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Hydraulic Principles: Physics Review Simple Hydraulic Calculations

This document provides an overview of hydraulic principles and physics concepts. It discusses key terms like force, pressure, speed, and power. It explains the relationships between work, energy, and power. Various hydraulic calculation formulas are presented for determining power, torque, flow rate, and more. Common hydraulic system types like open-center and closed-center are defined. Pascal's law of fluid transmission of force is outlined. Example problems are given for calculating force, work, power, and flow in hydraulic systems.

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Md Elias
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63 views21 pages

Hydraulic Principles: Physics Review Simple Hydraulic Calculations

This document provides an overview of hydraulic principles and physics concepts. It discusses key terms like force, pressure, speed, and power. It explains the relationships between work, energy, and power. Various hydraulic calculation formulas are presented for determining power, torque, flow rate, and more. Common hydraulic system types like open-center and closed-center are defined. Pascal's law of fluid transmission of force is outlined. Example problems are given for calculating force, work, power, and flow in hydraulic systems.

Uploaded by

Md Elias
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Hydraulic Principles

Physics review
Simple hydraulic calculations

Physics (review)
Force (lb, N)
Torque (ft-lb, in-lb, N-m)

Force x distance

Pressure (psi, Pa, kPa, MPa)


Force / area

Linear Speed (mph, ft/s, m/s)


Rotational speed (rpm)
Flow (gpm, lpm)

Physics (review)
Work = force x distance
Energy = Work
Power = Work / time

1 hp = 550 ft-lb/s
1 kW = 1000 N-m/s

Power
Php = Flb * Vft/s / 550
PkW = FN * Vm/s / 1000

Php = Tft-lb * Nrpm / 5252


PkW = TN-m * Nrpm / 9549

Php = Ppsi * Qgpm / 1714


PkW = PkPa * Qlpm / 60

DRBs guide to the SI system


lb, ft-lb, psi all seem to be reasonably
understood
Ah, but

N
N-m
Pa (kPa, MPa)

About Pressure

14.7 psia STP (approx __ in Hg)


Gage is relative to atmospheric
Absolute is what it says absolute

What causes oil to enter a pump?

Typical pressures:

Pneumatic system
Off-road hydraulic systems

Liquids Have no Shape of their own

Liquids are
Practically Incompressible

Pascals Law

Pressure Exerted on a Confined Fluid is


Transmitted Undiminished in All
Directions and Acts With Equal Force
on Equal Areas and at Right Angles to
Them.

Application Principles
1 lb (.45kg)
Force

10 lbs (4.5kg)

10 sq in
(6.5cm2)
Piston Area

1 sq in
(.65cm2)
Piston Area
1 psi
(6.9kpa)

10

Hydraulic lever

11

Types of Hydraulic Systems


Open Center
Closed Center
The control valve that regulates the flow from the pump
determines if system is open or closed.
Do not confuse Hydraulics with the Closed Loop of the
Power Train. (Hydro)
12

Closed
Open
Center
Center
Hydraulics
Flow in Neutral

Trapped Oil

13

Extend

14

Retract

15

Neutral Again

16

Break out the calculators


3000 psi system
2 bore cylinder
Extends 24 inches in 10 seconds
Q: max force generated

work done

power used

flow required

17

Another problem
Diesel engine generating 80 hp at 2300
rpm
Q: torque available

18

Another problem
Hydraulic pump putting out 30 gpm at
3000 psi.
Q: power level

19

Another problem

Hydraulic jack with 15 lb at the handle lifting a 4000


lb (2 ton truck). Truck is lifted 12 inches with hp of
input power. Maximum pressure of 1000 psi desired.

Q: How much will the pump handle need to move?

Q2: How long will it take?

Q3: What diameter should be used for the lifting ram


(cylinder)?
20

Good sites:

Component animation:
http://home.wxs.nl/~brink494/frm_e.htm

Pumps:
http://
www.animatedsoftware.com/pumpglos/pumpglos.ht
m

Hydraulic basics:
http://hydraulicspneumatics.com/200/FPE/IndexPag
e.aspx

21

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