Process Engineering and Product

Engineering
Dr. P. M. Pandey

The Process Engineering Function

Process: It is simply a method which products can
be manufactured from raw materials.
It could also be described as a method for shaping
raw materials into usable product forms.
In this course, the term process, applies to the
shaping of metal, plastic or rubber in the raw material
states.
The course does not concern about those industries
which produce food stuffs, textiles, chemicals or
medicines. This course is also not intended for use in
relation to the industry which makes raw materials.

General Manufacturing Processes

Casting and Moulding
Machining or Cutting
Forming or Deforming
Assembly
In addition to the process for shaping raw
materials, finishing operations are used to obtain the
final quality desired. These processes include:
Cleaning, Painting, Buffing, Plating, Polishing,
Deburring, Heat treatment etc.
Nearly all products manufactured require at least
two or more of the five general processes. Therefore
process engineering deals with all five general processes

Product Engineering
The product to be manufactured is first conceived
by the engineer. This engineer determines the need for
a product. It may be an entirely new product or new
model of the old product. Experimental designs are
made ,and scale models are made and tested. Finally a
production design is created after all faults have been
corrected. Part prints are drawn to illustrate the product
graphically. All dimensions and specifications required
are included on the print. The material to be used in the
product is specified, and product name and number is
included. Functions of a product engineering
department can be itemized as follows

Product Engineering (contd)

A.

Design Product for Function

1. Build model for testing
2. Provide part prints
a.
b.
c.

Physical dimensions
Material
Special process required such as painting plating, heat
treatment, testing etc.

3. Provide tool design and construction aids

a.
b.
c.

Master layouts
Templates
Master models.

Product Engineering (contd)

4.

Provide specifications or standards manual

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Material specification
Specification for testing and inspection
Procedures for testing and inspection
Specification for threads, gears, keys, splines etc.
Procedures and specifications for joining process

Product Engineering (contd)

B.

Design the Product for Customer

Satisfaction
1. Sales appeal
a.
b.
c.

Appearance
Improvements
Design to meet the needs of the customer

2. Durability and life expectancy

Product Engineering (contd)

C.

Design the Product for Cost

1. Cost should be low enough to compete in market
2. Cost should be high enough to provide profit
3. Cost should be in correct relationship with
durability and life expectancy

D.

Design the Product for ease of Maintenance

and Assembly
1. Ease of repair
2. Ease of assembly and disassembly
3. Provide drawing for maintenance and assembly

Product Engineering (contd)

The product engineer must transmit the
Information to the process engineer so that work
May continue. Paper work passing from product to
Process engineer includes
A. Paper prints
B. Engineering releases
i. Production rate per year
ii. Sub-assembly and assembly numbers
iii. Release date-date on which processing, tooling and all
planning may start.
iv. Part name, number and material.

C.
D.

Change in part prints when revision are made

Change in engineering releases

Process Engineering
Process engineering takes place directly after
product engineering has completed the design of
product.
It takes the information from product engineer
and they create the plan for manufacture
Processing is then the function of determing
exactly how a product will be mode

Process Engineering (contd)

A.
B.

To determine the manufacturing process to be used

To determine the order of sequence of operation
necessary to manufacture the part
1. Operation routing or line up
2. Process pictures

C.

To determine and order the tooling and gauges

needed to manufacture the part
1. Orders to design
2. Orders to build
3. Orders to buy

Process Engineering (contd)

D.
E.

F.

To determine, select and order the

equipment needed to manufacture the part
To determine need for and originate orders
for all process revisions necessary when
part print changes occur
To follow up the tooling and equipment to
determine if all if all is functioning as
planned and if not, make the necessary
revisions

Process Engineering (contd)

G.

H.

I.

To provide estimates of cost of tooling and

equipment needed to manufacture new products
To determine part changes necessary to ease
manufacture or reduce cost and request part print
changes
To take part in product study groups to assist the
product engineer in the design of a product that
will be feasible and economical to make

Process Engineering (contd)

Process engineering is definitely a field requiring
incentive and creativity as well as experience. Creating
a new process may be as interesting as new product.
So many new processes are developed and process
engineering has to be up to date
Failure to use a better, low cost or safer process
due to ignorance may result into drastic losses. The
best process plan of this year may be obsolete next
year.

Product Engineering

Tooling Specification

Tool design

Tooling
Design

Equipment
specification

Process Engineering

Mfg. Specifications
1. Open routing.

Tool making Tryout

Product specification

Purchasing

Methods &work
standards

Manufacturing

Production Tooling

Production Machines

Selection of Manufacturing
Process
Manufacturing cost
Production volume and production rate
Characteristics and properties of workpiece
material
Limitation on shape and size
Surface finish and tolerance requirements
Functional requirements of the product