OFFICE OF THE GENERAL COUNSEL

MEMORANDUM GC 15-06
TO:

All Regional Directors, Officers-in-Charge,

and Resident Officers

FROM:

Richard F. Griffin, Jr., General Counsel

Date: April 6, 2015

SUBJECT: Guidance Memorandum on Representation Case Procedure Changes

Effective April 14, 2015

I. INTRODUCTION
On December 15, 2014, the Board adopted a final rule' that will modify in certain
respects the procedures applicable to the processing of representation cases. These changes are
scheduled to go into effect on April 14, 2015 and will apply to all representation cases filed on or
after that date. Representation cases filed before April 14, 2015 will continue to be processed
using the rules in effect before April 14, 2015.
In adopting the final rule the Board explained that the amendments made by the final rule
remove unnecessary barriers to the fair and expeditious resolution of representation cases,
simplify representation-case procedures, codify best practices, and make them more transparent
and uniform across regions. Duplicative and unnecessary litigation is eliminated; unnecessary
delay is reduced; procedures for Board review are simplified; and rules about documents and
communications are modernized in light of changing technology. The Board adopted these
amendments to provide targeted solutions to discrete, specifically identified problems to enable
the Board to better fulfill its duty to protect employees' rights by fairly, efficiently, and
expeditiously resolving questions of representation.2
Neither the final rule, nor this memorandum, establishes new timeframes for conducting
elections or issuing decisions. We will not be able to fully assess what impact the rule will have
on the overall timing of elections until we have had some experience processing representation
petitions under the final rule. Regions should continue to process representation petitions and
conduct elections expeditiously, consistent with the Board's Rules.
The Agency is committed to providing ongoing guidance about the procedures that will
govern the processing of representation cases after the implementation of the final rule.3 The

79 Fed. Reg. 74308.

2

See 79 Fed. Reg. 74308.

Documents that will be available on the Agency website to the assist in implementing the final rule
include: tillable forms; sample completed forms; a document explaining the required format of the initial
list and the voter list; and answers to frequently asked questions.

2
guidance provided in this memorandum is intended to explain, as clearly as possible, how
representation cases will be processed from beginning to end, incorporating both the final rule
changes and the procedures that remain unchanged. Where inconsistent, this memorandum
supersedes the instructions in the Agency's manuals and other guidance, which will be updated
in the near future. Although there may be issues about the implementation of the final rule that
will require subsequent resolution, I am confident that the guidance provided herein will allow
regions to implement the final rule effectively and efficiently. I am also confident that the
dedication and professionalism consistently demonstrated by the personnel in the Agency's field
offices will be exhibited in the implementation of the Board's new representation procedures.
A Committee comprised of senior managers from the Field and Headquarters carefully
reviewed the final rule and identified and developed guidance for implementing it.4 This
memorandum describes the changes made by the final rule and provides guidance to Agency
personnel, parties, practitioners, and other stakeholders on how the final rule will impact
representation case processing from the initial processing through certification.
II. INITIAL PROCESSING OF THE PETITION
A. Final Rule Changes to Initial Processing Procedures
The final rule makes the following changes to the initial processing of petitions:
O 102.60 requires the petitioner to serve the petition, a Statement of Position form, and
a Description of Representation Case Procedures form on the employer and all other parties
named in the petition and to file a certificate of service with the Region concerning those
documents.
O 102.60 provides that representation case petitions may be E-Filed.
O 102.61 provides that, when filed, the petition must be accompanied by the
petitioner's showing of interest.
O 102.61 requires that petitions in RC, RD, and RM cases include the name and
contact information of the individual who will serve as the petitioner's representative and accept
service of all papers in the representation proceeding and the type, date(s), time(s), and
location(s) of election sought by the petitioner.
O 102.63(a) provides that within 2 business days after service of the notice of hearing,
the employer must post a Notice of Petition for Election. The employer must also distribute the
notice electronically if the employer customarily communicates with its employees
electronically. It also provides that the pre-election hearing will generally be scheduled to open 8
4

The members of the Committee are: Region 14 Director Dan Hubbel; Region 18 Director Marlin
stilt's; Region 5 Regional Attorney Paula Sawyer; Region 25 Assistant to the Regional Director Pat
Nachand; Region 27 Assistant to the Regional Director Kelly Selvidge; Region 4 Deputy Regional
Attorney Richard Heller; Region 7 Supervisory Field Examiner Elizabeth Kerwin; Region 2 Field
Attorney Burt Pearlstone; Region 7 Field Examiner Ethan Ray; Senior Advisor Celeste Mattina; Assistant
General Counsel Aaron Kush; Assistant General Counsel Dottie Wilson; and Deputy Assistant General
Counsel Dolores Boda,

3
days from the notice of hearing, and 102.64(c) provides that the hearing will continue from day
to day until completed unless the regional director concludes that extraordinary circumstances
warrant otherwise.
102.63(b) requires non-petitioning parties to file a Statement of Position form before
the hearing that identifies the issues they wish to litigate at the hearing and if they contend the
proposed unit is not appropriate, the classifications, locations or other employee groupings that
must be added to or excluded from the unit to make it an appropriate unit. The employer must
also include an alphabetized electronic list(s) of employees with the full names, work locations,
shifts, and job classifications of all individuals in the proposed unit and, if the employer claims
the unit is inappropriate, a separate list of the full names, work locations, shifts, and job
classifications of all individuals the employer claims should be added to the proposed unit in
order to make it an appropriate unit. The employer must also separately indicate any individuals
on the list whom it believes must be excluded from the proposed unit to make it an appropriate
unit. Non-petitioning parties must also list those individuals whose eligibility to vote they intend
to contest at the pre-election hearing and the basis for each such contention.
102,61(f) and 102.114(g) allow the showing of interest to be submitted by facsimile
transmission.
B. Serving and Filing a Petition - 102.60, 102.61 and 102.63(a)
Petition Forms: Petition forms in RC, RD, and RM cases have been revised to include
the name and contact information of the individual who will be the petitioner's representative
and accept service of all papers for purposes of the representation proceeding. The petition
forms also include the petitioner's position on the type, date(s), time(s), and location(s) of
election sought. To accommodate this additional information and ensure that the form remains
readable, the petition form has been changed from one form where the petitioner checked a box
to indicate the purpose of the petition (certification, decertification, unit clarification, etc,) to
separate forms for RC, RD, RM, UC, UD, AC, and WH cases. All forms are available on the
NLRB's website and in the NLRB's regional offices.
Service: To ensure the earliest possible notice of the filing of a petition and the Statement
of Position requirement, a petitioner in an RC, RD, or RM case must serve on all parties named
in the petition (1) a copy of its petition; (2) a Description of Representation Case Procedures
(Form NLRB-4812); and (3) a Statement of Position form (Form NLRB-505). Both the
Description of Procedures form and the Statement of Position form will be available on the
NLRB website and in the regional offices. If the petition is E-Filed (through the Board's
website, www.nlrb.gov), the petitioner must serve the petition and forms on the parties by
electronic mail (email), if possible. If a party does not have the ability to receive electronic
service, that party must be notified by telephone of the substance of the transmitted document
and a copy of the document must be served by personal service no later than the next day, by
overnight delivery service, or, with the permission of the party receiving the document, by
facsimile transmission.5 If the petition is filed by facsimile, 102.114(h) of the Board's Rules
requires that service on the parties must be made in the same way as used to file the document, or
in a more expeditious manner. When a party cannot be served by facsimile, or chooses not to
5

See IO2.1 14(a) and (i).

4
accept service by facsimile, the party must be notified personally or by telephone of the
substance of the transmitted document and a copy of the document shall be served by personal
service or overnight delivery service.
Filing: The petitioner may file the petition by E-Filing, by facsimile, by mail, or in
person at one of the NLRB's field offices. The petition should be filed with the regional director
for the regional office in which the proposed or actual bargaining unit exists. If the bargaining
unit exists in two or more regions, it may be filed in any of those regions.

At the time of filing its petition, a petitioner seeking certification as the collectivebargaining representative (an RC case) or seeking to decertify an incumbent representative (an
RD case) must provide the NLRB (but not the parties), evidence of employee interest in an
election ("showing of interest"). This evidence is usually in the form of cards or signature
sheets, which must be dated, authorizing the labor organization to represent the employees or
providing that the employees no longer wish to be represented by the incumbent union.6 If a
petition is filed by an employer (an RM case), the petitioner must provide, at the same time it
files its petition, proof of a demand for recognition by the labor organization named in the
petition or evidence supporting a statement of good faith uncertainty about majority support for
an existing representative. If the showing of interest is E-Filed or faxed, the original of the showing
of interest documents must be received by the regional office no later than 2 business days after the
E-Filing or facsimile filing.' If the E-Filed or faxed showing of interest is not followed by original
documents containing handwritten signatures within 2 business days, the region will dismiss the
petition.8
The petition may be amended before and during the hearing in the discretion of the
regional director. If amended prior to the hearing, the petitioner should serve the amended
petition on the other parties.
C. Docketing the Petition and Issuance of a Notice of Hearing - 102.61 and
102.63(a)
A petition will not be docketed by the NLRB unless it is accompanied by both the
showing of interest (original or electronically filed or faxed) and the required certificate of
service showing that the petition, the Statement of Position form, and the Description of
Representation Case Procedures form have been served on all the parties named in the petition.
Upon filing, the petition is reviewed in the regional office for sufficiency and the showing of
interest is checked to ensure that the petition is supported by at least 30 percent of the employees
in the proposed unit. If both the petition and the showing are sufficient, the petition is given a
case number, and assigned to a Board agent to process. RC, RD, or RM petitions should be
The Board directed the General Counsel to conduct an analysis, which is ongoing, of whether a
practicable way exists for the Board to accept electronic signatures to support a showing of interest, while
adequately safeguarding the important public interests involved.

See 102.61(f). Although the final rule says "2 days" instead of "2 business days," because the
specified time is less than 7 days, pursuant to 102.111(a), the time is effectively 2 business days and is
written that way here for clarity.
See 79 Fed. Reg. 74329.

5
assigned the highest docketing priority. A petitioner generally can expect that a petition received
by noon will be served that same business day by the region.
A docket letter that transmits the petition, a Notice of Representation Hearing, a Notice of
Petition for Election (Form 5492), a Description of Procedures in Representation Cases (Form
NLRB-4812), and the Statement of Position (Form NLRB-505) is prepared for each party.
However, a notice of hearing will not be included if it is apparent that dismissal of the petition is
appropriate, for example if the petition is untimely filed. The region will mark the
correspondence "Urgent," send the docket letter and all attachments by regular mail, and, to give
the parties the earliest notice of the hearing and their obligations, will also send these documents
by either email or facsimile transmission if available. If no email or facsimile number is listed
on the petition, the region will attempt to obtain one to send these documents. In addition, the
Board agent will attempt to contact the parties promptly after sending the documents to confirm
their receipt and discuss processing the petition.
Except in cases presenting unusually complex issues, the regional director9 will set the
hearing on the eighth day after service of the notice of hearing, excluding intervening holidays.
If the eighth day falls on a Federal holiday or weekend, the hearing will be scheduled for the next
business day. The hearing will continue from day to day until completed unless the regional
director concludes that extraordinary circumstances warrant otherwise. ' The docket letters will
inform the parties that we will continue to explore all potential areas of agreement in order to
reach an election agreement and to eliminate or limit the costs associated with formal hearings.
Both the docket letter and the Notice of Representation Hearing will specify the due date
for the Statement of Position, which will be noon on the business day before the opening of the
hearing if the hearing is set to open 8 days from service of the notice of hearing. If the hearing is
set to open more than 8 days from the service of the notice, the regional director may set the due
date for the position statement earlier than at noon on the business day before the hearing.
However, parties will have at least 7 days notice of the due date for completion of the Statement
of Position form in all cases. The Statement of Position form generally will be due no later than
noon (in the time zone of the region issuing the Notice of Hearing) on the business day before
the hearing so that it may serve its intended purposes of facilitating entry into election
agreements and narrowing the scope of any hearing that must be held, thereby enabling the
Board to expeditiously resolve questions concerning representation,
Form NLRB-4812, which accompanies the docket letter and describes the procedures in
representation cases, has been revised to reflect the changes described here and is available on
the NLRB's website,
After the docket letters have been sent to the parties, the region should ensure that the EFiled or faxed showing of interest is followed by original documents containing handwritten
signatures within 2 business days. If not received, the region will dismiss the petition.

Any reference in this memorandum to the regional director includes an acting regional director.

io See discussion below in Section V.L.

6
D. Notice of Petition for Election - 102.63(a)(2)
The employer is sent a Notice of Petition for Election with the docket letter and is
notified that, within 2 business days after service of the notice of hearing, the employer must post
the Notice of Petition for Election in conspicuous places, including all places where notices to
employees are customarily posted. The Notice of Petition for Election must be posted so all
pages are simultaneously visible. If the employer customarily communicates with all the
employees in the petitioned-for unit through electronic means, the employer must also distribute
the Notice of Petition for Election electronically to the entire unit. If the employer customarily
communicates with only some of the employees in the petitioned-for unit through electronic
means, then the employer must distribute the Notice of Petition for Election electronically to
those employees."
The employer must maintain the posting of the Notice of Petition for Election until the
petition is dismissed or withdrawn or the Notice of Petition for Election is replaced by the Notice
of Election. Failure to properly post or distribute the Notice of Petition for Election may be
grounds for setting aside the election whenever proper and timely objections are filed.
E. Statement of Position - 102.63(b)
The Statement of Position form solicits information that will facilitate entry into election
agreements or streamline the pre-election hearing if the parties are unable to enter into an
election agreement. In RC cases, a Statement of Position must be filed by the employer; in RD
and RM cases, a Statement of Position must be filed by the employer and the union. The Board
did not require that an intervenor file a Statement of Position, but indicated that the regional
director has discretion to impose this requirement on an intervenor.12
If a party contends as part of its Statement of Position that the proposed unit is not
appropriate, the party will be required to state the basis for its contention that the proposed unit is
inappropriate, and state the classifications, locations, or employee groupings that must be added
to or excluded from the proposed unit to make it an appropriate unit. As part of their Statement
of Position, the parties must also identify any other individuals whose eligibility they intend to
challenge at the pre-election hearing and the basis of each such contention. As part of its
Statement of Position form, the employer will also provide an alphabetized list of the full names,
work locations, shifts, and job classifications of all individuals in the proposed unit. If the
employer contends that the proposed unit is not appropriate, the employer must separately list the
same information for all individuals that the employer contends must be added to the proposed
unit to make it an appropriate unit, and must further indicate those individuals, if any, whom it
believes must be excluded from the proposed unit to make it an appropriate unit.
The employer must submit the list in an electronic format approved by the General
Counsel, unless the employer certifies that it does not have the capacity to produce the list in the
required format. I have concluded that, for ease of access of the data, the lists must be filed in
common, everyday electronic file formats that are searchable. The lists must be in a table in a
' I See 79 Fed. Reg. 74379.
12

See 79 Fed. Reg. 74375, flu. 325 and 74383.

7
Microsoft Word file (.doc or docx) or a file that is compatible with Microsoft Word. The first
column of the table must begin with each employee's last name and the list must be alphabetized
(overall or by department) by last name. The font size of the list must be the equivalent of Times
New Roman 10 or larger. That font does not need to be used but the font must be that size or
larger. A sample, optional form for the list is provided on the NLRB website at
1141/W. nfrb.gov/what-we-clokonduct-elections.
Ordinarily, the Statement of Position must be filed with the regional office and served on
the other parties such that it is received by them by noon on the business day before the opening
of the hearing. The Statement of Position form may be E-Filed, but unlike other E-Filed
documents, will not be timely if filed on the due date but after noon in the time zone specified in
the Notice of Representation Hearing.
F. Requests for Postponement of Hearing and Extension of Time to Submit
Statement of Position - 102.63(a) and (b)
If a party wishes to postpone the hearing, it may make a request to the regional director.
The regional director may postpone the hearing for up to 2 business days upon request of a party
showing special circumstances and for more than 2 business days upon request of a party
showing extraordinary circumstances. A party wishing to request a postponement should make
the request in writing and set forth in detail the grounds for the request. The request should be
filed with the regional director and should include the positions of the other parties regarding the
postponement. E-Filing the request is preferred, but not required. A copy of the request must be
served simultaneously on all the other parties, and that fact must be noted in the request. The
regional director also has discretion to postpone the hearing when the regional director concludes
that it is highly probable that the parties will be able to enter into an election agreement. I3
A request to postpone the hearing will not automatically be treated as a request for an
extension of the Statement of Position due date. If a party wishes to request both a postponement
of the hearing and a postponement of the Statement of Position due date, the request must make
that clear and must specify the reasons that postponements of both are sought. The regional
director may postpone the time for filing and serving the Statement of Position for up to 2
business days upon request of a party showing special circumstances and for more than 2
business days upon request of a party showing extraordinary circumstances.
G. Dismissal or Withdrawal of Petition
The petitioner may be asked to withdraw its petition if the investigation discloses, for
example, that further processing is inappropriate because of a lack of jurisdiction or because the
petition is untimely. A regional director may approve a petitioner's oral request to withdraw a
petition. If the petitioner refuses to withdraw the petition, the regional director may dismiss it
and advise the petitioner of the right to request review by the Board of the regional director's
dismissal.

13

See 79 Fed. Reg. 74424.

8
III. ELECTION AGREEMENTS
A. Types of Election Agreements
By entering into an election agreement, the parties can avoid the time and expense of
participating in a pre-election hearing, Three types of agreements are available to resolve
representation issues: (1) a consent election agreement which provides that the regional
director's rulings on challenged ballots and election objections are final and binding; (2) a full
consent agreement, which provides for final regional director determination of both pre-election
and post-election disputes; and (3) a stipulated election agreement, under which the regional
director will resolve any post-election disputes subject to discretionary Board review. In about
90 percent of the cases, with Board agent assistance, the parties enter into an election agreement
that specifies the appropriate unit, the payroll period to be used in determining which employees
in the appropriate unit are eligible to vote, and the type, place, date, and hours of voting, along
with any special eligibility formulas,
Consistent with current practice, the Board agent will contact the parties shortly after the
petition is filed to explore the possibility of entering into an election agreement and narrowing
the issues if a hearing is held. If an election agreement is reached and approved before the
Statement of Position is due, the Statement of Position need not be filed. Even if an election
agreement is not reached, the Board agent should seek the parties positions and explore
agreement on all issues, including issues that need not be litigated in a pre-election hearing under
the final rule.
B. Agreement to Vote Certain Individuals Subject to Challenge
The final rule leaves to regional directors' discretion what percentage of the unit with
individual eligibility or inclusion issues may be deferred. The Board noted that it had uniformly
held that a change affecting no more than 20 percent of the unit does not require a new election,
On occasion, the Board has also permitted regional directors to defer resolution of the eligibility
of an even higher percentage of potential voters. The Board expressed confidence that regional
directors will consider that precedent in exercising their discretion under the final rule and said it
would expect regional directors to typically exercise their discretion in favor of approving
parties' stipulated election agreements in which up to 20 percent of the unit is to be voted under
challenge.' 4
If the parties enter into an election agreement and also agree that certain classifications or
job titles will vote subject to challenge, the agreement to vote those individuals subject to
challenge should be part of the election agreement.
C. Time to Provide Voter List - 102.62(d)
Absent agreement of the parties to the contrary specified in the election agreement, the
employer must provide the voter list to the regional director and the parties within 2 business
days after the regional director's approval of the election agreement. Any agreement by the

14

See 79 Fed. Reg. 74388 fn. 373.

9
parties to extend the time for providing the list must be approved by the regional director, and it
is expected that any extension will be brief.
D. Election Date
The Board has said that the election should be held at the earliest date practicable
consistent with the Board's rules. At this point, because there is no experience processing cases
under the final rule, it is not possible to express a standard in terms of a specific number of days
from the filing of the petition to the election. Rather, I expect that regional directors will
exercise their discretion and approve agreements where the date agreed upon by the parties is
reasonably close to the date when an election would likely be held if it were directed. Factors
that will influence the date when a directed election would occur include the number of likely
days of hearing, the length of time required to write the decision, and whether the parties entitled
to the voter list have waived some or all of the time to have the list. As suggested by the
Board, I5 regional directors' discretion in selecting an election date should continue to be guided
by the factors listed in CHM 11302.1: the desires of the parties, operational considerations, the
desirability of facilitating employee participation, and the prompt and timely conduct of the
election.
IV. HEARING PREPARATION
If the parties have not entered into an election agreement, the region should, where
appropriate, conduct a pre-hearing conference at the regional office or by conference call for the
purpose of further exploring the possibility of entering into an election agreement or narrowing
the issues to be litigated at a hearing.
At this conference, the Board agent should explore the issues raised in the Statement of
Position and attempt to obtain an election agreement. If an agreement is not possible, every
effort should be made to narrow the issues for hearing and to reach written stipulations on the
issues that are not in dispute, such as commerce, labor organization status, eligibility formulas,
unit inclusions, and unit exclusions. These stipulations can either be read into the record or be
introduced as exhibits during the hearing. The Board agent should also discuss with the parties
the nature of the evidence to be presented and the order in which it will be elicited.
Prior to the hearing, the hearing officer should be certain to research the potential issues
to ensure that he or she is fully aware of the applicable legal standards under the most current
Board law. The NLRB Guide for Hearing Officers in Representation and Section 10(k)
Proceedings and the Outline of Law and Procedure in Representation Cases are excellent starting
points for such research, but such research should be supplemented with a review of the most
current case law, particularized to the type of industry and employee classifications likely to be
at issue.
The hearing officer should also determine whether the issues involve a presumption
under Board law and identify which party has the burden of rebutting that presumption. A list of
presumptions is provided in Section V,H., below. If a party raises statutory exclusions, such as

15

See 79 Fed. Reg. 74405.

10
2(11) supervisory status, independent contractors, or agricultural workers, or exclusions based
on policy considerations, such as managerial employee or confidential employee, the hearing
officer should indicate, on the record, that the party seeking to exclude employees on these bases
bears the burden of proof. Ohio 11/1a,s.onic Home, Inc., 295 NLRB 390, 395 (1989) (as a general
rule, if the unit is appropriate, the burden is on the party asserting the employee or the employee
classification ineligible); Sweetener Supply Corp., 349 NLRB 1122 (2007) (burden of proof rests
on the party asserting ineligibility to vote); Crest 11/Iark Packing Co., 283 NLRB 999 (1987)
(party claiming an exclusion because of confidential status has the burden of establishing that
exclusion); NLRB v. Kentucky River Community Care, Inc., 532 U.S. 706 (2001) (party claiming
supervisory status has the burden of proving the status).
Before the hearing begins, the hearing officer should have a meeting with the regional
director to review the Statement of Position and discuss the issues that have been raised.
V. HEARINGS
A. Final Rule Changes to Hearing Procedures
The final rule amendments regarding pre-election hearings include:
102.64(a) states that the purpose of the pre-election hearing is to determine if a
question of representation exists and provides that disputes concerning individuals' eligibility to
vote or inclusion in an appropriate unit ordinarily need not be litigated or resolved before an
election is conducted.
102.65(a) and (b) are amended to provide that regional directors will rule on
motions to amend the petition or to intervene.
102.65(e)(3) is amended to state that if a motion for reconsideration based on
changed circumstances or a motion to reopen the record based on newly-discovered evidence
states with particularity that the granting thereof will affect the eligibility to vote of specific
employees, the Board agent shall have discretion to allow such employees to vote subject to
challenge even if they are specifically excluded in the direction of election and to challenge or to
permit the moving party to challenge the ballots of such employees, even if they are specifically
included in the direction of election in any election conducted while such motion is pending.
102.66(a) provides that any party shall have the right to call, examine, and crossexamine witnesses, and to introduce into the record, evidence of the significant facts that support
the party's contentions and are relevant to the existence of a question of representation.
102.66(b) provides that, at the beginning of the hearing, the Statement of Position
(SOP) is introduced into the record and all other parties are required to respond to issues raised
in the SOP before other evidence is received. The hearing officer will not receive evidence
concerning any issue on which parties have not taken an adverse position, except that this will
not preclude the receipt of evidence concerning the Board's statutory jurisdiction or limit the
regional director's discretion to direct the receipt of evidence concerning any issue the regional
director deems necessary, such as the appropriateness of the proposed unit.
* 102.66(c) provides that the regional director will direct the hearing officer regarding
the issues to be litigated at the hearing.

11
102.66(d) provides that a party is precluded from raising or litigating any issue that
it failed to raise in its timely Statement of Position or response, except that no party will be
precluded from contesting or presenting evidence relevant to statutory jurisdiction. If the
employer fails to timely furnish the lists of employees, the employer will be precluded from
contesting the appropriateness of the proposed unit at any time and the eligibility or inclusion of
any individuals at the pre-election hearing.
102.66(g) provides that, before the hearing closes, the hearing officer will solicit the
parties' positions on the type, date(s), time(s), and location(s) of the election, the eligibility
period and the name and contact information of the employer's on-site representative to whom
the regional director should transmit the Notice of Election. The hearing officer will inform the
parties of their obligations if an election is directed and of the time for complying with such
obligations.
O 102.66(h) provides that, at the close of hearing, parties are permitted to make oral
arguments on the record, but are permitted to file post-hearing briefs only with special
permission of the regional director.
B. The Roles of the Regional Director and the Hearing Officer
The regional director will decide which issues will be litigated at the hearing, whether to
allow intervention, amendments of the petition or the Statement of Position, or filing of posthearing briefs, and whether to grant postponements or continuances of the hearing.
The hearing officer's role is to ensure a complete record as to issues relevant to a
question concerning representation and any other issue the regional director has decided should
be litigated at the pre-election hearing. The hearing officer may question witnesses and introduce
documentary evidence, to the extent necessary, to ensure the record evidence is sufficient to
enable the regional director to decide these issues. The hearing officer should also make sure the
record does not contain irrelevant, duplicative, or otherwise unnecessary evidence. While the
hearing officer must always be respectful to the parties and their representatives, he or she must
also strive to ensure that the record is concise.
At the beginning of the hearing, the hearing officer should obtain the petitioner's
response to the issues raised by the other party(ies) in their Statement(s) of Position. The hearing
officer has discretion to ask each party to make an offer of proof as to the evidence that they
would present in support of their position on any of the issues in dispute, but may not preclude a
party from presenting that evidence without first obtaining the regional director's approval. 16
Once the regional director has determined which issues should be litigated, the hearing officer
should identify these issues on the record. The hearing officer should also state on the record
that a party seeking to rebut a presumption under Board law or to meet a burden of proof must
present specific, detailed evidence in support of its position and that general conclusionary
statements by witnesses will not be sufficient. The Republican Co., 361 NLRB No. 15, slip op.
at 8(2014); Lynwood Manor, 350 NLRB 489 (2007); Avante at Wilson, Inc., 348 NLRB 1056
(2006), The hearing officer will not receive evidence concerning any issue as to which parties
have not taken adverse positions, except the hearing officer may receive evidence regarding the
16

See discussion below in Section V.I.

12
Board's jurisdiction, the appropriateness of the unit, or any other issue the regional director
determines is necessary.
C. Issues to be Litigated in a Pre-Election Hearing - 102.64(a) and 102.66(a)
Issues relevant to a determination of whether a question concerning representation exists
must be litigated at a pre-election hearing. The final rule grants regional directors discretion to
defer litigation concerning individual eligibility or inclusion issues that do not significantly
change the size or character of the unit until after the election, where appropriate, thereby giving
regional directors tools to reduce litigation of issues that are unnecessary to decide before the
election and that may be rendered moot by the election results or resolved by the parties after the
election. Eligibility and inclusion issues concern either (1) whether an individual or group is
covered by the terms used to describe the unit, or (2) whether an individual or group is within a
particular statutory or policy exclusion or should not be in the unit. For example, if the petition
calls for a unit of "production employees," excluding "guards and supervisors as defined in the
Act," eligibility/inclusion issues would include: (1) whether employees who perform quality
control functions are production employees; (2) whether Joe Smith is a production employee;
(3) whether production foremen are supervisors; and (4) whether production employee Jane Doe
is a supervisor.
As discussed more fully in the next section, some issues will continue to be decided prior
to the election. The issue of whether there is an appropriate unit for an election, including unit
scope questions, I7 must be decided prior to the election. Issues such as jurisdiction, labor
organization status, and various election bars must also be decided before the election.
However, the final rule now provides that disputes concerning individuals' eligibility to
vote or inclusion in an appropriate unit "ordinarily" need not be litigated or resolved before an
election is conducted, Such issues may be resolved after the election in a post election or unit
clarification procedure, if necessary. The Board did not, however, define "ordinarily" or
otherwise specify the percentage of unit employees whose unresolved voting eligibility is
substantial enough to warrant pre-election litigation. In fact, the Board decided not to adopt a
proposal that would have required that hearing officers bar litigation of disputes concerning the
eligibility or inclusion of individuals comprising less than 20 percent of the unit, Rather than
adopt a bright-line requirement, the Board decided to grant regional directors the discretion to
make these decisions in a manner that is least likely to result in unnecessary litigation, while
permitting litigation of eligibility/inclusion issues when in their judgment it is appropriate to do
so, 1 8 In making these determinations, regional directors should consider factors such as: the
percentage of the unit in dispute; the anticipated amount of time that will be needed to litigate the
Multi-facility and multi-employer issues are commonly referred to as unit scope issues. See discussion
below in Section V.D.

17

18

The Board noted that it strongly believed that regional directors' discretion would be exercised wisely
if regional directors typically chose not to expend resources on pre-election litigation of eligibility and
inclusion issues amounting to less than 20 percent of the proposed unit. On occasion, the Board has
permitted regional directors to defer resolution of the eligibility of more than 20 percent of potential
voters, though it recognizes that allowing 25 percent of the electorate to vote subject to challenge is not
optimal. See 79 Fed. Reg. 74388 fn. 373.

13
issue(s) (i.e,, number of witnesses, etc.); the anticipated amount of time that
will be needed to draft a decision on the issue(s) (i.e., the complexity and novelty of the issue(s));
the size of the unit; whether an eligibility/inclusion issue is the sole issue in dispute; whether
inclusion or exclusion of a classification at issue might significantly change the size or character
of the unit; the parties' positions on litigating the issue(s); and any other factors that the regional
director deems relevant.
If multiple eligibility/inclusion issues together involve more than 20 percent of the unit,
the regional director may identify a subset of the issues involving less than 20 percent of the unit
and defer those issues while conducting a hearing on the remaining issues. In determining which
issues to litigate, the regional director may attempt to determine which issue(s) can be handled
most expeditiously at the hearing and in the decision. To this end, the regional director may in
some situations instruct the hearing officer to request the parties to make offers of proof as to
their positions on the issues and to identify the witnesses and evidence they would proffer at the
hearing. The regional director could also request the hearing officer to determine whether the
parties can agree as to which issues should be litigated and which should be deferred.
There may, of course, be situations in which there are eligibility/inclusion issues in the
context of significant differences between the parties' positions as to the unit. In these situations,
the regional director should base the determination as to the percentage of the unit affected by
eligibility/inclusion issues on the size of the petitioned-for unit and any other unit in which the
petitioner is willing to proceed to an election. Thus, if the petitioner asserts that it would be
unwilling to proceed to an election concerning an employer's alternative unit, the regional
director need not take into account the size of that unit. If, on the other hand, the petitioner is
willing to proceed to an election in a unit proposed by the employer or another party, then the
regional director will retain discretion to decide the most efficient means of structuring the
litigation of eligibility/inclusion issues. In such a situation, the regional director may, of course,
consider the relative percentage of eligibility/inclusion issues presented in each of the proposed
units.
D. Specific Issues Appropriate for Pre-Election Hearing
As discussed below, issues that must be litigated in a pre-election hearing if in dispute
include: (1) jurisdiction; (2) labor organization status; (3) bars to elections; (4) appropriate unit;
(5) multi-facility and multi-employer issues; (6) expanding and contracting unit issues;
(7) employee status of a significant portion of the unit; (8) seasonal employees; (9) inclusion of
professional employees or guards with other employees in a unit; (10) eligibility formulas; and
(11) craft and health-care employees. However, except for jurisdiction, preclusion will apply if
any of these issues is not raised in the Statement of Position or disputed at the hearing.
1. Jurisdiction
A proper petition cannot be filed, and a question concerning representation (QCR) cannot
arise under Section 9(c)(1) of the Act, unless the employees in the unit are employed by an
employer covered under the Act. Issues relevant to whether the Board has jurisdiction over the
employer must be litigated at the pre-election hearing. This would include establishing that the
employer meets the Board's defined jurisdictional standards. See Sie117011S Moiling Service, 122

14
NLRB 81 (1959), When using the retail standards of gross volume of revenue, there must also be
a showing of statutory jurisdiction, that is a demonstration of some flow of goods or services
across state lines, valued greater than de minim/s. This amount should be at a minimum $5,000,
242 NLRB 839
as set out in the Pleadings Manual 401.9(a). See also M Abraham,
(1979), in which statutory jurisdiction was established by receipt of Medicare funds and
International Longshoremen & Warehousemen's Union (Catalina Mond Sightseeing), 124
NLRB 813 (1959), in which regulation by another Federal agency under the commerce clause
established statutory jurisdiction. The employer or any other party has the right to present
evidence regarding statuto/y jurisdiction, even if they take no position on the issue and even if
the employer has not provided commerce information.
Regions should continue to determine all jurisdictional issues during pre-election
proceedings, through hearings if necessary. One such issue is whether the employer falls within
the statutory exemption for any state or political subdivision. See Natural Gas Utility District of
Hawkins County, Tennessee, 402 U.S. 600 (1971). Another issue is whether the employer is
subject to the Railway Labor Act. See, e.g.S'partan Aviation Industries, Inc., 337 NLRB 708
(2002); Federal Express Corp., 317 NLRB 1155 (1995), where the Board may refer these cases
to the National Mediation Board for advisory opinions, if appropriate, i.e., NLRB jurisdiction is
sufficiently doubtful. An additional jurisdictional issue is whether the employer is a religious
organization. See NLRB v. Catholic Bishop of Chicago, 440 U.S. 490 (1979); Pacific Lutheran
University, 361 NLRB No. 157 (2014); Catholic Social Services, 355 NLRB 929 (2010).
Finally, the region will need to decide prior to the election whether the employer is a horseracing
or dog racing facility, See 103.3 of the Board's Rules and Regulations; Prairie Meadows
Racetrack and Casino, 324 NLRB 550 (1997).
As set forth in CHM 11704.1, if an employer refuses a reasonable request by the
Agency to provide information relevant to the Board's jurisdictional determination, jurisdiction
will be found if the record establishes that the Board has statutory jurisdiction, even if no specific
monetary jurisdictional standard is shown to be satisfied. Tropicana Products, Inc., 122 NLRB
121, 123 (1958). See also Continental Packaging Corp., 327 NLRB 400 (1998); Major League
Rodeo, Inc., 246 NLRB 743, 745 (1979), In this regard, the employer is required to provide a
completed commerce questionnaire as part of its Statement of Position. If the employer does not
submit a completed commerce questionnaire, the hearing officer must ensure that sufficient
secondary evidence is available to determine whether the employer meets the standards for
statutory jurisdiction. This includes evidence showing that the employer purchases goods and
materials from out-of-state, sells its products to out-of-state entities, or performs work across
state lines. Generally, the best source of such information is testimony of employee witnesses
and documents provided by the petitioner. Information obtained from an employer's website
may also be introduced into the record to establish jurisdiction. Thus, it is generally not
necessary to issue a subpoena for commerce information where sufficient secondary evidence
will be available to establish statutory jurisdiction. However, if there is doubt about the
sufficiency of secondary evidence, the region should issue a subpoena as soon as possible.
2. Labor Organization Status
If a party contends that an entity is not a labor organization within the meaning of Section
2(5) of the Act, or refuses to stipulate to such status, the regional director must resolve this issue.

15
The Act requires that to be deemed a labor organization, an organization need only: (1) have
employees participate in its activities; and (2) exist for the purpose, in whole or in part, of
dealing with employers concerning grievances, labor disputes, and terms and conditions of
employment. NLRB v. Cabot Carbon Co., 360 U.S. 203 (1959). Once the evidence adduced at
the hearing establishes that these requirements have been met, the hearing officer should ensure
that the record does not include unnecessary or irrelevant information concerning the labor
organization.
Section 9(b)(3) issues as to whether a guard union admits nonguards to membership or is
affiliated with an organization that admits nonguards to membership must be decided in preelection proceedings. These issues may include determinations as to whether some of the
employees in petitioned-for classifications are guards (see, e.g., Boeing Co., 328 NLRB 128
(1999); MG/1// Grand Hotel, 274 NLRB 139 (1985)), as well as issues as to whether a union
seeking to represent guards also represents nonguards (see Burns International Security Services,
Inc., 278 NLRB 565, 568 (1986); Wells Fargo Guard Services, 236 NLRB 1196 (1978)).
3. Bars to Election
All potential election-bar issues, including certification bar, contract bar, recognition bar,
successorship bar, and election bar, must be litigated and resolved before an election can be
conducted. Hearing officers must be thoroughly familiar with significant recent developments as
to recognition bar and successorship bar.
In Lamons Gasket Co., 357 NLRB No. 72 (2011), the Board overruled Dana Coip., 351
NLRB 434 (2007), and returned to the recognition-bar rule of Keller Plastics Eastern, 157
NLRB 583 (1966), under which an employer's voluntary recognition of a union, based on a
showing of majority support, bars any challenge to the union's representative status for a
"reasonable period of time," in order to give the new bargaining relationship a chance to
succeed. The Board defined "reasonable period of time" as no less than six months after the
parties' first bargaining session and no more than one year.
In UGL-UNICCD Service Co., 357 NLRB No. 76 (2011), the Board overruled MI/
Transportation, 337 NLRB 770 (2002), and returned to the successor-bar doctrine previously set
forth in St. Elizabeth Manor, Inc., 329 NLRB 341 (1999), This doctrine provides that, when a
successor employer recognizes the incumbent representative of its employees, that representative
is entitled to represent the employees in collective bargaining with their new employer for "a
reasonable period of time" without challenge to its representative status. The Board modified the
successor-bar doctrine as articulated in St. Elizabeth Manor by holding that the required
"reasonable period of bargaining" would depend on whether the employer has expressly adopted
the existing terms and conditions of employment as the starting point for bargaining.
4. Appropriate Unit Issues
A finding of an appropriate unit must always be made before conducting an election.
Accordingly, the hearing officer must be sure that the record will enable a finding to be made
that a unit is appropriate for the purposes of collective bargaining. In determining the

16
appropriateness of the unit, the region should apply the presumptions discussed more fully below
in Section H.
5. Multi-Facility and Multi-Employer Issues
Multi-facility and multi-employer issues, commonly referred to as unit scope issues, must
be determined prior to conducting the election. Where an employer operates at multiple
locations, issues involving which facilities should be included in a unit must be litigated at the
pre-election hearing. See Hilander Foods, 348 NLRB 1200 (2006); Prince Telecom, 347 NLRB
789 (2006). However, presumptions that apply in these cases may make it appropriate to limit
the presentation of evidence.
Issues involving the nature of the employing entity that must be litigated at the preelection hearing include: whether a single-employer or multi-employer unit is appropriate, see
Donaldson Traditional Interiors, 345 NLRB 1298 (2005); Architectural Contractors Trade
Association, 343 NLRB 259 (2004); whether nominally separate entities constitute a single
employer or alter ego, see Lederach Electric, Inc., 362 NLRB No. 14(2015); Bolivar-Tees, Inc.,
349 NLRB 720 (2007); Mercy General Health Partners, 331 NLRB 783 (2000); and whether
independent entities have a joint-employer relationship, see CNN America, Inc. 361 NLRB No,
47 (2014); NLRB v. Browning-Ferris Industries, 691 F.2d 1117 (31d Cir. 1982).19 Also see
Oakwood Care Center, 343 NLRB 659 (2004), in which the Board overruled MB. Sturgis, Inc.,
331 NLRB 1298 (2000), and held that combined units of solely and jointly employed employees
are multi-employer units and are statutorily permissible only with the consent of all parties.
6. Expanding and Contracting Unit Issues
If the employer contends that its business, or the applicable portion of its business, will
be closing imminently, the regional director must make a pre-election determination on this
issue. See Hughes Aircraft, Co., 308 NLRB 82 (1992). Similarly, the regional director must
make a pre-election determination regarding a contention that the petition should be dismissed
because the bargaining unit is expanding and the employer does not presently employ a
substantial and representative complement of employees. See Yellowstone International
Mailing, 332 NLRB 386 (2000); Toto Industries (Atlanta), 323 NLRB 645 (1997). Frequently,
resolution of these issues requires evidence presented at a pre-election hearing. On these issues,
an employer's contention must be based on evidence that is more than speculative. Canterbury
of Puerto Rico, 225 NLRB 309 (1976). Even if the regional director decides not to dismiss the
petition based on evidence adduced at the hearing, unit expansion may affect the date on which
the election is scheduled.
7. Employee Status
Issues as to whether individuals are employees within the meaning of Section 2(3) of the
Act must be litigated at the initial hearing if they involve the entire unit and should likely be
On May 13, 2014, the Board invited the parties and interested amici to file briefs in Browning-Ferris
Industries, Case 32-RC-109684, to address whether the Board should adhere to its existing joint-employer
standard or adopt a new standard.
19

17
litigated if they concern classifications that constitute more than 20 percent of the unit.20 These
include determinations of: whether individuals are statutory employees or independent
contractors, Porter Drywall, Inc., 362 NLRB No. 6 (2015); FedEr Delivery, 361 NLRB No, 55
(2014); whether individuals are "agricultural employees," see Pictsweet Mushroom Farm, 329
NLRB 852 (1999); Cal-Maine Farms, 307 NLRB 450 (1992), enfd. 998 F.2d 1336 (5'1' Cir.
1993); and whether graduate students who serve as teaching assistants and research assistants are
employees, see New York University, 356 NLRB No. 7 (2010); Brown University, 342 NLRB
483 (2004); Boston Medical Center Corp., 330 NLRB 152 (1999). As to the employee status of
disabled clients, see Brevard Achievement Center, 342 NLRB 982 (2004).
8. Seasonal Operations
Whether the employer is a seasonal operation is an issue that must be litigated at the preelection hearing because that impacts the date when an election is held. See, Bogus Basin
Recreation Assn., 212 NLRB 833 (1974); Brookville Citrus Growers Assn., 112 NLRB 707
(1955). On the other hand, issues concerning the reasonable expectation of future employment
of a small number of seasonal employees may be deferred to post-election proceedings. See,
e.g., Macy East, 327 NLRB 73(1998),' Maine Apple Growers., 254 NLRB 501, 502-503
(1981).
9. Professional Employees and Guards
Certain other issues also must be decided before the election. If a party contends that
certain individuals are professional employees and those individuals are to be included in an
appropriate unit of nonprofessional employees, the issue of whether they are professional
employees must be decided before the election because professional employees must be given an
opportunity to decide whether to be included in a nonprofessional unit, which requires special
balloting procedures. Sonotone Corp., 90 NLRB 1236 (1950). However, if a party contends an
individual is a professional and the appropriate unit description excludes professionals, the
contested individual can vote subject to challenge.
Additionally, if a party contends that one or more of the employees in the petitioned-for
non-guard unit are guards, or vice-versa, this issue must be decided before the election to ensure
that the unit does not run afoul of Section 9(b)(3). See, e.g., Madison Square Garden. 333
NLRB 643, 644 (2001). However, the issue of whether a particular employee should be
excluded from a non-guard unit as a guard may be deferred to the post-election stage.
10. Eligibility Formulas
If a party contends that a different eligibility formula than the Board's standard formula
must be used, this matter must be addressed before the election. See Davison-Paxon Cu,, 185
NLRB 21, 24 (1970) (formula for most part-time employees); Marquette General Hospital, 218
NLRB 713, 714 (1975) (healthcare industry); Steiny & Co., 308 NLRB 1323 (1992)
(construction industry); Kansas City Repertory Theatre, 356 NLRB No. 28 (2010) (employees
with irregular employment in the entertainment industry).
20

See discussion above regarding the percentage that may be left to challenge.

18
11. Craft and Health-Care Employees
A determination as to whether a petitioned-for craft unit is appropriate should also be
made prior to the election. See Mirage Casino-Hotel, 338 NLRB 529 (2002); Bartlett Collins
Co., 334 NLRB 484 (2001). A determination must also be made as to whether the employer is
an acute-care hospital such that the health-care unit rules apply.21
E. Issues That May Be Deferred for Post-Election Resolution
As discussed above, at the regional director's discretion, litigation and resolution of
issues as to whether certain classifications are included in the unit may be deferred until after the
election, if the petitioned-for unit or the unit in which the election will be conducted is an
appropriate unit and the number of individuals in the disputed classification(s) would not
significantly change the size or character of the unit.22 For example, if the employer contends
that its only two quality control employees must be added to a petitioned-for unit of 50
production and maintenance employees, the regional director may direct that these employees
vote subject to challenge rather than take evidence about them at the pre-election hearing.
The final rule generally divides eligibility/inclusion issues into two categories: whether
individuals in an appropriate unit are ineligible because they are not employees as defined by the
Act or are excluded by Board policy, and whether individuals fall within the terms used to
describe the unit. Prior to the final rule, if parties did not agree to vote disputed supervisors
subject to challenge, pre-election hearings would be held on this issue, even if they only involved
a single individual or a miniscule portion of the unit, and even if the regional director or Board
did not necessarily need to resolve those issues. Because these issues do not directly impact on
whether there is a question concerning representation, regional directors may now decide not to
permit litigation of them at the pre-election stage.
Moreover, the regional director may decide not to permit litigation of supervisory status
prior to the election even if a party asserts that pro-union conduct by a supervisor tainted the
petition or the showing of interest. See, e.g., Teriy Machine Co., 356 NLRB No. 120 (201 l)
Harbors/dc Healthcare, 343 NLRB 906 (2004). Allegations of supervisory taint of the petition
or showing of interest are normally determined through an administrative investigation
conducted by the regional director independent of the pre-election hearing.
Because a petition filed by a supervisor cannot raise a valid question concerning
representation, a dispute with respect to whether the individual filing a petition is a supervisor
must be resolved at the pre-election stage, typically in an administrative investigation, Modern
Hard Chrome Service Co., 124 NLRB 1235, 1236 (1959),
Managerial employees present similar issues, Generally, these issues only affect a single
individual or an insignificant portion of the unit and may be deferred until after the election. See
The Republican Co., supra. However, if the petitioned-for unit or a major portion of that unit is
assertedly managerial, a hearing must be held to ascertain managerial employee status before the
21 103.30
22

of the Board's Rules and Regulations.

See footnote 17 above.

19
election. See NLRB v. Yeshiva University, 444 U.S. 672, 682-683 (1980); Pacific Lutheran
University, supra.
Another statutory exclusion issue that can be deferred until after the election is whether
an individual is employed by his or her parent or spouse. See NLRB v. Action Automotive, 469
U.S. 490 (1985); Peirce-Phelps, Inc., 341 NLRB 585 (2004). Further, although not excluded by
statute, Board policy also excludes confidential employees from bargaining units. See NLRB v.
Hendricks County Rival Electric Membership Coip., 454 US 170 (1981). Similar to supervisory
and managerial issues, these issues of individual eligibility can be deferred until after the
election.
Issues concerning whether individual employees or relatively small groups of employees
fall within an appropriate unit may also be deferred until after the election. One such issue is
whether an employee is an office clerical or a plant clerical. See Kroger Co., 342 NLRB 202
(2004); Caesar's Tahoe, 337 NLRB 1096 (2002). Another is whether a "dual-function"
employee should be included. See Bredero Shaw, 345 NLRB 782, 786 (2005).
Additional issues that can be deferred until after the election are whether an individual
should be excluded as a "temporary" employee (see Marian Medical Center, 339 NLRB 127
(2003)) and whether an individual should be included in the unit as a regular part-time employee
or excluded as a casual employee (see Arlington Masomy Supply, Inc., 339 NLRB 817, 819
(2003)).
Hearing officers should ensure, to the extent feasible, that the record contains the names
and job classifications of the individuals whose eligibility to vote or inclusion in the unit is being
deferred, in order to facilitate their opportunity to vote through the challenge procedures.
F. Parties' Right to Introduce Evidence that Supports Their Contentions and Is
Relevant to the Existence of a QCR - 102.66(a)
The final rule provides that any party shall have the right to appear at any hearing in
person, by counsel, or by other representative, to call, examine, and cross-examine witnesses,
and to introduce evidence of the significant facts that support the party's contentions and are
relevant to the existence of a question concerning representation. Hearing officers are no longer
required to permit parties to fully litigate all eligibility issues prior to the direction of an election,
meaning parties no longer have a right to litigate an individual's inclusion or eligibility. In
explaining this rule change, the Board overruled Barre-National Inc., 316 NLRB 877 (1995),
where the Board held that employers have a right to litigate, before the election, the status of
certain individuals it contended were supervisors.23 In sum, the final rule does not limit any
party's right to present evidence in support of their contention, so long as it is relevant to
determining whether a QCR exists. The Board also overruled cases relying on the holding of
Barre National, such as North 11/lanche,sler Foundry, 328 NLRB 372 (1999). Moreover, in
presenting evidence in support of its contention, a party has no right to present irrelevant
evidence. Mullah, Inc., 322 NLRB 586 fn. 1 (1996).

23

79 Fed. Reg. 74386.

20
G. Consequences of a Party's Failure to Take a Position on an Issue - 102.66(d)
After a Statement of Position is received into evidence, the other parties respond to each
issue raised in the Statement. The regional director has discretion to permit parties to amend
their Statements of Position or their responses in a timely manner for good cause, Good cause
would not normally include situations where the party knew or should have known of the issue at
the time the petition or Statement of Position was filed. Good cause may include situations of
changed circumstances, but should be raised at the time the party learned of the change. If the
regional director permits a party to amend its Statement of Position, the other parties should
respond to each amended position.
A party generally may not raise any issue, present any evidence relating to any issue,
cross-examine any witness concerning any issue, or present argument concerning any issue that
the party failed to raise in its timely Statement of Position or failed to place in dispute in
response to another party's Statement of Position or response. However, if a party's Statement
of Position does not raise an issue of the eligibility or inclusion of a particular individual, and
that individual's status is not specifically addressed in the decision and direction of election, that
party could still challenge the individual at the election. In addition, no party is precluded from
contesting or presenting evidence relevant to the Board's statutory jurisdiction and the regional
director has the discretion to direct the receipt of evidence concerning any issue, such as the
appropriateness of the proposed unit, as to which the regional director determines that record
evidence is necessary. If the party contends that the proposed unit is not appropriate in its
Statement of Position, but fails to specify the classifications, locations, or other employee
groupings that must be added to or excluded from the proposed unit to make it an appropriate
unit, the party may not raise any issue or present any evidence or argument about the
appropriateness of the unit. If the employer fails to timely furnish the lists of employees required
to be included as part of the Statement of Position, the employer also may not contest the
appropriateness of the proposed unit at any time and may not contest the eligibility or inclusion
of any individuals at the pre-election hearing.
H. Presumptions Regarding Bargaining Units
Nothing in the Act requires that the unit for bargaining be the only appropriate unit or the
most appropriate unit, Bartlett Collins Co., 334 NLRB 484 (2001); Aztoranci Bros, Beverage CO.,
91 NLRB 409 (1950), enfd. 190 F.2d 576 (7th Cir. 1951). In determining appropriate units, the
Board has established, either through case law or rulemaking, the following presumptions related
to appropriate units:

Employer-wide unit: Employer-wide unit presumptively appropriate. See, e.g.,

Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc., 326 NLRB 514, 516 (1998);

Single plant unit: Presumptively appropriate unless it has been so effectively

merged into a more comprehensive unit, or is so functionally integrated, that it
has lost its separate identity. Hilcmcler Foods', 348 NLRB 1200, 1200 (2006);
J& L Plate, 310 NLRB 429 (1993);

21

Acute-care hospital units: Board's healthcare rules establishing eight

appropriate units through rulemaking (103,30), 29 C.F.R. Sec. 103.30 (1990),
upheld American Hospital Association v. NLRB, 499 U.S. 606 (1991);

Craft-wide unit: Mallinckrodi Chemical Works, 162 NLRB 387 (1966) (setting
forth factors for determining when craft-wide unit is appropriate);

Plant-wide unit: Airco, Inc., 273 NLRB 348 (1984); Livingstone College, 290
NLRB 304 (1980) (all nonprofessionals in a college/university setting);

Service and maintenance unit: Laurel Associates, Inc., 325 NLRB 603 (1998);

Single-employer unit: Central Transport, Inc., 328 NLRB 407 (1999);

Single-store unit in retail industry: Haag Drug Co., 169 NLRB 877 (1968);
Say-On Drugs, 138 NLRB 1032 (1962);

Single-terminal unit: Alterman TICUTSp011 Lines, 178 NLRB 122 (1969);

Groendyke Transport, 171 NLRB 997 (1968);

System-wide unit for public utility: Depo.sil Telephone Co., 328 NLRB 1029
(1999); Colorado Interstate Gas Co., 202 NLRB 847 (1973);

Readily identifiable group of employees: Where employees in a petitioned-for

unit constitute a readily identifiable group that share a community of interest, the
burden is on the non-petitioning party to demonstrate that any additional
employees it seeks to include share "an overwhelming community of interest with
the petitioned-for employees." Specially Healthcare & Rehabilitation Center of
il/Iobile, 357 NLRB No, 83 (2011).

I. Offers of Proof at the Hearing - 102.66(c)

Before the hearing, the regional director and the hearing officer will discuss potential
hearing issues and the issues, if any, on which the director would like the parties to provide an
offer of proof. The regional director will direct the hearing officer about the issues to be litigated
at the hearing. A hearing officer may also require parties to make offers of proof as to any or all
such issues. If the regional director determines that the evidence described in this offer of proof
is insufficient to sustain the proponent's position, the evidence shall not be received,
Offers of proof are often utilized as tools to focus and define issues and provide a
foundation to accept or exclude evidence. Section 102.66(c) provides that the offer of proof may
take the form of a written statement or an oral statement on the record identifying each witness
the party would call to testify concerning the issue and summarizing each witness's testimony.
J. Objections to the Conduct of the Hearing and Special Appeals - 102,65(c)
The final rule eliminated special appeals to the Board of actions or rulings by the hearing
officer or the regional director. Instead, special appeals may only be filed with the regional
director and with the regional director's permission. Parties may request special permission to
appeal a hearing officer's ruling or to seek reconsideration of a regional director's ruling,

22
including rulings rejecting offers of proof.24 However, if a request for review is filed and
granted, the Board will review the hearing officer's rulings and the regional director's actions,
regardless of whether a request for special permission to appeal has been filed. Thus, a party
need not seek special permission to appeal a hearing officer's ruling to preserve an issue for
review after the hearing.
Any objection with respect to the conduct of the hearing, including any objection to the
introduction of evidence, may be stated orally or in writing, accompanied by a short statement of
the grounds of such objection, and will be included in the record. No such objection is waived
by further participation in the hearing.
Neither the filing, nor the granting, of a request for special permission to appeal from a
ruling of the hearing officer will stay the hearing unless otherwise ordered by the regional
director.
CHM 11203 contains helpful directives for handling special appeals from hearing
officers' rulings:

Parties may not directly appeal rulings of the hearing officer, except by special
permission of the regional director.

Parties have an automatic exception to unfavorable rulings made by the hearing

officer when the entire record is considered by the regional director.

Requests for special permission to appeal should be made promptly, in writing,

and served on the regional director and other parties.

If a party seeks an adjournment in order to prepare its request for special

permission to appeal, the hearing officer may grant a minimal time to prepare and
transmit a special appeal and resume the hearing immediately thereafter, or may
deny the request for adjournment and direct the party to prepare and file the
special appeal during a break in the hearing.

To minimize the filing of special appeals, the hearing officer should consult with regional
management during the hearing about any potentially significant procedural and substantive
issues upon which, consistent with the rules, the ruling will be made by the hearing officer, as
opposed to the regional director.
K. Notices To Show Cause Issued Before the Hearing
A notice to show cause, sometimes issued before a pre-election hearing, elicits the
functional equivalent of an offer of proof and permits the regional director to determine whether
to conduct a hearing. Mueller Energy Services, Inc., 323 NLRB 785 (1997) (through responses
to a notice to show cause, regional director properly determined that a contract bar existed and
no hearing was required). A notice to show cause may be issued instead of a notice of hearing if
See, 79 Fed. Reg. 74426 fn. 526, where, in discussing adverse rulings on offers of proof, the Board
noted that "parties retain the right to present their arguments directly to the regional director through a
request for special permission to appeal."

24

23
the regional director determines there is not reasonable cause to believe that a question
concerning representation exists.
L. Requirement That Hearings Continue From Day to Day - 102.64(e)
The hearing will continue from day to day until completed unless the regional director
concludes that extraordinary circumstances warrant otherwise. As the term "extraordinary
circumstances" suggests, regional directors should not, in most cases, look favorably upon
parties' requests for continuances beyond the next day. For example, a party's request to gather
additional evidence typically would not meet the standard of "extraordinary circumstances,"
Moreover, a regional director would not normally agree to a request made during a hearing that
is based on facts known to the requesting party prior to the hearing, if those facts were not
brought to the region's attention. If the regional director decides that extraordinary
circumstances warrant a continuance to a non-consecutive day, this continuance should be for the
briefest possible time.
A party requesting a continuance to a non-consecutive day should do so at the earliest
feasible time. The requests may be made in writing or orally on the record, The requesting party
must seek the other party's position on the matter. The hearing officer will apprise the parties
verbally of the regional director's ruling,
M. Motions to Intervene or to Amend the Petition - 102.65(a) and (b)
All motions, including motions for intervention, must be in writing or made orally on the
record during the hearing. Motions are filed with the regional director, or if made during the
hearing, with the hearing officer.
A person seeking to intervene in a proceeding must make a motion for intervention,
stating the grounds upon which it claims to have an interest in the proceeding. The regional
director, or the hearing officer at the specific direction of the regional director, may permit
intervention to the extent and upon such terms as the regional director deems proper. The
intervenor will then become a party to the proceeding.
The hearing officer will rule either orally on the record or in writing on all motions filed
at the hearing or referred to the hearing officer, except that the hearing officer will rule on
motions to intervene and to amend the petition only as directed by the regional director. All
motions to dismiss petitions will be referred for appropriate action at such time as the entire
record is considered by the regional director or the Board.
N. Other Information at the Hearing
Prior to the close of hearing, the hearing officer will solicit the parties' positions on the
type, date(s), time(s), and location(s) of the election, and the eligibility period. No litigation of
these issues is permitted. The hearing officer should also inquire whether ballots or notices are
required in another language because potential voters speak another language and do not read
English. If a party contends that foreign language notices or ballots are required, the record
should reflect the basis of the claim and the approximate number of employees needing the
foreign language notices or ballots. See CHM 11315.

24
The hearing officer must advise the parties what their obligations will be if an election is
directed, such as the content and format of the voter list, and will inform the parties of the time
for complying with such obligations. The hearing officer will also solicit the name, address,
email address, facsimile number, and phone number of the employer's on-site representative to
whom the regional director should transmit the Notice of Election, if an election is directed.
At the hearing, the hearing officer should encourage parties to state positions on all issues
and explain the basis for their positions, and particularly elicit from the petitioner its position on
proceeding to an election in any alternate unit which may be found appropriate. The hearing
officer should ensure that all relevant off-the-record discussions are summarized and that the
parties affirmatively agree to those summaries on the record.
The hearing officer should ensure that, to the extent feasible, the record includes the job
titles and the names of all individuals who will vote subject to challenge. In addition, the hearing
officer should ask the parties entitled to receive the voter eligibility list if they wish to waive
some or all of the 10-day period that they are entitled to have the list. See RidgeTvood Country
Club, 357 NLRB No. 181 (2012).
0. Oral Arguments and Briefs
At the close of hearing, parties are permitted to make oral arguments on the record, The
hearing officer will provide parties a reasonable period of time to prepare their oral arguments.
Parties are permitted to file post-hearing briefs only with special permission of the regional
director. The regional director specifies the time for filing such briefs and may limit the subjects
to be addressed in post-hearing briefs, The regional director's ruling on whether briefs will be
permitted will be stated on the record by the hearing officer.
In determining whether briefs may be filed, factors which may be considered include:
9

Number and complexity of issues;

Whether significant issues are presented that are factual, legal or both;
Whether the law is in flux, settled, or recently changed;
Whether the case presents issues that are of first impression, unusual, or novel;
and
The parties' positions on the necessity for providing written briefs.

Hearing officers should encourage the parties to address, in their oral arguments, specific
issues in dispute and case citations in support of their positions. Additionally, a party may offer
into evidence a brief, memo of points and authorities, or other legal arguments before the hearing
closes so long as that filing does not delay the proceeding,
P. Hearing Officer Report of Pre-Election Hearing
As soon as practical after the hearing closes, the hearing officer should prepare a preelection hearing officer's report using the hearing officer report form. The report is devoid of
any recommendation, but includes the following information: (1) a summary of the oral
arguments and the cases relied on by the parties in support of their positions; (2) the
classification(s) and the number of employees in issue; (3) any stipulations reached by the parties

25
including those employees who the parties agree will vote subject to challenge; (4) any eligibility
or inclusion issues and the number of employees in contention; (5) whether the regional director
precluded the introduction of evidence, and the basis for the exclusion; and (6) the parties'
positions about the election details, including the payroll period, the need for foreign language
Notices and ballots, use of eligibility formulas, and the preferred type (manual, mail, or mixed),
date, time, and place of the election.
VI. PRE-ELECTION DECISIONS
A. Final Rule Changes for Pre-Election Decisions
The final rule makes the following changes to the contents of a pre-election decision:
102,67(b) provides that the regional director ordinarily will specify the election
details in the direction of election and will transmit the direction of election and the notice of
election to the parties by email, facsimile, or overnight mail (if neither an email address nor a
facsimile number was provided).
102.67(c) provides that a party may file a request for Board review of a regional
director's pre-election decision at any time following the decision until 14 days after a final
disposition of the proceeding by the regional director. A request for review will not operate as a
stay of any action by the regional director unless specifically ordered by the Board.
102.67(1) provides that, absent extraordinary circumstances, within 2 business days
after issuance of the direction of election, the employer must provide the regional director and
the parties a list of the full names, work locations, shifts, job classifications, and contact
information (including home address, available personal email addresses, and available home
and personal cellular telephone numbers) of all eligible voters and, in a separate section of the
list, the same information for any employees directed to vote subject to challenge.
B. Expediting Pre-Election Decisions
Consistent with the Board's longstanding emphasis on expeditiously resolving questions
concerning representation, expediting the issuance of pre-election decisions continues to be a
priority. Therefore, regions should adopt practices that ensure that decisions are issued
promptly.
One common practice that regions should follow is ensuring that Board agents assigned
to draft pre-election decisions only work on drafting the decisions until completed. When
necessary to ensure expedited issuance of a decision, regions should request to use the
interregional assistance program for decision writing. If the Board agent assigned to draft a
decision has other scheduled work, that work should either be deferred or reassigned. In
addition, the assignment of the Board agent for decision drafting should be made once the
hearing opens. This early assignment permits that agent to address other work and begin
preliminary research on issues that are expected to be the subject of the hearing.

26
C. Direction of Election - 102.67(b)
A new element of most pre-election decisions is the inclusion of election details,
including the type of voting, and the date(s), time(s), and location(s) of the election, as well as
the eligibility period. The regional director ordinarily will not need to solicit party positions
regarding election details after the close of the hearing because the hearing officer will have
solicited those details prior to closing the hearing, and the decision will specify the type of
voting, and the date(s), time(s), and location(s) of the election. However, in some cases, it may
be appropriate for the director to consult with the parties concerning election details after the
decision has issued, notwithstanding the parties' prior positions, for instance when the unit found
appropriate differs substantially from the unit advocated by either party. In these limited
circumstances where election details are worked out after issuance of the decision, the Board
agent will attempt to reach the parties as expeditiously as possible to obtain their positions before
the region specifies the type, date, time, and place of the election.
The decision will set the election for the "earliest date practicable" consistent with the
Board's Rules. In accordance with CHM 11302.1, the date selected should balance the desires of
the parties and operational considerations, along with the desirability of facilitating employee
participation and of conducting a prompt and timely election. The election date, therefore, will
be based on the circumstances of the case, including whether the parties entitled to receive the
voter list waive the right to use the voter list for some or all of the 10-day period, and whether
the notice and ballots must be translated into one or more foreign languages.2 The Board has
noted that, consistent with current practice, an election shall not be scheduled for a date earlier
than 10 days after the date by which the voter list must be filed and served on the parties, unless
this requirement is waived by the parties entitled to the list.
Absent extraordinary circumstances specified in the direction of election, the direction of
election will state that the employer must provide the voter list to the regional director and the
parties within 2 business days after issuance of the direction of election. A showing of
extraordinary circumstances may be met by an employer's "particularized demonstration that it
is unable to produce the list within the required time limit due to specifically articulated
obstacles to its identification of its own employees."26 The mere fact that the employer is
decentralized, that the workforce is large, that a party may propose a multi-site unit, or that the
employer relies on a third-party payroll company, does not warrant a blanket exception from the
two-business day timeframe set forth in the final rule.27
When the regional director issues a decision and direction of election in a unit larger than
that requested by the petitioner, and the petitioner or an intervenor has indicated its willingness
to participate in such an election, further processing of the petition is conditioned on the
petitioner or an intervenor having an adequate showing of interest in the unit as directed. If the
petitioner or an intervenor already has a sufficient showing of interest in the enlarged unit, the
25 In deciding whether foreign language notices or ballots are necessary, the regional director will
consider the factors set forth in CHM 11315.1.
26
27

See 79 Fed, Reg. 74354-74355.

See 79 Fed. Reg. 74355.

27
regional director should so indicate in the Decision and Direction of Election. If the petitioner or
an intervenor does not have a sufficient showing of interest, the direction of election should be
conditioned on the petitioner or an intervenor making an adequate showing of interest in the unit
as directed. The petitioner or an intervenor may be given a reasonable period of time to secure
the additional showing of interest, normally 2 business days after the issuance of the Decision
and Direction of Election, or such further time as the regional director may allow based on
sufficient justification. After a determination is made as to whether the petitioner or an
intervenor has an adequate showing of interest in the enlarged unit, the Board agent will inform
the employer in writing either of the employer's obligation to serve the voter list on the parties
and the regional director within 2 business days of this notification, or that the petition has been
withdrawn or will be dismissed due to an insufficient showing of interest.
D. Requests for Review - 102.67(c) (j)
Requests for review of the regional director's pre-election decision can be filed at any
time after issuance of a decision until 14 days after a final disposition of the proceeding by the
regional director. The 14-day period commences when a regional director dismisses a petition,
issues a certification of representative or results, or orders challenged ballots to be opened and
counted. The Board will grant a request for review only where compelling reasons exist.
Accordingly, a party need not file a request for review of a decision and direction of
election before the election in order to preserve its right to contest that decision after the election.
Instead, a party can wait to see whether the election results have mooted the basis of an appeal.
The request for review of the pre-election decision may be combined with a request for review of
the regional director's decision on objections/challenged ballots. The grant of a request for
review does not stay the regional director's action unless the Board specifically orders otherwise.
The final rule clarifies that when objections and challenges have been consolidated with
an unfair labor practice proceeding for purposes of hearing and the election was conducted
pursuant to a stipulated election agreement or a direction of election, a request for review of the
regional director's decision and direction of election will be due at the same time as the
exceptions to the administrative law judge's decision are due.
A party requesting review may also request extraordinary relief in the form of a stay,
expedited consideration of a request, or impoundment of one or more ballots from the Board as
described in 102.67(j). Relief will be granted only upon "a clear showing that it is necessary
under the particular circumstances of the case."
VII. ELECTION PREPARATIONS AND ELECTION - 102.67(b) and (k)
A. Final Rule Changes for Election Preparations and the Election
The final rule makes the following changes to election preparations and elections:
102.67(b) and (k)) provide that, along with the decision and direction of election,
the Region will email or fax to the parties and their designated representatives Notices of
Election, which the employer is required to post. The employer must also distribute the notice
electronically if the employer customarily communicates with its employees electronically.

28
102.67(b) and (1) provide that the Notice of Election will identify employees who
will vote subject to challenge by, for example, listing their job titles, shifts, work locations, and
other descriptive factors.
B. Notice of Election - 102.62(e) and 102.67(k)
When the election agreement is approved, the region will immediately notify the parties
and their designated representatives by electronic means if possible. Together with the election
agreement, the regional director will transmit a letter specifying the voter list requirements, such
as the due date, content, approved electronic format, and the required means of transmitting the
voter list to the parties and to the regional director. The regional director will also promptly
transmit the Notice of Election to the parties and their designated representatives by email,
facsimile, or by overnight mail if no facsimile number or email address was provided. In
addition, at the time the Notice of Election is transmitted, the region will send the parties a new
form describing the election and post-election procedures in representation cases.
Similarly, if the election is directed, ordinarily the Notice of Election will be emailed or
faxed to the parties, along with the decision and direction of election, If a party provides neither
an email address nor a facsimile number, the regional director will send the decision and notice
to the party by overnight mail.
If the election agreement or the direction of election provides for individuals to vote
subject to challenge, the election notice will advise employees that some individuals will vote
subject to challenge because their eligibility has not been determined. The notice usually will
not name these employees, but rather will refer to their job titles, shifts, work locations, and other
descriptive factors. The notice will provide as follows:

OTHERS PERMITTED TO VOTE: At this time, no decision has been made

regarding whether (insert classification(s)) are included in, or excluded from, the
bargaining unit, and individuals in those classifications may vote in the election but their
ballots shall be challenged since their eligibility has not been determined. The eligibility
or inclusion of these individuals will be resolved, if necessary, following the election.
The final rule requires employers to post the notice of election in conspicuous places in
the workplace, including all places where notices to employees in the unit are customarily
posted) at least three full working days (excluding Saturdays, Sundays and holidays) prior to
12:01 am on the day of the election. The employer is also required to distribute the notice
electronically to unit employees if it customarily communicates with employees in the unit
electronically, either by email or by posting on an employer intranet site or both. If the employer
customarily communicates with only some of the unit employees electronically, the employer is
to distribute the notice of election to that subset of the unit. The employer's failure to properly
post or distribute the notice of election is grounds for setting aside the election whenever proper
and timely objections are filed. However, a party may not object to the nonposting if it is
responsible for the nonposting, and likewise may not object to the nondistribution of the notices
if it is responsible for the nondistribution.

29
C. The Voter List - 102.62(d) and 102.67(1)
The employer must provide the regional director and parties named in the decision an
alphabetized list of the full names, work locations, shifts, job classifications, and contact
information (including home addresses, available personal email addresses, and available home
and personal cell telephone numbers) of all eligible voters, accompanied by a certificate of
service on all parties. The employer must also include in a separate section of that list the same
information for those individuals who, according to the election agreement or direction of
election, will be permitted to vote subject to challenge. When feasible, the employer must
electronically file the list with the regional director and electronically serve the list on the other
parties.
To be timely filed and served, the list must be received by the regional director and the
parties within 2 business days after approval of the election agreement or the direction of
election unless a longer time was specified in the agreement or in the direction of election. The
region will no longer serve the voter list. The employer's failure to file or serve the list within
the specified time or in the proper format is grounds for setting aside the election whenever
proper and timely objections are filed. However, the employer may not object to the failure to
file or serve the list in the specified time or in the proper format if it is responsible for the failure.
The employer must submit the voter list in an electronic format approved by the General
Counsel, unless the employer certifies that it does not have the capacity to produce the list in the
required format. I have concluded that, for ease of use of the data by the parties entitled to the
list before the election, the lists must be filed in common, everyday electronic file formats that
can be searched. Accordingly, unless otherwise agreed to by the parties, the list must be
provided in a table in a Microsoft Word file (.doc or docx) or a file that is compatible with
Microsoft Word (.doc or docx). The first column of the list must begin with each employee's
last name and the list must be alphabetized (overall or by department) by last name. Because the
list will be used during the election, the font size of the list must be the equivalent of Times New
Roman 10 or larger. That font does not need to be used but the font must be that size or larger.
A sample, optional form for the list is provided on the NLRB website at www.n/rb.gov/irhui-weclo/conchict-eleclions.

The Board stated that it is presumptively appropriate for the employer to produce
multiple versions of the list where the data required is kept in separate databases or files, so long
as all of the lists link the information to the same employees, using the same names, in the same
order and are provided within the allotted time.28 If the employer provides multiple lists, the list
used at the election will be the list containing the employees' job classifications,
The parties may not use the list for purposes other than the representation proceeding,
Board proceedings arising from it, and related matters,29

28
29

See 79 Fed, Reg.74356.

See discussion below in Section XI.

30
D. Challenges at the Election
In an election conducted pursuant to an election agreement, the parties will be responsible
for making the agreed-upon challenges. In a directed election, the Board agent conducting the
election must challenge anyone who has been permitted by the regional director or the Board to
vote subject to challenge. To assist in identifying those individuals and to avoid post-election
issues, the employer is required to include, in a separate section of the voter list, the names of
such employees along with the same information for those employees voting subject to challenge
as the required information for all other employees.
VIII. POST-ELECTION PROCEDURE AND DECISIONS
A. Final Rule Changes to Post-Election Procedures
The final rule includes changes to both Board procedure and the issuance of decisions
involving post-election matters. The changes include the following:
102.69(a) provides that, when filing objections to an election, a party must also file
an offer of proof in support of its objections, which identifies its witnesses and summarizes their
testimony. A party filing objections must also serve a copy of the objections, but not the offer of
proof, on all other parties and include a certificate of service when filing the objections.
O 102.69(c)(1)(i) provides that, where challenges and/or objections are determined
administratively without a hearing in a stipulated or regional director directed election, the
regional director may issue a certification of the results of the election, including a certification
of representative where appropriate, which shall be final unless a request for review is granted.
O 102.69(c)(1)(ii) provides that where a post-election hearing on challenges and/or
objections is conducted, it shall be scheduled for 21 days from the tally of ballots or as soon as
practicable thereafter, unless the parties agree to an earlier date.
O 102,69(c)(1)(iii) provides that a hearing officer's post-election report will be
directed to the regional director. A party may file exceptions with the regional director, who
would then issue a decision that will be final unless a request for review is granted by the Board
in a stipulated or directed election case.
O 102.69(c)(2) provides that all appeals from a regional director's post-election
decision will be discretionary, consistent with the standard of review now applied in reviewing
pre-election decisions.
B. Filing Objections - 102.69(a)
Within 7 days after the tally of ballots has been prepared, any party may file objections to
the conduct of the election or to conduct affecting the results of the election. The objections
must be submitted within this time frame, regardless of whether the challenged ballots are
sufficient to affect the results of the election. The objections must contain a short statement of
the reasons for the objections and be accompanied by a written offer of proof identifying each
witness the party would call to testify concerning the issue and summarizing the witness's
testimony. Upon a showing of good cause, the regional director may extend the time for filing
the offer of proof. The party filing the objections must serve a copy of the objections, but not the

31
written offer of proof, on each of the other parties to the case, and include a certificate of service
with the objections.
C. Processing Objections and/or Challenges - 102.69(b) and (c)
Ordinarily, regional directors should not conduct investigations where affidavits are taken
before deciding whether to set challenges or objections for hearing. Instead, the regional director
should simply evaluate each objection and the accompanying offer of proof to determine whether
the evidence described in the offer of proof "could be grounds for setting aside the election if
introduced at a hearing." Similarly, if a party has challenged a voter, the regional director should
evaluate the challenge and the parties' positions and supporting evidence to determine if the
evidence "raises substantial and material issues." If the applicable standard is met, the objection
and/or challenge should be set for hearing. The notice of hearing will be transmitted to the
parties and their designated representatives by email, facsimile, or by overnight mail (if neither
an email address nor facsimile number was provided). Where there are related objections and
charges, regions should follow the procedures outlined in CHM 11407.
If the subject matter of the objections involves regional or Board agent misconduct that
would require that a hearing officer outside the regional office be assigned to hear the matter, the
case should be transferred to another region before an order directing a hearing issues so that
exceptions to the hearing officer's report will be reviewed by the out-of-region director.
D. Post-Election Hearings - 102.69(c)
If the regional director decides to issue a notice of hearing on the objections or challenges
or both, the hearing will be scheduled for 21 days from the tally of ballots or as soon as
practicable thereafter, unless the parties agree to an earlier date or unless the regional director
consolidates the hearing with an unfair labor practice proceeding before an administrative law
judge.
In any proceeding involving a consent election where the representation case has been
consolidated with an unfair labor practice proceeding for hearing, after issuing a decision the
administrative law judge will sever the representation case and transfer it to the regional director
for further processing. If there was no consent election, the administrative law judge's
recommendations on objections and/or challenges that have been consolidated with an unfair
labor practice proceeding will be ruled upon by the Board if exceptions are filed.
The hearing will continue from day to day until completed unless the regional director
concludes that extraordinary circumstances warrant otherwise. At the hearing, any party will
have the right to appear in person, by counsel, or by other representative, to call, examine, and
cross-examine witnesses, and to introduce into the record evidence of the significant facts that
support the party's contentions and are relevant to the objections and determinative challenges
that are the subject of the hearing. The hearing officer may rule on offers of proof without
consulting with the regional director. Post-hearing briefs may be filed only upon special
permission of the hearing officer and within the time set by the hearing officer and addressing
the subjects permitted by the hearing officer.

32
E. Burdens of Proof in Post-Election Issues
With post-election objections, the objecting party bears the burden of proof relative to its
objections. Crown Bolt, Inc,, 343 NLRB 776, 777 (2004). The objecting party's burden
encompasses every aspect of a prima facie case. Sanitas Service Corp., 272 NLRB 119, 120
(1984). The burden of proof is on the objecting party to prove its case because a Boardconducted representation election is presumed to be valid. NLRB v. WFMT, 997 F.2d 269 (7th
Cir. 1993); NLRB v. Service American Corp., 841 F.2d 191, 195 (7th Cir. 1988); Progress'
Industries, 285 NLRB 694, 700 (1987).
With challenges to the ballots cast by voters, generally, the party seeking to exclude or
disenfranchise an employee or employee classification has the burden of proof to sustain the
challenge. Ohio Masonic Home, Inc., 295 NLRB 390, 393 (1989), That general assignment of
the burden of proof has been followed in the situations described below:

Agricultural employee status/exemption: AgriGeneral L.P., 325 NLRB 972 (1998).

Confidential employees: Crest Mark Packing Co,, 283 NLRB 999 (1987),

Disabled workers - employment principally characterized as rehabilitative: Goodlrill

Industries of North Georgia, Inc., 350 NLRB 32, 39 (2007).

Dual-function employee - if employee falls into a classification excluded from the

unit, burden falls on party seeking the inclusion as a dual-function employee: Harold
Becker Co., Inc., 343 NLRB 51, 52 (2004).

Independent contractor status: BKN, Inc., 333 NLRB 143, 144 (2001),

Laid-off employees - reasonable expectancy of recall: The Pavilion at Crossing

Pointe, 344 NLRB 582, 584 (2005).

Leave - employees on sick or disability leave - presumed eligible and party

contesting eligibility must affirmatively show the employee has resigned or been
discharged: Vanalco, Inc., 315 NLRB 618 (1994).

Managerial status: All,stctle Insurance Company, 332 NLRB 759 (2000); tl/lonleflore
Ijo,spilal and Medical Center, 261 NLRB 569, 572 fn. 17 (1982).

Not-on-list and other Board challenges - party seeking to exclude or disenfranchise:

Sweelner Supply Corporation, 349 NLRB 1122 (2007); Golden Fan Inn, 281 NLRB
226, 230 fn. 24 (1986).

Office clerical: The Kroger Company, 342 NLRB 202, 203 (2004).

Professional employee status - party seeking to rebut presumption in certain

classifications has burden of proof: Pontiac Osteopathic Hospital, 327 NLRB 1 172
(1999).

Quit before election - challenging party must demonstrate that the voter manifested a
clear intent to quit before the election: See Orange Blossom Manor, 324 NLRB 846,
847 (1997); cf. Foote & Davies, Inc., 262 NLRB 238, 238 (1982).

33

Strikers - economic striker abandoning interest in struck job: MY. Desserts, Inc., 299
NLRB 236, 237 (1990).

Strikers' jobs eliminated - employer's burden to prove ineligibility: Omaholine

Hydraulics Co., 340 NLRB 916, 917 (2003).

Strikers - replacement presumed permanent - party seeking to rebut presumption

has burden: G.E. Butte/11dd, Inc., 319 NLRB 1004 (1995).

Supervisory status: NLRB v. Kentucky River Community Care, Inc., 532 U.S. 706,
712 (2001).

F. Exceptions to Hearing Officer Reports - 102.69(c)(1)(iii)

In all cases, exceptions to hearing officers' reports are filed with regional directors
instead of the Board. Any party may, within 14 days from the date of the issuance of a hearing
officer's report, file with the regional director exceptions to the hearing officer's report, and a
supporting brief, if desired. Within 7 days from the last date on which exceptions and any
supporting brief may be filed, or such further time as the regional director may allow, a party
opposing the exceptions may file an answering brief with the regional director.
Briefs in support of exceptions and answering briefs may not exceed 50 pages, excluding
the subject index and table of cases and authorities, unless permission is obtained from the
regional director by motion, setting forth the reasons for exceeding the limit, filed not less than 5
days (including Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays) before the date the brief is due. If a brief
exceeds 20 pages, it must contain a subject index with page references and an alphabetical table
of cases and authorities. All documents filed with the regional director must be double-spaced
and on 8 1/2 by 11-inch paper, and be printed or otherwise legibly duplicated.
G. Regional Director Decisions in Post-Election Proceedings - 102.69(c)(2)
If exceptions are filed to the hearing officer's report, the regional director will issue a
decision, taking into account the exceptions and either affirming or rejecting the conclusions of
the hearing officer. The regional director may also remand the case to the hearing officer for
further hearing, if he or she deems it necessary. Whether or not exceptions to hearing officers'
reports are filed, regional directors' decisions should include, where appropriate, a certification
of results, including a certification of representative. If the regional director's decision orders
ballots to be opened and counted, the request for review language included in the decision in a
directed or stipulated election case should explain that requests for review to the decision and
direction of election and the director's decision to open and count must be filed with the Board
within 14 days of issuance of the regional director's post-election decision. To help protect voter
secrecy, the region should not open and count until the time for filing a request for review has
passed and no request was filed or the Board has ruled on the request for review. A post-election
decision that directs a second election does not constitute a final disposition by the regional
director, and parties may file a request for review at a later date.
When issuing decisions after receiving exceptions to post-election hearing officers'
reports, regional directors should carefully review the hearing officer's report and the exceptions
and briefs in support. The approach taken in a particular case depends largely on the hearing

34
officer's report, the nature of the exceptions, and the difficulties of the issues. A regional
director's decision might be a pro forma adoption if the hearing officer's report covers the issues
thoroughly, the exceptions basically repeat arguments made to the hearing officer, and those
arguments are properly analyzed by the hearing officer's report. However, in other cases,
regional directors may decide to specifically address the exceptions or elaborate on the hearing
officer's report,
H. Board Review of Regional Director's Post-Election Decisions - 102.62(b) and
102.67
The final rule makes the process for obtaining Board review of regional directors'
dispositions of post-election disputes parallel to that for obtaining Board review of regional
directors' dispositions of pre-election disputes.3 As is currently the case, if a consent election
has been held, the decision of the director is not subject to Board review. In cases involving
stipulated election agreements and directed elections, the Board may grant or deny requests for
review, and if the Board denies the request for review, the denial constitutes affirmance of the
actions of the regional director, The Board's granting a request for review of a regional
director's post-election decision will be discretionary, consistent with the standard of review now
applied in reviewing pre-election decisions. A party seeking review from a regional director's
post-election decision must identify a significant, prejudicial error or some other compelling
reason for Board review, just as the current rules require with regard to a request for review of a
regional director's pre-election decision,31
When no objections are filed and there are no determinative challenges, the certification
should issue immediately after the expiration of the 7-day period for filing objections. However,
if the election was directed, the certification will contain instructions on how to file a request for
review of the regional director's pre-election decision, if not previously filed.

30

Requests for Review of pre-election and post-election disputes may be filed separately or as one
document. Papers filed with the Board must be typewritten or otherwise legibly duplicated on 81/2. - by
1 I -inch plain white paper, with margins no less than one inch on each side; in a typeface no smaller than
12 characters-per-inch (elite or the equivalent); and be double spaced (except for quotations and
footnotes).
The final rule does not change the standard for granting requests for review. 102,67(d) describes the
requirements as follows: Grounds for review. The Board will grant a request for review only where
compelling reasons exist therefor, Accordingly, a request for review may be granted only upon one or
more of the following grounds:

31

(1) That a substantial question of law or policy is raised because of: (i) The absence of or (ii) A
departure from, officially reported Board precedent.
(2) That the regional director's decision on a substantial factual issue is clearly erroneous on the
record and such error prejudicially affects the rights of a party.
(3) That the conduct of any hearing or any ruling made in connection with the proceeding has resulted
in prejudicial error.
(4) That there are compelling reasons for reconsideration of an important Board rule or policy.

35

IX.

BLOCKING CHARGES - 103.20

The final rule provides that whenever a party to a representation proceeding files an
unfair labor charge and desires to block the processing of the petition, or whenever any party to a
representation proceeding desires that its previously filed unfair labor practice charge block the
further processing of a petition, the party must request that the petition be blocked and must
simultaneously file a written offer of proof in support of the charge that contains the names of
the witnesses and a summary of each witness's anticipated testimony. Accordingly, under the
final rule, the regional office will no longer block a representation case unless the party filing the
unfair labor practice charge requests that the petition be blocked and simultaneously files the
required offer of proof. Form NLRB-5546 may be used to request to block a petition and to
provide the offer of proof. The rule also requires the charging party requesting to block the
processing of a petition to promptly make its witnesses available.
X.

ELECTION CERTIFICATIONS

Consistent with the current requirement set forth in CHM 11474, when individuals in a
particular classification are voted subject to challenge either by agreement of the parties in an
election agreement or by direction of the regional director or the Board, and the challenges are
not determinative of the election results, the certification will state that the challenged
classifications are neither included in nor excluded from the bargaining unit, inasmuch as no
determination was made regarding the disputed placements. The language to be added where the
election was directed will be:
However, (unit categoiy) is neither included in nor excluded from the bargaining unit
covered by this certification, inasmuch as the [regional director] [Board] did not rule on the
inclusion or exclusion of (unit categoly) and ordered them to vote subject to challenge and
resolution of their inclusion or exclusion was unnecessary because their ballots were not
determinative of the election results.
The language to be added where the election was conducted pursuant to an election agreement
will be:
However, (unit category) is neither included in nor excluded from the bargaining unit
covered by this certification, inasmuch as the parties did not agree on the inclusion or
exclusion of (unit categoiy) but agreed to vote them subject to challenge and resolution of
their inclusion or exclusion was unnecessary because their ballots were not determinative
of the election results.
XI.

USE OF VOTER LIST - 102.62(d) and 102.67(1)

The final rule specifically provides that parties shall not use the voter list for purposes
other than the representation proceeding, Board proceedings arising from it, and related matters.
For example, parties may use the voter list information to campaign and communicate with
employees about the election, to investigate eligibility issues and/or objections, and to prepare
for a post-election hearing on determinative challenges and/or objections or a unit clarification
proceeding involving unresolved eligibility or inclusion issues that were not determinative of the
results of the election. Similar usage of the list in connection with re-run elections and unfair

36
labor practice investigations and hearings is also permitted. Some examples of violations of this
restriction are (1) selling the list to telemarketers, (2) providing it to a political campaign, or (3)
using the list to harass, coerce, or rob employees.32
A party may decide to raise allegations of misuse by filing objections to the election or an
unfair labor practice charge. A party may also choose to seek to have the attorney or other
representative responsible for this alleged breach disciplined for engaging in misconduct under
102.177 of the Board's Rules and Regulations.
The Board concluded that case-by-case adjudication is the appropriate way to consider
circumstances in which a remedial order is appropriate so that it can tailor its order to the
specific misuse and ensure that the remedy it imposes is effective.33
XII, CONCLUSION
It is my sincere hope that this guideline memorandum assists in the implementation of the
final rule, which allows us to better effectuate the policies and purposes of the Act as they relate
to representation case processing. I thank the field personnel for their commitment in adopting
and implementing the changes and for their efforts to inform the public about the changes. I
intend to continually re-evaluate the procedures set forth above to ensure they are achieving the
goals of fairly, efficiently, and expeditiously resolving questions concerning representation. In
carrying out this re-evaluation, I assure you that I will solicit the views of the NLRB staff,
practitioners, representatives, and the public, and that I will consider all suggestions when
making a determination about further guidance to the field and the public.
If you have questions related to this memorandum, please direct them to your Deputy or
Assistant General Counsel.

32

79 Fed. Reg. 74358.

33 79 Fed. Reg. 74359.