes for solving rates and proportions
solve real-life problems involving measurement units that need to be converted
STANDARDS FOR MATHEMATICAL PRACTICE

1. Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. Students understand the problem
context in order to translate them into ratios/rates.
2. Reason abstractly and quantitatively. Students understand the relationship between two
quantities in order to express them mathematically. They use ratio and rate notation as well as
visual models and contexts to demonstrate reasoning.
3. Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others. Students construct and
critique arguments regarding appropriateness of representations given ratio and rate contexts. For
example, does a tape diagram adequately represent a given ratio scenario.
4. Model with mathematics. Students can model problem situations symbolically (tables,
expressions or equations), visually (graphs or diagrams) and contextually to form real-world
connections.
5. Use appropriate tools strategically. Students choose appropriate models for a given
situation, including tables, expressions or equations, tape diagrams, number line models, etc.
6. Attend to precision. Students use and interpret mathematical language to make sense of ratios
and rates.
7. Look for and make use of structure. The structure of a ratio is unique and can be used
across a wide variety of problem-solving situations. For instance, students recognize patterns that
exist in ratio tables, including both the additive and multiplicative properties. In addition,
students use their knowledge of the structures of word problems to make sense of real-world
problems.
8. Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning. Students utilize repeated reasoning
by applying their knowledge of ratio, rate and problem solving structures to new contexts.
Students can generalize the relationship between representations, understanding that all formats
represent the same ratio or rate.
All Rights Reserved

STANDARDS FOR MATHEMATICAL CONTENT

Understand ratio concepts and use ratio reasoning to solve problems.
MGSE6.RP.1 Understand the concept of a ratio and use ratio language to describe a ratio
relationship between two quantities.
MGSE6.RP.2 Understand the concept of a unit rate a/b associated with a ratio a:b with b 0 (b
not equal to zero), and use rate language in the context of a ratio relationship.
MGSE6.RP.3 Use ratio and rate reasoning to solve real-world and mathematical problems
utilizing strategies such as tables of equivalent ratios, tape diagrams (bar models), double
number line diagrams, and/or equations.
MGSE6.RP.3a Make tables of equivalent ratios relating quantities with whole number
measurements, find missing values in tables, and plot the pairs of values on the coordinate plane.
Use tables to compare ratios.
MGSE6.RP.3b Solve unit rate problems including those involving unit pricing and constant
speed.
MGSE6.RP.3c Find a percent of a quantity as a rate per 100 (e.g. 30% of a quantity means
30/100 times the quantity); given a percent, solve problems involving finding the whole
given a part and the part given the whole.
MGSE6.RP.3d Given a conversion factor, use ratio reasoning to convert measurement
units within one system of measurement and between two systems of measurements
(customary and metric); manipulate and transform units appropriately when multiplying
or dividing quantities. For example, given 1 in. = 2.54 cm, how many centimeters are in 6
inches?
BIG IDEAS
A ratio is a number that relates two quantities or measures within a given situation in a
multiplicative relationship (in contrast to a difference or additive relationship).The
relationships and rules that govern whole numbers, govern all rational numbers.
Making explicit the type of relationships that exist between two values will minimize
confusion between multiplicative and additive situations.
Ratios can express comparisons of a part to whole, (a/b with b 0), for example, the ratio
of the number of boys in a class to the number of students in the class.
The ratio of the length to the width of a rectangle is a part-to-part relationship.
Understand that fractions are also part-whole ratios, meaning fractions are also ratios.
Percentages are ratios and are sometimes used to express ratios.
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Both part-to-whole and part-to-part ratios compare two measures of the same type of
thing. A ratio can also be a rate.
A rate is a comparison of the measures of two different things or quantities; the
measuring unit is different for each value. For example if 4 similar vans carry 36
passengers, then the comparison of 4 vans to 36 passengers is a ratio.
All rates of speed are ratios that compare distance to time, such as driving at 45 miles per
hour or jogging at 7 minutes per mile.
Ratios use division to represent relations between two quantities.
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
What kinds of problems can I solve by using ratios?

How can I tell if a relationship is multiplicative?
What is the difference between a multiplicative and an additive relationship?
What are equivalent ratios?
What are rates?
How are unit rates helpful in solving real-world problems?
How are ratios and rates similar and different?
What are percentages?
What information do I get when I compare two numbers using a ratio?
It is expected that students will continue to develop and practice strategies to build their
capacity to become fluent in mathematics and mathematics computation. The eventual
goal is automaticity with math facts. This automaticity is built within each student through
strategy development and practice. The following section is presented in order to develop a
common understanding of the ideas and terminology regarding fluency and automaticity in
mathematics:
CONCEPTS & SKILLS TO MAINTAIN

It is expected that students will have prior knowledge/experience related to the concepts and
skills identified below. It may be necessary to pre-assess in order to determine if time needs to
be spent on conceptual activities that help students develop a deeper understanding of these
ideas.
number sense
multiples and factors
divisibility rules
relationships and rules for multiplication and division of whole numbers as they apply to
decimal fractions
understanding of common fractions
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*FLUENCY
Fluency: Procedural fluency is defined as skill in carrying out procedures flexibly, accurately, efficiently,
and appropriately. Fluent problem solving does not necessarily mean solving problems within a certain
time limit, though there are reasonable limits on how long computation should take. Fluency is based on a
deep understanding of quantity and number.
Deep Understanding: Teachers teach more than simply how to get the answer and instead support
students ability to access concepts from a number of perspectives. Therefore students are able to see
math as more than a set of mnemonics or discrete procedures. Students demonstrate deep conceptual
understanding of foundational mathematics concepts by applying them to new situations, as well as
writing and speaking about their understanding.
Memorization: The rapid recall of arithmetic facts or mathematical procedures. Memorization is often
confused with fluency. Fluency implies a much richer kind of mathematical knowledge and experience.
Number Sense: Students consider the context of a problem, look at the numbers in a problem, make a
decision about which strategy would be most efficient in each particular problem. Number sense is not a
deep understanding of a single strategy, but rather the ability to think flexibly between a variety of
strategies in context.
Fluent students:
flexibly use a combination of deep understanding, number sense, and memorization.

are fluent in the necessary baseline functions in mathematics so that they are able to spend their
thinking and processing time unpacking problems and making meaning from them.
are able to articulate their reasoning.
find solutions through a number of different paths.
For more about fluency, see: http://www.youcubed.org/wpcontent/uploads/2015/03/FluencyWithoutFear-2015.pdf and: http://joboaler.com/timed-testsand-the-development-of-math-anxiety/
STRATEGIES FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

Proportional reasoning is a process that requires instruction and practice. It does not develop
over time on its own. Grade 6 is the first of several years in which students develop this
multiplicative/proportional thinking. Examples with ratio and proportion should involve
measurements, prices and geometric contexts. Miles per hour, constant speed, and portions per
person within contexts that are relevant to sixth graders should be used for rates. Experience with
proportional and non-proportional relationships, comparing and predicting ratios, and relating
unit rates to previously learned unit fractions will facilitate the development of proportional
reasoning. Although algorithms provide efficient means for finding solutions, the crossproduct algorithm commonly used for solving proportions will not aid in the development
of proportional reasoning. Delaying the introduction of rules and algorithms will encourage
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thinking about multiplicative situations instead of indiscriminately applying rules. Students

will use the cross-product algorithm in unit 4 after solving one-step equations.
Students develop the understanding that ratio is a comparison of two numbers or quantities.
Ratios that are written as part-to-whole are comparing a specific part to the whole. Fractions and
percent are examples of part-to-whole ratios. Fractions are written as the part being identified
compared to the whole amount. A percent is the part identified compared to the whole (100).
Provide students with multiple examples of ratios, fractions and percent of this type. For
example, the number of girls in the class (12) to the number of students in the class (28) is the
ratio 12 to 28.
Percents are often taught in relationship to learning fractions and decimals. This cluster indicates
that percents are to be taught as a special type of rate. Provide students with opportunities to find
percents in the same ways they would solve rates and proportions.
Part-to-part ratios are used to compare two parts. For example, the number of girls in the class
(12) compared to the number of boys in the class (16) is the ratio the ratio 12 to 16. This form of
ratios is often used to compare the event that can happen to the event that cannot happen.
Rates, a relationship between two units of measure, can be written as ratios, such as miles per
hour, ounces per gallon and students per bus. For example, 3 cans of pudding cost $2.48 at Store
A and 6 cans of the same pudding costs $4.50 at Store B. Which store has the better buy on these
cans of pudding? Various strategies could be used to solve this problem:
A student can determine the unit cost of 1 can of pudding at each store and
compare.
A student can determine the cost of 6 cans of pudding at Store A by doubling $2.48.
A student can determine the cost of 3 cans of pudding at Store B by taking of
$4.50.
Using ratio tables develops the concept of proportion. By comparing equivalent ratios, the
concept of proportional thinking is developed and many problems can be easily solved.
Students should also solve real-life problems involving measurement units that need to be
converted. Representing these measurement conversions with models such as ratio tables, tcharts or double number line diagrams will help students internalize the size relationships
between same system measurements and relate the process of converting to the solution of
a ratio.
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Multiplicative reasoning is used when finding the missing element in a proportion. For example,
use 2 cups of syrup to 5 cups of water to make fruit punch. If 6 cups of syrup are used to make
punch, how many cups of water are needed?
2 6
Recognize that the relationship between 2 and 6 is 3 times. (2)(3) = 6
=
5 x
To find x, the relationship between 5 and x must also be 3 times. (3)(5) = x
2 6
the final proportion
=
5 15
Other ways to illustrate ratios that will help students see the relationships follow. Begin
written representation of ratios with the words out of or to before using the symbolic
notation of the colon and then the fraction bar; for example, 3 out of 7, 3 to 7, 3:7 and then
3/7.
Use skip counting as a technique to determine if ratios are equal.
Labeling units helps students organize the quantities when writing proportions.
3eggs
zeggs
=
2cupsofFlour 8cupsofFlour
Using hue/color intensity is a visual way to examine ratios of part-to-part. Students can compare
the intensity of the color green and relate that to the ratio of colors used. For example, have
students mix green paint into white paint in the following ratios: 1 part green to 5 parts white, 2
parts green to 3 parts white, and 3 parts green to 7 parts white. Compare the green color intensity
with their ratios.
MISCONCEPTIONS
Regarding proportional reasoning, the most common misconception that students have about
proportional relationships is that they are additive rather than multiplicative. For example, if
a particular shade of orange paint uses 3 quarts of red paint for every 2 quarts of yellow paint,
a student using additive reasoning might incorrectly reason that 9 quarts of red paint should
be mixed with 8 quarts of yellow paint to maintain the same shade of orange because the
amount of red paint should be 1 more quart than the amount of yellow paint.
Regarding percents, often there is a misunderstanding that a percent is always a natural number
less than or equal to 100. Provide examples of percent amounts that are greater than 100%, and
percent amounts that are less 1%.
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SELECTED TERMS AND SYMBOLS

The following terms and symbols are often misunderstood. These concepts are not an inclusive
list and should not be taught in isolation. However, due to evidence of frequent difficulty and
misunderstanding associated with these concepts, instructors should pay particular attention to
them and how their students are able to explain and apply them.
The definitions below are for teacher reference only and are not to be memorized by
the students. Students should explore these concepts using models and real life examples.
Students should understand the concepts involved and be able to recognize and/or
demonstrate them with words, models, pictures, or numbers.
The websites below are interactive and include a math glossary suitable for middle school
students. Note Different sources use different definitions. Please preview any website for
alignment to the definitions given in the frameworks.
http://www.amathsdictionaryforkids.com/
This web site has activities to help students more fully understand and retain new vocabulary
http://intermath.coe.uga.edu/dictnary/homepg.asp
Definitions and activities for these and other terms can be found on the Intermath website.
Intermath is geared towards middle and high school students.
http://www.corestandards.org/Math/Content/mathematics-glossary/glossary
Percent: A fraction or ratio in which the denominator is 100. A number compared to

100.
Proportion: An equation which states that two ratios are equal.
Rate: A comparison of two quantities that have different units of measure
Ratio: compares quantities that share a fixed, multiplicative relationship.
Rational number: A number that can be written as a/b where a and b are integers, but b
is not equal to 0.
Tape diagram: A thinking tool used to visually represent a mathematical problem and
transform the words into an appropriate numerical operation. Tape diagrams are linear
drawings that look like a segment of tape, used to illustrate number relationships. Also
known as Singapore Strips, strip diagrams, bar models or graphs, fraction strips, or length
models.
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Unit Ratio: are ratios written as some number to 1.
Quantity: is an amount that can be counted or measured.
INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES AND TOOLS
100 grids (10 x 10) for modeling percent

Bar Models for example, 4 red bars to 6 blue bars as a visual representation of a ratio
and then expand the number of bars to show other equivalent ratios
Cuisenaire Rods
Double Number Lines
Ratio tables to use for proportional reasoning
Tape Diagrams
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT LESSONS (FAL)

Formative Assessment Lessons are intended to support teachers in formative assessment. They
reveal and develop students understanding of key mathematical ideas and applications. These
lessons enable teachers and students to monitor in more detail their progress towards the targets
of the standards. They assess students understanding of important concepts and problem solving
performance, and help teachers and their students to work effectively together to move each
students mathematical reasoning forward. More information on Formative Assessment Lessons
may be found in the Comprehensive Course Guide.
SPOTLIGHT TASKS
For middle and high schools, each Georgia Standards of Excellence mathematics unit includes at
least one Spotlight Task. The Spotlight Tasks serve as exemplars for the use of the Standards for
Mathematical Practice, appropriate unit-level Georgia Standards of Excellence, and researchbased pedagogical strategies for instruction and engagement. Each task includes teacher
commentary and support for classroom implementation. Some of the Spotlight Tasks are
revisions of existing Georgia tasks and some are newly created. Additionally, some of the
Spotlight Tasks are 3-Act Tasks based on 3-Act Problems from Dan Meyer and Problem-Based
Learning from Robert Kaplinsky
3-ACT TASKS
A Three-Act Task is a whole group mathematics task consisting of 3 distinct parts: an engaging
and perplexing Act One, an information and solution seeking Act Two, and a solution discussion
and solution revealing Act Three. More information along with guidelines for 3-Act Tasks may
be found in the Comprehensive Course Guide.
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Task
Task Type
Grouping Strategy
*Arcade Basketball
Insanity
Constructing Task
Partner/Small Group
Task
Ratios, Rates, and Unit

Rates
Rope Jumper
(Spotlight Task)
Constructing Task
Partner/Small Group
Task

Rates
Snack Mix
(Spotlight Task)
Constructing Task
Partner/Small Group
Task

Rates
Real??? World
Ratios
(Spotlight Task)
Constructing Task
Partner/Small Group
Task

Rates
Ratios and Rates
Learning Task
Partner/Small Group
Task

Rates
Constant
Dimensions
Performance Task
Partner/Small Group
Task
Ratio Units
**How Many Noses
Are In Your
Arms?
Reaching the Goal
*Free Throw
Warm-up
Free Throws
*Comparing Rates
Performance Task
Partner/Partner Group
Performance Task
Individual/Partner Task
Learning Task
Partner/Small Group
Task
Performance Task
Learning Task
Partner/Small Group
Task
Content Addressed
Ratios and Proportions
Fraction, Percent
Fractions, Decimals,
Percents, Ratios, Rates
Multiplying,
Percentages, and Ratios
Comparing
Ratios and Rates
Standards
Addressed
MGSE6.RP.1
MGSE6.RP.2
MGSE6.RP.3
MGSE6.RP.3b
MGSE6.RP.1
MGSE6.RP.2
MGSE6.RP.3
MGSE6.RP.3b
MGSE6.RP.1
MGSE6.RP.2
MGSE6.RP.3
MGSE6.RP.3b
MGSE6.RP.1
MGSE6.RP.2
MGSE6.RP.3
MGSE6.RP.3b
MGSE6.RP.1
MGSE6.RP.2
MGSE6.RP.3
MGSE6.RP.3b
MGSE6.RP.1
MGSE6.RP.3
MGSE6.RP.3a
MGSE6.RP.1
MGSE6.RP.3
MGSE6.RP.3d
MGSE6.RP.3
MGSE6.RP.3c
MGSE6.RP.3
MGSE6.RP.3c
MGSE6.RP.3
MGSE6.RP.3c
MGSE6.RP.1
MGSE6.RP.3
MGSE6.RP.3a
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Traveling to School
Optimizing
Security Cameras
Ice Cream or
Cake?
Culminating Task:
The Rocky
Mountain Vacation
Trip Problem
Formative Assessment
Lesson
Formative Assessment
Lesson
Fractions, ratios, and

proportions
Percentages
Performance Task
Percentages and Ratios
Performance Task
Individual
Ratio and Proportions
MGSE6.RP.1
MGSE6.RP.2
MGSE6.RP.3
MGSE6.RP.3a
MGSE6.RP.3b
MGSE6.RP.3c
MGSE6.RP.3d
MGSE6.RP.1
MGSE6.RP.2
MGSE6.RP.3
MGSE6.RP.3a
MGSE6.RP.3b
MGSE6.RP.3c
MGSE6.RP.3d
MGSE6.RP.3
MGSE6.RP.3c
MGSE6.RP.1
MGSE6.RP.2
MGSE6.RP.3
MGSE6.RP.3a
MGSE6.RP.3b
MGSE6.RP.3c
MGSE6.RP.3d
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* Arcade Basketball Insanity
Back to Task Table
Task adapted from brianlack.wordpress.com

In this inquiry-based task, students will use proportional reasoning to predict the number of
basketball shots that will be made in a given amount of time.
MGSE6.RP.2 Understand the concept of a unit rate / associated with a ratio : with 0 (b
speed.
1. Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. Students make sense of ratio and
unit rates in real-world contexts. They persevere by selecting and using appropriate
representations for the given contexts.
2. Reason abstractly and quantitatively. Students will reason about the value of the rational
number in relation the models that are created to represent them.
3. Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others. Students use arguments
to justify their reasoning when creating and solving proportions used in real-world contexts.
4. Model with mathematics. Students create models using tape diagrams, double number lines,
manipulatives, tables and graphs to represent real-world and mathematical situations involving
ratios and proportions. For example, students will examine the relationships between slopes of
lines and ratio tables in the context of given situations.
5. Use appropriate tools strategically. Students use estimation as a sense-making tool to help
them monitor and evaluate the reasonableness of their solution(s).
6. Attend to precision. Students attend to the ratio and rate language studied in grade 6 to
represent and solve problems involving rates and ratios.
7. Look for and make use of structure. Students look for patterns that exist in ratio tables in
order to make conjectures about solving the problem presented in this task.
8. Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning. Students formally begin to make
connections between covariance, rates, and representations showing the relationships between
quantities.
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ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
What conditions help to recognize and represent proportional relationships between

quantities?
How are proportional relationships used to solve multistep ratio problems?
MATERIALS REQUIRED
Videos for Arcade Basketball Insanity: 3-Act task (linked below)

Recording sheet (attached)
TIME NEEDED
1 day
TEACHER NOTES
In this task, students will watch the video and then tell what they noticed. They will then be
asked to discuss what they wonder or are curious about. These questions will be recorded on a
class chart or on the board. Students will then use mathematics to answer their own questions.
Students will be given information to solve the problem based on need. When they realize they
dont have the information they needand ask for itit will be given to them.
TASK DESCRIPTION
The following 3-Act Task can be found at: http://wp.me/p4Arxs-7
More information along with guidelines for 3-Act Tasks may be found in the Comprehensive
Course Guide.
ACT 1:
Watch the video:
http://swf.tubechop.com/tubechop.swf?vurl=QjPvCAx4zGA&start=3.83&end=10.11&cid=5598521
Students are asked what they noticed in the video. Students record what they noticed or
wondered on the recording sheet. You may need to replay the video several times for students to
be able to create good, mathematically relevant observations and questions. Students are asked
to discuss and share what they wondered (or are curious about) as related to what they saw in the
video.
Important Note: Although the MAIN QUESTION of this lesson is How many shots will he (the
man on the left) make before time expires? it is important for the teacher to not ignore student
generated questions and try to answer as many of them as possible (before, during, and after the
lesson as a follow up).
Main Question: How many shots will he (the man on the left) make before time expires?
Write down an estimate you know is too high, and one you know is too low.
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ACT 2:
Students will realize that they do not have enough information to complete the problem. Release
the following information to students ONLY AFTER they have identified what information they
need.
Required information:
The man on the left makes 15 shots in the first 6 seconds.
There are 34 seconds remaining in the game.

Students may work individually for 5-10 minutes to come up with a plan,
test ideas, and problem-solve. After individual time, students may work in
groups (3-4 students) to collaborate and solve this task together.
ACT 3
Students will compare and share solution strategies.
Allow students to share their solutions and reasoning.
Show students the Act-3

Video: http://swf.tubechop.com/tubechop.swf?vurl=bpyX5E1tARk&start=3.62&end=53.85&cid=55
98621
Reveal the answer (He makes 85 shots in the last 34 seconds).

Discuss the theoretical math versus the practical outcome.
How appropriate was your initial estimate?
Share student solution paths. Start with most common strategy. Some students may
realize that the man is averaging 5 shots made every 2 seconds; therefore, multiplying
the shots made and the seconds by a factor of 17 yields a prediction of 85 shots made in
the last 34 seconds. Others may use rate tables, tape diagrams, etc., as pictured below:
The man should make 70 shots in 30 seconds. Since 4 seconds is 2/3 of 6 seconds,
then 10 is 2/3 of 15 shots. Therefore, the man should make 75 + 10 (or 85 shots) in the
last 34 seconds.
Revisit any initial student questions that werent answered.
Formative Assessment Questions

How did the information that was revealed in Act 2 help you answer the question?
What is the mathematical relationship between shots made and seconds?
What models did you create?
What organizational strategies did you use?
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Arcade Basketball Insanity
Name:________________________
Adapted from Andrew Stadel
ACT 1
What did/do you notice?
What questions come to your mind?
Main Question:_______________________________________________________________
Estimate the result of the main question. Explain.
Place an estimate that is too high and too low on the number line
Low estimate
Place an x where your estimate belongs
High estimate
ACT 2
What information would you like to know or do you need to solve the MAIN question?
Record the given information (measurements, materials, etc)
If possible, give a better estimate using this information:_______________________________

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Act 2 (cont)
Use this area for your work, tables, calculations, sketches, and final solution.
ACT 3
What was the result?
Which Standards for Mathematical Practice did you use?

Make sense of problems & persevere in
Use appropriate tools strategically.
solving them
Reason abstractly & quantitatively
Attend to precision.
Construct viable arguments & critique the

reasoning of others.
Look for and make use of structure.
Model with mathematics.
Look for and express regularity in repeated

reasoning.
All Rights Reserved

Rope Jumper (Spotlight Task)
Back to Task Table
Task adapted from www.gfletchy.wordpress.com

In this inquiry-based task, students will use proportional reasoning to predict the number of
times a professional jump roper will be able to jump a rope in a given amount of time.
MGSE6.RP.2 Understand the concept of a unit rate / associated with a ratio : with 0 (b
speed.
1. Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. Students make sense of ratio and
unit rates in real-world contexts. They persevere by selecting and using appropriate
representations for the given contexts.
2. Reason abstractly and quantitatively. Students will reason about the value of the rational
number in relation the models that are created to represent them.
3. Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others. Students use arguments
to justify their reasoning when creating and solving proportions used in real-world contexts.
4. Model with mathematics. Students create models using tape diagrams, double number lines,
manipulatives, tables and graphs to represent real-world and mathematical situations involving
ratios and proportions. For example, students will examine the relationships between slopes of
lines and ratio tables in the context of given situations.
5. Use appropriate tools strategically. Students use visual representations such as the
coordinate plane to show the constant of proportionality.
6. Attend to precision. Students attend to the ratio and rate language studied in grade 6 to
represent and solve problems involving rates and ratios.
7. Look for and make use of structure. Students look for patterns that exist in ratio tables in
order to make connections between the constant of proportionality in a table with the slope of a
graph.
8. Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning. Students formally begin to make
connections between covariance, rates, and representations showing the relationships between
quantities.
All Rights Reserved

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
What conditions help to recognize and represent proportional relationships between

quantities?
How are proportional relationships used to solve multistep ratio and percent problems?
How do equations represent proportional relationships? Explain how unit rates can be
applied to model a real-world situation.
MATERIALS REQUIRED
Videos for Rope Jumper 3-Act task

Recording sheet (attached)
TIME NEEDED
1-2 class periods
TEACHER NOTES
In this task, students will watch the video, then tell what they noticed. They will then be asked to
discuss what they wonder or are curious about. These questions will be recorded on a class chart
or on the board. Students will then use mathematics to answer their own questions. Students
will be given information to solve the problem based on need. When they realize they dont
have the information they need, and ask for it, it will be given to them
TASK DESCRIPTION
The following 3-Act Task can be found at: http://gfletchy3act.wordpress.com/rope-jumper/
ACT 1:
Watch the video: http://vimeo.com/93778595
Ask students what they noticed and what they wonder. Record responses.
Suggested question: How many times will she be able to jump the rope in 30 seconds?
Estimate. Write an estimate that is too high and an estimate that is too low.
ACT 2:
The following information is provided for students as they ask for it.
How many times she jumped the rope
How long did she jump the rope for?
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ACT 3:
Reveal the answer. Discuss the theoretical math versus the practical outcome.
Share student solution paths. Start with most common strategy.
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Rope Jumper
Name:________________________
ACT 1
Main Question:_______________________________________________________________
Estimate the result of the main question? Explain?
Low estimate
High estimate
ACT 2

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Act 2 (cont)
ACT 3

solving them


reasoning.
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Snack Mix (Spotlight Task)
Back to Task Table
Task adapted from http://mikewiernicki.com/snack-mix

In this inquiry-based task, students will use proportional reasoning to determine the amount of
specific ingredients used in a snack recipe.
relationship between two quantities. For example, The ratio of wings to beaks in the bird house
at the zoo was 2:1, because for every 2 wings there was 1 beak. For every vote candidate A
received, candidate C received nearly three votes.
not equal to zero), and use rate language in the context of a ratio relationship. For example, "This
recipe has a ratio of 3 cups of flour to 4 cups of sugar, so there is 3/4 cup of flour for each cup of
sugar." "We paid $75 for 15 hamburgers, which is a rate of $5 per hamburger."
1. Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. Students will make sense of the
problem through its context before thinking about any numbers because only the context is
evident from the video.
2. Reason abstractly and quantitatively. Once students ask for quantities, they can begin to
reason about the numbers in the context.
3. Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others.
4. Model with mathematics. Students will use diagrams and or number lines to model the
problem as well as equations.
6. Attend to precision. Students will attend to precision using the language of mathematics in
their discussions as well as in their calculations.
7. Look for and make use of structure. Students will make use of structure by attending to the
parts and the whole of the problem and understanding the relationships between them.
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
MATERIALS REQUIRED
Video: Snack Mix

3-Act Recording Sheet (attached)
TIME NEEDED
At least 2 days
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TEACHER NOTES
In this task, students will watch the video and then tell what they noticed. They will then be
asked to discuss what they wonder or are curious about. These questions will be recorded on a
class chart or on the board. Students will then use mathematics to answer their own questions.
Students will be given information to solve the problem based on need. When they realize they
dont have the information they needand ask for itit will be given to them.
The 3-Act Task for this lesson can be found at: http://mikewiernicki.com/snack-mix
ACT 1:
Watch the video:
Ask students what they noticed. Record student responses on the board or on chart paper.
Ask students what they wonder (or what they are curious about). Record student wonders on the
board or on chart paper.
Suggested question: How much of each ingredient is needed to fill all of the cups?
Have students make an estimate of the number of ounces for each ingredient to make enough to
fill all of the cups.
Have students make an estimate that is too low, and another estimate that is too high.
ACT 2:
Students should begin to work on solving the questions they are curious about. Students may
have a lot of different solution pathways, but this is encouraged. Students should be working
with a partner or a small group to bounce ideas off of. When students ask for a bit of
information, give it to them. Below, you will find some information that students may ask for to
solve this task.
ACT 3
Reveal the answer. Discuss the theoretical math versus the practical outcome.
Share student solution paths. Start with most common strategy.
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ACT 4
DIFFERENTIATION
Extension:
Students may wish to continue with a solution for how much it would take to make this snack
mix for their class or the entire 6th grade, or the entire middle school including teachers, and
administrators . . . this could be all the practice they need. Students may also wish to create their
own snack recipe and find the ratios to make enough for the class.
Intervention:
Students needing support should be guided to use a tool such as counters and/or tiles (or other
manipulatives) to represent the situation in the video. Students can then be asked to create
equivalent ratios using these same materials. Students can then be asked to create a
representation of this information using a tape diagram, double number line, or tables of
equivalent ratios.
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Snack Mix
Name:________________________
ACT 1
Main Question:_______________________________________________________________
Estimate the result of the main question? Explain?
Low estimate
High estimate
ACT 2

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Act 2 (cont)
ACT 3

solving them


reasoning.
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Real??? World Ratios (Spotlight Task)
Back to Task Table
Adapted from www.illustrativemathematics.org

In this task, students will use express ratios as unit rates.
relationship between two quantities. For example, The ratio of wings to beaks in the bird house
at the zoo was 2:1, because for every 2 wings there was 1 beak. For every vote candidate A
received, candidate C received nearly three votes.
not equal to zero), and use rate language in the context of a ratio relationship. For example, "This
recipe has a ratio of 3 cups of flour to 4 cups of sugar, so there is 3/4 cup of flour for each cup of
sugar." "We paid $75 for 15 hamburgers, which is a rate of $5 per hamburger."
1. Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. Students will use different contexts
to write and make sense of ratios.
2. Reason abstractly and quantitatively. Students must reason abstractly and quantitatively in
order to answer the questions because they can't rely on their experience with the situation to
guide them through it.
3. Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others. Students will share
solutions and discuss reasonableness of these solutions within and between groups.
4. Model with mathematics. Students will use materials and/or diagrams to demonstrate their
understanding of ratios.
6. Attend to precision. Students will attend to precision by using the language of mathematics in
their discussions and explanations of their mathematical computations.
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
What is a ratio?
What are some ways I can think about ratios?
How are fractions and ratios related?
MATERIALS REQUIRED
Various manipulatives such as tiles and counters

Real??? World Ratios task sheet (attached)
TIME NEEDED
2 days
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TEACHER NOTES
Ratios use a multiplicative relationship to compare two quantities or measures. A ratio can relate
one part of a whole to another part of the same whole (8 girls in a class to 7 boys in the same
8
class). The ratio can be represented as or a ratio of eight to seven not eight-sevenths (the
7
fraction). Ratios are often written with a fraction bar, so this distinction is necessary for
students. This distinction should not be memorized. Ratios should rather be presented in
contexts, since the context is what tells you it is a part-to-part ratio. Part-to-part ratios occur in
geometry (corresponding parts of similar figures and the ratio of the diagonal of a square to its
side), algebra (slope of a line is a ratio of its rise to its run), and statistics & probability (the odds
of an event occurring/not occurring is a part-to-part ratio).
Ratios can also show part-to-whole comparisons. For example, the ratio of girls in a class (8) to
8
the number of students in the class (15) can be written as . This can also be thought of as
15
eight-fifteenths of the class. Percentages and probabilities are examples of part-to-whole ratios.
Many students view ratios and fractions as the same thing. While they are similar, they should
be taught as overlapping concepts with certain distinctions. In his book, Teaching Student
Centered Mathematics, Van de Walle gives three situations which illustrate these distinctions:
3
1. The ratio of cats to dogs at a pet store is .

5
This ratio is not a fraction because fractions are not part-to-part ratios.
3
2. The ratio of cats to pets at the pet store is .
8
This can be adapted to say that of the pets are cats. Since this is a part-to-whole
8
ratio, it is both a ratio and a fraction.
3
3. Mario walked three-eighths of a mile ( mile).
8
This is a fraction of a length and is not a ratio because there is not a multiplicative
comparison.
There are two ways students should be able to think about ratio: as multiplicative comparisons
and as composed units.
Multiplicative comparisons can be viewed in two ways. Example: Cup A holds 8 oz. Cup
B holds 10 oz. The ratio of the two cups is 8 to 10, but this doesnt tell us about the
relationship between the measures. To compare the cups multiplicatively:
The small cup holds eight-tenths as much as the large cup (it holds four-fifths as much).
1
The large cup holds ten-eighths as much as the short cup (it holds five-fourths or 1 as
4
much).
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Composed units refers to thinking of the ratio as one unit. This is similar to the idea of
thinking of a group of ten ones as a unit of ten. For example, if lemons are 4 for $1.00, you
can think of this as a unit, then think about other ratios that would also be true for this given:
8 for $2.00
16 for $4.00
2 for $0.50
1 for $0.25
Any number of lemons can be priced by using these composed units.
For this task, it is important for students to make sense of the context and the rate for which they
are asked to find. The ratio they are asked for in each context may be different than they
anticipate, given the information. For example, with the goats, students may initially be thinking
about pizzas per goat rather than goats per pizza which is what is asked for in that problem. The
idea that ratios can be viewed in two ways is an important concept for students and builds
students flexibility in reasoning with ratios.
The goal of this task is for students to find unit rates in different situations involving unusual
units. Most students are familiar with miles per hour, but students are unlikely to have
encountered the idea of pumpkins per hippo or goats per pizza.
To open the lesson, show two cups (as in the example above) and ask students to compare
them. Students will likely say that one is smaller than the other or one is larger than the other.
When you ask for a more specific comparison, students will ask for more information about the
cups. Tell them that one holds 8 oz., and the other holds 10 oz. Ask for more comparisons.
Students may say that the smaller cup holds 2 oz. less than the larger cup (this is an additive
comparison). See proportional reasoning misconceptions section.
Through questioning, guide students to compare the capacities of the cups (8:10 or 10:8). Then,
again through questioning, guide students to state the capacity of one cup in relation to the other
(how many times more will cup B hold than cup A? What fractional part of one cup is the
other?)
The following questions may help guide this discussion:
How could you use the capacities of the cups to compare them?
Youve told me that cup B is bigger and by how much. But, can you tell me how many
times bigger one cup is than the other?
How else could you compare the capacities of the two cups? (What fractional part of cup
B is cup A? And vice versa?)
During the work session, students should work with a partner to determine the ratios of each of
the situations presented in the task below. The expectation should be set for students to represent
each situation using a diagram, table, double number line, etc., as well as an equation to show
their mathematical thinking.
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During the closing or summary of the lesson, the teacher should facilitate a discussion of the
problems, allowing students to compare solutions as well as strategies that allowed students to
arrive at those solutions. The most efficient strategies should be shared toward the end, and a
discussion of which strategies were most efficient in solving the problems (and why students
think they were the most efficient) should be one goal of the closing of this lesson. Students
need to see various strategies to connect their own understanding of a concept to other
knowledge. It is important for even the most gifted students to pay attention to all strategies
presented. Often, gifted students can know an answer, but have no idea how they arrived at the
solution. Listening to all strategies can often point them in the direction and help them
understand their own thinking.
DIFFERENTIATION
Extension:
Students who need an extension for this task should compare the ratios another way. For
example, in the goat and pizza context, students can find the ratio of pizzas per goat as well.
Students can also research other, possibly unusual, contexts where ratios are used and write new
problems.
Intervention:
Students who need support should be asked to represent the situation with materials, creating a
physical model of the problem. The teacher can then scaffold students understanding of ratios.
These models should be shared with the class during the classroom discussion at the end of the
lesson.
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Imagine that 12 goats got into a dumpster behind a pizza parlor and ate 3 pizzas. How many
goats per pizza would that be?
Every day 20 banks are robbed for a total of about $50,000. How
much money per bank is that?
,
,
In the world's longest running experiment, scientists have tried to capture tar pitch dripping
on camera. In the past 86 years, 9 drops have formed. How many years per drop is that?
Hippos sometimes get to eat pumpkins as a special treat. If 3 hippos eat 5 pumpkins, how
many pumpkins per hippo is that?
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Imagine that 12 goats got into a dumpster behind a pizza parlor and ate 3 pizzas. How many
goats per pizza would that be?
Every day 20 banks are robbed for a total of about $50,000. How much money per bank is that?
In the world's longest running experiment, scientists have tried to capture tar pitch dripping
on camera. In the past 86 years, 9 drops have formed. How many years per drop is that?
Hippos sometimes get to eat pumpkins as a special treat. If 3 hippos eat 5 pumpkins, how
many pumpkins per hippo is that?
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Ratios and Rates
Back to Task Table
In this task, students will express ratios in various ways and, given non-unit rates, will determine
unit rates.
speed.
and rates.
problems.
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS

What are rates?
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A ratio can be expressed three ways:

2
Using the fraction bar as in
Using a colon symbol as in 2:3

Using the word to as in 2 to 3.
Write each ratio using the other two ways:

1. The ratio of 3 inches to 20 feet.

; 3 inches : 20 feet
2. The ratio of 26 students: 1 class

, 26 students to 1 class
3. The ratio of
2 boys : 3 girls; 2 boys to 3 girls

When the denominator of a rate is 1, we call the rate a unit rate. We usually use the key word
per or the division symbol / to indicate a unit rate. For example: If a student earns $7.65 per
hour, it is the same as $7.65/hour, and means $7.65 for every hour of work.
Find the unit rate for the following:
4. 120 eggs from 20 chickens
6 eggs/chicken
5. $55 for 20 people $2.75/person

6. 250 miles in 4 hours 62.5 miles/hour
7. 60 feet in 4 minutes 15 feet/minute
8. 48 books for 16 students 3 books/student
9. 56 children from 14 families 4 children/family
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Unit rates can also be used to solve problems.

10. Which is the better deal: 8 ounces of shampoo for $0.89 or 12 ounces for $1.47?
$.89/8 oz = $.0742/oz (7 cents per ounce); $1.47/12 oz = $.1225/oz ( 12 cents per
ounce) therefore 8 ounces for $0.89 is a better deal
11. Which is the better deal: 3 cans of soda for $1.27 or 5 cans of soda for $1.79
$1.27/3 cans 42 cents/can; $1.79/5 cans 36 cents/can, therefore 5 cans of soda for
$1.79 is a better deal
12. Which is the better deal: 10 pounds of hamburger for $4.99 or 5 pounds of hamburger for
$2.69
$4.99/10 pounds $.50/pound; $2.69/5 pounds $.54/pound, therefore 10 pounds of
hamburger for $4.99 is a better deal
13. Which is traveling faster: Traveling 300 miles in 5 hours or traveling 250 miles in 4 hours
300 miles/5 hours = 60 miles/hour; 250 miles/4 hours = 62.5 miles/hour, therefore 250
miles in 4 hours is faster
14. Which is traveling faster: Traveling 75 miles in 1 hour or traveling 280 miles in 3.5 hours
75 miles/hour; 280 miles/3.5 hours = 80 miles/hour, therefore 280 miles/3.5 hours is
faster
15. Which is traveling faster: Traveling 150 yards in 40 seconds or traveling 406 feet in 35
seconds
150 yards/40 seconds = 450 feet/40 seconds = 3.75 yards/second or 11.25 feet/second;
406 feet/35 seconds = 11.6 feet/second, therefore 406 yards in 35 seconds is faster (Did
they observe that different units have to be converted to the same unit?)
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Name____________________
Ratios and Rates

A ratio can be expressed three ways:
Using the fraction bar as in

3
Using a colon symbol as in 2:3
Using the word to as in 2 to 3.
Write each ratio using the other two ways:

1. The ratio of 3 inches to 20 feet.
2. The ratio of 26 students: 1 class
3. The ratio of
When the denominator of a rate is 1, we call the rate a unit rate. We usually use the key word
per or the division symbol ( / )to indicate a unit rate. For example: If a student earns $7.65 per
hour, it is the same as $7.65/hour, and means $7.65 for every hour of work.
Find the unit rate for the following:
4. 120 eggs from 20 chickens
5. $55 for 20 people
6. 250 miles in 4 hours
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7. 60 feet in 4 minutes
8. 48 books for 16 students
9. 56 children from 14 families
Unit rates can also be used to solve problems.

10. Which is the better deal: 8 ounces of shampoo for $0.89 or 12 ounces for $1.47
11. Which is the better deal: 3 cans of soda for $1.27 or 5 cans of soda for $1.79
12. Which is the better deal: 10 pounds of hamburger for $4.99 or 5 pounds of hamburger for
$2.69
13. Which is traveling faster: Traveling 300 miles in 5 hours or traveling 250 miles in 4 hours
14. Which is traveling faster: Traveling 75 miles in 1 hour or traveling 280 miles in 3.5 hours
15. Which is traveling faster: Traveling 150 yards in 40 seconds or traveling 406 feet in 35
seconds
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Constant Dimensions
Back to Task Table
Adapted from NCTM Illuminations

In this inquiry-based task, students will discover a proportional relationship between the length
and width of a rectangle and extrapolate that relationship to other units of measure.
quantities in order to express them mathematically. They use Ratio and rate notation as well as
example, does a tape diagram adequately represent a given ratio scenario.
connections.
and rates.
problems.
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INTRODUCTION
Students will measure the length and width of a rectangle using both standard and non-standard
units of measure. In addition to providing measurement practice, this lesson allows students to
discover that the ratio of length to width of a rectangle is constant, in spite of the units. For many
middle school students, this discovery is surprising.
Students will:
Critique various units of measure based on their appropriateness for this particular
activity.
Plot ordered pairs, analyze and make predictions.
Draw conclusions about the relationship of two dimensions based on collected data.
MATERIALS
Rulers (both inches and centimeters)
Alternate units of measure (pennies, paper clips, M&Ms, beads, width of index finger, width of
pencil)
Ask students to measure the length and width of the rectangle in both inches and centimeters.
They should record their measurements in the chart below. At this point, it might be helpful to
ask students to share their measurements to be sure students are on the right track.
After students have measured the rectangle in inches and centimeters, distribute alternative
units of measure, such as paper clips, M&Ms, pennies, beads, etc.
1. Measure the rectangle using five different units and record in the chart below.
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Unit
Inches
Centimeter
Answers will vary
Length
6 inches
17.2 cm
Width
4 inches
11.4 cm
2. Create a list of ordered pairs to represent the measurements of the rectangle you found
(L, W)
(6 , 4 )
(17.2, 11.4)
Etc.
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3. Create a scatter plot of measurements. Use graph paper.

You may want to complete a scatterplot based on student measurements. If pairs of
students have used different units of measure, you may be able to display a scatterplot
with more than six points by aggregating the measurements from the entire class.
4. Do the points appear to be random, or do they seem to follow a pattern?

The points seem to occur in a straight line
5. What appears to be the ratio of Length to Width? 3/2
6. If someone used gumballs to measure the length and width, and their ordered pair were
placed at (22, 10), would we suspect they made a good measurement? What if the
ordered pair had the coordinates (16, 10.5) would that be reasonable? What is your
reasoning?
The point (22, 10) seems to indicate an incorrect measurement because 22/10 is not
equivalent to 3/2. The point (16, 10.5) does seem reasonable because the ratio is close
to 3/2.
7. The length of the rectangle measured approximately 7.9 nickels. What is the width of the
rectangle in nickels?
Approximately 5.3 nickels
8. If the length of the rectangle is 15 wooches, determine the width of the rectangle in
wooches.
Approximately 10 wooches
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Name:________________________________
Constant Dimensions
1. Measure the rectangle using five different units and record in the chart below.
Unit
Inches
Centimeter
Length
Width
2. Create a list of ordered pairs to represent the measurements of the rectangle you found (L,W)
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3. Create a scatter plot of measurements. Use graph paper.
4. Do the points appear to be random, or do they seem to follow a pattern? Explain.
5. What appears to be the ratio of Length to Width?
6. If someone used gumballs to measure the length and width, and their ordered pair were
placed at (22, 10), would we suspect they made a good measurement? What if the ordered
pair had the coordinates (16, 10.5) would that be reasonable? What is your reasoning?
7. The length of the rectangle measured approximately 7.9 nickels. What is the width of the
rectangle in nickels?
8. If the length of the rectangle is 15 wooches, determine the width of the rectangle in wooches.
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** How Many Noses Are In Your Arms?
Back to Task Table
Adapted from: http://www.pbs.org/teachers/mathline/lessonplans/msmp/noses/noses_procedure.shtm
In this task, students will apply the concept of ratio and proportion to determine the length of the
Statue of Libertys torch-bearing arm.
inches?
1. Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. Students use proportional
reasoning to find the lengths on the Statue of Liberty.
2. Reason abstractly and quantitatively. Students understand the relationship between the two
different quantities; The Statue of Liberty and their body measurements. Students use this
relationship to set up proportions.
critique arguments regarding appropriateness of representations given ratio contexts.
connections.
by applying their knowledge of proportions to solve the problem. .
TEACHER NOTES
Students view a photo of the Statue of Liberty and are asked how long the arm would be if the
nose measures 4 feet 6 inches. Given chart paper, string, and rulers, students develop their own
strategy for finding the solution. They measure the length of their nose and the length of their
arm and form a ratio. Using proportions, students compute the length of the statues arm. Group
results are displayed and compared. The actual length of the Statue of Libertys arm is located in
the almanac and compared to the lengths determined by the students.
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MATERIALS
Each Group:
Rulers, String, Almanac, Calculators, Chart paper and colored markers
1. Measure your arm span from finger tip to finger tip. Measure your height. Find the ratio
of your arm span to your height.
Ratio is 1:1
2. Measure the length of your foot and the distance around your fist. Find the ratio of the
length of your foot to the distance around your fist.
Ratio is 1:1
3. Using the picture of the Statue of Liberty and the fact that her nose measures 4 feet 6
inches from the bridge to the tip, determine the length of the Statue of Libertys right
arm, the one holding the torch.
The actual length of her arm is 42 feet
4. What strategy did you use to determine the length of the Statue of Libertys right arm?
Answers will vary, share the variety of strategies with the class. Explore possible
reasons for discrepancies in determining the length of the arm.
5. Is the ratio of the measurement of the length of your nose to the length of your arm the
same as the ratio of the Statue of Libertys?
Answers will vary
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http://channeleye.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Statue-of-Liberty.jpg
Extension: Explore a variety of body part ratios by measuring and then making
conjectures about the average ratio. For instance, have students measure the length of
their head, and then measure their height (using the same unit). Then have students
conjecture about what might be the typical ratio for head length to height. The following
illustration could be used as an activator for such an investigation:
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Name_________________________
How Many Noses Are In Your Arms?

1. Measure your arm span from fingertip to fingertip. Measure your height. Find the ratio of
your arm span to your height.
2. Measure the length of your foot and the distance around your fist. Find the ratio of the
length of your foot to the distance around your fist.
3. Using the picture of the Statue of Liberty and the fact that her nose measures 4 feet 6
inches from the bridge to the tip, determine the length of the Statue of Libertys right
arm, the one holding the torch.
4. What strategy did you use to determine the length of the Statue of Libertys right arm?
5. Is the ratio of the measurement of the length of your nose to the length of your arm the
same as the ratio of the Statue of Libertys?
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Reaching the Goal
Back to Task Table
In this task, students will compare percents with other forms of rational numbers and other types
of numbers
1. Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. Students understand the
relationship between fractions, decimals, and percent to solve the problems.
3. Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others. Students explain the
relationship between fractions, decimals, and percent.
connections.
and rates.
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
How can I tell which form of a rational number is most appropriate in a given situation?
Goal
What is the relationship between fractions, decimals, and percent?
$6000
MATERIALS
colored pencils
TASK COMMENTS
In this task, students will compare percents with other forms of rational numbers
and other types of numbers. Students will also compare the equivalence.
0
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Reaching the Goal

After looking at the scale to the right
Michael said, We have reached 5/8 of our goal.
Juan said, I think we have earned about 60% of the $6,000 we need.
Fiona said, We have earned about $3,500.
Nathan said, You are all close, but none of you are correct.
Nathan is correct.
a) Represent the amount earned as a fraction, as a decimal, as a percent, and as a dollar
amount.
Solution
Students should notice that the diagram is divided into 8 equal parts. The shaded area
covers approximately 4 and one-half eighths or 9/16. The amount earned is 9/16 as a
fraction, .5625 as a decimal, and 56.25%. The dollar amount is 9/16 of $6000 or $3375.
b) Show how you know that the fraction, the percent, the decimal, and the dollar amount
answers are all equivalent in this situation.
Students should show how they converted from one form of rational number to another.
They should also show their work in obtaining the dollar amount.
c) Which 3 of the amounts are always equivalent to each other? Why?
The fraction, decimal and percent are always equivalent because they represent the same
part of 1.
d) Which amount is not always equivalent to the others? Why not?
The dollar amount is not always equivalent to the others because the total dollar amount,
which represents one whole, can change. For example, suppose the goal was $10,000
instead of $6000. Then the dollar amount would be different.
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Name_____________________________
Reaching the Goal

After looking at the scale to the right
Michael said, We have reached 5/8 of our goal.
Juan said, I think we have earned about 60% of the $6,000 we need.
Fiona said, We have earned about $3,500.
Nathan said, You are all close, but none of you are correct.
Nathan is correct.
Goal
$6000
a) Represent the amount earned as a fraction, as a decimal, as a percent, and

as a dollar amount.
b) Show how you know that the fraction, the percent, the decimal, and the
dollar amount answers are all equivalent in this situation.
0
c) Which 3 of the amounts are always equivalent to each other? Why?
d) Which amount is not always equivalent to the others? Why not?
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*Free Throw Warm-up
Back to Task Table
In this task, students will shoot free throws while analyzing and conjecturing about rate
increases and decreases.
2. Reason abstractly and quantitatively. Students will analyze how constancy and change in
the numerator and denominator of a fraction translate to rate increases or decreases.
relationship between ratios and percentages.
8. Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning. Students observe how rates increase
or decrease based on the relationship between free throws made and free throws attempted.
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS

TASK COMMENTS
This task serves as a prelude to the subsequent task, Free Throws. The purpose of this task is to
have students participate in an engaging, hands-on exploration of how rates change when free
throws are made or missed. The concepts emphasized in this task will enable students to realize
that rates always increase when a shot is made and rates always decrease when shots are missed.
In other words, increasing the numerator and denominator by the same amount always results in
a rate increase, while increasing the denominator while keeping the numerator the same always
results in a rate decrease. Students will also investigate these rates in multiple forms (e.g., as
fractions, decimals, and percents).
All Rights Reserved

MATERIALS NEEDED
Large bin (for shooting balls into; place a blanket or pillow in the bin to reduce bouncing)
Ball (tennis ball, foam ball, etc.)
Free Throw Warm-up student recording sheet (attached)
Calculators
DIRECTIONS
Tell students that they will participate in a class free throw activity. Place a large bin in the
center of the classroom. It will be helpful to place a blanket or pillow inside the bin to reduce the
likelihood of the ball bouncing out. You may want to place the bin in a location that will not be
too easy or too difficult to make all of the shot attempts. Ideally, place the bin in a location that
will allow a theoretical probability of about 50% of making each shot (this will allow
rates/percentages to ebb and flow more).
Distribute Free Throw Warm-up student recording sheet and calculators.
Allow each student to take 1 shot attempt (using a tennis ball, foam ball, or some other type of
ball that is not likely to bounce out of the bin or cause damage in the classroom). After each
student takes a shot, have students record the total number of shots made, and then express the
rate of shots made to shots attempted as a fraction, decimal, and percent. Allow students to use a
calculator to convert fractions to decimals/percents. You may want to tell students to round all
decimals to the nearest thousandth and percents to the nearest tenth of a percent.
Be sure to ask students if they can predict whether the rate will increase or decrease before they
even calculate the decimal/percent. With repeated trials, all students should realize that free
throw rates/percents always increase when a shot is made and they always decrease when shots
are missed.
It is very important to pause intermittently and pose questions such as:
If we make the next 3 shot attempts what will be our shot percentage?
If we make ___ of the next ___ shots, what will be our shot percentage?
How many shots will we need to make in the next ___ attempts to increase our shot
percentage to ___?
What is the greatest number of shots we can miss in the next ___ attempts in order to
avoid falling below ___ %?
If we make ___ out of the next ___ shot attempts, will our shot percentage increase or
decrease?
What could be the greatest rate/percentage of shots made from this point out? How do
you know?
What could be the lowest rate/percentage of shots made from this point out? How do you
know?
All Rights Reserved

FREE THROW WARM-UP

Shots
Made
Shots
Attempted
Trial 1
out of
Trial 2
out of
Trial 3
out of
Trial 4
out of
Trial 5
out of
Trial 6
out of
Trial 7
out of
Trial 8
out of
Trial 9
out of
Trial 10
out of
10
Trial 11
out of
11
Trial 12
out of
12
Trial 13
out of
13
Trial 14
out of
14
Trial 15
out of
15
Trial 16
out of
16
Trial 17
out of
17
Trial 18
out of
18
Trial 19
out of
19
Trial 20
out of
20
Trial 21
out of
21
Trial 22
out of
22
Trial 23
out of
23
Trial 24
out of
24
Trial 25
out of
25
Trial 26
out of
26
Trial 27
out of
27
Trial 28
out of
28
Trial 29
out of
29
Trial 30
out of
30
Fraction
Decimal
Percent
Rate Increase or Decrease?
All Rights Reserved

Free Throws
Back to Task Table
In this task, students will solve problems that feature comparison of various rates.
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS

TASK COMMENTS
In this task, students will use ratios to compare two quantities and solve a real-world problem.
1. Juan made 13 out of 20 free throws. If Bonita shoots 25 free throws, whats the minimum
number she has to make in order to have a better free-throw percentage than Juan?
Bonita would need to have made 16 free throws to have the same free-throw percentage
than Juan. She cannot make of a free throw so therefore she would need to make 17
free throws and would have a better free throw percentage.
2. Juan continues to shoot free throws. How many free throws would Juan need to make out of
fifty to have the same percentage that Bonita now has?
Juan has shot twice as many free throws so he would need to make twice as many as
Bonita or 34 free throws.
3. Can Bonita continue to have the same percentage if she shoots 60 free throws? If she shoots
75 free throws? If yes, how many free throws does she need to make?
If she shoots 60 free throws she would need to make 40 4/5 free throws. Since you cannot
make a part of a free throw she would not be able to have the same percentage. If she
shoots 75 free throws she would need to make three times as many as she currently has to
maintain her free throw percentage or 51 made.
All Rights Reserved

Name__________________________
Free Throws
1. Juan made 13 out of 20 free throws. If Bonita shoots 25 free throws, whats the minimum
number she has to make in order to have a better free-throw percentage than Juan?
2. Juan continues to shoot free throws. How many free throws would Juan need to make out
of fifty to have the same percentage that Bonita now has?
3. Can Bonita continue to have the same percentage if she shoots 60 free throws? If she
shoots 75 free throws? If yes, how many free throws does she need to make?
All Rights Reserved

* Comparing Rates
Back to Task Table
Adapted from Navigating Through Number and Operations in Grades 6-8 (2006): NCTM.
In this task, students will reason about changes in rates and make generalizations about what
contributes to changes in rates and how.
relationship between given information and changes in rates.
6. Attend to precision. Students must attend to different units being compared in ratios, being
sure not to mix them up.
8. Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning. Students will make generalizations
about rate changes based on patterns and relationships they notice in the task scenarios.
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS

How can I predict whether a rate will increase, decrease, or stay the same?
What information is necessary to determine if and how a rate might change?
TASK COMMENTS
In this task, students will reason about changes in rates using real-world scenarios. Have
students work in groups. They should read the scenarios and then discuss how to classify them
into 1 of 4 possible categories: 1) Rate Increases; 2) Rate Decreases; 3) Rate Stays the Same; and
4) Not Enough Information to Determine. It will be important for students to engage in
strategies such as guess-and-check, substitution of made up numbers, rate tables, etc. In the
end, during a whole group discussion, students should be asked to make generalizations about
changes in rates (e.g., what changes always result in a rate decrease?).
All Rights Reserved

Problem #1
Damien noticed that the cost of a gallon of gas
changed from last week. Yesterday, he paid
more money for fewer gallons of gas. How did
the cost per gallon change?
Rate Increase
Problem #2
In last nights game, Ray attempted more free
throws than he did the night before, but he
made the same amount of shots on both nights.
Did Rays free throw percentage increase,
decrease, or stay the same or can you not
tell?
Rate Decrease
Problem #3
Michael jogs every day. He keeps a record of
the distance and time it takes him to complete
his runs. On Sunday, he ran a greater distance
and a longer time than he did the day before.
How did his speed change?
Not Enough Information to Determine
Problem #4
Keira is making sweet tea. She mixes some
sugar with tea. After tasting it, she decides to
change the recipe by increasing the amount of
sugar and decreasing the amount of water.
Does the tea now taste sweeter, less sweet, or
the same or can you not tell?
Sweeter
Problem #5
Today, Damien paid less money for the same
amount of gas he purchased yesterday. How
did the cost per gallon change?
Rate Decrease
Problem #6
In tonights game, Ray took more free throw
attempts and made more shots than the night
before. Did Rays free throw percentage
increase, decrease, or stay the same or can
you not tell?
Problem #7
On Monday, Michael ran the same distance he
ran on Sunday, but todays run took longer.
Did his speed increase, decrease, or stay the
same or can you not tell?
Rate Decrease
Problem #8
Kiera decided to make more tea. This time,
she used twice as much sugar as her recipe in
problem 4 and she also doubled the amount of
water. What happened to the taste of her new
tea compared with the taste of the tea she made
in problem 4? Does the tea taste sweeter, less
sweet, or the same or can you not tell?
Stays the Same
Look back at each scenario and the answers you provided. Now, try to make a generalization
about how rates increase, decrease, and stay the same. Use the phrases Rate Increase, Rate
Decrease, Rate Stays the Same, or Not Enough Information to Determine to evaluate each
statement below. Justify your answers by providing examples and/or counterexamples. You
may wish to create your own rate tables to help determine how the rates compare for each
question.
All Rights Reserved

1. For the rate a/b, what happens when both a and b increase?
2. For the rate a/b, what happens when both a and b decrease?
3. For the rate a/b, what happens when a increases and b decreases?
Rate Increase
4. For the rate a/b, what happens when a decreases and b increases?
Rate Decrease
5. For the rate a/b, what happens when a increases and b stays the same?
Rate Increase
6. For the rate a/b, what happens when a decreases and b stays the same?
Rate Decrease
7. For the rate a/b, what happens when a stays the same and b increases?
Rate Decrease
8. For the rate a/b, what happens when a stays the same and b decreases?
Rate Increase
All Rights Reserved

Comparing Rates
Name____________________
Directions: Read each problem. With a partner or partners, discuss whether each rate changes,
and if so, how. You must classify each problem into one of four categories: Rate Increases,
Rate Decreases, Rate Stays the Same, and Not Enough Information to Determine. If you
decide there is not enough information to determine how the rate changes, you must justify your
answer with a possible example.
Problem #1
Damien noticed that the cost of a gallon of gas
changed from last week. Yesterday, he paid
more money for fewer gallons of gas. How did
the cost per gallon change?
Problem #2
In last nights game, Ray attempted more free
throws than he did the night before, but he
made the same amount of shots on both nights.
Did Rays free throw percentage increase,
decrease, or stay the same or can you not
tell?
Problem #3
Michael jogs every day. He keeps a record of
the distance and time it takes him to complete
his runs. On Sunday, he ran a greater distance
and a longer time than he did the day before.
How did his speed change?
Problem #4
Keira is making sweet tea. She mixes some
sugar with tea. After tasting it, she decides to
change the recipe by decreasing the amount of
sugar and increasing the amount of water.
Does the tea now taste sweeter, less sweet, or
the same or can you not tell?
Problem #5
Today, Damien paid less money for the same
amount of gas he purchased yesterday. How
did the cost per gallon change?
Problem #6
In tonights game, Ray took more free throw
attempts and made more shots than the night
before. Did Rays free throw percentage
increase, decrease, or stay the same or can
you not tell?
Problem #7
On Monday, Michael ran the same distance he
ran on Sunday, but todays run took longer.
Did his speed increase, decrease, or stay the
same or can you not tell?
Problem #8
Kiera did not like the tea she made so she
changed her mixture once more. This time, she
used the same amount of sugar as her recipe in
problem 4 but decreased the amount of water.
What happened to the taste of her new tea
compared with the taste of the tea she made in
problem 4? Did the tea taste sweeter, less
sweet, or the same or can you not tell?
All Rights Reserved

Look back at each scenario and the answers you provided. Now, try to make a generalization
about how rates increase, decrease, and stay the same. Use the phrases Rate Increase, Rate
Decrease, Rate Stays the Same, or Not Enough Information to Determine to evaluate each
statement below. Justify your answers by providing examples and/or counterexamples. You
may wish to create your own rate tables to help determine how the rates compare for each
question.
1. For the rate a/b, what happens when both a and b increase?
2. For the rate a/b, what happens when both a and b decrease?
3. For the rate a/b, what happens when a increases and b decreases?
4. For the rate a/b, what happens when a decreases and b increases?
5. For the rate a/b, what happens when a increases and b stays the same?
6. For the rate a/b, what happens when a decreases and b stays the same?
7. For the rate a/b, what happens when a stays the same and b increases?
8. For the rate a/b, what happens when a stays the same and b decreases?
All Rights Reserved

Sharing Costs Traveling To School-Formative Assessment Lesson

Back to Task Table
Source: Formative Assessment Lesson Materials from Mathematics Assessment Project

http://map.mathshell.org/materials/download.php?fileid=1366
In this problem-based task, students will reason about rates and ratios to determine and justify a
solution to an open-ended problem.
TASK COMMENTS
Tasks and lessons from the Mathematics Assessment Project are specifically designed to help
teachers effectively formatively assess their students. The way the tasks and lessons are designed
gives the teacher a clear understanding of what the students are able to do and not do. Within the
lesson, teachers will find suggestions and question prompts that will help guide students towards
understanding. For more information access the MAP website:
http://www.map.mathshell.org/materials/background.php?subpage=formative
The task, Sharing Costs: Traveling to School, is a Formative Assessment Lesson (FAL) that can
be found at the
website: http://map.mathshell.org/materials/lessons.php?taskid=489&subpage=problem
The FAL document provides a clear lesson design, from the opening of the lesson to the closing
of the lesson.
The PDF version of the task can be found at the link below:
MGSE6.RP.2 Understand the concept of a unit rate / associated with a ratio : with 0
(b not equal to zero), and use rate language in the context of a ratio relationship.
MGSE6.RP.3a Make tables of equivalent ratios relating quantities with whole-number
measurements, find missing values in the tables, and plot the pairs of values on the coordinate
plane. Use tables to compare ratios.
All Rights Reserved

speed.
inches?
This lesson uses all of the practices with emphasis on:
1. Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them.
2. Reason abstractly and quantitatively.
4. Model with mathematics.
All Rights Reserved

Optimizing Security Cameras - Formative Assessment Lesson

Back to Task Table
Source: Formative Assessment Lesson Materials from Mathematics Assessment Project

In this problem-based task, students will reason about ratios and percents to determine and
justify a solution to an open-ended problem.
TASK COMMENTS
Tasks and lessons from the Mathematics Assessment Project are specifically designed to help
teachers effectively formatively assess their students. The way the tasks and lessons are designed
gives the teacher a clear understanding of what the students are able to do and not do. Within the
lesson, teachers will find suggestions and question prompts that will help guide students towards
understanding. For more information access the MAP website:
http://www.map.mathshell.org/materials/background.php?subpage=formative
The task, Optimizing: Security Cameras, is a Formative Assessment Lesson (FAL) that can be
found at the
website: http://map.mathshell.org/materials/lessons.php?taskid=482&subpage=problem
The FAL document provides a clear lesson design, from the opening of the lesson to the closing
of the lesson.
The PDF version of the task can be found at the link below:
MGSE6.RP.2 Understand the concept of a unit rate / associated with a ratio : with 0
(b not equal to zero), and use rate language in the context of a ratio relationship.
MGSE6.RP.3a Make tables of equivalent ratios relating quantities with whole-number
measurements, find missing values in the tables, and plot the pairs of values on the coordinate
plane. Use tables to compare ratios.
All Rights Reserved

speed.
inches?
This lesson uses all of the practices with emphasis on:
1. Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them.
2. Reason abstractly and quantitatively.
3. Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others.
4. Model with mathematics.
All Rights Reserved

Ice Cream or Cake?
Back to Task Table
In this problem-based task, students will reason about rates and percents.
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS

Where do we see fractions, decimals, and percents being used in the real-world?
Suppose you survey all the students at your school to find out whether they like ice cream or
cake better as a dessert, and you record your results in the contingency table below.
boys
girls
totals
ice cream
82
85
167
cake
63
70
133
totals
145
155
300
a) What percentage of students at your school prefers ice cream over cake?
We know that there are 300 students at the school and 167/300 56/100 of them prefer
ice cream. Therefore this means that about 56% of the students prefer ice cream.
b) At your school, are those preferring ice cream more likely to be boys or girls?
Those who prefer ice cream are more likely to be girls since, in this survey, there are
more girls who like ice cream than boys.
All Rights Reserved

c) At your school, are girls more likely to choose ice cream over cake than boys are?
To identify the group more likely to choose ice cream over cake, we first find the
percentage of girls who prefer ice cream and the percentage of boys who prefer ice
cream.
There are 155 total girls, and 85 of them prefer ice cream. Calculate the percentage of
the boys that prefer ice cream.
Therefore, boys (57%) are more likely than girls (55%) to prefer ice cream.
Even though an ice cream lover is more likely to be a girl than a boy, we cannot
conclude that the chance of preferring ice cream is greater among girls than among
boys. (This sort of false conclusion is common in public discourse.)
All Rights Reserved

Name__________________________
Ice Cream or Cake?

Suppose you survey all the students at your school to find out whether they like ice cream or
cake better as a dessert, and you record your results in the contingency table below.
boys
girls
totals
ice cream
82
85
167
cake
63
70
133
totals
145
155
300
a) What percentage of students at your school prefers ice cream over cake?
b) At your school, are those preferring ice cream more likely to be boys or girls?
c) At your school, are girls more likely to choose ice cream over cake than boys are?
All Rights Reserved

Culminating Task: The Rocky Mountain Vacation Trip Problem

Back to Task Table

speed.
inches?
example, does a tape diagram adequately represent a given ratio scenario?
All Rights Reserved

connections.
and rates.
problems.
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS

How can I tell if a relationship is multiplicative?
What is the difference between a multiplicative and an additive relationship?
What are equivalent ratios?
What are rates?
What are percentages?
All Rights Reserved

The Rocky Mountain Vacation Trip Problem

William was driving with his father, Mr. Pitts, into the Rocky Mountains. The distance to the
camp site is 180 miles one way. Their car has a trip computer that gives information during the
trip. William read the cars manual to help him interpret what the different gauges were showing.
Note: It is important that students thoroughly understand the meaning of the dashboard
display.
Understanding the Features of Your Trip Computer

Outside Temp: The temperature outside
the car (in degrees Fahrenheit)
Height: Altitude or height above sea levelin feet
Average Fuel Economy:

The number of miles driven divided by the
number of gallons used miles per gallon
(mpg)
Distance to Empty:
An estimate of the amount of miles you can
drive with the fuel in the tank, taking into
account the present rate of fuel
consumption-in miles
Trip start 00.0.

Fuel: Fuel in tank (in gallons)
Trip Odometer: Distance driven on this

trip (in miles)
Note: Some students will need reminding of ratio tables, proportional relationships, and
constants of proportionality. Other students will need support in discussion of the quantities
associated with car travel.
Start of the Trip:
Outside Temp
60
AVG. Fuel Economy
00.0 MPG
TRIP COMPUTER
Height
1,000 feet
Distance to Empty
425 miles
Fuel
17 GAL
Trip Odometer
000
TRIP COMPUTER
Height
1,275 feet
Distance to Empty
240 miles
Fuel
16 GAL
Trip Odometer
015 miles
After 20 minutes:
Outside Temp
58
Avg. Fuel Economy
15.0
All Rights Reserved

1. What changed during the first 20 minutes? Explain the changes.

The outside temperature dropped 2 degrees, the altitude went up 275 feet, one gallon of
gas was used at a rate of 15 mile/gallon. The distance to empty dropped 185 miles in 15
miles.
2. Explain how the distance to empty has dropped from 425 miles to 240 miles in just 20
minutes of driving time.
Instead of making the anticipated miles per gallon the car was only making 15
miles/gallon resulting in a drop of the number of miles the car could go on the
remaining amount of gas.
3. Predict how the display may look after another 20 minutes.
Answers will vary based upon whether the students believe the car will continue to
travel uphill as it did in the first 20 minutes. If so the air temp would drop to 56, the
height would be 1,550 feet, fuel would show 15 GAL, the Avg. Fuel Economy would
not change, the Distance to Empty would be 225 and the Trip Odometer would be 30
miles.
Temperature
From the computer display, you can see that William and his father started their trip at 1,000 feet
above sea level, with the outside temperature of 60F. Williams father used a simple rule of
thumb to get a feeling for the temperature up on the mountain.
For every 3,000 feet you gain in altitude, the temperature drops 20F.
4.
Twenty minutes into the trip, did the display agree with Mr. Pitts rule of thumb?
Using the rule of thumb we would expect the temperature would drop 2 F for an
increase of 300 ft. It is close.
5. William and his dad plan to camp at 8,000 feet. What should they expect the
temperature to be at that altitude? Illustrate the relationship.
13o F.
6. Complete the table.
Height
(ft)
Air
Temp(F)
66
1,000 2,000
60
53
3,000
46
4,000 5,000
40
33
6,000
26
7,000 8,000
20
13
7. Is the relationship a proportional relationship? Explain

Yes, the ratio between each is the same.
All Rights Reserved
9,000 10,000

8. What should the temperature be when they are at 6,500 feet?

The temperature should be half way between the temperature for 6,000 ft and 7,000 ft,
or 23o F
9. At what altitude will the temperature be at freezing (32F)?
According to the table, just slightly over 5,000 feet.
Fuel Consumption
From the cars manual, William knows that at 55 mph on a level road, the car gets 25mpg. The
cars gas tank holds 17 gallons. Furthermore, William knows that the one-way distance to the
camp site is 180 miles, and that there are no gas stations on the trip.
10. William says, Dad, we have plenty of fuel to make the return trip.
Do you agree? Can you explain his reasoning?
To travel 180 miles at 25 mpg it should only take 7 gallons of gas.
11. When driving on the mountain road, the average fuel economy (mpg) goes down
dramatically. Dad says, When going uphill in the mountains, the car will get about 15
miles per gallon.
Explain why the display labeled Distance to Empty indicated 75 miles when William
and his dad reached the camp site, 180 miles after starting.
To travel 180 miles going uphill at 15 mpg it would take 12 gallons of gas leaving 5
gallons in the tank. At 15 mpg the remaining 5 gallons would get you 75 miles.
12. Explain why it was still possible to make the return trip with so little fuel left.
The car would travel 125 miles on the remaining 5 gallons if they were traveling on
level ground. Since they will be going downhill the car should get better gas mileage.
13. Copy and complete this table showing the fuel used on the uphill trip.
Journey
(distance in miles)
Fuel Used
(gallons)
Fuel in Tank
(gallons)
15
30
60
120
135
150
180
10
12
17
16
15
13
All Rights Reserved

14. Make a similar table showing the fuel used on the downhill trip, assuming the car got 45
mpg.
Journey
(distance in miles)
Fuel Used
(gallons)
Fuel in Tank
(gallons)
45
90
135
180
15. Will the car complete the round trip on one tank of gasoline, running at 15 mpg uphill
and 45 mpg downhill? Justify your answer.
Yes, the car will complete the trip with a gallon to spare based upon the table above.
All Rights Reserved

Name_______________________
The Rocky Mountain Vacation Trip Problem

William was driving with his father, Mr. Pitts, into the Rocky Mountains. The distance to the
camp site is 180 miles one way. Their car has a trip computer that gives information during the
trip. William read the cars manual to help him interpret what the different gauges were showing.
Understanding the Features of Your Trip Computer

Outside Temp: The temperature outside
the car (in degrees Fahrenheit)
Height: Altitude or height above sea levelin feet
Average Fuel Economy:

The number of miles driven divided by the
number of gallons used miles per gallon
(mpg)
Distance to Empty:
An estimate of the amount of miles you can
drive with the fuel in the tank, taking into
account the present rate of fuel
consumption-in miles
Trip start 00.0.

Fuel: Fuel in tank (in gallons)
Trip Odometer: Distance driven on this

trip (in miles)
Start of the Trip:

Outside Temp
60
AVG. Fuel Economy
00.0 MPG
TRIP COMPUTER
Height
1,000 feet
Distance to Empty
425 miles
Fuel
17 GAL
Trip Odometer
000
TRIP COMPUTER
Height
1,275 feet
Distance to Empty
240 miles
Fuel
16 GAL
Trip Odometer
015 miles
After 20 minutes:
Outside Temp
58
Avg. Fuel Economy
15.0
All Rights Reserved

1. What changed during the first 20 minutes? Explain the changes.
2. Explain how the distance to empty has dropped from 425 miles to 240 miles in just 20
minutes of driving time.
3. Predict how the display may look after another 20 minutes.
Temperature
From the computer display, you can see that William and his father started their trip at 1,000 feet
above sea level, with the outside temperature of 60F. Williams father used a simple rule of
thumb to get a feeling for the temperature up on the mountain.
For every 3,000 feet you gain in altitude, the temperature drops 20F.
4.
Twenty minutes into the trip, did the display agree with Mr. Pitts rule of thumb?
5. William and his dad plan to camp at 8,000 feet. What should they expect the
temperature to be at that altitude? Illustrate the relationship.
6. Complete the table.

Height(ft)
1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000
Air
Temp(F)
7. Is the relationship a proportional relationship? Explain.
8.
What should the temperature be when they are at 6500 feet?
9. At what altitude will the temperature be at freezing (32F)?
All Rights Reserved

Fuel Consumption
From the cars manual, William knows that at 55 mph on a level road, the car gets 25mpg. The
cars gas tank holds 17 gallons. Furthermore, William knows that the one-way distance to the
camp site is 180 miles, and that there are no gas stations on the trip.
10. William says, Dad, we have plenty of fuel to make the return trip.
Do you agree? Can you explain his reasoning?
11. When driving on the mountain road, the average fuel economy (mpg) goes down
dramatically. Dad says, When going uphill in the mountains, the car will get about 15
miles per gallon.
Explain why the display labeled Distance to Empty indicated 75 miles when William
and his dad reached the camp site, 180 miles after starting.
12. Explain why it was still possible to make the return trip with so little fuel left.
13. Copy and complete this table showing the fuel used on the uphill trip.
Journey
0
15
30
60
120
135
150
(distance in miles)
Fuel Used
0
(gallons)
Fuel in Tank
17
(gallons)
180
14. Make a similar table showing the fuel used on the downhill trip, assuming the car got 45
mpg.
15. Will the car complete the round trip on one tank of gasoline, running at 15 mpg uphill
and 45 mpg downhill? Justify your answer.
All Rights Reserved

*Unit Web Links

https://www.illustrativemathematics.org/content-standards/6/RP/A/1/tasks
http://nzmaths.co.nz/resource/ratios-and-rates
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/mathsfile/shockwave/games/fish.html
http://mathsnacks.com/baddate-en.html
http://illuminations.nctm.org/Lesson.aspx?id=1110
http://nzmaths.co.nz/resource/ratios-and-rates
http://www.learner.org/courses/learningmath/number/support/lmg8.pdf
Understanding Tape Diagrams and Double Number Lines (Teacher Link)
Understanding Tape Diagrams (Teacher Link)
Dan Meyer:
http://www.101qs.com/2841-nanas-paint-mixup
http://threeacts.mrmeyer.com/sugarpackets/
http://threeacts.mrmeyer.com/leakyfaucet/
http://threeacts.mrmeyer.com/nana/
http://mrmeyer.com/threeacts/superbear/
http://mrmeyer.com/threeacts/showervbath/
http://mrmeyer.com/threeacts/printjob/
http://threeacts.mrmeyer.com/splittime/
Estimation180:
http://www.estimation180.com/day-127.html
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PARCC Prototype Task: Gasoline Consumption
speed.
NCTM Illuminations:
NZmaths:
http://nzmaths.co.nz/search/node/percents
OpenMiddle:
http://www.openmiddle.com/interpretting-percentages/
Estimation180:
inches?
OpenMiddle:
http://www.openmiddle.com/converting-between-fahrenheit-and-celsius/
PARCC Prototype Item: Slide Ruler
How Many Football Fields is 10 Miles? by Andrew Stadel
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Gse Math Unit 2

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Georgia

Georgia Department of Education

*Arcade Basketball Insanity ........................................................................... 13

*Unit Web Links ......................................................................................................... 78

Georgia Department of Education

gain a deeper understanding of proportional reasoning through instruction and practice

STANDARDS FOR MATHEMATICAL PRACTICE

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STANDARDS FOR MATHEMATICAL CONTENT

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What kinds of problems can I solve by using ratios?

CONCEPTS & SKILLS TO MAINTAIN

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flexibly use a combination of deep understanding, number sense, and memorization.

For more about fluency, see: http://www.youcubed.org/wpcontent/uploads/2015/03/FluencyWithoutFear-2015.pdf and: http://joboaler.com/timed-testsand-the-development-of-math-anxiety/

STRATEGIES FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

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thinking about multiplicative situations instead of indiscriminately applying rules. Students

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Georgia Department of Education

SELECTED TERMS AND SYMBOLS

Percent: A fraction or ratio in which the denominator is 100. A number compared to

Proportion: An equation which states that two ratios are equal.

Rate: A comparison of two quantities that have different units of measure

Ratio: compares quantities that share a fixed, multiplicative relationship.

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Unit Ratio: are ratios written as some number to 1.

Quantity: is an amount that can be counted or measured.

INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES AND TOOLS

100 grids (10 x 10) for modeling percent

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT LESSONS (FAL)

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Ratios, Rates, and Unit

Ratios, Rates, and Unit

Ratios, Rates, and Unit

Ratios, Rates, and Unit

Ratios and Rates

Ratios, Rates, and Unit

**How Many Noses

Ratios and Proportions

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Fractions, ratios, and

Ratio and Proportions

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* Arcade Basketball Insanity

Back to Task Table

Task adapted from brianlack.wordpress.com

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What conditions help to recognize and represent proportional relationships between

Videos for Arcade Basketball Insanity: 3-Act task (linked below)

Georgia Department of Education

The man on the left makes 15 shots in the first 6 seconds.

There are 34 seconds remaining in the game.

Show students the Act-3

Reveal the answer (He makes 85 shots in the last 34 seconds).

How appropriate was your initial estimate?

Revisit any initial student questions that werent answered.

Formative Assessment Questions

Georgia Department of Education