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LOGICAL PROBLEMS Edited

Then did he know?

PROBLEM # 1:

SOLUTION:

In a certain mythical community, politicians never tell the truth and non-politicians always tell the

It is very difficult to answer to this question. But rather impossible.

truth. A stranger meets three natives and ask the first of them, Are you a politician? The first native

Many problems are not accurately described, and their miss description may prove so miss leading

answers the question .The second native then reports that the first native denied being a politician

that no solution can part or parts of the description of the problem need to be rejected or replaced.

.The third native says that the first native is a politician.

But we cannot do this by over selves.

How many of these three natives are politicians?

From the premises given in the problem, we can prove that he wore red but we can also prove that
he wore white hat.

SOLUTION:
If the first native is a politician then he lies and denies being a politician, but if he tells the truth and
denies being a politician, in either case, then, the first native denies being a politician.

Normal Vision
One eye man
Blind man
W = White

W
W
W

R
W
W
R = Red

W
R
W

R
R
W

W
W
R

Since the second native reports that the first native denies being a politician, he tells the truth, and is

As at time, he could only wear one hat, either read or white, so it is impossible to construct a

therefore a non-politician.

conclusion. It indicates that problem is incomplete.

The third native asserts that the first native is a politician, if the first native is a politician, then the
third native speaks the truth and is therefore a non-politician, but if the third native lies he is,

Some problems in the real world more over even when they are described accurately may be

therefore, a politician. Hence only one of the first and third native is a politician, and since the second

incomplete in that some thing not originally available may be essential for the solution. The solution

is a non-politician, there is only one politician among the three natives.

may depend on some additional scientific discovery or some previously.

PROBLEM # 2:
Of three prisoners in a certain jail, one had normal vision, the second had only one eye and the third
was totally blind .the jailor told the prisoners that from three white hats and two red hats, he would
select three and put then on the prisoners heads. None could see what color hat he wore. The jailor
offered freedom to the prisoner with normal vision if he could tell what color hat he wore. To prevent a
weakly guess the jailor threatened execution for any incorrect answer .the first prisoner could not tell
what hat he wore. Next the jailor made the second offer to the one eyed prisoner. The second
prisoner could not tell what he wore either. The jailor did not bother, but he agreed to extend the
same terms to that prisoner, but when he made the request, the blind prisoner said:
I do not need to have my sight; from my friends with eyes have said, I clearly see my hat
is_________!

Unimagined invention or equipment, or the search of some as yet unexplored territory. But in the
statement of the problem, all the information that is sufficient for the solution must be given; other
wise we feel that the mystery writer or the problem maker has been unfair to us.
PROBLEM # 3:
On a certain train, the crew consists of the brakeman, the fireman and the engineer. Their names
listed alphabetically are Jones, Robinson, and Smith. On the train are also three passengers with
corresponding names; Mr. Jones, Mr. Robinson and Mr. Smith. The following facts are known.
a) Mr. Robinson lives in Detroit.
b) The brakeman lives halfway between Detroit and Chicago.
c) Mr. Jones earns exactly $ 20000 a year.

d) Smith once beat the fireman at billiards.

f)

Mr. Kelly is the managers neighbor.

e) The brakemans next-door neighbor, one of the three passengers mentioned, earns exactly three

Who holds each position?

times as much as the brakeman.

SOLUTION:

f) The passenger living in Chicago has the same name as the brakeman.

Manager

What is the engineers name?

Assistant

Stenographer

Cashier

Teller

Clerk

Manager
Mr. Black

1 X

2 Y

3 X

4 X

5 X

6 X

SOLUTION:

Mr. White

7 X

8 X

9 X

10 Y

11 X

12 X

First of all we make a chart from the above given information that is;

Mrs. Coffee

13 Y

14 X

15 X

16 X

17 X

18 X

Miss Ambrose

19 X

20 X

21 X

22 X

23 X

24 Y

Mr. Kelly

25 X

26 X

27 Y

28 X

29 X

30 X

Miss Earn show

31 X

32 X

33 X

34 X

35 Y

36 X

Name
Jones
Robinson
Smith
Y = OK

Brakeman
1 Y
4 X
7 X

Fireman
2 X
5 Y
8 X
X = Cancel

Engineer
3 X
4 X
9 Y

X = Cancel

Y = OK

From (d), smith is not fireman as, once he beat the fireman at billiards. So cancel 8.

From (a), Mrs. Coffee, Miss.Earnshow and Miss Ambrose cannot be assistant Manager, so cancel

From (e), Mr. Jones is not his neighbor because he does not earn exactly three times as much as

14,20 and 32 and also Miss Ambrose and Miss Earnshow cannot be Manager as they are unmarried

Brakeman. Because he earns $20,000 a year which is not divisible by 3.

so cancel 19 and 31.

From (f), the name of Brakeman is Jones because Mr. Jones is not Break mans neighbor

From (b), as cashier is male so cancel 16, 22, and 34, as they are females. Also cancel 21 and 33

And Brakeman lives in half way between Detroit and Chicago. While Mr. Robinson lives in Detroit. So

because Miss Ambrose and Miss Earn show are not married.

Mr.Jones is only passenger who lives in Chicago. Cancel 4 and 7 and 2 & 3.

From (c) cancel 1, 3 and 4 because they all are married.

Now from the chart it is clear that Smith is engineer. Cancel 6 while Robinson is the fireman.

From (d) cancel 9 and 7 because at the age of 20, Mr. White cannot have son in law and grandson.
From (e) cancel 23. She is not teller.

PROBLEM # 4:

From (f) Mr. Kelly is not manager so cancel 25.

The employee of a small loan company is Mr. Black, Mr. White, Mrs. Coffee, Miss Ambrose, Mr. Kelly

Now from the chart we can easily say that Miss Ambrose is clerk so cancel 6,12,18,30 and 36.

and Miss. Earn Shaw. The positions they occupy are manager, assistant manager, cashier,

From this it concludes that Miss Earnshaw is teller then cancels 5, 11, 17 and 29.Mr Black is

stenographer, teller and clerk. Though not necessary in that order.

assistant manager cancel 8 and 26.Mr White is cashier so cancel 28. Mr. Kelly is stenographer then
cancels 15 and Mrs. Coffee is a manager of a small loan company.

The following facts are known:

a)

The assistant manager is the managers grandson.

PROBLEM# 5:

b)

The cashier is the stenographers son in law.

Benno Torelli, Genial host at Hamtramcks most exclusive nightclub, was shot and killed by a

c)

Mr. Black is a bachelor.

racketeer gang because he fell behind in his protection payments. After considerable effort on the

d)

Mr. White is twenty years old.

part of the police, five suspects were brought before the district attorney, who asked them what they

e)

Miss Ambrose is the tellers stepsister.

had to say for themselves. Each of them made three statements, two true and one false. Their

c-

White is not a resident of BrownsVille, nor is Nash, who is not a barber or a heating

statements were:

contractor. With only the information given, determine the name of the city in which Nash

LEFTY: I did not kill Torelli. I never owned a revolver in my life. Spike did it.

resides?

RED: I did not kill Torelli. I never owned a revolver in my life. The others are all passing buck. .

SOLUTION:

DOPEY: I am innocent .I never saw Butch before. Spike is guilty.

First of all cancel 1, 7, 13, 19 and 25 because no man lives in the city having named similar to his

SPIKE: I am innocent. Butch is the guilty one. Lefty did not tell the truth. When he said I did it.

name.

BUTCH: I did not kill Torelli. Red is guilty one. Doppy and I are old pals.
Who had done it?
SOLUTION:
Since Lefty said that Spike did it, Spike first and third statements an equivalent in remaining, and
theyre fore either both true or both false. Since one statement is false, they are both true.

White
Brown
Peter
Harper
Nash
X = Cancel

White Plains
1 X
6 Y
11 X
16 X
21 X

BrownVille
2 X
7 X
12 Y
17 X
22 X

PeterBurg
3 X
8 X
13 X
18 X
23 Y
Y = OK

HarperFerry
4 Y
9 X
14 X
19 X
24 X

NashVille
5 X
10 X
15 X
20 Y
25 X

From (a), cancel 8 and 9

From (b), Harper lives in NashVille, so cancel 16,17,18 and 5,10,15.

Dopeys third statement is therefore false and so her first two are true. Therefore Butch third

From(c), cancel 2 and 22.

statement is false and so his first two statements are true, of which the second reveals that Red i.e.

From the chart, it is clear that Brown lives in the WhitePlains so; cancel 11 and 21, and Peter lives in

the guilty man.

BrownVille.
From (c), Nash is not barber and barber does not live in peter burg. So white lives in Harper Ferry

PROBLEM # 6:

and Nash is the resident of Peterburg.

Five men who are buddies in the last war are having reunion. They are White, Brown, Peters, Harpen
and Nash, who by occupation are painter, writer, and barber, neurologist and heating contractor. By
coincidence, they live in the cities of White Plains, Brownville, PeterBurg, HarpersFerry and

PROBLEM # 7:
Danial Kilrain was killed on a lonely road, two miles from Panriac, Michigan, at 3:00AM on March 17

NashVille, but no man live in the city having a name similar to his, no does the name of his

of last uear. Otto, Currey, Slim, Mickey and Kid were arrested a week later in Detroit and questioned.

occupation have the same initial as his name or the name of the city which he lives. The following

Each of the five made four statements, three of which were true and one of which was false. One of

facts are known:

these prisoners killed Kilraine.

Their statements were

ab-

The barber doesnt live in the PeterBurgs and Browns is neither a heating constructor nor
a painter nor does he live in PeterBurg or Harpers Ferry.

OTTO: I was in Chicago when Kilrain was murdered. I never killed any one. The kid is the guilty one

Mr. Harper lives in NashVille and is neither barber nor writer

Mickey and I am a pal.

CURLY:I did not kill Kilraine. I never owned a revolver in my life. The kid knows me. I was in Detriot

MICKEY:

the night of March 17.

1)

I did not kill Kilraine. (T)

SLIM: Curly kited when he said he never owned a revolver. The murer was committed in St, Patrick

2)

The kid has never been in Pontiac. (T)

s Day. Otto was in Chicago at this time. One of us is guilty.

3)

I never saw Otto before. (F)

MICKEY: I did not kill Karlian. The kid saw Otto before. Curly was in Detroit with me in the night of

4)

Curly was in Detriot with me on the night of March 17. (T)

March 17.
THE KID: I did not kill Kilrain. I have never been in Pontiac. I never saw Curly before. Otto erred

THE KID:

when he said I am guilty.

1)

I did not kill kalrine. (T)

Who did it?

2)

I have never been in Pontiac (T)

3)

I never saw curly before. (F)

4)

Otto erred when he said I am guilty. (Y)

SOLUTION:
First of all I give numbers to the different statements made by different people.
OTTO:

The kids first and fourth statement is equivalent in meanings and therefore either both true of both

1)

I was in Chicago when Kialraine was murdered. (T)

false. Since only one statement is false, so they are both true.

2)

I never killed anyone. (T)

Ottos third statement is therefore, false, and so his first, second and fourth statements are true.

3)

The kid is guilty one. (F)

Therefore, Mickeys third statement is false and so his first, second and fourth statements are true.

4)

Mickey and I are pals. (T)

As Mickeys second statement is true, therefore kids second statement is also true. The kids third

CURLY:

statement is false as his other three statements are true.

1)

I did not kill Kilraine. (F)

As kids third statement is false therefore, Curlys third statement is true.

2)

I never owned a revolver. (T)

Curlys fourth statement is true because Mickeys fourth statement is true.

3)

The kid knows me. (T)

Slims third statement is true because Otto first statement is true.

4)

I was in the Detroit that night. (T)

As March 17 is the St. Patricks Day so slims second statement is true. Slims fourth statement is also
true because all others except Curly and slims are confirmed to be innocent. As slims second third

SLIM:

and fourth statements are true so his first statement is false.

1)

Curly lied when he said he never owned a revolver. (F)

Therefore Curlys second statement is true. And his first statement is false .so he is guilty and he

2)

The murder was committed on St.Patricks day. (T)

killed the Kilraine.

3)

Otto was in Chicago that night.(T)

4)

One of us is guilty. (T)

PROBLEM #8:
A woman recently hosted a politician meeting to which she invited five guests. The name of the six
people who sat own at the circular table were Abrams, Banjo, Clives, Dumont, Ekwll and fish. One

was of them, was deaf and one was very talkative, one was terribly fat, one simply hated Dumont,
one had a vitamin deficiency and one was the hostess.

CHART (B):

a)

The person who hated Dumont sat directly opposite Banjo.

Deaf

b)

The deaf one sat opposite Clive, who sat between the one who had a vitamin deficiency
and who hated Dumont.

c)

The fat one sat opposite Abram, next to the deaf and to left of the one who hated Dumont.

d)

The person who had vitamin deficiency sat between Clive and the who sat opposite the

Fish
Dumont

Talkative

person who hated Dumont.

e)

Fish, who was a good friend of every one sat next to the fat person and opposite the

Fat

hostess.

Banjo

Identify each of these people, matching names and description?

SOLUTION:

X = Cancel

DEAF

TALKITIVE

FAT

Vitamin
Defi
cien

Hat Dumont

Y = OK

ONE WHO

ONE

HAVING

HATED

VITAMIN

HOSTESS

Ekwall

Abrams

Clive

Abrams

1 X

3 X

DUMONT
4 X

DEFICIENCY
5 Y

Banjo

7 X

9 X

10 X

11 X

12 X

Clive

13 X

14 X

15 X

16 X

17 X

18 Y

Dumont

19 X

20 X

21 Y

22 X

23 X

24 X

Ekwall

25 X

26 X

27 X

28 Y

29 X

30 X

From (a), Bango does not hat Dumont. As man who hated Dumont is sat opposite to Bango so,

Fish

31 Y

32 X

33 X

34 X

35 X

36 X

cancel 10.

X
Hostess

From (b), it is indicated that Clive is not deaf, does not have vitamin deficiency and does not hat
Dumont, so cancel 13,16 and 17.
From (c), it shows that Abrams is not fat, deaf and does not hat Dumont. So cancel 1, 3

And 4.

not the correct way. Because when he asks to add $2 to $27 rather than adding it. By doing so youll

From chart B, unto now, it is proved that Abram has vitamin deficiency. So cancel 2,6,11,17,23,29

get the actual amount received by the clerk or paid by them to the clerk.

and 35.

An other way to explain the twist made by the writer or problem maker in the question is that he

Since Bango is not fat so, cancel 9.

subtracts $3 from $30 and gets $27, and then he adds $2 to get the original result of $30. It is the

From (e), it is clear that Fish cannot hat any one so, cancel 34.

rule of mathematics that whatever you are adding/subtracting, you have to subtract/add the same

As he is not fat nor he is hostess therefore cancel 33 and 36.

figure or number to neutralize the effect of that figure. So, how can you get the same result by adding

Now from chart B, it is proved that Fish is deaf and Clive is hostess. So cancel 32, 7,19 and 25 (For

one thing and subtracting another?

Fish) and 14, 15 ----, 12,24,30 and 36 (For Clive).

Another method to solve the question is that the clerk receives $25 for the room (returns $5). The

Cancel 22 because Dumont cannot hat himself. So it is concluded that Ekwall hats Dumont. So

decision of dollars can be made like this;

cancel 26, 27. Bango is talkative and Dumont is fat man.

As the clerk receives $25 keep $6 on one side and divide the rest $24 by three. It means that each
person paid $8 to the clerk. Now add $3 (That were returned to the three people by the bell man) to

PROBLEM # 9:

$24. The result is $27. Add $2 (of charity) we get $29. Now add that $7 which was kept on one side

Three people went into a hotel and rented a room for $ 30, each paying $10 as his share. Later, the

and the result comes $30. It means that $7 was with the clerk.

clerk discovered that the price of the room was only $25. He handed the bellman five $1 bills and
asked him to return them to the three people. The bellman not knowing how to divide $5 among three
people, instead gave each person $1and the rest to charity.
Three people originally paid a total of $27 for the room .Add to that the $2 that the bellman gave
away and you have a total expenditure of $29 instead of $30. What happened to the other dolor?
SOLUTION:
The three people paid $30 to the clerk but the original expenditure for rented room received by the
clerk was $25. He handed the bellman five $1 bills and asked him to return it to the three people. The
bellman not knowing how to divide $5 among three people, instead gave each person $1 and rest to
charity.
The three people paid $10 each, but each then received $1 back, so the total expenditure for the
room that they actually paid was $ 27 including $ 2that was given to charity by the bellman. This is
the point where the writer or problem maker twists the question by asking to add to the $ 27, that $2
that the bell man give away, and youll then have a total expenditure of $29 instead of $30. But it is

PROBLEM#10:
A jeweler has ten diamonds, nine of them exactly the same weight, the tenth slightly different. They
are all mixed together and his problem is to select the one that is different and to tell whether it is
lighter or heavier than the others. How can he do this by making only three uses of his balance?
SOLUTION:
Number the diamonds 1 to 10, and proceed as follows;
First weight 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
A)

If they balance:

The odd diamond must be 9 or 10.

Weight 9 against 7. If 9 go up, it is the odd diamond and light. If 9 go down, it is the odd diamond and
heavy, if they balance, the odd diamond must be 10. Then weight 10 against 1; if 10 goes up, it is
light, if goes down, it is heavy.
B)

If do not balance:

Suppose that 1,2,3,4 go down, while 5,6,7,8 go up. Then weight 1,2,8,9 against 3,4,7,10. If 1,2,8,9

In a certain bank there are eleven distinct positions namely, in decreasing order (rank), President,

go down the odd diamond must be either 1 or 2 and heavy or 7 and light. Then weight 7 against 2; if

First Vice -President, Second Vice President, third Vice President, Cashier, Teller, Assistant Teller,

either goes down, it is the odd diamond and heavy. If they balance, the odd diamond is 7 and light. If,

Book Keeper, First Stenographer, Second Stenographer and Janitor. These eleven positions are

on the second weighing 3,4, 7,10 go down, the odd diamond must be either 3 or 4, and heavy or 8

occupied by the following, listed alphabetically: Mr. Dale, Mr. Evans, Mrs. Brown, Mr. Grant, Miss.

and light. Weight 3 against 4; if either goes down, it is the odd diamond and heavy; if they balance,

Hill, Mr. Jones, Mrs. Kane and Mr. Long. Concerning them, only the following facts are known;

the odd diamond is 8 and light.

A.

The Third Vice President is the pampered grand son of the President and is disliked by
both Mrs. Brown and Assistant Teller.

B.
PROBLEM#11:
Imagine a room with four walls; a nail placed in the center of each wall, as well as in the ceiling and
floor, six nails in all. The nails are connected to each nail by a separate string. These nails strings
obviously make many triangles, since any three nails may be considered the apexes of a triangle.
Can the colors of the strings be distributed so that no one triangle has all three sides (strings) of the
same color? If so, how? And if not, why not?
SOLUTION:
It is not possible to distribute the strings so that no one triangle has all three sides (strings) of the
same color.
Consider any one nail, say the one on a wall we call A. From it stretch five strings and of these five at
least three must be of the same color, since only two colors (blue and red) are available. Suppose
that three of the strings from the nail in the wall A are red, that they go to the other three walls B, C
and D. Now consider the triangle formed by the nails on these three other walls B, C and D. They
must not all be of the same color, so they cannot all be blue. So at least one of the strings connecting
B, C and D is red, it must complete a triangle of three red strings. (Suppose the string connecting B
and D is red one. Then there will be a triangle of three red strings connecting A, B and D, etc). No
matter which nail we begin with, there is no way to avoid at least one triangle all of whose sides are
strings of the same color.
PROBLEM #12:

The Assistant Teller and the second Stenographer shared equally in their fathers estate.

C. The second Vice President and the Assistant Teller wear the same style of hat.
D. Mr. Grant told Miss. Hill to send him a stenographer at once.
E.

The Presidents nearest neighbors are Mrs. Kane, Mr.Grant and Mr. Long.

F.

The first Vice President and the cashier live at the exclusive Bachelors club.

G. The Janitor, a miser, has occupied the same room since boyhood.
H. Mr. Adams and the Second Stenographer are leaders in the social life of the younger
unmarried set.
I.

The Second Vice President and the Bookkeeper were once engaged to be married to each
other.

J.

The fashion able Teller is the son-in-law of the First Stenographer.

K.

Mr. Jones regularly gives Mr. Evans his discarded clothing to wear., without the elderly
Bookkeeper knowing about the gift.

Show how to match correctly the eleven against the eleven positions occupied?

From (a) it is clear that females cannot be the third Vice President. So cancel 15, 37, 81, 103, 59 and
also Mrs. Brown cannot be then President and Assistant Teller so, cancel 12, 18. As Miss. Dale and
Miss. Hill are unmarried so, they cannot be President, cancel 34 and 78.
From (d), it is clear that Miss. Hill and Mr. Grant cannot be stenographer. So cancel 75, 76 and 86,
87.From (e), Mrs. Kane, Mr. Grant and Mr. Long cannot be president. So cancel 67, 100 and 111.
From (f), it means that First Vice President and Cashier are men so, cancel 13, 35, 57,79, 101 and
16, 38, 60 82, 104, as they all are females.
From (g), Janitor is a man so; cancel all females for Janitor 22, 44, 66, and 88, 110.
From (h), it is clear that Mr. Adams and second stenographer are unmarried because they are the
leaders of the unmarried set and leader of such group can not be married so, cancel 10 for Mr.
Adams and 21, 65, 109 as they are married.
From (I), Second Vice President and Book keeper are unmarried so, cancel 14, 58, 102 and 19, 63,
107 as they are married.
From (j), Teller is male so, cancel 17, 39, and 61, 83, 105 as they are females and First Stenographer
is married so, cancel 42.
As it is cleared from (h) that Mr. Adam is bachelor so he cannot be Teller and First stenographer and
also President because President has grandson. So cancel 6, 9 and 1.
From (k), Mr. Jones and Mr. Evens cannot be Bookkeeper so, cancel 52, 96.
It is know, up to, confirmed that Mrs. Brown is First Stenographer so, cancel 119, 108, 31, 53, 64, 97.
After canceling above, we get that Mrs. Kane is Assistant Teller so; cancel 7, 29, 40, 51, 62, 73, 84,
95 and 117.
After this we confirmed Mrs. Ford as President. Theyre fore cancel 23, 45 and 89.
Now from the chart, we can see that two options are left for Miss. Hill either 2 nd Vice President or
Bookkeeper and as in (I) we are told that once 2 nd Vice President and Bookkeeper were engaged to
be married to each other, it means that one of them is male and other is female. While in (c) we are
told that Assistant Teller and 2nd Vice President wear the same style of hat and as it is confirmed that
X = Cancel

Y = OK

Assistant Teller is female (Mrs. Kane) so, 2 nd Vice President must be female because no male can
wear the same type of hat as female wears. It means that Miss. Hill is then 2 nd Vice President and not
the Bookkeeper. So cancel 3, 25, 36, 47, 69, 91, 113 and also 85.

As 2nd Vice President is female so, Bookkeeper is then male, cancel 41.

Is the third native a politician?

nd

From the chart it is clear that Miss. Dale is 2 Stenographer as all other boxes are crossed. Then
cancel 32, 54, 98, 120.

SOLUTION:
No the third is not a politician. If the third native was a politician, it means he is telling a lie by saying
nd

In (d), Mr. Grant orders Miss. Hill to send him stenographer. As Miss. Hill is 2 Vice President so,

that thats not true either. Means the first two natives are telling truth.

Mrs. Grant must be supervisor .So he is First Vice President. Cancel 2, 24, 46, 90, 112 & 70, 71, 72,

But the first two native cannot tell the truth at the same time because one is saying: We are all

74, 77.

politicians and the second one is saying that: Just two of us are politician.

In (k), we are told that Mr. Jones regularly gives Mr. Evans his discarded clothing to wear. It means

So the third native is not telling lie, he is telling the truth and non-politicians always tell the truth.

that Mr. Jones is a fashionable person who regularly used to discard his clothing in order to remain in

Third native is non-politician.

fashion. So he is a fashionable Teller by (j). So cancel 92, 93, 99 & 28, 50, 116.
From (k) it is clear that Mr. Evans is a miser as he uses discarded clothes of Mr. Jones and in (g) we

(Problem#13) Picture a checkerboard (or chessboard having eight rows and eight columns)

are told that Janitor is a miser so, Mr. Evans is Janitor. So cancel 48, 49, & 11, 33, 121.
If so, how? And if not, why not?
In (e), it is told that Mr. Long and Mr. Grant are Presidents nearest neighbors and in (f) it is said that
First Vice President and the Cashier live at the Bachelors club and it is confirm that First Vice

SOLUTION:

President is Mr. Grant and as Mr. Long lives near to Mr. Grant so, he must be cashier as cashier lives

It is not possible to leave the upper left and the lower eight corners empty. One dominoes is left such

at the Exclusive Bachelors Club, near to Mr. Grant. So cancel 114,118 and 5, 27.

that it could not be settled

This is because the empty corners are diagonal to each other.

In (k), we are told that Bookkeeper is elder than Mr. Jones, who is married and in (h) we are told that

If we rearrange by changing there places i.e. moving the whole board to one side and then up or

Mr. Adams is the leader in the social life of younger unmarried set. So when we compare these two

down. They both comes diagonal to each other and the remaining could not be covered with

statements (k & h) we come to the conclusion that Mr. Adam is younger and Bookkeeper is elder, so

dominoes filling two.

he cannot be the Bookkeeper. Thus he is the third Vice President , cancel 26 & 8. Hence Mr. Camp is

One domino comes diagonal; if we are allowed to place one domino diagonally then it is possible.

then the Bookkeeper.

Otherwise it is not possible.

PROBLEM# 13:
In the same mythical community described in Exercise 1, a stranger meets

three other people

( = Empty place)

(natives) and asks them, How many of you are politicians? The first native replies, We are all
politicians. The second native says,No, Just two of us are politicians. The third native then says,

Draw table

That is not true either.

You are presented with a set of twelve metal balls, apparently identical in every

respect size, color

and so on. Infact eleven of them are identical, but one of them is odd it differ from all the rest in
weight only it is either heavier or lighter than all the others. You are given a balance scale, on
which the balls can be weighted against one another. If the same number of balls are put on
each side of the balance and the odd ball is on one side, that side will go down if the odd ball is

heavier or up if the odd ball is lighter the two sides will be balanced if the odd ball is not among
them. Those weighted and the same numbers of balls are placed on each side. You are
allowed three weighing only any removal or additions of a ball constitute a separate weighing.

PROBLEM#14:
In the same mythical community described in exercise 1, a stranger
Is the third native a politician?
SOLUTION:
No, the third is not a politician.
If the third native was a politician, it means he is telling a lie by saying that it isnt true either means
that the first two natives are telling truth but the first two natives cannot tell the truth at the same time
because one is saying we are all politicians and the second one is saying that, just two of us are
politicians.
So the third native is not telling a lie, he is telling the truth. And the non-politician always tells the
truth.
Third native is a non-politician.

Your challenge is this, device a set of three weighing that will enable you to identify the odd ball
wherever it may lie in a random mixing of the twelve balls and that will enable you to determine
whether the odd is heavier or lighter than the rest.
First label the ball i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and a, b, c, d.
SOLUTION:
First weight 1, 2, 3, 4 against 5, 6, 7, 8. If balanced then it means that odd ball is among a, b, c, d
.now weight a & b against c, 3 or c in combination with any number among 1 to 8 . If they are
balanced then the odd ball is d. now add d against any ball among 1 to 8. if d goes up it means it is
lighter or if it goes down it is heavier. If a, b-side is heavier then it means that either a or b is odd and
heavier or c is odd and light. Now weight a against b. the one which is heavier is odd. If both a and b
are balanced then c is odd and light. If a, b side goes up it means that either a or b is odd or c is odd
and heavy so weight a against b. the one which goes up is odd and if both are balanced then c is odd
and heavy.
Now suppose that weighing 1, 2, 3, 4 against 5, 6, 7, 8 (the first weight) is not balanced it means that

PROBLEM#15:
CHALLENGING QUESTION:

odd ball is among them.

Suppose 1, 2, 3, 4 pans go down while 5, 6, 7, 8 goes up it means that the odd ball is among 1 to 8
and a, b, c, d balls are right. Then weight 1, 2, 8, a against 3, 4, 7, b if 1, 2, 8,a goes down the odd
ball must be either 1 or 2 and heavy or 7 and light. Then weight 7 and 2. If either goes down it is the
odd ball and heavy if they balance the odd ball is 7 and light if in 2 nd weighing 3, 4, 7, b go down the
odd ball must be 3 or 4 and heavy or 8 and light then weight 3 against 4 if either goes down it is the
odd ball and heavy, if they are balanced the odd ball is 8 and light.

Problem No. 1: On a certain train, the crew consists of three men, the brakeman, the fireman, and
the engineer. Their names listed alphabetically are Jones, Robinson and Smith. On the train are also
three passengers with corresponding names, Mr. Jones, Mr. Robinson and Mr. Smith. The following
facts are known.
a) Mr. Robinson lives in Detroit.
b) The brakeman lives halfway between Detroit and Chicago.
c) Mr. Jones earns exactly $20,000 a year.
d) Smith once beat the fireman at billiards.
e) The brakemans next-door neighbor, one of the three passengers mentioned, earns exactly
three times as much as the brakeman.
f) The passenger living in Chicago has the same name as the brakeman.
What was the engineers name?
Maya Touvieres Answer
By elimination process, we can deduct that:

Smith is not the fireman

Mr. Robinson lives in Detroit so Robinson cannot be the brakeman since the man who has
the same name lives in Chicago.
Mr. Jones earns $20,000 that is three times as much as his neighbor, the brakeman.
Since Robinson is not the brakeman and Smith is not the fireman but Jones cannot be the
neighbor of Mr. Jones if he were the brakeman, Smith must be the brakeman and Mr.
Smith must live in Chicago.

Maya Touvieres Answer

Women: 1) Ms. Ambrose is not the teller; 2) Mrs. Coffee is the manager since she is called Mrs
therefore can be the only one to have grand-son; 3) Miss Barnshaw is the teller; and Ms. Ambrose is
the clerk.
Men: The cashier is a man; the assistant manager is a man thus 1) Mr. Kelly is the stenographer; 2)
Mr. White is the cashier since he is the son-in-law of the stenographer; Mr. Black is the managers
grand-son.
Problem No. 3: Benno Torelli, genial host at Hamtramecks most exclusive nightclub was shot and
killed by a racketeer gang because he fell behind in his protection payments. After considerable effort
on the part of the police, five men were brought before the District Attorney, who asked them what
they had to say for themselves. Each of the men made three statements, two true and one false.
Their statements were:
LEFTY: I did not kill Torelli. I never owned a revolver. Spike did it.
RED: I did not kill Torelli. I never owned a revolver. The other guys are all passing the buck.
DOPEY: I am innocent. I never saw Butch before. Spike is guilty.
SPIKE: I am innocent. Butch is the guilty man. Lefty lied when he said I did it.
BUTCH: I did not kill Torelli. Red is the guilty man. Dopey and I are old pals.
Whodunnit?
Maya Touviere's Answer
TRUE

ANSWER: Mr. Jones is the engineer

Problem No. 2: The members of a small loan company are Mr. Black, Mr. White, Mrs. Coffee, Miss
Ambrose, Mr. Kelly and Miss Earnshaw. The positions they occupy are manager, assistant manager,
cashier, stenographer, teller, and clerk, though not necessarily in that order. The assistant manager is
the managers grandson, the casher is the stenographers son-in-law; Mr. Black is a bachelor. Mr.
White is 22 years old; Miss Ambrose is the tellers step-sister; and Mr. Kelly is the managers
neighbor.
Who holds each position?
First, lets eliminate the males: 1) Mr. Black is a bachelor so he cant be the manager since the
manager is a grand-father; 2) Mr. White is only 22 years old so he cant be the manager; and 3) Mr.
Kelly is the managers neighbor; thus no man holds the managers position.

LEFTY: I did not kill Torelli. I never

owned a revolver.
RED: The other guys are all
passing the buck
SPIKE: I am innocent. Lefty lied
when he said I did it.
BUTCH: I did not kill Torelli. Red it
the guilty man.

FALSE

Spike did it.

I did not kill Torelli. I never owned a
revolver.
Butch is the guilty man
Dopey and I are old pals
Spike is guilty

DOPEY: I am innocent. I never saw

Butch before
Solution: Since Butch says the truth: I did not kill Torelli and lies when he says Dopey and I are
old pals is false, so the other statement Red is the guilty man, must be true.
RED is the guilty one.

Problem No. 4: Mrs. Adams, Mrs. Baker, Mrs. Catt, Mrs. Dodge, Mrs. Ennis and that dowdy Mrs.
Fisk all went shopping one morning at the Emporium. Each woman went direly to the floor carrying
the article which she wanted to buy, and each woman bought only one article. They bought a book, a
dress, a handbag, a necktie, a hat, and a lamp.

Problem No. 6: Daniel Kilraine was killed on a lonely road, two miles from Pontiac, at 3:30 A.M.,
March 17, 1952. Otto, Curly, Slim, Mickey, and the Kid were arrested a week later in Detroit and
questioned. Each of the five made four statements, three of which were true and one of which was
false. One of the these men killed Kilraine. Whodunnit? Their statements were:

All the women except Mrs. Adams entered the elevator on the main floor. Two men also entered the
elevator. Two women, Mrs. Catt and the one who bought the necktie, got off at the second floor, met
her husband returning the necktie which one of the other women had given him. If books are sold on
the main floor, and Mrs. Ennis was the sixth person to get out of the elevator, what did each of these
women buy?

OTTO said: I was in Chicago when Kilraine was murdered. I never killed anyone. The Kid is the
guilty man. Mickey and I are pals.
CURLY said: I did not kill Kilraine. I never owned a revolver in my life. The Kid knows me. I was in
Detroit the night of March 17th.
SLIM said: Curly lied when he said he never owned a revolver. The murder was committed on St.
Patricks day. Otto was in Chicago at this time. One of us is guilty.
MICKEY said: I did not kill Kilraine. The Kid has never been in Pontiac. I never saw Otto before.
Curly was in Detroit with me on the night of March 17th.
THE KID said: I did not kill Kilraine. I have never been in Pontiac. I never saw Curly before. Otto lied
when he said I am guilty.

Maya Touvieres Answer

Mrs. Ennith bought the lamp: 5th floor

Mrs. Adams bought the book: Main floor
Mrs. Catt bought the handbag: 2nd floor
Mr. Fisk bought the hat: 6th floor
Mrs. Dodge bought the necktie: 2nd floor
Mrs. Baker bought the dress: 3rd floor

Problem No. 5: Five men who were buddies in the late war are having a reunion. They are White,
Brown, Peters, Harper, and Nash, who by occupation are printer, writer, barber, neurologist, and
heating-contractor. By coincidence, they live in the cities of White Plains, Brownsville, Petersburg,
Harpers Ferry, and Nashville, no man lives in the city having a name similar to his, nor does the
name of his occupation have the same initial as his name or the name of the city in which he lives.
The barber doesnt live in Petersburg, and Brown is neither heating-contractor nor printer-nor does
he live in Petersburg or Harpers Ferry. Mr. Harper lives in Nashville and is neither barber nor writer.
White is not a resident of Brownsville, nor is Nash, who is not a barber, nor a heating-contractor.
If you have only the information given above, can you determine the name of the city in which Nash
resides?
Maya Touvieres Answer

Brown lives in White Plains.

White lives in Harpers Ferry and is barber.
Nash lives in Petersburg.
Harper lives in Nashville.
Peter lives in Brownsville.

Maya Touvieres Answer

True: SLIM: The murder was committed on St. Patricks day. Otto was in Chicago at this
time. One of us is guilty.
True: MICKEY: Curly was with me in Detroit on the night of March 17th.
False: CURLY lied when he said he said he never owned a revolver.

Answer: Curly is guilty.

Problem No. 7: A woman recently gave a tea party to which she invited five guests. The names of
the six women who sat down at the circular table were Mrs. Abrams, Mrs. Banjo, Mrs. Clive, Mrs.
Dumont, Mrs. Ekwall, and Mrs. Fish. One of them was deaf, one was very talkative, one was terribly
fat, one simply hated Mrs. Dumont, one had a vitamin deficiency, one was the hostess.
The woman who hated Mrs. Dumont sat directly opposite Mrs. Banjo. The deaf woman sat opposite
Mrs. Clive, who sat between the woman who had a vitamin deficiency and the woman who hated Ms.
Dumont. The fat woman sat opposite Mrs. Abrams, next to the deaf woman and to the left of the
woman who hated Mrs. Dumont. The woman who had a vitamin deficiency sat between Mrs. Clive
and the woman who sat opposite the woman who hated Mrs. Dumont. Mrs. Fish, who was a good
friend of everyone, sat next to the fat woman and opposite the hostess.
Can you identify each of these lovely women?
Maya Touvieres anwer:

Maya Touviere's Answer:

1.

X is either Mrs. Ekwall or Mrs. Fish. But since Mrs. Fish is a good friend with everybody, x is Mrs.
Ekwall. We have two women left: Mrs. Dumont and Mrs. Fish. But since Mrs. Fish sits next to the fat
woman, the woman must be Mrs. Dumont and the deaf woman Mrs. Fish.
Problem No. 8: Five men are in a poker game: Brown, Perkins, Turner, Jones, and Reilly. Their
brands of cigarettes are Luckies, Camels, Kools, Old Golds, and Chesterfields, but not necessarily in
that order. At the beginning of the game, the number of cigarettes possessed by each of the players
was 20, 15, 8, 6 and 3, but not necessarily in that order.

Brown smokes at least 2 cigarettes since each one has at least one left. Brown smokes
Old Golds.
2. Reilly smokes Camels: 8/2 = 4 or 5-1 = 4
3. Turner smokes Menthol 6-5 = 1
4. We have Perkins or Jones who smoke either Chesterfield or Luckies. But Perkins does not
smoke Luckies, he smokes Chesterfield = (y X 4)/5.
5. Chesterfield cigarettes = (y X 4)/5.
6. So Jones smokes Luckies which is (y X 4)/5 + at least 2 cigarettes. If we follow the algebra
formula and we substitute y by 20 we will obtain (20X4)/5 = 16. Undoubtedly y = 15 in order
to satisfy the statement that Jones smoked at least 2 cigarettes more than anybody else.
7. Thus Chesterfield smoked 15/2 = 7.5 + 2.5 = 10.
8. And Jones smoked at least 12 cigarettes.
9. Perkins smokes Chesterfield. He has 15 at the beginning, smokes half of the cigarettes 7.5
so he has 7.5 cigarettes plus 2 cigarettes = 10 cigarettes.
10. Jones smokes Luckies and he smoked at least 12 cigarettes.

Problem No. 9: In a certain mythical community, politicians always lie, and non-politicians always tell
the truth. A stranger meets three natives, and asks the first of them if he is a politician. The first native
answers the question. The second native then reports that the first native denied being a politician.
Then the third native asserts that the first native is really a politician.
How many of these three natives are politicians?

During the game, at a certain time when no one was smoking, the following conditions obtained:

Perkins asked for three cards.

Reilly had smoked half of his original supply or one less than Turner smoked.
The Chesterfield man originally had as many more, plus half as many more, plus 2 and half
more cigarettes than he now has.
The man who was drawing to an inside straight could taste only the menthol in his fifth
cigarette, the last one he smoked.
The man who smokes Luckies had smoked at least two more than anyone else, including
Perkins
Brown drew as many aces as he originally had cigarettes.
No one had smoked all his cigarettes.
The Camel man asks Jones to pass Browns matches.

How many cigarettes did each man have to begin with and of what brand?

Problem No. 10: Of three prisoners in a certain jail, one had normal vision, the second had only one
eye, and the third was totally blind. All were of at least average intelligence. The jailer told the
prisoners that from three white hats and two red hats he would select three and put them on the
prisoners' heads. Each was prevented from seeing what color hat was placed on his own head. They
were brought together, and the jailer offered freedom to the prisoner with normal vision if he could tell
what color hat was on his head. The prisoner confessed that he couldn't tell. Next the jailer offered
freedom to the prisoner with only one eye if he could tell what color hat was on his head. The second
prisoner confessed that he couldn't tell. The jailer did not bother making the offer to the blind
prisoner, but agreed to extend the same terms to him when he made the request. The blind prisoner
then smiled broadly and said:
"I do not need to have my sight;
From what my friends with eyes have said,
I clearly see my hat is _________