“NAT A Sathya To Sivagurunathan/KPKMFIS HERISECISANMAR ee 2110822006 00.24 AM bee A Sathya Sivacurunathan/XPKM/FISHER/SECISANMAR Subject B.E/B.Tech, DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRIL/MAY 2003. ‘Third Semester Civil Engineering CE 233 — FLUID MECHANICS ‘Time : Three hours ‘Maximum : 100 marks Answer ALL questions, PART A— (10 2 = 20 marks) 1. Distinguish between ideal and real fluids. 2 Express 3 m of water head in cm of mereury and pressure in KPa 3. __ List out the properties of a velocity potential function. 4. Can the path line and a streamline cross each other at right angles? Why? 5. Whyis it necessary to assume that the flow is steady before integrating Euler's equation to derive Bernoulli's equation? 6, What is the meaning of the term momentum flax? What are its units? 7, What is meant by the term “Piezometrie head”? 8 Apipe has D =40cm,L = 100 m,f = 0.005. Compute the length of an equivalent pipe which has D = 20cm and f = 0.008. 9. State three demerits of a distorted model. 10. Define momentum thickness, PART B—( 16 = 80 marks) 11. A trapezoidal plate of top width 5 m, bottom width 4 m and height 8 m is immersed vertically in water with its parallel sides parallel to the water level and its top edge at a depth of 2 m below the water level. Find the water thrust on one side of the plate and the depth of center of pressure. 12, (a) A mercury U-tube monometer shown in the fig. is used to measure the pressure above atmospheric of water in a pipe, the water being in contact with the mercury in the left-hand limb. (@ Explain its action, (i) If the mereury is 30 cm below A in the left-hand limb and 20 emabove A in the right-hand limb, what may be gauge pressure at A? Specific gravity of mereury is = 13.6. (iii) Ifthe pressure at A is reduced by 40 KN/m?2 what wil! be the new difference in level of the mercury? op.we= ur (b) List out the various methods of construction of flow nets and Explain the graphical method in detail. 13. (a) Derive Buler’s equations for a three~dimensional fluid flow. Or (b) A jet propelled boat moves at 32 km/hr in a fresh water lake. There are two jets each of diameter 20 cm. The absolute velocity of the discharged jets is 25 km/hr. Calculate the pump discharge, force of propulsion, power input and efficiency of propulsion if the inlet orifices are located at amid-ships and in bow. 14. (a) Two reservoirs whose water surface elevations differ by 12 mare connected by the following horizontal compound pipe Ly 2200 m, 9: = 0.2m, 4 = 9-8 ana level reservoir. La = 500 m, 22 = 0.3 m, fe = 0.006. Considering all head losses and assuming that all changes of section are abrupt, compute the discharge through the system. Determine the equivalent length of a 0.25 m diameter pipe if minor losses are neglected and friction factors are assumed to be the same, Sketch HGL and TEL. Or (b) Water flows through a 10 cm diameter, 80 m long pipe at a rate of 1400 Ipm. What percent of head would be gained by replacing the central one third length of pipe by another pipe of 20 cm diameter. Assume that the changes in section are abrupt and f = 0.008 for all pipes. Neglect entrance and exitlosses but consider all other losses. 15. (a) Using Buckingham’s « theorem, show that the drag > of a supersonic aireraft is given by Fy - pl? V* @(Re,M) Where Re = eVL/H# = Reynolds number, M =V/¢ = Mach number, p= fluid density, V = velocity of aireraft, ¢ = sonie velocity = ¥X/?, K = bulk modulus of fluid, L = chord length, L’ = wing area = chord x span, ¢= a functional notation. Or (b) It is desired to obtain the dynamic similarity between a 30 em diameter pipe carrying linseed oil at 0.5 m3/s and a 5 m diameter pipe carrying water. What should be the rate of flow of water in Ips? If the pressure loss in the model is 196 N/m2, what is the pressure loss in the prototype pipe? Kinematic viscosities of linseed oil and water are 0.457 and 0.0118 stokes respectively. Specific gravity of linseed oil = 0.82. B.B/B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRIL/MAY 2003. ‘Third Semester Civil Engineering CE 238 — FLUID MECHANICS ‘Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks Answer ALL questions. PART A— (10 2= 20 marks) 1. Distinguish between ideal and real fluids. 2. Express 3 m of water head in em of mercury and pressure in KPa 3, __ List out the properties of a velocity potential function. 4, Can the path line and a streamline cross each other at right angles? Why? 5. Why is it necessary to assume that the flow is steady before integrating Euler’s equation to derive Bernoulli's equation? 6. Whatis the meaning of the term momentum flux? What are its units? 7. Whatis meant by the term “Piezometric head”? 8 Apipe has D = 40cm, L = 100m,f = 0.005. Compute the length of an equivalent Pl 9. ipe which has D =20em and f = 0.008 State three demerits of a distorted modelASathya To Sivagurunathan/KPKM/FIS HERISECISANMAR ie peingane 99:42 84 bce A Sethva Sivaaurunathan/KPKW/FISHERSECISANMAR: Subject 4 D228 B.EJB.Tech DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRIL/MAY 2003. Fourth Semester Marine Engineering MV 402 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks Answer ALL questions. PART A— (10 2 = 20 marks) 1. Determine the force exerted by a water level of 2m on a rectangular surface of 1 m wide and 3 m width when its upper edge is horizontal 2. Whatis the state of a body, if the position of meta centre M remains lower than c.g. of the body G? 3. The velocity components inx andy directions are given as yx 3°, State whether it is a possible flow field. 4, What do you understand by ‘Magnus effect’? 5. Give four examples in every day life where formation of boundary layer is, important. 6. Aman weighing 1000 N descends to the ground from an aeroplane with the help ofa parachute against the resistance of air. The shape of the parachute payee is hemispherical of 2 m diameter. Find the velocity of the parachute with which it comes down. Assume Cd = 0.5 and density of air = 0.00125 gm/ce and 7= 0.015 stoke. 7. State the effects of cavitation and the precautions to be taken to avoid the same. 8. Which of the following statements pertaining to a given centrifugal pump iscorrect? (a) Discharge varies as the square of speed (b) Power varies as the square of speed (©) Discharge varies directly as speed (@) Head varies inversely as speed 9. What are the functions of a draft tube? 10. What are the typical value of speed ratio (Ku) and flow ratio (Kf) in case of a Francis turbine? PART B—(5 16 = 80 marks) 11. () Define the specific speed of a hydraulic turbine and obtain an expr for the same. ) ion Gi) Determine the overall efficiency of a Kaplan turbine developing 2850 KW under a head of 5.2 m. It is provided with a draft tube with its inlet (diameter 3 m) set 1.8 m above the tail race level. A vacuum gauge connected to the draft tube indicates a reading of 5.2 m of water. Assume draft tube efficiency as 75 per cent. (8) 12. (a) (i) __Derive an expression for the force exerted by the static liquid on a submerged vertical plane surface and locate the position of centre of pressure. (8) (Gi) A cireular plate 3.0 m diameter is immersed in water in such a way that its greatest and least depth below the free surfaco are 4m and 1.5 m respectively. Determine the total pressure on one face of the plate and position of centre of pressure. (8) Or (b) (i) Briefly explain the devices used for measuring the pressure of a fluid. ® Gi) Deseribe giving a sketch of micro manometer. Explain how it could be used for measuring small pressure difference. i) 13. (a) Derive the continuity equation in Cartesian co-ordinates. (8) i) A two dimensional flow field is given by @= 3x y , determine (1) Stream function (3)(2) Velocity at L (2, 6) and M (6, 6) and the pressure difference (8) The discharge between the stream lines passing through the points L and M. (2) Or (b) G) As an application of the Magnus effect, a ship is built having two vertical rotors 10 m high and 8 m in diameter. The rotors are spun at 250 rpm. On a day when the air temperature is 20C and the relative motion of the air to the ship results in 54 kmph wind, calculate the force emitted by the spinning rotors on the ship. Take pof air as 1.25 kg/m. (8) (ii) Discuss the flow pattern around a cylinder briefly. (8) 14. (a) (i) __ Define displacement thickness, of a boundary layer and derive an expression for the same. (3) (ii) A smooth flat plate of length 5 m and width 2 m is moving with a velocity of 4 m/s in stationary air of density as 1.25 kg/m3 and kinematic viscosity 1,5 10-5 m2%s. Determine the thickness of the boundary layer at the trailing edge of the smooth plate. Find the total drag on one side of the plate assuming that the boundary layer is turbulent from the very beginning. (8) Or (>) (@ Deseribe with a sketch, the variation of drag coefficient for an aerofoil section over a wide range of Reynolds number. @) Gi) A wing of a small aeroplane is rectangular in plan having a span of 12m and chord of 1.8 m. In a horizontal flight at 200 km/h the total aerodynamic force acting on the wing is 28 kN. If the lift-drag ratio is 10, determine (1) coefficients of lift and drag (2) total weight the aeroplane can carry and (3) power required for the flight. (8) 15. (a) __ Discuss any two important dimensionless numbers applicable to fluid mechanics. @ (ii) The discharge @ of a centrifugal pump depends upon the mass density of fluid (p), the speed of the pump (NV ), the diameter of the impeller (D },the manometric head (Hm ) and the viscosity of fluid (y). Show that 3 eH HH = ND* ee eat SEND" OLDE a 09) Or (b) (i) The diameter and width of a centrifugal pump impeller are 300 mm and 60 mm respectively. The pump is delivering 144 litres of liquid per second with a manometric efficiency of 85 per cent. The effective outlet vane angle is 30. If the speed of rotation is 950 rpm. Calculate the specific speed of the pump. @) (i) Deseribe with a neat sketch the constructional details of an Axial flow pump. (8)ASathya To Sivagurunathan/KPKM/FIS. HERISEC/SANMAR 4 ouine 26 a bee A Sathva Sivaqurunathan/KPKM/FISHERISECISANMAR Subject 3 Doi B.E/B.Tech, DEGREE EXAMINATION, april/MAY 2003. Third Semester Mechanical Engineering ce 253 — fluid mechanics and machinery (Common to Mechatronics Engineering) ‘Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks Answer ALL questions. PART A —(10 2 = 20 marks) 1. What is a real fluid? Give examples. 2. Find the height through which water rises by capillary action in a 2 mm bore i surface tension at the prevailing temperature is 0.075 glem. 3. When is the flow regarded as unsteady? Give an example for unsteady flow 4, Define the following terms (a) Source and Sink (b) Doublet. 5. A 20 cm diameter pipe 30 km long transport oil from a tanker to the shore at 0.01 ma/s, Find the Reynolds number to classify the flow. Take viscosity “= 0.1 Nm/s2 and density ? = 900 kg/m for oil. 6. What is boundary layer? Give a sketch of a boundary-layer region over a flat plate. 7. Give the dimensions of the following physical quantities : (a) Pressure (b) Surface tension (©) Dynamic viscosity (@) Kinematic viscosity. 8. What is a Mach number? Mention its field of use. 9, What are reaction turbines? Give examples.10. What are rotary pumps? Give examples. PART B—(6 16 = 80 marks) 11. Show for a perfect gas the bulk modulus for # elasticity equals its pressure for (i) An isothermen process (ii) ” times the pressure for an isentropic process. 12, (a) Derive the continuity equation of differential form. Discuss whether the equation is valid for a steady or unsteady flow, viscous or inviscid flow, compressible or incompressible flow. Or (b) @ Does a velocity given by U =5**i-15x°yJ+t® represent possible fluid motion of an incompressible fluid. (a) (ii) Two components of velocity in an incompressible fluid flow are given by U= and “ Determine the third component, assuming that the origin is a stagnation point. @ (iii) The velocity in flow field is given by 3m/s v = 6ms Determine the equation of the streamline passing through the origin and the one passing through the point (2m, 3m), ) 13. (a) Derive an expression for Darcy-Weisbach formula to determine the head loss due to friction. Give the expression for relation between friction factor ‘f and Reynolds's number ‘Re’ for laminar and turbulent flow. Or oo) A 30 cm diameter pipe of length 30 em is connected in series to a 20 cm diameter pipe of length 20 cm to convey discharge. Determine the equivalent length of pipe of diameter 25 cm, assuming that the Friction factor remains the same and the minor losses are negligible. 14, (a) Consider force F acting on the propeller of an aircraft, which depends upon the variable U, ?, # D and N, Derive the non-dimensional functional form F/{pUD*)= f(UDp/ AN DIV).Or (b) A Pelton turbine is required to develop 9000 KW when working under a head of 300 m the impeller may rotate at 500 rpm. Assuming a jet ratio of 10 and an overall efficiency of 85% calculate (@) Quantity of water required Gi) Diameter of the wheel (ii) Number of jots (iv) Number and size of the bucket vanes on the runner. 15. {a) Draw aneat sketch of a reciprocating pumps. List the components and briefly explain their functions. Or (b) A radial flow impeller has a diameter 25 em and width 7.5 cm at exit. It delivers 120 liters of water per second against a head of 24 m at 1440 rpm. Assuming the vanes block the flow area by 5 percent and hydraulic efficiency of 0.8, estimate the vane angle at exit. Also calculate the torque exerted on the driving shaft if the mechanical efficiency is 95 percent.Delivery Failure Report Your ‘oocument: was not BeReea to: 28517sanmargroup.com hecause: User as517sanmargroup.com ([email protected]) not fisted in Domino Directory ‘Whet should you do? You cen resend the undeliverable document to the recipients listed above by choosing the Resend button or the Resend command on the Actions menu. (Once you have resent the document you may delete this Delivery Failure Report. IF resending the document is not successful you will receive a new failure report Unless you receive other Delivery Failure Reports, the document was successfully delivered to all other recipients, Routing path a i CHNDOM1/SANMAR, CHNDOM1/SANMAR, KARDOMI/SANMAR, To: ce: Date: 02:39:16 AM Today ‘Subject: D001 B.EVB.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRIL/MAY 2003. ‘Third Semester Production Engineering AE 231 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY (Common to Aeronautical and Automobile Engineering) Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks Answer ALL questions. PART A— (10 2 = 20 marks)Define dynamic viscosity and give its unit. Differentiate between gauge pressure and absolute pressure. yeast The stream function in a two dimensional flow is given by Yetermine the velocity at point (1, 1). What is a hydraulic gradient line? Check for dimensional homogeneity of the equation for Reynold Number. Define Froude Number and give its expression, Write down Hagen-Poisevillie equation. Differentiate between major and minor losses in flow through pipes. What is the major difference between impulse and reaction turbines? (0. Define slip and coefficient of discharge in reciprocating pump. pe pe geen eS PART B—(6 16 = 80 marks) 11. A fluid of viscosity 0.7 Ne/m2 and specific gravity 1.3 is flowing through a pipe of diameter 10 cm. The maximum shear stress at the pipe wall is 196.2 N/m2. Find (i) The pressure gradient (ii) The average velocity and ii) Reynold No. of the flow. 12. (a) A square metal plate 1.8 m side and 1.8 mm thick weighing 60 Nis to be lifted through a vertical gap of 30 mm of infinite extent. The oil in the gap has a specific gravity of 0.95 and viscosity of 3 Ns/m2. If the metal plate is to be lifted at a constant speed of 12 cm/s, find the force and power required. Or (b) A circular plate 3 m diameter is immersed in water in such a way that its greatest and least depth below the free surface are 4 m and 1.5 m respectively. Determine the total pressure on one face of the plate and position of the centre of pressure. 13. (a) For the velocity components in a fluid flow given by “2 and vea? +s? 2 , show that the flow is possible. Obtain the relevant stream function. (12) (ii) For a real fluid flow through an inclined pipe, sketch the various energy levels from the datum line. (4) Or (b) A 30 cm 15 cm venturimeter is fitted in a vertical pipe line carrying oil of specific gravity 0.9, the flow being upwards. The difference in elevation of the throat section and entrance section of the venturimeter is 30 em. The differential U-tube mercury manometer shows a deflection of 25 cm.Calculate the discharge of oil and the pressure difference between entrance section and throat section. Take Cu as 0.98. 14, (a) The pressure difference AP in a pipe of diameter D and length 7 due to turbulent flow depends on the velocity V , viscosity 4, density p and roughness K’ . By using dimensional analysis, obtain an expression for the pressure difference AP Or (b) (i) An object of diameter 900 mm is to move in air at 60 m/s. Its drag ated from tests on a half ceale mode! in ter is to be ex ‘The drag on the model is 1140 N, Estimate the speed of the model and drag on the full seale object. Given Moir = 1.86 10-5 Ne/m2. Hyaver = 1,01 10-3 Ne/m2. Pair = 1.2 kg/m3 Pwster = 1000 kg/m3. (12) i) Derive an expression for Mach Number. (a) 15. (a) A Pelton wheel, working under a head of 600 m develops 13 MW when running at a speed of 430 rpm. If the efficiency of the wheel is 85%, determine the rate of flow through the turbine, the diameter of the wheel and the diameter of the nozzle. Také speed ratio as 0.46 and coefficient of velocity for the nozzle as 0.98. Or (b) Deseribe with a neat sketeh, the principle of working of a double acting reciprocating pump and get an expression for the work done.