ECE-656: Fall 2011
Lecture 34a:
Monte Carlo Simulation
Mark Lundstrom
Purdue University
West Lafayette, IN USA
1
11/16/11
Damocles
SAT
Lundstrom ECE-656 F11
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outline
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Introduction
Review of carrier scattering
Simulating carrier trajectories
Free flight
Collision
Update after collision
Putting it all together
Summary
(Reference: Chapter 6, Lundstrom, FCT)
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Lundstrom ECE-656 F11
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carrier scattering
r (tC+ ) = r (tC )
+
p (tC )
E p (tC+ )
r(0)
p (0)
E [ p (0) ]
r (tC )
p (tC )
E p (tC )
1) Scattering events are assumed to
be instantaneous - scattering
changes the carriers momentum
(and energy) but not position.
2) Scattering events are treated
quantum mechanically. Carrier
motion between scattering events is
treated semi-classically
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carrier scattering
+
p (tC )
+
E p (tC )
Elastic scattering:
E p (tC+ ) = E p (tC )
p (tC )
E p (tC )
Scattering rate:
1
~ D(Ef
( Ei )
Inelastic scattering:
+
E p (tC ) E p (tC )
Isotropic scattering:
-no preferred direction
Anisotropic scattering:
-preferred direction
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total scattering rate
scattering mechanisms:
1
=
( Ei )
1
= ( Ei )
k =1 k ( Ei )
ionized impurity
acoustic phonon emission
acoustic phonon absorption
optical phonon ems
optical phonon abs
intervalley
electron-electron
electron-hole
polar optical phonon
surface roughness
etc.
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total scattering rate
typical scattering rates vs. energy
http://www.research.ibm.com/DAMOCLES/html_files/sirates.html#history
Lundstrom ECE-656 F11
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outline
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Introduction
Review of carrier scattering
Simulating carrier trajectories
Free flight
Collision
Update after collision
Putting it all together
Summary
(Reference: Chapter 6, Lundstrom, FCT)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States License.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/
Lundstrom ECE-656 F11
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carrier trajectories in 2D
E = E x x
dp
= qE
dt
x
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carrier trajectories in phase space
px (t )
E = E x x
t
x(t )
free-flight
dpx
= qE x
dt
dp y
=0
dt
tC
x=
(t ) x(0 )+ x (t ) dt
0
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t
10
MC algorithm
1) free flight for tC seconds.
r1
2) update E(tC-) and r (tC-)
3) identify collision
r2
4) update E(tC+) and p (tC+)
r3 , r4
5) Set t = 0 and repeat
Lundstrom ECE-656 F11
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outline
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Introduction
Review of carrier scattering
Simulating carrier trajectories
Free flight
Collision
Update after collision
Putting it all together
Summary
(Reference: Chapter 6, Lundstrom, FCT)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States License.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/
Lundstrom ECE-656 F11
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free flight
0
= 1 0
( E )
E
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free flight
p ( 0)
p (t )
N CF ( t )
N CF ( 0 )
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free flight time
How many carriers survive until time t + dt
without scattering?
N CF ( t + dt=
) NCF (t ) NCF (t )0 dt
dN CF ( t )
=
N CF (t ) 0
dt
N CF (t ) = N CF (0)e 0t
N CF (t )
= e 0t
N CF (0)
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free flight time
What is the probability that a carrier survives until time, t,
and then scatters between t and t + dt ?
N CF (t )
0t
=
0 dt
P (t )dt =
dt
e
0
N CF (0)
free-flight time
probability density
function
If we have a random number generator that produces
random numbers with a probability distribution, P(r), how
do we use it to choose free flight times?
P (t )dt = e t 0 dt = P (r )dr
0
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free flight times
Assume a random number generator that produces
random numbers uniformly distributed between 0 and 1.
P (r )=
dr e t 0 dt
0
=
dr e 0t 0 dt
rC
tC
rc e
dr ==
0
0t
0 dt =
e
0t t C
0
1 e 0tC
=
1
tC =
ln (1 rC )
0
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free flight distribution
1
tC = ln ( r1 )
0
tC
P ( tC )
1
=
0
0 e 0tC
tC
but, the scattering rate is not constant with energy!
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free flight
0
N
( E )
1
k =1 k ( E )
( E ) =
SELF = 0 ( E )
N +1
p ( tC )
1
0 =
k =1 k ( E )
p ( tC+ )
1
tC = ln ( r1 )
0
E
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update at end of free-flight
p (=
tC ) p (0) qE tC
t = tC
E ( tC ) = E p (tC )
r (=
tC ) r (0) + ( 0 ) tC
t =0
1) what collision terminated the free flight?
2) how does the collision affect the carriers momentum
and energy?
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L32 outline
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Introduction
Review of carrier scattering
Simulating carrier trajectories
Free flight
Collision
Update after collision
Putting it all together
Summary
(Reference: Chapter 6, Lundstrom, FCT)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States License.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/
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collision
To be continued next lecture
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