2.

1 ANALYSING LINEAR MOTION

Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 2

2.1 ANALYSING LINEAR MOTION

Distance and displacement
1. Types of physical quantity:
(i) has only a magnitude
Scalar quantity: ………………………………………………………………….
(ii) has both magnitude and direction
Vector quantity: …………………………………………………………………

2. The difference between distance and displacement:

(i) length of the path taken
Distance: …………………………………………………………………………
(ii) distance of an object from a point in a certain direction
Displacement: ……………………………………………………………………

3. Distance always longer than displacement.

4. Example: The following diagram shows the location of Johor Bahru and Desaru.
You can travel by car using existing road via Kota Tinggi, or travel by a
small plane along straight path.
Calculate how far it is from Johor Bahru to Desaru if you traveled by:
a. The car
b. The plane Kota Tinggi

41 km 53 km

Johor
Bahru 60 km Desaru
Solution:
Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 3

Speed and velocity

1. the distance traveled per unit time or rate of change of distance
Speed is ..…………………………………………………………………………………
2. the speed in a given direction or rate of change of displacement
Velocity is: ..……………………………………………………………………………...
3. Average of speed: total distance traveled, s (m) , v = s m s-1
time taken, t (s) t

4. Average of velocity: displacement, s (m) , v = s ms-1

Time taken, t (s) t

5. Example:
An aeroplane flies from A to B, which is located 300 km east of A. Upon reaching B, the
aeroplane then flies to C, which is located 400 km north. The total time of flight is 4
hours. Calculate
i. The speed of the aeroplane
ii. The velocity of the aeroplane

Solution:
Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 4

Acceleration and deceleration

1. Study the phenomenon below;

0 m s-1 20 m s-1 40 m s-1

The velocity of the car increases.
Observation: ………………………………………………………………………………

2. the rate of change of velocity

Acceleration is, ……………………………………………………………………….
Then, a = 20 – 0 Or, a v – u
2 t
= 10 m s-2

3. Example of acceleration;
t=2s t=2s
A B C

0 m s-1 20 m s-1 40 m s-1

Calculate the acceleration of car;

i) from A to B

ii) From B to C

4. when the velocity of an object decreases, In calculations, a

Deceleration happens ...…………………………………………………………………
will be negative
………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Example of deceleration;
A lorry is moving at 30 m s-1, when suddenly the driver steps on the brakes and it stop 5
seconds later. Calculate the deceleration of lorry.
Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 5

Analysing of motion
1. Linear motion can be studied in the laboratory using a ticker timer and a ticker tape.
(i) Determination of time:

. . . . . . . .
(ii) Determination of displacement as the length of ticker tape over a period of time.

. . . . . . .
x y
(iii) Determine the type of motion;
. . . . . . . .
………………………………………………

. . . . . . . .
...……….……………………………………
. . . . . . . .
.……………………………………………..
(iv) Determination of velocity
. . . . . . .
displacement = ……………………… time = ………………………………..
Velocity, v =

(v) Determine the acceleration

Length/cm
8 v

4 u

2
ticks
1

0
Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 6

Execise 2.1.1
Length / cm
1. Figure 2.1 shows a tape chart
consisting of 5-tick strip. Describe
16
the motion represented by AB and BC.
In each case, determine the ;
12
(a) displacement
8

4
(b) average velocity
0
igure 2.1
A B C Time/s

(c) acceleration

2. A car moving with constant velocity of 40 ms-1 . The driver saw and obtacle in front and
he immediately stepped on the brake pedal and managed to stop the car in 8 s. The
distance of the obstacle from the car when the driver spotted it was 180 m. How far is the
obstacles from the car has sttoped.

Execise 2.1.2
Note : The frequency of ticker timer is 50 Hz.

1. The diagram shows a ticker tape obtained from the motion of a trolley.

A 20 cm B

Calculate the speed from A to B.

Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 7

2. The diagram shows a ticker tape obtained from the motion of a trolley.

30 cm 5 cm

Calculate the
a) initial speed
b) final speed
c) time interval between the two speed
d) acceleration
of the trolley.

3. The diagram shows a ticker tape chart obtained from the motion of a trolley.

Each strip contains 5 ticks. Calculate the

a) initial speed
b) final speed
c) time interval between the two speed
d) acceleration of the trolley.
Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 8

Execise 2.1.3
1. A boat takes 30 seconds to travel 500 west. It then changes its direction and moves 500 m
north in 20 seconds. Calculate the
a) i) total distance
ii) displacement
b) i) average speed
ii) average velocity of the boat

2. Xiao Long cycles down a slope from a rest with a uniform acceleration of 1.25 ms -2. He
reaches the bottom in 14 seconds. Determine his
a) final velocity
b) displacement

Without stopping, he then cycles up an adjacent slope with a uniform deceleration until
he comes to a rest after traveling a distance of 60 m. Determine the deceleration.

3. A car moving at 40 ms-1 decelerates uniformly to a stop after traveling a distance of 10 m.

What is his deceleration.

4. A man running at 5 ms-1 decelerates uniformly to a stop after traveling a distance of 10 m.

What is his deceleration?

5. A car moving at 20 ms-1 starts to slow down at 4 ms -2 when it comes to a junction.

Calculate the distance travelled before it comes to a stop.

6. In an investigation, a toy car is pulled with a constant force to move on a smooth

horizontal plane from rest. The velocity of the toy car after 6 s is 9 ms -1.
i) What is the acceleration of the toy car?
ii) Determine the displacement of the toy car in 6 s.

7. A train moving at 20 ms-1 takes 10 s to accelerate to 25 ms-1.

i) Calculate its average acceleration.
ii) Calculate the distance it travels while it accelerates.
Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 9

2.2 ANALYSING MOTION GRAPHS

0m 100m 200m 300m 400m 500m displacement

0s 10s 20s 30s 40s 50s time
in the form of graph called a motion graphs
The data of the motion of the car can be presented………………………………….

The displacement-time Graph

a) displacement (m) Graph analysis:

………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………

time (s) ……………...………………………………………………

b) displacement (m) Graph analysis:

……..…………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………

time (s) ……….…………………………………………………………

c) displacement (m) Graph analysis:

…….……………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………

time (s)………………………………………………………………

d) Displacement (m) Graph analysis:

…………………………….……………………………

……………………………………………..……………

time (s) …………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………
Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 10

e) displacement (m) Graph analysis:

…………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………..
time (s)
…………………………………………………………..
f) displacement (m) Graph analysis:

A B …………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………
O C time (s)

The velocity-time Graph

a) v/ m s-1 Graph analysis:
…………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………

t t /s

b) v/ m s-1 Graph analysis:

………………………………………..………………..
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………

t t /s

c) v (m s-1) Graph analysis:

………………………………………..………………..
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………

t1 t2 t (s)
Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 11

d) v (m s-1) Graph analysis:

………………………………………..………………..
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
t (s)

e) v (m s-1) Graph analysis:

………………………………………..………………..
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………

t (s)

Examples
1. s/m Calculate:-
(i) Velocity over OP, QR and RS
(ii) Displacement
P Q
Solution :

O R
0 2 4 6 8 t/s

2.
v/m s-1 Calculate:-
(i) acceleration,a over OP, PQ and QR
10 (ii) Displacement

P Q Solution :
5

O R
0 2 4 6 8 10 t/s
Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 12

Excercise 2.2
1. (a) s/m (b) s/m (c) s/m
10

t/s 0 2 4 t/s
t/s
-5 -10

Diagram 2.21
Describe and interpret the motion of a body which is represented by the displacement
time graphs in Diagram 2.21

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Describe and interpret the motion of body which is represented by the velocity-time
graphs shown in Diagram 2.22. In each case, find the distance covered by the body and
its displacement

(a) v/m s-1 (b) v/m s-1

10

t/s 0 2 4 t/s

-5 -10

Diagram 2.22

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………
Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 13

2.3 UNDERSTANDING INERTIA

1. Meaning of inertia :
…………..………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. The relationship between mass and inertia : ……………………………….
……………………………………………………………..

Effects of inertia
1. Application of inertia
Positive effect : …………………………………………………………………………
1. Drying off an umbrella by moving and stopping it quickly.
2. Building a floating drilling rig that has a big mass in order to be stable and safe.
3. To tight the loose hammer

2. We should take a precaution to ovoid the effect.

Negative effect : ………………………………………………………………………….
1. During a road accident, passengers are thrust forward when their car is suddenly stopped.
2. Passengers are hurled backwards when the vehicle starts to move and are hurled forward
when it stops immediately.
3. A person with a heavier/larger body will find it move difficult to stop his movement.
4. A heavier vehicle will take a long time to stop.

Example:

A wooden dowel is fitted in a hole through a wooden block as shown in figure above.
Explain what happen when we

(a) strike the top of the dowel with a hammer,

A wooden block move up of a wooden dowel.
A wooden block has inertia to remains at rest.

(b) hit the end of the dowel on the floor.

The wooden block move downward of a wooden dowel.
A wooden block has inertia to continue it motion.
Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 14

2.4 ANALYSING MOMENTUM

Idea of momentum
1. i
When an object is moving, …...…………………………………………………………
2. t
Momentum is defined …………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………

Conservation of momentum

mg
mb vb vg = 0

(mb + mg)
Starting position before she catches the ball vb&g

Receiving a massive ball

vb vg
mb
mg
Starting position before she throws the ball

Throwing a massive ball

The principle of conservation of momentum :

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 15

1. Elastic collision .…………………………………………………………………………..

u1

m1 u2 v2
m2 m1
m2

Before collision after collision

2. Inelastic collision :………………………………………………………………………...

u1

u2 = 0 v
m
1 m2
m1 + m2

Before collision after collision

3. explosion : …….....…………………………………………………………………...

(m1 + m2), u = 0 v1 v2
m2

Before explosion after explosion

Example 1 :

Car A Car B
Car A of mass 100 kg traveling at 30 m s-1 collides with Car B of mass 90 kg traveling at 20 m s-1
in front of it. Car A and B move separately after collision. If Car A is still moving at 25 m s -1 after
collision, determine the velocity of Car B after collision.

Solution :
Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 16

Example 2 :
Car A of mass 100 kg traveling at 30 m s-1 collides with Car B of mass 90 kg traveling at 20
m s-1 in front of it. Car A is pulled by Car B after collision. Determine the common velocity of
Car A and B after collision.

Solution :

Example 3 :
A bullet of mass 2 g is shot from a gun of mass 1 kg with a velocity of 150 m s -1 . Calculate the
velocity of the recoil of the gun after firing.

Solution :

Exercise 2.4
1. An arrow of mass 150 g is shot into a wooden block of mass 450 g lying at rest on a
smooth surface. At the moment of impact, the arrow is travelling horizontally at 15 ms -1.
Calculate the common velocity after the impact.

2. A riffle of mass 5.0 kg fires a bullet of mass 50 g with a velocity of 80 m s -1 .Calculate the
recoil velocity. Explain why the recoil velocity of a riflle is much less than the velocity of
the bullet.
Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 17

2.5 UNDERSTANDING THE EFFECT OF A FORCE

Idea of force
1. What will happen when force act to an object?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

Idea of balanced forces

1. An object is said to be in balance when it is:
1. In a stationary state
………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Moving at uniform velocity
………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Stationary object
Normal reaction, N
……………………………… explanation :
Magnitude R = W but R acts in an
Stationary object
opposite direction to the weight.
( object is in equilibrium )
weight, w = mg

3. An object moving with uniform velocity

Normal reaction, N explanation :
Frictional force Force, F Force , F = Friction
Resultant = F – Friction
= 0 (object is in equilibrium)
weight, w = mg Examples :
1.A car move at constant velocity.
2.A plane flying at constant velocity.
Idea of unbalanced forces
1. A body is said to be in unbalanced..……………………………………………………
when it is moving in acceleration.
2. Resultant force Explanation;

The ball move in acceleration

because the forces act are not
balanced. F > F’
F F’ So, the ball move in F direction
Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 18

Relationship between forces, mass and acceleration (F = ma)

Example 1 : Calculate F, when a = 3 m s-2 dan m = 1000 kg

Example 2 :
m = 25 kg
F = 200 N

Calculate the acceleration, a of an object.

Exercise 2.5
1. A trolley of mass 30 kg is pulled along the ground by horizontal force of 50 N. The
opposing frictional force is 20 N. Calculate the acceleration of the trolley.

2. A 1000 kg car is travelling at 72 km h-1 when the brakes are applied. It comes to a stop in
a distance of 40 m. What is the average braking force of the car?

2.6 ANALYSING IMPULSE AND IMPULSIVE FORCE

Impulse and impulsive force
1. Impulse is ……………………………………………………………………………….
2. Impulsive force is ………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Formula of impulse and impulsive force:
Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 19

Example 1; v u

wall
If ; u = 10 m s-1 , v = - 10 m s-1 , m = 5 kg and t = 1 s

Impulse, Ft = and impulsive force, F =

Example 2; v u

Wall with a soft surface

If ; u = 10 m s-1 , v = - 10 m s-1 , m = 5 kg and t = 2 s

Impulse, Ft = and impulsive force, F =

4. The relationship between time of collision and impulsive force.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

Exercise 2.6
1. A force of 20 N is applied for 0.8 s when a football player throws a ball from the sideline.
What is the impulse given to the ball?

2. A stuntman in a movie jumps from a tall building an falls toward the ground. A large
canvas bag filled with air used to break his fall. How is the impulsive force reduced?
Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 20

2.7 BEING AWARE OF THE NEED FOR SAFETY FEATURES IN VEHICLES

Safety features in vehicles Reinforced passenger compartment

Head rest
Crash resistant door pillars

Windscreen

Crumple zones
Anti-lock brake system (ABS)

Traction control bumpers

Air bags

Importance of safety features in vehicles

Safety features Importance

Increases the time interval of collision so the impulsive force produced

Padded dashboard
during an impact is thereby reduced

Rubber bumper Absorb impact in minor accidents, thus prevents damage to the car.

Shatter-proof windscreen Prevents the windscreen from shattering

Acts as a cushion for the head and body in an accident and thus prevents
Air bag
injuries to the driver and passengers.

Prevents the passengers from being thrown out of the car. Slows down the
Safety seat belt
forward movement of the passengers when the car stops abruptly.

Prevents the collapse of the front and back of the car into the passenger
Side bar in doors
compartment. Also gives good protection from a side-on collision.

Crumple zone
Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 21

2.8 UNDERSTANDING GRAVITY

Acceleration due to gravity.
1. It pulled by the force of gravity.
An object will fall to the surface of the earth because………………………………...
2. as earth’s gravitational force.
The force of gravity also known ………………………………………………………...
3. the object is said to be free falling
When an object falls under the force of gravity only, ………………………………...
4. is known as acceleration due to gravity.
The acceleration of objects falling freely ………………………………………………
5. on the strength of the gravitational field
The magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity depends ………………………...
Gravitational field
1. the gravitational field of the earth.
The region around the earth is ………………………………………………………….
2. is on the force of gravity.
The object in gravitational field …………………………………………………………
3. as the gravitational force acting on a 1 kg mass.
The gravitational field strength is defined ……………………………………………..
4. The gravitational field strength, g can be calculate as;
. g= F . where, F : gravitational force
m m : mass of an object
5. At the surface of the earth, …………….
………………………………………………………………………………..
g = 9.8 N kg-1  10 Nkg-1 = 10 ms-2
6. This means
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
that an object of mass 1 kg will experience a gravitational force of 9.8 N.
Example 1.
Can you estimate the gravitational force act to your body?
mass = 60 kg, g = 9.8 N kg-1, F = ?

Example 2,
A satellite of mass 600 kg in orbit experiences a gravitational force of 4800 N. Calculate the
gravitational field strength.

Example 3,
A stone is released from rest and falls into a well. After 1.2 s, it hits the bottom of the well.
(a) What is the velocity of the stone when it hits the bottom?
(b) Calculate the depth of the well.
Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 22

Weight
1. The weight of an object is defined ……………………………………………………..
2. For an object of mass m, the weight can be calculate as :

Example :
The mass of a helicopter is 600 kg. What is the weight of the helicopter when it land on the peak
of a mountain where the gravitational field is 9.78 N kg-1?

Exercise 2.8
1. Sketch the following graphs for an object that falling freely.
(a) Displacement-time graph,
(b) Velocity-time graph
(c) Acceleration-time graph

2. The following data was obtained from an experiment to measure the acceleration due to
gravity.
Mass of steel bob = 200 g, distance covered = 3.0 m, time of fall = 0.79 s.
Calculate the acceleration due to gravity of steel bob.
Give the explanation why your answer different with the constant of gravitational
acceleration, g = 9.8 m s-2.
Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 23

2.9 IDEA OF EQUILIBRIUM FORCES

An object is in equilibrium when :
1. ………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. ………………………………………………………………………………………………

stationary object

An object moving with uniform velocity

Addition of Force
1. Addition of force is defined as a...……………………………………………………..
resultant force is a single force the
represents in magnitude and direction two or more forces acting on an object
………………………………………………………………………………………………
F resultant = the total of forces (including the directions of the forces)
………………………………………………………………………………………………

Examples : the forces are acting in one direction

F1 = 10 N
F2 = 5 N

Resultant force, F

Example : the forces are acting in opposite directions

F1 = 10 N
F2 = 5 N

Resultant force, F
Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 24

Example : the forces are acting in different directions

F2 = 5 N
500

F1 = 10 N

Parallelogram method:
1. Draw to scale.
2. Draw the line parallel with F1 to the edge of F2, and the line parallel with F2 to the
edge of F1
3. Connect the diagonal of the parallelogram starting from the initial point.
4. Measure the length of the diagonal from the initial point as the value of the
resultant force.

F2

F1

Triangle method
1. Draw to scale.
2. Displace one of the forces to the edge of another force.
3. Complete the triangle and measure the resultant force from the initial
point.

Example 1: During Sport Day two teams in tug of war competition pull with forces
of 6000 N and 5300 N respectively. What is the value of the resultant
force? Are the two team in equilibrium?
Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 25

Example 2: A boat in a river is pulled horizontally by two workmen. Workmen A

pulls with a force of 200 N while workmen while workmen B pulls with
a force of 300 N. The ropes used make an angle 250 with each other.
Draw a parallelogram and label the resultant force using scale of 1 cm :
50 N. Determine the magnitude of resultant force.

Resolution of a force
1. reverse process of finding the resultant force
Resolution of a force is …………………………………………………………………

Fy F is the resultant force of Fx and Fy

Therefore, F can be resolved
into Fx and Fy
F
Vertical
Component

Fx horizontal component

Fx
Refer to trigonometric formula:
Cos  = F , therefore Fx = F cos 
Fy
Sin  = F , therefore Fy = F sin 
Example :
The figure below shows Ali mopping the floor with a force 50 N at an angle of 60 0 to the floor.

F = 50 N
Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 26

Example of resolution and combination of forces

F=?

200 N

400

Problem solving
1. the resultant force is equal to zero.
When a system is in equilibrium, ……………………………………………………….
2. If all forces acting at one point are resolved into horizontal and vertical
the sum of each component is equal to zero.
components, ……………………………………………………………………………
3. Example 1; Show on a figure;
a) the direction of tension force, T of string
b) the resultant force act to lamp
700 700 c) calculate the magnitude of tension force, T
a) T b) T’ T

mlamp = 1.5 kg
Wlamp = 14.7 N

Exercise 2.9
1. Two force with magnitude 18 N and 6 N act along a straight line. With the aid of
diagrams, determine the maximun possible value and the minimum possible value of the
resultant force.

2. A football is kicked simultaneously by two players with force 220 N and 200 N
respectively, as shown in Figure 2.9. Calculate the magnitude of the resultant force.

220 N
90 0

200 N
Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 27

2.10 UNDERSTANDING WORK, ENERGY AND EFFICIENCY

Work
1. When a force that acts on an object moves the object through a
Work is done, ……………………………………………………………………………..
distance in the direction of the force.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. of a force and the distance traveled in the direction of the force.
WORK is the product.…………………………………………………………………….
3. The formula of work; W =Fxs

Example 1;

80 N

600

s= 5m

Example 1;

T T

F = 30 N h = 1.5 m

Example 3;

F = 600 N

s = 0.8 m
Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 28

Energy
1. It is the potential to do work.
Energy is .................................................................................................................
2. created nor be destroyed.
Energy cannot be ....................................................................................................
3. potential energy, kinetic energy, electrical
Exist in various forms such as …………………...……………………………………
energy, sound energy, nuclear energy and chemical energy.
………………………………………………………………………………………………

Work done and the change in kinetic energy

Force, F

1. energy of an object due to its motion.

Kinetic energy is …………………………………………………………………………
2. Refer to the figure above,
Work = Fs = mas = m ( ½ v2) Through, v2 = u2 +2as
The formulae of Kinetic energy, Ek = ½ mv 2 u=0
and, as = ½ v2

Example 1;
A small car of mass 100 kg is moving along a flat road. The resultant force on the car is 200 N.
a) What is its kinetic energy of the car after moving through 10 m?
b) What is its velocity after moving through 10 m?

Work done and gravitational potential energy

h = 1.5 m

energy of an object due to its position.

1. Gravitational potential energy is………………………………………………………...
(possessed by an object due to its position in a gravitational field)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Refer to the figure above;
W = Fs = mg h where, F = mg
So, Gravitational energy, Ep = mgh

Example;
If m = 10 kg, gravitational potential energy = ………………………………………….
Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 29

Principle of conservation of energy

To show the principle of conservation of energy.
1. created or destroyed but can be changed from one form to another form.
Energy cannot be ………………………………………………………………………
2. Example : a thrown ball upwards will achieve a maximum height before changing its
direction and falls
Maximum Potential energy

Kinetic energy decrease potential energy decrease

and potential energy and kinetic energy
Increase increase

Maximum kinetic energy

Example:
A coconut falls from a tree from a height of 20 m. What is the velocity of coconut just before
hitting the earth?

Power
1. the rate of doing work.
Power is …………………………………………………………………………………
workdone W
Therefore, power, P = timetaken , so, P = t
Where, P : power in watt/W
W : work in joule/J
t : time to do work in seconds/s

2. A weightlifter lifts 180 kg of weights from the floor to a height of 2 m above his head in a
time of 0.8 s. What is the power generated by the weightlifter during this time?
g = 9.8 ms-2)
Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 30

Efficiency
1. as the percentage of the energy input that is transformed into useful energy.
Defined……..…………………………………………………………………………….
2. Formulae of efficiency :
Useful energy output
Efficiency= ×100 %
Energyinput
3. Analogy of efficiency;
unwanted energy

Energy input, Einput Device/ Useful energy, Eoutput

mechine

Energy transformation

Example;
An electric motor in a toy crane can lift a 0.12 kg weight through a height of 0.4 m in 5 s. During
this time, the batteries supply 0.8 J of energy to the motor. Calculate
(a) The useful of output of the motor.
(b) The efficiency of the motor

Exercise 2.10
1. What is the work done by a man when he pushes a box with a force of 90 N through a
distance of 10 m? State the amount of energy transferred from the man to the force.

2. A sales assistant at a shop transfers 50 tins of milk powder from the floor to the top shelf.
Each tin has a mass of 3.0 kg and the height of thee top shelf is 1.5 m.

(a) Calculate the total work done by the sales assistant.

(b) What is his power if he completes this work in 250 s?

Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 31

2.11 APPRECIATING THE IMPORTANCE OF MAXIMISING THE

EFFICIENCY OF DEVICES

1. During the process of transformation the input energy to the useful output energy,
some of energy transformed into unwanted forms of energy.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
2. The efficiency of energy converters is always less than 100%.
.……………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. The unwanted energy produced in the device goes to waste.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
Example of wasting the energy;
Kinetic energy
………..…………………
Input enegy
from the petrol output energy

Energy loss due to Energy loss Energy loss Energy loss due to friction at
friction in as heat as sound other parts in the
moving parts engine
4. The world we are living in face acute shortage of energy.
5. It is very important that a device makes
the best possible use of the input energy.
…………………………………………………………………
Ways of increasing the efficiency of devices
1. Engine must be designed with the capability to produce greater amount
Heat engines ……………………..………………………………………………………
of mechanical work.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Electrical devices. ...……………………………………………………………………...
Light Fittings
………………………………………………………………………………………………
- replace filament light bulb with fluorescent lamps which have higher efficiency.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
- use a lamp with a reflector so that the illumination can be directed to specific areas
………………………………………………………………………………………………
of the user.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
Air-conditioners.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
- choose a model with a high efficiency.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
- accommodate the power of air-conditioner and the size of the room
………………………………………………………………………………………………
- Ensure that the room totally close so that the temperature in the room can be
………………………………………………………………………………………………
maintained.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
Operation of electrical devices
1. when they are in good operating
The electrical devices increase the efficiency………………………………….……
2. condition.will increase the life span of device.
Proper management ….....………………………………………………………………
3. Example : the filter in an air-conditioner and fins of the cooling coil of a refrigerator
…………..………………………………………………………………………………
must be periodically cleaned.
Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 32

2.12 UNDERSTANDING ELASTICITY

1. the property of an object that enables it to return its original shape and
Elasticity is ……………………………………………………………………………...
dimensions after an applied external force is removed.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. The property of elasticity is caused by the existence of forces of
Forces between atoms …………………………………………………………………..
repulsion and attraction between molecules in the solid material.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Forces between atoms in equilibrium condition

Force of attraction

Force of repulsion Force of repulsion

Explanation :
1. The atoms are separated by a distance called the equilibrium distance and
………………………………………………………………………………………………
vibrate at it position.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Force of repulsion = Force of attraction
………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. Forces between atoms in compression

compressive force
compressive force

Force of repulsion Force of repulsion

Explanation ;
1. Force of repulsion takes effect.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. When the compressive force is removed, force of repulsion between the atoms pushes
………………………………………………………………………………………………
the atom back to their equilibrium positions.
………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. Forces between atoms in tension

force of attraction

stretching force stretching force

Explanation ;
1. Force of attraction takes effect.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. When the compressive force is removed, force of repulsion between the
………………………………………………………………………………………………
atoms pushes the atom back to their equilibrium positions.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 33

Hooke’s Law
1. that the extension of a spring is directly proportional to the applied
Hooke’s Law states ………………………………………………………………………
force provided that the elastic limit is not exceeded.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. as the maximum force that can be applied to
Elastic limit of a spring is defined……………………………………………………….
spring such that the spring will return to its original length when the force released.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. when the length of the
The spring is said to have a permanent extension,...…………………………………
spring longer than the original length even though the force acts was released and the
………………………………………………………………………………………………
elastic limit is exceeded.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. When the spring obey Hooke’s Law.
The elastic limit is not exceeded,…………………………………………….…………
The mathematical expression for Hooke’s Law is : F µ x
………………………………………………………………………………………………
F = kx, k = Force constant of the spring
Force constant, k = F with unit N m-1, N cm-1 or N mm-1
x

5. Graf F against x
F/ N
Q P
F = kx E
Spring obeying
Hooke’s Law Spring not obeying Hooke’s law
(exceeded the elastic limit)

Force constant, k = F with unit N m-1, N cm-1 or N mm-1

x
0
R x (cm)

6. Spring Constant, k
F/N
0.8

0 8 x/cm
Example 1;
A spring has an original length of 15 cm. With a load of mass 200 g
attached, the length of the spring is extend to 20 cm.
a. Calculate the spring constant.
b. What is the length of the spring when the load is in increased by 150 g?
[assume that g = 10 N kg-1]
Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 34

Graph F against x of spring P and spring Q

Example 2; F (N)
The graph shows the relationship between the stretching
force, F and the spring extension, x. 8 P
(a) Calculate the spring constant of P and Q.
(b) Using the graph, determine the 7
stretching force acts to spring P and
spring Q, when their extension are 0.5 cm 6 Q

2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 x (cm)

Elastic potential energy 1

1. the energy stored in a spring 0when it is extended or compressed

Elastic potential energy ………………………………………………………………..
spring with the original length
F compression
spring compressed

spring extended

Other situation where the spring

extended and compressed

Relationship between work and elastic potential energy

Graph F against x
F/N Area under the graph = work done
= ½ Fx
So, Elastic potential energy = ½ Fx
F
x

x / cm

Example ;
5 kg

15 cm
8 cm
Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 35

Factors that effect elasticity

Hands-on activity 2.13 on page 42 the practical book to investigate the factors that affect
elasticity.

Type of material different same same same

Diameter of spring wire same different same same
Diameter of spring same same different same
Length of spring same Same same different

Summarise the four factors that affect elasticity

Factor Change in factor Effect on elasticity
Shorter spring Less elastic
Length
Longer spring More elastic
Smaller diameter Less elastic
Diameter of spring
Larger diameter More elastic
Smaller diameter More elastic
Diameter of spring wire
Larger diameter Less elastic
Type of material the elasticity changes with the type of materials

Exercise 2.12
1. A 6 N force on a spring produces an extension of 2 cm. What is the extension when the
force is increased to 18 N? State any assumption you made in calculating your answer.

2. If a 20 N force extends a spring from 5 cm to 9 cm,

(a) what is the force constant of the spring?

(b) Calculate the elastic potential energy stored in the spring.

Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 36

1. A tick on a ticker tape means …….

A. the distance between two dots

B. the time taken to make two consequence dots.
C. the speed of the motion of the ticker tape.
D. The frequency of the vibration.

2. Diagram shows a ticker tape is pulled by a trolley.

Direction of movement

1.0 cm 1.5 cm 2.0 cm 2.5 cm

The trolley acceleration is…..

A decreased B constant C increased

3. An oil drips at a constant rate from a moving car. The diagram shows the pattern
of the drips on the road.
Minyak menitis pada kadar seragam dari kereta yang sedang bergerak. Gambar
rajah menunjukkan corak titisan di atas jalan raya.

arah gerakan
Which statement describes the motion of the car?
Manakah pernyataan yang menerangkan gerakan kereta tersebut?
A It accelerated and then moved at a steady speed.
Ia memecut dan kemudiannya bergerak dengan laju seragam.
B It accelerated and then decelerated.
Ia memecut dan kemudiannya menyahpecut.
C It moved at a steady speed and then decelerated.
Ia bergerak dengan laju seragam dan kemudiannya menyahpecut.
D It moved at a steady speed and then accelerated.
Ia bergerak dengan laju seragam dan kemudiannya memecut.

4. A boy walks 8 m due east from a point R and then 6 m due north. What is the
total distance travelled?

A 2m
Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 37

B 10 m
C 14 m
D 28 m
E 48 m

5. Diagram shows a track for 200m event. An athlete has finished the race in 25 s.
Rajah menunjukkan trek bagi acara larian 200 m.Seorang atlit telah menamatkan
larian dalam acara tersebut dalam masa 25 s.

What is the velocity of the athelete ?

Berapakah halaju atlit itu ?
350 200 150 25 25
A. 25 B. 25 C. 25 D. 150 E. 200

6. If acceleration is zero, the velocity is

A. zero C. increases constantly

B. constant D. decreases constantly

7. Diagram shows the path taken by a cyclist along a rectangular track.

6m

8m

A 6m C 10 m E 28 m
B 8m D 14 m

8. The table gives the information about the motion of four cars. Which car moved
with the largest average speed?

Distance travelled (m) Time taken (s)

Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 38

A 899 23
B 792 19
C 851 21
D 811 20
−2
9. A lorry starts from rest with a constant acceleration of 3 ms . What is its
velocity after 6 seconds?
−2 −2 −2
A 0.5 ms B 2.0 ms C 18.0 ms
−2 −2
D 36.0 ms E 40.0 ms

10. Figure shows a section of a ticker tape which was pulled by a trolley through a
ticker timer .

Direction of motion

. . . . . . . . . . . .

0.4 cm 2.4 cm
If the ticker timer is operated by a power supply with a frequency of 50 Hz, what
is the acceleration of the trolley ?

A 5 ms-2 B 8 ms-2
C 10 ms-2 D 20 ms-2

11. The diagram shows a tape charts. Every strip has 5 ticks.
Lenght, l/cm
6

If the frequency used is 50 Hz , calculate the acceleration

A 50.0 cms-2 B 60.0 cms-2 C 80.0 cms-2
-2 -2
D 90.0 cms E 100.0 cms
12. Figure shows a trolley placed on a friction-compensated runway. The trolley
will ….
Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 39

A. move with an increasing velocity.

B. move with decreasing velocity.
C. move with a constant velocity.
D. remain stationary.

13. The cylinder oil tank of En. Ali’s car is leaking. Lubricant spot are seen along the
road from A to B as shown below.
A B

En. Ali’s car

10 m 15 m 20 m

It can be concluded that En Ali’s car is moving with …

A constant acceleration B constant deceleration

C zero acceleration D acceleration that is decreasing constantly.

14. Diagram below is a graph which shows the displacement-time graph of four
objects.
s/m

A
B

0 t/s

Which object is at rest?

A. Object A B. Object B C. Object C D. Object D

Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 40

15. Which displacement-time graph represent the motion of an object moving at

constant velocity ?
Graf sesaran –masa yang manakah berikut mewakili pergerakan suatu objek
dengan halaju tetap ?
s/m s/m

t/s t/s
A B

s/m s/m

16. Diagram shows the velocity – time graph of an object.

v / ms-1

t/s t/s
C D

0 t/s

Which of the following statements is correct.

A. The displacement of the object is zero.

B. The gradient of the graph represents the displacement of the object.
C. The area under the graph represents the displacement of an object.
Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 41

17. Which graph shows an increasing acceleration?

A B

C D

18. Diagram shows the acceleration-time graph of two cars traveling on a straight
road.
a / m s-2
Car A
Car B

t/s
Which of the following statements is correct?.

A. Car A changed its speed at point X.

B. The two cars move at same speed all the time.
C. Car B has a larger acceleration than Car B.
Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 42

19. A van accelerates from rest position. The acceleration is decreased while going
up a hill. Which of the following graphs represent the change of velocity of the
van, v varies with time ,t ?
Sebuah van memecut dari keadaan pegun. Pecutannya semakin berkurang
apabila menaiki bukit. Graf manakah menunjukkan perubahan halaju, v dengan
masa, t van tersebut ?

20. Diagram shows a displacement – time graph for the motion of an object.
Displacement (m)

10

Time (s)
0 2 4 6 8

The momentum of the object is zero from

A 0 s to 2 s
B 2 s to 4 s
C 2 s to 6 s
D 6 s to 8 s
E 0 s to 8 s
21. Figure shows the velocity-time graphs of Adnan, Hamid and Lim respectively
travelling along a straight road.
Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 43

v/ms-1 v/ms-1
Adnan Hamid

6 6

4 4

2
t/s t/s
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
v/ms-1
Lim

1 2 3 4 t/s

If all the three of them started their journey from the same place at the same time,
arrange their name in accordance to increasing order of their displacements from
the starting point.

A. Adnan, Hamid, Lim C. Adnan, Lim, Hamid

B. Hamid,Lim, Adnan D. Lim, Adnan, Hamid

22. Figure shows the velocity-time graph of a moving object. From the following
statements, which one is true regarding the acceleration of motion?
v/ms-1
20

15

7 15 25 t/s
A Acceleration occurs at the first seven seconds.
B The acceleration and deceleration respectively are non uniform after the
first seven seconds.
C The value of the acceleration is bigger than the value of deceleration.
D The acceleration is zero for the first seven seconds.
23. Which of the following graphs show motion at a constant velocity?
Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 44

A C
displacement acceleration

time time

B D
velocity acceleration

time time

24. The graph shows the motion of a car in a straight line.

Graf menunjukkan halaju – masa bagi satu gerakan.

v/ms-1

16

12

0 20 25
10 t/s
What is the time taken by the car to travel at a distance of 260 m?
Berapakah masa yang diambil oleh kereta itu untuk bergerak sejauh 260 m?

A 5 seconds C 15 seconds
5 saat 15 saat
B 10 seconds D 20 seconds
10 saat 20 saat
Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 45

25. Diagram shows a graph of velocity versus time for a car driver. Which of the
following statements expresses the conclusion made based on the graph?.

A. The initial acceleration of the driver was 4 m s-2

B. The deceleration of the car was 4 m s-2
C. The total distance traveled by the driver was 144 m
D. His car did not move between the time t = 4 s and t = 12 s.

26. The velocity-time graph below shows the movement of an object.

Graf halaju-masa berikut menunjukkan pergerakkan suatu objek.

Which acceleration-time graph below shows the movement of the object?

Antara graf pecutan –masa di bawah yang manakah menunjukkan pergerakkan
bagi objek itu?

27. Which of the folowing graphs shows a constant velocity ?

Physics Module – Forces & Motion (by nick SMSHS) 46

A B
s/m s/m

t/s t/s

C D
s/m
s/m

t/s t/s

28. Which of the following is true regarding the motion of an object having zero
acceleration?

A The object is moving with uniform velocity

B The object is moving with minimum velocity.
C The object is moving with maximum velocity

29. Which of the following graphs represents a car moving with zero acceleration ?

A v/ms-1 a/ms-2

t/s D t/s

C v/ms-1 a/ms-2

t/s t/s
Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) 47

29. The graph shows the speed of the car at positions P,Q,R,S and T.
Graf menunjukkan kelajuan sebuah kereta pada kedudukan P,Q,R,S dan T.

V/ ms-1

Which part the

acceleration of the car is zero ?
Pada bahagian manakah berikut,pecutan kereta itu S T ?
adalah sifar

A. PQ
B. PR
C. QS R
D. ST

30. Which of the following quantities increase when an object is moving along a
straight line with uniform acceleration?
Antara kuantiti berikut, yang manakah bertambah apabila suatu objek bergerak
sepanjang satu garis lurus dengan pecutan seragam?
Q
I Distance / Jarak
II Velocity / Halaju
III Time taken / Masa yang diambil
P t/s
A I and II only
B I and III only
C II and III only
D I, II and III
Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) 48

31. The table shows mass and velocity for car X, Y and Z.
Jadual menunjukkan jisim dan halaju bagi kereta,X, Y dan Z.

Car Mass (kg) Velocity (ms-1)

kereta Jisim(kg) halaju( ms-1)
X 2 000 5
Y 1 500 3
Z 1 000 7

Which of the following statements is correct?

Pernyataan manakah yang benar.

A Car Z has the greatest inertia

Inersia kereta Z paling besar
B Car Y has the greatest momentum
Momentum kereta Y paling besar
C Car X has the greatest momentum
Momentum kereta X paling besar.
D Car Y has the greatest kinetic energy
Tenaga kinetik kereta Y paling besar

32. The diagram shows a coin is placed on a cardboard covering the top of a beaker.
When the card is quickly pulled horizontally , the coin falls into the beaker.

Coin

Card

Beaker

Which property of the coin makes this possible?

A Density
B Inertia
C Volume
D Thickness
Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) 49

33. Figure shows four blocks of wood stacked on top of each other.

Block Y is suddenly knocked out of the stacks with a hammer. Block X does not
follow the direction of movement of block Y because it has

A weight
B momentum
C inertia
D friction

34. “ A heavy lorry is difficult to start moving and difficult to stop it moving”.
“ Sebuah lori yang berat sukar untuk memulakan gerakan dan sukar untuk
diberhentikan”.

This statement is refers to

Pernyataan ini adalah merujuk kepada

A. the concept of balanced force

konsep kesaimbangan daya

B. the concept of inertia

konsep inersia

C. the principle of conservation of momentum

prinsip keabadian momentum

D. the principle of conservation of energy.

Prinsip keabadian tenaga.

35. Diagram shows a pillion rider moving backwards when the motorcycle
accelerates.

The backward movement of the pillion rider can be explained by

A the concept of equilibrium of forces

B the principle of conservation of momentum
C the concept of inertia
Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) 50

36. Diagram (a) and (a) show a consumer shopping in a supermarket. Initially he
pushes an empty trolley and later a full trolley. The shopper finds it more difficult
to push a full trolley than an empty trolley.

Diagram (a) Diagram (b)

This situation happened because……..

A the inertia of empty trolley is greater than that of full trolley

B the momentum of empty trolley is greater than that of full trolley
C the inertia of the full trolley is greater than that of the empty trolley
D the kinetic energy of the empty trolley is greater than that of the full trolley

37. A fully loaded lorry in motion is difficult to stop because

A it is traveling with high speed

B its inertia is very big
C its mass is very big
D the principle of conservation of energy

38. Which object has the largest inertia?

Objek manakah mempunyai inersia paling besar?

A B

Mass / Jisim = 90 kg Mass / Jisim = 360 kg

Speed / Laju = 20 m s–1 Speed / Laju = 40 m s–1

C D

Mass / Mass = 1000 kg Mass / Jisim = 12000 kg

Speed / Laju = 38 m s–1 Speed / Laju = 3 m s–1
Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) 51

39. A student finds it more difficult to stop a moving golf ball which is heavier than a
ping-pong ball. The observation can be explained by
A.inertia concept
B.impulsive force concept
C.resultant force concept
D.principle of the conservation of momentum

40. A student finds it more difficult to stop a moving golf ball which is heavier than a
ping-pong ball. The observation can be explained by concept of
Seorang pelajar mendapati lebih sukar memberhentikan gerekan sebiji bola golf
yang berat berbanding dengan sebiji bola ping-pong yang ringan. Pemerhatian
ini dapat diterangkan dengan menggunakan konsep
A inertia
inersia
B impulsive force
daya impuls
C resultant force
daya paduan
D conservation of momentum
keabadian momentum

41. Inertia balance is used to compare the masses of two different objects by
determining the
Neraca inersia digunakan untuk membandingkan perbezaan dua objek dengan
menentukan
A amplitude of vibrations of the balance
amplitud getaran oleh neraca
B period of vibration of the balance
tempoh getaran oleh neraca
C length of the blade of the balance
panjang mata neraca
D axis of vibrations of the balance
paksi getaran neraca

42. Diagram shows a cat shaking its body from head to tail to shed the water when
it gets wet.

The cats shakes water from its coat using

A the concept of inertia
B the concept of equilibrium of forces
C the principle of conservation of energy
D the principle of conservation of momentum
Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) 52

43. Which of the object has the greatest inertia?

A. B

C. D.

44. What is the property of a body which tends to resist changes acting on it ?

A. Inertia
B. Impulse
C. Energy
D. Power.

45. The diagram shows a book falling down from a table.

Which physical quantity of the book increases while it is falling?

A Mass B Kinetic energy

C Acceleration D Potential energy

Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) 53

46. The figure shows 5 hanging ball bearings A,B,C, D,E which are of the same
mass.

A B C D E

What will happen when ball bearing A is pulled up and then released with
velocity, v.

A. velocity of ball bearing A will decrease, velocity of ball bearing D will

increase
B. ball bearings B,C,D,E moving with the same velocity, v
C. ball bearing A will stop moving, ball bearing E will move with the same
velocity, v
D. all the ball bearings A,B,C,D,E moving with the same velocity, v

47. Diagram shows two metal spheres, S and R.

4 kg
2kg

Sphere S Sphere R

Which of the following statements is true when S and R are in free fall?

A The velocities of S and R are the same

B The accelerations of S and R are the same
C The momentum of S and R are the same
D The gravitational forces acting on S and on R are the same
Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) 54

48. Figure shows a leaf and a stone being released at the same time.
Gambarajah menunjukkan sehelai daun dan sebiji batu yang dilepaskan pada
masa yang sama.

leaf stone

ground

The stone reaches the ground faster than the leaf because
Batu tersebut akan mencecah tanah terlebih dahulu daripada daun kerana

A the stone has a greater mass.

batu tersebut berjisim lebih besar
B air resistance acted on the stone is smaller.
rintangan udara yang bertindak ke atas batu tersebut adalah kecil
C the force of gravity acted on the stone is greater than the force of gravity
acted on the leaf.
daya tarikan graviti yang bertindak ke atas batu lebih besar daripada
daya tarikan graviti yang bertindak ke atas daun
D the force of gravity acted on the leaf is greater than the force of gravity
acted on the stone.
daya tarikan graviti yang bertindak ke atas daun lebih besar daripada
daya tarikan graviti yang bertindak ke atas batu

49. Which of the following statement is true?

Antara pernyataan berikut yang manakah benar?

A Weight depends on the gravitational field strength

Berat dipengaruhi oleh kekuatan medan graviti
B Weight is a scalar quantity
Berat adalah suatu kuantiti skalar
C Weight is measured in kilogram
Berat diukur dalam unit kilogram
D Weight is the matter of an object.
Berat ialah kuantiti jirim suatu jasad
Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) 55

50. Diagram shows two steel ball bearings, P and Q, being dropped near the surface of
the earth.
Rajah menunjukkan dua biji bebola keluli, P dan Q, dijatuhkan berhampiran
dengan permukaan bumi.

P Q

Which are the correct velocity-time graphs for the motion of P and Q?
Antara graf halaju-masa berikut, yang manakah betul bagi gerakan P dan Q?

A v Q B v
P Q

0 t 0 t

v v Q
Q
C D P
P

0 t 0 t

51. Figure shows a durian falling from a tree.

What is the physical quantity that is constant when the durian falls?

A. Velocity
B. Momentum
C. Acceleration
D. Kinetic Energy
 Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) 56

52. A ball is thrown upwards to a height of h m from the ground. Which of the
following is true about the motion of the ball ?

A. Its kinetic energy is constant throughout the motion.

B. The time taken to reach a height of h metres is the same as the time taken
to fall from a height of h metres to the ground.
C. The gravitational attraction at the height h is zero.

53. A boy of mass 50 kg stands in a lift. His weight reaches 500 N when …….
(given g = 10 N kg-1 )

A. the lift moves upwards with a constant velocity.

B. the lift moves downwards with a constant acceleration.
C. the lifts fall freely.

54. Which of the following will change when a coconut falls freely?

A Mass
B Acceleration
C Momentum
D Weight

55. Mawi rides his bicycle starting from rest and accelerates at a uniform rate
of 0.5 ms-2

u=0 t= ?

100 m
What is the time taken to travel a distance of 100 m?

A 5.0 s B 10.0 s C 15.0 s

D 20.0 s E 25.0 s

56. David Beckham kicks a ball from a free kick point with a speed of 10 ms -1 and the
ball reaches the goal post after 2 s. If the distance from the free kick point to the
goal post is 12 m, calculate the speed of the ball when it reaches the goal post.

A 1.5 ms-1 B 2.0 ms-1 C 2.5 ms-1

D 3.0 ms-1 E 3.5 ms-1
 Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) 57

57. An object was released at a height of 50 m. What is the time taken to reach the
ground ?
Satu objek dilepaskan pada ketinggian 50 m. Berapakah masa yang diambil
untuk sampai ke lantai?

A 1.0 s B 2.2 s C 3.2 s

D 5.0 s E 100 s

58. Diagram shows a man releases a stone into a well. If the distance between the
top of the well and the water surface is 30 m, what is the time required for the
stone to reach the surface of the water?

30 m

30 m

A 6.12 s B 3.65 s
C 4.27 s D 2.45 s

59. Figure shows a high-jumper falls on a thick mattress.

The purpose of putting a mattress after the bar is to

A. decrease the impulsive force

B. decrease the stopping time of the high-jumper.
C. decrease the velocity of the high-jumper.

60. Impulsive force is defined as

A. The change in impulse

B. The difference in pressure
C. The rate of change in momentum
Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) 58

61. Diagram shows a trolley with an electric fan.

Rajah menunjukkan sebuah troli dengan kipas elektrik.
Electric fan
Air flow Kipas elektrik
Aliran udara

Trolley
Troli

What happens to the trolley when the electric fan is switched on?
Apakah yang berlaku kepada troli itu apabila kipas elektrik dipasang?

A Moves to the right / Bergerak ke kanan

B Moves to the left / Bergerak ke kiri
C Remains stationary / Kekal pegun
D Moves to the right and to the left / Bergerak ke kanan dan ke kiri

62. When the hammer hits the release spring in diagram below, both of the trolleys,P
and Q move out at opposite direction.
Apabila tukul diketuk pada pelepas spring dalam rajah di bawah, kedu-dua troli
P dan Q bergerak dalam arah bertentangan..

Which of the following caused both of the trolleys reached the wooden block at
the same time?
Antara berikut, yang manakah menyebabkan kedua-dua troli sampai ke bongkah
kayu pada masa yang sama?

Mass of trolley P Mass of trolley Q Distance of P Distance of Q

Jisim troli P Jisim troli Q Jarak P Jarak Q
A 0.4kg 0.8kg 0.2m 0.4m
B 0.4kg 0.8kg 0.4m 0.8m
C 0.8kg 0.4kg 0.8m 0.4m
D 0.8kg 0.4kg 0.4m 0.8m
63. Figure shows two identical trolleys joined together on a smooth horizontal
Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) 59

surface.
When the pin is hammered in, the trolleys move in opposite directions.

Which of the following quantities are the same for both trolleys?

A Velocity C Momentum
B Acceleration D Kinetic energy

64. The linear momentum of an object of mass m, moving with a velocity, v is

defined as

A. The product of its mass and its velocity

B. The product of its displacement and its time taken
C. The product of its mass and its acceleration

65. The Principle of Conservation of Momentum states that

A. The total energy of a closed system is constant, if there is external force

acting on it.
B. The total energy of a closed system is constant, if there is no external
force acting on it.
C. The total momentum of a closed system is constant, if there is no external
force acting on it.
D. The total momentum of a closed system is constant, if there is external
force acting on it

66. Diagram shows two identical trolleys M and N moving towards one another.

M N
They collide and come to rest at the point of impact. From this observation we
can conclude that the trolleys have

A. equal masses C. equal and opposite velocities

B. equal kinetic energy D. equal and opposite momentum
Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) 60

67. A bullet of mass 10 g is fired from a gun of mass 490 g. The bullet leaves the gun
with a speed of 120 m s-1. Find the initial speed of recoil of the gun.

A. 2.4 m s-1 D. 8.8 m s-1

B. 4.8 m s-1 E. 9.0 m s-1
C. 7.4 m s-1

68. A man of mass 50 kg stands on a stationary boat of mass 25 kg.

Figure shows him jumping out of the boat on to a jetty at a velocity 4 ms-1.
v = 4 ms-1

Calculate the velocity of the boat as the man jumps.

A 2 ms-1
B 4 ms-1
C 6 ms-1
D 8 ms-1
E 10 ms-1

69. The diagram shows a squid moving forward by discharging a jet of water from
its body.

The forward movement of the squid can be explained by

A conservation of energy
B Newton’s First Law of motion
C conservation of momentum
D Newton’s second law of motion
Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) 61

70. Which of following statements best describes an elastic collision between two
objects?

A Only momentum is conserved.

B Only kinetic energy is conserved.
C Momentum and kinetic energy are conserved.
D Total energy, momentum and kinetic energy are conserved.

71. Diagrams shows a karate – do presenter moves his hand so fast and stops it
when his hand touches the brick so that

A the collision time will be longer

B the impulsive force will increase
C the bricks will crack and break together

72. In an inelastic collision, which of the following quantity remains constant before
and after the collision?
Dalam perlanggaran tak kenyal, kuantiti yang manakah tidak berubah sebelum
dan selepas perlanggaran.?

A Total acceleration / jumlah pecutan

B Total velocity / jumlah halaju
C Total momentum / jumlah momentum
D Total kinetic energy / jumlah tenaga

73. The effect of impusive force can be reduced by

A increasing the time of contact

B increasing the velocity of impact
C increasing the mass of colliding object
D increasing the hardness the crushed surface.
Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) 62

74. Diagram (a) shows a frog of mass 0.1 kg stands on a stationary leaf of mass
0.01 kg.

leaf
2 ms-1
frog

water
Diagram (a) Diagram (b)

When it jumps out of the leaf at a velocity of 2 ms-1, calculate the velocity of the
leaf as the frog jumps.

A 1 ms-1 B 2 ms-1 C 10 ms-1

D 20 ms-1 E 25 ms-1

75. Which of the following games does not require impulsive force

A table tennis
B football
C golf
D badminton
E dart

76. Diagram shows a softball player catching a fast-moving ball.

P

Q
S

In which direction should the player moves his hand in order to decrease the
impulsive force before the ball stops?

A P B Q
C R D S
Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) 63

77. The following statements are true about impulse and impulsive force except

A Impulse is the rate of change of momentum

B Both impulse and momentum have the same unit.
C Impulsive force increases when the time of impact decreases.
D The car bumpers are made easily folded to reduce impulsive force

78. Which of the following situation is not a benefit of impulsive force?

Antara situasi berikut yang manakah tidak menunjukkan kebaikan daya impuls?

A Hammer a nail into a wood

Menukul paku ke dalam kayu
B Hit a ball using a racket
Memukul bola menggunakan rakat
C Collision between two vehicles
Perlanggaran diantara dua kenderaan
D Pushing a needle to sew a button onto a shirt
Menolak jarum bagi menjahit butang baju

79. Why are the front and rear sections of a car are designed to crumple easily ?
Mengapalah bahagian hadapan dan belakang kereta direka bentuk supaya
mudah remuk ?

A To increase the time of impact

Untuk memanjangkan masa pelanggaran
B To decrease the momentum
Untuk mengurangkan momentum
C To increase the friction
Untuk menambahkan geseran
D To decrease the impulse
Untuk mengurangkan impuls

80. Impulsive force is defined as

Daya impuls didefinisikan sebagai

A the change in impulse

perubahan impuls
B. the difference in pressure
perbezaan tekanan
C. the rate of change of momentum
kadar perubahan momentum
Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) 64

81. The advertisement of a car manufacturer states that their car has bumpers fitted
with shock absorbers. What is the additional advantage of this feature?

A To ensure that the car is not smashed up in an accident.

B To ensure that the car will decelerate in an accident.
C Guarantees that all passengers are not injured in an accident.
D To increase the time interval of interaction in a collision so that the impulsive
force can be minimized.

82. A ball is being kicked by a force of 10 N. If the force is exerted in 0.2 s,

what is the impulse experienced by the ball ?
Sebiji bola ditendang dengan daya 10 N. Jika daya dikenakan dalam masa 0.2 s,
berapakah impuls yang dialami oleh bola?

A 0.8 N s B 2.0 N s
C 10.2 N s D 30.0 N s

83. In sports, thick mattress is used in events such as the high jump and pole
vaulting. What is the function of the mattress?.

A To reduce the collision time between the athletes and the mattress
B To reduce the change of momentum of the athletes when he hits the mattress
C To reduce the impulsive force acting on the athletes when he hits the mattress.

84. Diagram show a car.

The front and back parts of a car are designed to crumple easily during a crash
so that

A the collision time will be longer

B the impulsive force will increase
C prevent the passengers from being thrown forwards

85. Unit for impulse is same with unit for

Unit impuls adalah sama dengan unit

A Force C Energy
Daya Tenaga
B Momentum D Power
Momentum Kuasa
Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) 65

86. Diagram shows the condition of a car after an accident.

Rajah menunjukkan keadaan sebuah kereta selepas satu kemalangan.

Crumple zone
Zon remuk

The function of the crumple zone of the car is to reduce the

Fungsi zon remuk kereta itu adalah untuk mengurangkan

A inertia / inersia
B momentum / momentum
C impulsive force / daya impuls
D gravitational force / daya graviti

87. The diagram shows a car with a bumper fitted with shock absorbers.

Bumper

The advantage of using the bumper fitted with shock absorbers is

A to ensure that the car will decelerate in an accident.

B to minimise the impulsive force during an accident.
C to ensure that the car is not smashed in an accident.
Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) 66

88. Which of the following is not a safety feature installed in a vehicle ?

A Engine capacity
B Automatic air bag
C Collapsible steering wheels
D Shatterproof windscreen glass

89. An object is moving with zero resultant force. Which of the following inference is
not true?

A. Its velocity is constant

B. Its acceleration is zero
C. Its displacement is zero
D. It has encountered a constant resistance.

90. Which of the following best describe the weight of an object?

A. Weight is a gravitational force acting on an object

B. Weight is a scalar quantity
C. Weight is measured in kilogram
D. Weight is matter quantity in an object

91. In which of the following cases, the net force acting on the object is not zero ?

A 5N 5N

5N
B
5N 5N

4N

C
5N 5N

4N
D 5N

5N 5N

5N
Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) 67

92. Two teams, Team A and Team B are pulling in opposite direction on a rope. The
forces acting on the rope are shown in the diagram.
Dua pasukan, Pasukan A dan pasukan B sedang menarik tali pada arah yang
bertentangan. Daya yang dikenakan pada tali adalah seperti yang ditunjukkan
pada rajah.

Team A Team B
Pasukan A Pasukan B

600 N 450 N

rope

What is the resultant force acting on the rope and its directions?
Berapakah daya paduan yang bertindak ke atas tali dan apakah arahnya?

A 150 N acting towards the team A

150 N bertindak pada arah pasukan A
B 150 N acting towards the team B
150 N bertindak pada arah pasukan B
C 350 N acting towards the team A
350N bertindak pada arah pasukan A
D 350 N acting towards the team B
350 N bertindak pada arah pasukan B

93. Diagram shows a block of wood moving with an acceleration, a = 3 ms-2.

R P

m = 2 kg

Which of the following are the values of the forces P and R ?

P / N R / N
A 8 6
B 10 7
C 11 5
D 6 6
Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) 68

94. The diagram shows a steel block is pulled by a force of F moves with a constant
velocity and encounters a friction of 4 N.
Rajah menunjukkan sebungkah besi ditarik oleh daya F dengan halaju seragam
dan menghasilkan daya geseran bernilai 4 N.

600
4N
Rough surface

What is the value of force, F ?

Berapakah nilai daya, F ?.

A. 0.5 N
B. 3.5 N
C. 5.5 N
D. 8.0 N

95. A car of mass 800 kg is accelerating at 2.5 ms-2. If the total drag force on the car
is 300 N, what is the forward force exerted by the car engine ?

A 1100 N
B 1700 N
C 2000 N
D 2300 N

96. Which of the following situations is in equilibrium force?

Antara situasi berikut yang manakah berada dalam keseimbangan daya?

A A swing cradle
Ayunan buaian
B A free falling objects
Objek yang jatuh bebas
C A baseball hit with a bat
Pemukul yang memukul bola besbal
D A trolley moving with uniform velocity on a friction compensated runaway
Troli yang bergerak dengan halaju seragam di atas landasan terpampas geseran
Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) 69

97. An object of wooden block of weight 30 N ( mass 3.0 kg ) is being pulled upward
by a string which passes over a smooth pulley.

If the object accelerates upwards at 2 ms-2, what is the tension, T, in the string ?

A 24 N
B 30 N
C 36 N
D 40 N

98. The Figure shows forces, F1 and F2 , exerted on a wooden block placed on a
table surface. The friction between the block and the table surface is 2 N.

F1 F2

Which pair of forces F1 and F2 causes the wooden block to move with an
acceleration?

F1 / N F2/ N

A 7 9
B 5 7
C 6 4
D 3 2
E 4 1
Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) 70

99. The diagram shows a wooden block pulled by a force of 10N at an angle of 40o above the
horizontal floor.

If the wooden block is pulled through a distance of 5m, how much work is done on the
wooden block?

A 7.66 J
B 18.8 J
C 24.4 J
D 38.3 J
E 50.0 J

100. The figure shows an aircraft flying in the air.

Gambarajah menunjukkan sebuah kapal terbang sedang terbang di udara.

The aircraft will accelerate if

Kapal terbang tersebut akan memecut jika

A lift  weight
daya angkatan > berat
B Thrust  Lift
daya ke depan > daya angkatan
C Lift  Air friction
daya angkatan > rintangan udara
D Thrust  Air friction
daya ke depan > rintangan udara
Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) 71

101. A diagram shows a steel block is pulled by a force of F moves with a constant
velocity and encounters a friction of 4 N, calculate the value of F ?
F

600
2 kg
4N
Rough surface

A. 0.5 N C. 5.5 N
B. 3.5 N D. 8.0 N
C. 4.0 N

102. Figure shows the path taken by a trolley. The trolley passes through K with a
certain velocity. KL, LM and MN are all equal in length.

Friction compensated
runway

L Rough surface M Smooth surface N

Which of the following is true of the motion of the trolley from K to N?

Path taken Motion

A K to L Uniform velocity
B L to M Acceleration
C M to N Deceleration
103. A constant force , F acts on a block placed on a smooth surface as shown.

The block will move with

A uniform speed
B uniform acceleration
C gradually increasing acceleration
Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) 72

104. Which diagram correctly shows the addition of the 3 N and 4 N forces?

A
5N
3N

4N

B
5N
3N

4N
C
5N
3N

4N

D 5N 3N

4N

105. The diagram shows A parachutist of mass 60 kg is descending at a uniform

velocity of 4 ms-1

. The resultant force acting on the parachutist is

A zero
B 240 N vertically downwards
C 240 N vertically upwards
D 600 N vertically downwards
E 600 N vertically upwards
Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) 73

106. Which of the following systems will produce maximum acceleration?

A.
m
12 N 8N

B.
m
18 N 6N

C.
m
20 N

D.
m
15 N 10 N

107. Figure shows a boy standing on a weighing machine in a stationary lift.

500 N

When the lift moves down and accelerates, what will be the reading on the
weighing machine?
A Less than 500 N.
B More than 500 N
C No change
108. A force of 80 N pulls a load of 5 kg through a smooth pulley.
Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) 74

80 N

5 kg

What is the acceleration of the load ?

A 5.0 ms-2
B 6.0 ms-2
C 8.0 ms-2
D 10.0 ms-2
E 16.0 ms-2

109. Diagram shows a trolley of mass 4.0 kg is placed on a rough table and being
pulled by a force of 4.0 N. The trolley moves at constant velocity. Calculate the
frictional force.

4.0 N

Frictional force
A 2N
B 4N
C 8N
D 16 N
E 40 N

110. Figure shows a picture hanging on a wall.

Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) 75

Tension,
T1 String

Tension,
T2

Weight, W

Which vector diagram represents the forces, T1, T2 and W that act on the
picture?

111. Diagram (a) shows a horse pulling a carriage.

Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) 76

Diagram (b) shows another horse of the same strength is added.

Diagram (a) Diagram (b)

What happens to the acceleration of the carriage when two horses are pulling the
same carriage?
A It decreases
B It increases
C It is constant

112. A customer pushes a trolley of mass m kg up a smooth inclined plane.

A horizontal force of F N is applied to the trolley which moves a distance of s metres.

The work done by the customer is

A mgh
B Fs
C Fs sin θ
D Fs cos θ

113. A student is pulling a trolley with an iron chain which makes an angle of
60° with the horizontal.

If the tension of the spring is 4 000 N , what is the horizontal force?

A 1 000 N B 2 000 N C 2 400 N
D 3 464 N. E 4 000 N
114. Figure shows a box being pulled by a force, F which makes an angle, θ with
Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) 77

the horizontal surface.

box Force, F

Friction force, G
The friction against the motion of the box is G. What is the resultant force that
causes the box to move?

A F cos θ – G
B F cos θ + G
C F sin θ + G
D F sin θ – G

115. Diagram shows a boy standing on a weighing balance in a stationary lift. The
reading of the spring balance is 600 N

What is the reading of the balance when the lift moves up with an acceleration of
2 ms-2?

A 300 N B 480 N C 600 N

D 720 N E 1200 N
116. The diagram shows an aeroplane flying at a constant velocity.
Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) 78

Which relationship between the forces is true?

A U=W
B F>G
C U<W
D F=G

117. Diagram shows a parachutist in four positions after he jumps from a high hot air
balloon.

At which position does he experience unbalanced forces?

A not yet moving hot air balloon at constant height

B accelerating

C velocity constant

D at rest
Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) 79

118. Diagram (a) shows a girl standing on a weighing scale with her hands on a table.
The reading of the scale is W.
Rajah (a) menunjukkan seorang budak berdiri di atas sebuah alat penimbang
dengan tangannya di atas sebuah meja. Bacaan penimbang itu ialah W.

Weighing scale
Alat penimbang

Reading / Bacaan = W

Diagram (a) Diagram (b)

What would be the reading of the scale if she were to press the table with a force F
downwards as shown in Diagram (b)?
Apakah bacaan penimbang itu jika dia menekan meja dengan satu daya, F ke
bawah seperti ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 6.2?

A W
B F
C W+F
D W-F

119. Diagram shows a block of mass 2 kg slides from rest through a distance of
20 m down a frictionless slope.

Diagram
What is the kinetic energy of the block at the bottom of the slope?
(The acceleration of free fall is 10 ms-2)

A 20 J B 40 J C 200 J
D 400 J E 2000 J
120. The potential energy of an object depends on all of the following except
Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) 80

A the mass of an object

B the acceleration of gravity
C the velocity of an object
D the height of an object.

121. Diagram shows a box sliding down a smooth inclined plane.

Rajah menunjukkan sebuah kotak menggelongsor menuruni satu satah condong
yang licin.
Box / Kotak

Smooth inclined plane

Satah condong licin

Which graph shows the relationship between the potential energy (PE) and kinetic
energy (KE) of the box as it moves down the plane?
Graf yang manakah menunjukkan hubungan antara tenaga keupayaan (PE) dan
tenaga kinetik (KE) kotak itu ketika sedang bergerak menuruni satah itu?

A PE B PE

0 KE 0 KE

C PE D PE

0 KE 0 KE
 Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) 81

122. Diagram shows a man is pilling a rope vertically downwards to lift a load of 15 kg
on the other end through a vertical height of 2 m.
Rajah menunjukkan seorang lelaki menarik tali ke bawah untuk mengangkat beban
sebanyak 15 kg setinggi 2 m.

What is the work done?

Berapakah kerja yang telah dilakukan?

A 7.5 J
B 17 J
C 30 J
D 150 J
E 300 J

123. Figure shows a car moving along a straight road. The total energy input from
the petrol is 80 kJ. During the journey the car has wasted about 50 000J of energy.

What is the efficiency of the car?

A 25.0%
B 37.5%
C 45.0%
D 62.5%
Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) 82

124. Figure shows a pile driver at a velocity of 20 ms-1 driving a foundation pile into
the ground. The pile driver and the foundation pile moves together after hitting it.

Piledriver
150 kg

Foundation pile
550 kg

Determine the velocity of the foundation pile immediately after being hit by the
pile driver.

A 30.00 ms-1
B 14.00 ms-1
C 4.28 ms-1
D 0.53 ms-1
E 0.43 ms-1

125. A ball is thrown vertically upwards.

Neglecting air resistance, which statement is correct?

A The kinetic energy of the ball is greatest at the greatest height attained.
B By the principle of conservation of energy, the total energy of the ball is
constant throughout its motion
C By the principle of conservation of momentum, the momentum of the ball
is constant throughout its motion.
Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) 83

126. Diagram shows a car is driven along a level road. The total energy input from
the petrol is 60 kJ, and the car wastes 45 kJ of energy

What is the efficiency of the car?

A 15 %
B 25 %
C 45 %
D 75 %
E 105 %

127. Hydroelectric, tidal and fossil fuels are three sources of energy.

Which of these are renewable energy sources?

Hydroelectric Tidal Fossil fuels

A No Yes Yes
B No No Yes
C Yes No No
D Yes Yes No

128. Figure shows a ball with mass 2 kg slides down a smooth curved ramp from
point P to Q. What is the speed of the ball when it reaches point Q ?

0.8 m

A 12.6 ms-1
B 8.9 ms-1
C 6. 3 ms-1
D 4.0 ms-1
 Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) 84

129. Figure shows a cradle with spring x.

Spring x can hold a maximum load of 5 kg. Which of the following ways is used so
that the cradle can hold a baby of 7 kg ?

A. Change with a spring of greater diameter

B. Increase the length of the spring
C. Add one spring and arrange in series.
D. Add one spring and arrange in parallel.

130. Figure (a) shows a spring P extends by 5 cm when it hung with a 0.5 kg weight.
Figure (b) shows four springs P are arranged in a system and it hung with a 1.0 kg load.

What is the total extension of the spring system?

A 5.0 cm
B 10.0 cm
C 15.0 cm
D 20.0 cm
E 25.0 cm
Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) 85

131. Four arrangements A, B, C and D are made of identical springs. Each spring
extends by 4 cm when a 200 g load is hung at its end. Which arrangement produces
the largest extension?
Empat susunan A, B, C dan D adalah terdiri daripada spring yang sama. Setiap
spring meregang sebanyak 4 cm apabila satu beban 200 g digantung pada
hujungnya. Susunan yang manakah menghasilkan regangan yang terbesar?
A B C D

400 g
400 g

400 g
400 g

132. A spring extends by 6 cm when a load of 30 N is suspended from it.

Diagram 22

Two identical springs are connected as shown in Diagram 22 to carry a 30 N

load. What is the extension of the spring system?

A 3 cm
B 5 cm
C 6 cm
D 12 cm
E 15 cm

133. The elastic constant of a spring, k can be increased by

A. reducing the length of the spring

B. reducing the diameter of the spring
C. using a thinner wire
D. using a low strength metal
Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) 86

134. Diagram shows a system of three identical springs. The original length of each
spring is 10 cm. It is stretched to 13 cm when it is loaded with mass of 50 g.
Rajah menunjukkan satu system tiga spring yang sama. Panjang asal setiap spring
ialah 10 cm. Spring itu akan memanjang kepada 13 cm apabila digantung beban 50 g.

What is the total length of spring, X cm ?

Berapakah jumlah panjang spring, X cm ?

A 26 cm
B 29 cm
C 32 cm
D 39 cm

135. The diagram shows three identical springs.

10.0 N

The original length of the spring is 10.0 cm. Each spring produces an extension of 3.0 cm
when weighted with a load of 10 N. What is the value of x?

A 9.0 cm B 11.0 cm C 15.0 cm

D 19.0 cm E 25.0 cm
Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) 87

136. Diagram shows the relationship between the force applied and the corresponding
extensions of spring P and spring Q. Which of the following statements about
spring P and Q is true?

Spring P Spring Q

A Spring P is more difficult to extend

B For the same extension, spring P needs a lower force
C More energy has to be used for spring Q in order to produce the same
amount of force

137. Figure shows a 6 N load attached to a system made up of two identical springs.
The original length of each spring is 10.0 cm.

11.5 cm

6N

What is the force constant of each spring?

A 1.5 N cm-1
B 2.0 N cm-1
C 3.0 N cm-1
D 4.0 N cm-1