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Cascade Control

The document discusses the criteria for cascade control design and provides an example process to demonstrate its application. The five criteria for effective cascade control are: 1) unacceptable single-loop performance, 2) a measured secondary variable, 3) the secondary variable indicates a key disturbance, 4) there is a causal relationship from the valve to the secondary variable, and 5) the secondary variable dynamics are faster than the primary. In the example packed bed reactor process, temperature T3 is identified as the best secondary variable to cascade with the primary controller for outlet temperature AC-1 because it satisfies all five criteria.

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M Helmy Aditya
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69 views

Cascade Control

The document discusses the criteria for cascade control design and provides an example process to demonstrate its application. The five criteria for effective cascade control are: 1) unacceptable single-loop performance, 2) a measured secondary variable, 3) the secondary variable indicates a key disturbance, 4) there is a causal relationship from the valve to the secondary variable, and 5) the secondary variable dynamics are faster than the primary. In the example packed bed reactor process, temperature T3 is identified as the best secondary variable to cascade with the primary controller for outlet temperature AC-1 because it satisfies all five criteria.

Uploaded by

M Helmy Aditya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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KRITERIA CASCADE

CONTROL

CASCADE DESIGN CRITERIA

Cascade is desired when


1.

Single-loop performance unacceptable

2.

A measured variable is available

A secondary variable must


3.

Indicate the occurrence of an important


disturbance

4.

Have a causal relationship from valve to


secondary (cause effect)

5.

Have a faster response than the primary

Very
important

Class exercise: Design a cascade control structure to improve


performance.
heating stream

Performance
not acceptable

F
2

F
1

T
2

feed
T
1

0.2
CV1

T
3

A
2

packed bed
reactor

AC

0.15

maximum

0.1

AC
1

0.05
0
-0.05
0

Disturbance in heating
medium temperature

100

200

300

400

500

product

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Cascade design criteria


Single-loop not acceptable
Secondary variable is measured
Indicates a key disturbance
Causal relationship, valve secondary
Secondary dynamics faster than primary

Lets use the


cascade design
rules!

A2

F1

F2

T1

T2

Remember: The disturbance is the


heating medium inlet temperature
and the primary is AC-1.

T3

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Cascade design criteria


Single-loop not acceptable
Secondary variable is measured
Indicates a key disturbance
Causal relationship, valve secondary
Secondary dynamics faster than primary

Lets use the


cascade design
rules!

A2
Y
Y
N
N
N/A

F1
Y
Y
N
N
N/A

F2
Y
Y
N
Y
N/A

T1
Y
Y
N
N
N/A

T2
Y
Y
Y
N
N/A

T3
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

T2 is the disturbance but


cannot be used in
cascade!

T3 satisfies all of the rules and


can be used as a secondary in a
cascade.

heating stream

F
2

MV2
F
1

feed

T
1

T
2

secondary

CV2

A
2

packed bed
reactor

TC
3

SP2 = MV1

primary

CV1

AC
1

SP1 from
person
product

CHAPTER 14: CASCADE CONTROL


heating stream

F
2

MV2

How does the system


respond to the
following?

F
1

feed

T
1

T
2
TC
3

CV2

A
2

secondary

SP2 = MV1
packed bed
reactor
primary

A disturbance in T1

CV1

Cascade better

product

A disturbance in heating medium inlet pressure


A disturbance in feed pressure

Cascade better

Cascade better, but not perfect

A disturbance to feed composition, A2


A change to the AC-1 set point

SP1 from
person

AC
1

Both the same

Both the same

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