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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
540 views24 pagesHB 7UT92 en PDF
Uploaded by
Leonel Zavarizi NetoCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 24
A
SIEMENS Al
“} Transformer differential protective relay system
TJUT92 (RT22c)
an aces Aktenexemplar.
darf nur zu kopierzwecken entnommen werden
“Teast diferent ure arte)
protective relay
staining unit ares (8125
“AY dexretion 2
Mode f operation ‘
instalation 5
Commisioning ®
Mitenance 2 Application
Technical data
Description
The differential protective relay system 7UI92
(RT 220) detects all shortcircut-ike faults within
its protection zone which is marked by the current
translarmers
In the case of transformers which have more than
two windings brought out (mult-winding tans
formers), the differential relay system is supple
mented by stabilizing unit 7UT95 (8123),
Differential protective relays should always be
provided for transformers rated at SMVA. ond
bore, as wel as for parallel-connected transtorm
fers from IMVA upwards for selectively tipping
the fauited transformers
1 Sabin ectin t2o8
2 Stabling Cen wontomers (19)
For both 7UT92 (RT 22e) and TUTSS (RT 23)
Degiee of protection 1P50
to DIN 40050
Ambient temperature S10 +40°C
Test voltage 2000 v, So He
Conductar connected 6 mm’, cirelar
Resistance to vibration max 2g
TUT: see Fig. 2
TUI9S: soe Fig. 23
VOR 0435,
Allocation of terminals
Specilications
Providing protection against
Contact with implements ofall kinds,
{and harmful dust deposit in the
interior; no protection against water.
9 = 981 mis?
a Rated current I,
Rated frequency
Overload capacity of the
current circuit
Power consumption
Stabilizing circuit
~ per phase
er ohare | Tripping eitcuit
arate TF Filtering wanslormers
in phase R and T
= DC. circuit
Auxiliary rated de, voltage
Range
Current transformer
Measuring relay D
Setting renge
(Gteplessly variable)
Relay H
Contacts
Switching current
Switching voltage
Switching capacity
Material of contact fa
Target indicator
‘Tripping time with 2 setting
of 02 x rated curcent
(excluding associated auxiliary
tripping relay
Minimum response time
Enclosure
Weight
Stabilization unit 7UT9S
Rated current
Frequency
Overload capacity
of current circuits
Power consumption per
phase at vated current
Enclosure
Weight
SAortA
80 He or 60 He
60 x rated current
20 X rated current
15 x rated current
ox2va
025A,
approx. 0.4 VA
010.25,
depending on the
‘magnitude of the
auniliary voltage,
plus 0 6W
ay
“ov
nov
mov
010 110%
BANA
Current
02 10 04 x rated
current, relerred to
2 three-phase short:
circuit
ce
le relay N
1NO contact
1A maximum
2500 maximum
BowAr
Silver
Flectvically op
351055 me
2010 30 me
1510 25 ms
7XP7 02-2 (EG 12)
Approx. 68kg
Sto1A
S010 60H:
60 x rated current
20 rated current
15 x rated current
Approx. 012 VA,
TPT 01-2 (EG 11)
40k9
forts
for 10
continuously
per half of centre-tapped current transformers {110 13
per winding of current transformers 14 to 16
pee winding 111
in normal operation
during tipping
‘The particular auxiliory voltage is obtained by 9
builtin combination of resistors 128-31
{please specity in an order)
Minimum 10VA, accuracy class 10 P10
(previously 3%, saturation factor greater than 10)
losses in the leads are considerable (> 210 8
at rated current), larger current transformers
should be used.
Special mode!
Suitable for operation on associated
‘auxiliary tripping relay 7PAIO or TPASO
Making or breaking
Reset from outside
at twice the rated current
at 2% tated current
A110 X rated euetent
for ts
for 10s
continuously
Hots Mounting
Comparison of
The base js of cast aluminium; the cover with glass
front is of drawn sheet (Figs. and 2). The cases,
comply with degree of protection [P90 All cases
‘a lead'sealed’ bolore’ delivery. Depending. on
the desiga they ean be used for surtace.mousting
{flush ‘mounting on switchboards (with rubber
over frame). On terminal stip at the top and one
at the bottom of tha case enable the telay 10 be
Connected fram the front or rear
Relay system 7UT72 incorporates three current
tuansformars (ft 3) in the stabilizing circuit and
three current transformers (4 (018) inthe wipping
Evccuit Angiher current transformer (FTI) 1 bro:
Yided for the builtin stabilizing device to. guord
agains the ellects of inush current harmonic
iter).
‘A rectifier bridge circuit with measuring relay D
and s non-linea’ tesistor combination establishing
the operaling time characteristic of the relay are
provided onthe secondary side of the cutee
francfarmers {1 to/11, Measuring relay D hae two
vwinginge
The fist is the measuring winding; voltage is
impressed" on the second by the cuvrent invush
siabilzrien devico'm the restaining sense oy
(Gee"Spsraton’),
The resistors 128 10 131 matches the auxiliary dc.
Voltage to switching velay H. The resistors can be
‘easly replaced should a change in the dc vallage
fof the transformor substation make tis necessary
he stching flay epergises nsezaate auxiliary
relay the Contacts of whien operate the circuit
‘Mode of operation
The difforential protective relay compares the
cuvronts st the end of the, protection “zone
points of an electrical conductor irom which no
Eurrant is derived gr to which no. curtent te fed
Eany'2 current squal in direetion and magnitude
431 each particular insiant (Also in an a. citcult
the alectars low in the sme direction af 3 pa.
ticular instant). Consaquertly, uc. inflowing ‘an
batflowing currents at Both ends of the protection
zone ave equal a: long 33 the system is in an une
faulted ‘condition. Any dilferance between. the
two curtonts indicates that thera is a connection
169g enteral to the protected tne and,
Unless this connection is an integral part of the
Creuit, a fauit-exists in the zone of protection.
Fig. 3 shows a ful inthe one of protection ow:
Ing fo'9 connection ‘at °F with another eon
iat, Ine conlton the Current and tow
int the one of protections infed fom both
{ds "The ireclon of the crent flowing ine
the protection somo wil be refered. tori the
{Shing 2 sponte Tht agrees basically with
the*Ealance comparison system of 9 iferontal
{thay and se wrod to: advantage. when system,
patcullythowe having more tan two outgoing
Feeders ave anaysed mathematcaly
Fig, 4 nena al lng fad tom beth ends
Ihe protective relay is stabilized so as to be
proof against spurious currents caused by
inaccuracy of the curren vanstormers
saturation fects of the current transformer
ue to large currents;
tap:changing control of the transformer within
73 and Tdsth of ts rated volo:
inaish currents of any magnitude and time
charactensie occurring in'acual practice.
The stabilizing unit 7UT93 incarporates six insu
iment tanstormers (fl 101)
Tho secondary side of the instrument transformer
is connocted to a rectiier eitcult which, in turn,
Ia connoctod va terminals 11 and 12 to the ta:
Bilzation side ‘of the rectifier bridge in the
differential relay system TUI9Z. This system rep-
resents a dee, bridge whose stabilization side
‘cries the arithmetic sum of the stabilizing cur.
‘ents, produced by the main current transformers
Gee “Gperation”).
The protective system is equipped with separate
matching transformers to feed equal eurents to
the differential voloy from both ends of the sone
‘ol protection. These matching Wransformers are
tied to match the magnitude and phase telations
Of the secondary currents &g. (ype 4AM.
The short-circuit is gstabliehed through » phase
orveanh conductor. The currents flowing ino
Botection tone tom both ends aro iecked by
fhe olay system. The short-ereut cusent hy
itowing atthe faulted point F's tho aul corent
tov which the" compuriton’ protection ystm te:
sponds
In a healthy condition one of the two currents
Hows, in-a ‘direction opposite 10 that shown in
Fig, 3.1. it has the opposite sign, Moreover,
bath curcents are of equal magnitude in this case
Ina plant having “n outgoing Teeders, tho v
tori aum of al currents zero tn the unful
Lehto thys
The currents flowing in the high-voltage system
fat te relay” vin curent wandorne
‘atthe limits of the protection zone of the
differential relay system (Fig 4).
AVA Ot itt ted Pa e
Should a shor-ciruit occur within the protection
Zone, a tipping cutront 18. proportional te the
Shor-cicul current f+ ty ofthe. high-voltage
Side flows through the'messuring relay B.
This principle applies alka. to plants fed from
Eeveatl ends (fgo the even! ea shot
Eirclt inthe protection ‘zone, 2 tipping carent
Proportional 10 the snortcrcut rrent on the
Bigh-volage side ‘operates measuring relay” D
Ine resiuat-curent ere.
innit big
|
!
I —t
Fig, $ Diloroia elay for «plat td rom se ans
Owing to transformation errors of the current
transformers 1. fh, the tripping current ia it
healthy systems is other than zero.
a fault, current traverses. the pfotection zone
of the differential clay, the primary sider of the
Eurtent Wansiormers sin carry @ multiple of
the rated current and may’ reach their state of
Saturation. “This may entail considerable errors
With respect to the magnitude and phase relation
Of the secondary currents
In tap-changing tanslormers the ratio of primary
to Secondary currents qoverned by the particolot
{2p Since the differents relay syste te alvsted
{of 9 delinte translormation ratio, any other tap
position wil, even in unfaulted systzme, east
Tripping current which is propantionsl to the load
The differential relay therefove has a stabilization
featuie to prevent undesirable Wipping due to
currenis flowing 19 unfaulted ystems and when
igh shortceirut curcents are passing through,
t + Wich py ea
’ teeter
ig. 5 ioe ray in plant fad fom “n° ands
The likelihood of undesirable tripping is, the
‘greater the larger the current flowing through the
i
) by being ted
tbilization quanti
fo the measuring relay Din opposition to the
Uripping current ia
In a plant with *n” ends, tha tipping current ia
is obtained initially by forming the vectorial sum
of the individual currents fy e- in (Fig. 8), The
Fesulting sc, current is ed io velay'D through an
interposing wanstormer Ta ond a rectifier nn
Ideally ('e,, no saturation of the current iransfor=
‘mer, would be zero ina healthy system,
The stabilization current is obtained first by step.
ping’ the individual currents fy ys ly. down in
‘an interposing current transformer t, and rectifying
them in rectifier na the ce. currents then being
added arithmeticaly by paralel connection,
ADA LiaL +. + Hind
Figs 4 Sobiied diferent slay eye fo
18: Subtiing ve
1: Secondey cures
Stabilization
inst through
‘aul currents crt ag
rangement for
Sireetphase rl
syttems "y
Increased
Inerposing transformer fs steps the current down
toa lower value than does. intersosing. Wane
former fa. Thus, in the event af a short-crcui in
the protection zone fed from ‘only one end, the
tripping ‘eurzent ais larger than the current of
interposing tvansformer fs, and eelay © picks up.
In plants having only two ovigoing feeders the
Ceduit design of the diferent relay syst
Simpl. The et bilzing current iy is formed
the vectorial difference i i Pg. 7h *
If the, shortcteu in the protection zone is fed
from bath ends, the sabilzaion sflecl weak
ened, ie. the sensitivity of the dilerental relty
system is enhanced
For transformers with two loaded groups of wind.
ings, the siiferential relay. system is wired "a5
chown in Fig. 7, For translormers_ having more
than two losded groups of windings the relay
system is wired as in fig. 6 since no definite
ifference can be formed if morethan two variables
fre involved
The comperson protection system fr three-phase
ransiormers and generators enabished on
bass offigs and? eden
The resul is 9 fullwave rater circuit consis
ata single bridge anc one moasuting relay’ B
Gg eee
la the case of earth faults on either side of the
protwetion zone limit (=n faut within, ane outside
fhe protection zone), ine faut current ol a phase
ows though the current transformers at both
fends of the protection sone, this. affoediog &
igh degree Of stabilization. The latter isc
Called’ By the Jnterposing.Wanstormers onthe
Iiipping side which sre connected in such a wa
Iba th cans af ey vo pas at summa
ig, 9). This method affords doubled sensivity
Gt the" celay for single-phase. current, which
Sesirable paricterly for double eerth faults,
In balanced three-phase systems, the sum of two
phase currents is effective in each of tho th
Interposing. wansformers, This sum is ea
‘magnitude t0 the (negative) current of the thitd
have, This eicutt aHfords tha same sensitivity a5
‘would be the cage ifthe phase currant ware fed
Yo each interposing cireent transformer through
‘one winding only
Fig. 7 alited diorama aay sytem td om two end
R 7
A cileon of sre pha carat othe
fe te vs
The complete circuit of the wree-pase dlffer-
ential relay system (Fig. 10) shows the current
Howe in the interpesing curvent tanstormers and
cies,
The analysis of the current flow in. the inter-
posing transformers and rectifiers indicates thal,
‘ith “equal magnitude of the. impresced -a.c
feurrents, the resulting dc. current varies 98.
function’ of the share which the three phases and
the’ etal conductor have in the total current
rom this it follows that the protective. relay
system as shown in Fig. 10 has diferent response
values for the various kinds of foul, lal,
Thee pho dierent vl som with Incrend snay Be cath fate
noe ent faa he
afar Screg mati caren
reallnanees wu) te ean
Steet sinltarin Seeebeetre (piel
ponuitoth een pns caverta anya =
reel wea pose ses Sc he
aa
This fullwave rectification, of Balanced the. cs in i
hase “current gives the following mean Gc 4) caver tow inthe bridge crit a the ian
Curent, assuming @ peak value of Tor each *
hese:
Fig. 12 shows the recllication process specially ate
{ot the tipping? se of the "protective. relay Two-ph
tyster: (0 Fig 10) in the event of 3 two-phore
shoreircuit The usual full-wave rectification of
‘ne current ig used The resulting moan de. cur:
ee
cosy de = 3. 2ain =
1
RS coe TR |
sole
Subang side “Wiping wide
1 Cuenta the ect tem
” 419 wr a ne
‘o-gve‘srlrct ted om ome Single-phase
current
Bent tripping
current
‘characteris
Stabilized
differential relay
System in three.
Phase connection
In the event of an cath fault within the protection
Zone, or two. earth faults with one fault point
‘mihin the protection zone, a single-phase current
Tiows on the tipping side. effect (Fig. 13) is
double that of the twosphase caren tRowt in
Fig 2
As Figh 11 and 13 show, the ratio of the de.
arena on the riping sie ates oa function
fof the number of phases invalved, assuming phage
nts of equal magnitude
Fault D.C. current
Singleftwo/throe:phase 42:5
A detinite dic currant flowing though measuring
felay 0 in the tipping sense is required to cause.
the"elay sytem tov respond. ‘Accordingly. the
tripping currents required under the variout fault
Conditions (number of faulted. phases) are. in
versely proportional 10 the above d., currents:
Aad
ers
= 5s,
The infuence ofthe sailing cuvent isnot
constant im diffeential telay systems for gon
tors and ‘ranslormers, The’ current transformers
to which the relay is connected reach thew spec
fied’ accuracy within the range of about 5 10.10
men the ated curtent Ta ragion. of the
ractaistic curve therelate requires no power
at stablzation. The senstivuy of the proteclive
Telay to faults occuring within the Zone ol pro.
fection should be approximately constant, fully or
almost independently of the load current teavers~
ing the fone of protection.
However, a large fault curcent traverses the
protacion sane (shortcrcul guuide the protec:
fon zone), causing large transformation errors ol
the corent wonslarmers and thus setting up fault
Currents (eaturation of the current transformers), 8
powerful stabilization eect must be estabished
fo prevent. spurious tripping. To comply with
these requitements, the diflerental protection
felay, system has a bent caracterisie curve
fis"4p
The circuit arrangement necessary to obtsin the
osived characterstic 1s shown in Fig. 15.
‘With this characteristic, only the tipi
Iniiowe through the measuring relay Dy the sta
iting side torminating at resistor sition ris
Gardbarded hors) Tne ‘aitwave “retiier of
Sung aan electical valve becemer conductive
Snly shen the applied: voltage, has ‘aached.'a
Pradeterined vale (resold vive) When the
Kim af the cumulative wohage drops occu
cross the relay coll an renstor rf reaches the
threshold voltage of n7, exchange of current bu
tween‘the two-way reciffer brdges commances
The stebilizing current is flows parlly through
measuring relay D, thus ‘making the stabincing
Klar orate, The tme-curen! harcterat
‘a'tlat atthe beginning. and bends. upw
sharply as the stabilizing ed Fi
Fig. 16 shows the basic diagram of the stabilized
ilferential relay system for lhree-phase.curcent,
‘The’ interposing’wransiormers 1-10 13 foed the
stabilization side, and 14 to 16 the tripping side
othe de. bridge,
Se tt
Consequently, the ratio of the sensitivity of the
dlitferentiai raiay system in Fig. 10 ie 36.74
8) Etsiscertne Si generar peowechve relay system
7
—
SS. Sorry iter bias mining pte
ig a anagem tr abining «beat M1103
1
{ne Curent ansormer tips end
HEINE Core! heaters opt ond
te
{U.nt Fallweve rector, pping te
5 Meaning vin
we Haweve eter
1 to 155
a. 6 etic crt diagram of « tblced the:phane diem slay open
If the differant protective relay systom is matched
tos deli transovmation tallo oh the ans.
formers, 8 change in tne transformation ratio (a
Gansal causes a baloncing corent flow. The
range of translormers may be
A diffecential relay calibrated at the central tap
l'hus carey @ balance current of about
fed ‘current is Mlowing. and the tap
Changer is in an extYeme position. The currant
The no-load current of
differential relay like # fault current. Howes
Since the nosload current: will not normally. ex-
Depending on the instant at which the transform
fr energized, the starting inrush ‘current involves
high current peaks which simulate a foult current
path ileretl ely, The. nh cron
Sisplaced in the coordinate system by a dic. com-
[ponent which decays only gradually
‘The starting iovush current is @ multiple of the
fated current and is characterized by 2 consider:
ble harmonics content For instance, the second
harmonic (double the rated frequency) which Is
fimost completely misting froma short circuit
{Counts for about 35% of the inrush current
The third harmonic, (thrae times, the rated fee-
quency) has a considerable shave in short-cireuits,
But plays no partin the inrush current
‘he differential relay 7 UT9? ig therefore equip-
bed witha ilter through whieh the wipping
Current flow; thie filer is of the highpass type
land Is impermeable to the rated trequency and
the third harmonie, 20 that, designed for 60 Mz,
Wshorteireuts the $0- and 150-He waves.
characteristic of the relay system is, therefore
Slightly rising sn is inital portion (oraken line in
Fig. 14), This 's achieved by connecting ohmic re-
jor 12 and hall wave reeier nf in paralel
(Fig. 19).
‘The magnitude of resistor £2 determines the initial
slope of the curves, The curve of the 7UT92 unit
ia auch that the pickup value fs about 20 % higher at
Fated through-current than at ero through current
cond St of the sated
figite in view of
the dlterental relay tystor.
former current, It it
high setting range of
The 100-Hr wave and the higher harmonics pass
rough the ier folowing wich they are
‘Sifed and fed fo the tecand winding ot the
rnnnng inthe restraining setae. This
Guuree Sebilvabon against spunous. tipping
See inueh currents Gnu stabilzeton)
Fig. 17 shows the trequency characte ofthe
Rush Subiluaton device’ the volage: ofthe
{enening nding of renting ‘aay it
ough To trl ZH of tig HF
‘ohoge ploted versus th trequeney
ida current of curont transiormert
{in addition to the filter, the, stabilizing side of
the meaturing bridge alto shaves in the invush
zation. The interrelationship of these ele-
ments if shown in Fi. 18.
current
Starting inrush
current Response time
10
Rectfior set nt is fea “om filter u, and rections
I and 2 from current Wanstormers to 13 (eee
the overal circuit diagram, Fig. 22)
Assuming that diode 9 is short-circuited, it is
finmediately obvious that’ the “de. currant. it
Ifowing through the inrush stabilizing device. is
independent sf tho total de. current iy of the
Garam sabiksng doce Wrough-eurei, Diode
$9" couples the two tabling. devices A come
menevrate. stabilizing current is supplied From
mi and? on each current invush, The cutrent
rows a and bude phe tres
Votage of the diode. Tha de share ts suppl
Irom teclfier all is cartained in current ie How-
ing at point 0", Brancace off at “I and returns
to’ reelfier aft’ via. the righthand. winding “of
tay D. Diode nt hms te vata ofthe rah
and relay winding. The voltage drop across n?
felveves nf and tus curren transformer tT, Fig 22
The reponse tine of he protective wate isthe
zum ‘ofthe operating nes of measuring Teloy B
dnd switching relay een
Measuring relay D is moderately damped and
has an inversestine charactorse, The associated
felay H has an operating time. of TOs Fig. 20
Eig. 19 shows the voltages at all points of intere
The data in brackets apply when the diode nf is
short-circuited. Let the voltage drop across diode
19 be Up, that across the relay winding be Us,
4nd the forward voltage of the individual diodes
of rectifier ntt be U, then the valtage delivered
by the fiteris
+U-(-Uo- UW) = 20+ U9
with 09 short-circuited
U=Us Uo
19 not short-circuited
+ U=(Ur-Uo-U)
filter by the amount of the
ie 9 tallesog the Ber
At the beginning of the procedure described, the
Inerposing "curfemt wanstormor 1B acts az. a
teactor 9 that initially, the thrashold voltage ot
fovand a is elfective, causing the whale curreat
ito flow vie the right-hand velay winding. This
{akos 8ms and bridges the time delay of Hier v,
but docays quickly a: the dic. current begins to
flow troughs, Rect causes = dc curent
to flow through the secondary winding ot 18,
Keeping the later saturated,
shows the time-ciivent characteristic of the TUT92
unit for the wacious kinds of fault, measuring relay O
being Seat the minimum pickup value of 20°72
(sted current),
To these times ie added the inherent delay of the
external auniliary switch (used for raising. the
‘itching capacity). 1 Fault BE fed trom one side
1) Fal Efe om to
sees 8 83 8 828
o 24 0 Daye
a 28 Thoping ne ft oem ty est TUT th rly Det a 70% ate cant
The inrush stabilization filter renders the TUTS2 Fig. 21 shows the pickup current plotted versus Influence of
Unit frequency-dependent to a certain degree, the feequency for 50 He tated frequency,
Any fluctuations in frequency, however, will not
affect the inrush stabilization effect since the iter The general basic single-line diagram of relay
has @ wider band width dyslem TUT is ven in ig. 22 For bet
In the healthy condition, the i ‘Bagram, nonaten at
becomes noticeable only on exce {nthe lnclvicio} part Glograms.
oe
tons from the rated Mequen
ot hkely to occur n actual practice
1) Fal #7, sting 04 ned carat
1) Fo 3, sting 4 rte erent
6) Fut 8, sing 02 tte eorrent
w
» Lt
i +H |
COCCPP er
é a
ht
Fig. 21 Peep corent pote agua the frequency, rtd frageancy 89H
" 2
Note
The comprehensive cireuit diagram, which contains
also those parts which are not required for the
Basic singleline diagram, Is giued into the cover
of the relay
Legend for single-ine diagram, fig. 22:
tito
Current transformers ofthe stabilizing side
tot
Currant transformers of the tipping side
7
Curcent transformer of the filter
Filer highpass) for blocking the fundamental
Frequey sel the tid harmonic or inane
ata
Rectifiers ofthe stabilizing sido
13, nt
Rectifiers ofthe tipping side
11,140, 07
Resistor rectlier group providing @ bent charac:
frat cave (figs 4 and 18)
2
Resistor providing a flat stert of the characteristic
8
Calibration resistor
D:
Measuring
aa a
ee
T2345
n o ® a
ig. 22 Teantemer diferent protective rly stsem 7UIPD, ati cet diagram 122809 73, bitferential relay systems for transformers having
ng.
Pike 7UT9S unit is identical to the stabiizing
Side ofthe TUT92 unit, The 7UT93 unit incorporates
EXimerposing current transformers 11 to 18 and 4
smote than two outa
ing unit TUT. The
feeders require a stabil
ternal-circult arrangement
reciliers nt 10 94 since in plants with more than
wo. ouigoing feoders each feeder has 10. be
protected individually.
The stabilizing de. current is picked off from
terminals 11 and 12 and passed to the measuring
bridge circuit of the UTS? unit.
runs
Fig. 24 shows the overall circuit diagram of the
Gilierential relay system for a two-winding trans.
former, Since the protective relay system 7UT92
can compare only’ currents of equal magnitude
ation, the system fs equipped with
ing. ansformars AAMT 90-7AA")
Which adapt the magnitude and phase relation of
the seconcary ct currents (at both ends of the
Iraniformers tbe protected) to each other.
The vector group of the matching Wanstormer is
overned by that of the transformer to be pro
BLiEE he Paysical postion of the neutral paints
eh the hen anglers Heng oly alowed io
Gumeat magnitude and hose relation can be
tnatched "othe diferent! protective relay with
Si tandormer and curren wansformiet vector
srour.
Hf short-iteuits occur beyond the protection zone
(of the differential protective relay, short-circuit
Currents pass through the lransformer. To prevent
Gamage fo the translormer inthis case, the pro-
fection. system incorporates back-up protection
which after predetermined time interrupts
