A REVIEW NOTES> Mei Mazasmnitany + TA TRODUCTION, TO_SIGNALS & SYSTEMS »: & Anything that Gavies infomation 7 Q SIGNAL % The study Of Sigmls 15 rmprotant he Many Zasons ® oe 904 Rasen is that boy Undegstanding them We Con moke Swe tut they Go be toanrantited faithfully Without dint ® Leorm & y Undesstanding Stynals © theiv Stauctuee, We Qn discnrer THE Gbouk the “equipment that (s geneoating, Hem % On Engineering, vheve is time Q depends oy the Gnertin Asked. we buon O mC CD FS The adual t=0 fae a ~The time § tne CD fs Ganceaned Houerer we Moy aly Grutdes T=0 3 gh tre. frutant We Stas to flay the co. Thus U7hex =o g 5 depends an the OppliCaiton 2 fs nor absolute 2 - She Conminuys TINE GD_SONEE ; é A sigra) act) 5 Glied a cT Sgro) act) ® defined S} ook went in & Onttnuom TW lttme & fis Gmplftede Bl on aire any dol Number fy & Gatinuawd sang. 5 £9 F 3 &: Speech peed OF ON Oukompbtle Discrete — Time CDT) SIGNAL Ot 6 define only ot disaele Fxtants of tthe atn) = alot) =ach |p yp N=0)2,-- Nill * 1 Sampling Roti > The amplitude a a oT Adal Gn aywume any Value ino Giottnusnys TOG 5 Suimpltrg CT ipo} es br Aigo > Binoy Cadéirg QDT Agra yeas o dititel Mipol that eek well -Krown dip Algna) te Pignal, lads, Wide, O. Gpepuder which hos just 2 level 5 OL BINARY GO Typ STATE Sigh:faa Pgh * sigals Go ke Lepr sided, Right Sided , Gusa, te. Time Limite Lele sidea Riyht-Sided| Quah Tine (zew fh t >to) Clo tety) — (Zempptco) ue — T+ am ——f I + seo % Eneagy Stgrals> {indie eneagy,, C670 power Es _ Sacer at Ca-OAU Heme —Limited a fine amplitude ®) are -stdled ch two Stoled cayirg ord darged Sopot * Powe Signals - Nonzean paren, Pn fuite Cneagy Gh, Peaiedte Pe 1 + J acorat ea AW Peolodic Fe sigold ase Foner “fgnals K Mpwys & hormorfe, Pagpals Oe the. Taovt We Featodic Hgralas An Atalos Tazmaric Moral 5 Peafodec fh Ony Chotce. ONC Oy at sunt ange 4 é! ts Coo,ea)- The peypeny Tong ae deitta i 1 Myo] tas* hen a Sum of Harmonic Abgals Jeti acvragtn 1 GCD Of, the Individual fPCZ Len ches bip= GCD(H4/'W,, ----) ( Lom So the. Thobividel ferbos T= bem(Tb, ---) % Any Stina) Gn be depeesenied by A Crmbitactin Bf haomanics = Mee Gnes ly Parmantes at dliscarte }peqecces Crypen — Gperedit ones ly howrmastes ab all pay eciy Care, a FOE * The discale time hawmmic Cd (Wntp’) Gd é nn eatodlic. Gr be expressed od a rato Of takgexs Oly th bem ai ON > One feziod BL the Sample! Ainwwoid TS Obtained fam ™ fuk wen ce tie Oralng Aénuoid * Tmpuse, (1) Dikac Deuta Function f> otal Nowa Spike With re Tndentie crea Cry. Omit te -foa ory St) =< Seaiteo , Comin, Mg Sch (C1 o tpt On S8Cr)dr= | . > a = ea | a 7 unit a a ° a _ Area wher Unit Smale function is Lunt ot SCALING 27 popty — SGKE) = mis? PRODUCT «ACERS CtH ty) = ACD) SH to) ty teh Fs porpenty a Gotu’, ot te be SIFTIN GC? : cunt aOR J ACHSA-hydt = Act) + Continuasus Srnpulve cdway Beperented by Grea. , whearas Mismeke Ompukse — veprevented oy Amplitude 03)oe eee we). Sth) ere) Cc tS + ate i t y eS | “ an e 1g sin} Dyscoe i — A ty: ae, 3) € i 30) = dca uch = Siende ee tosum z \| Fated Pi Gives | un) = Sad aA _ Man | Sln)= ufn)-uln—1] N-fsd cpeductim tp the Pemplig Oak. Trenton by Act a Ni egpsivoret > Samp inkeweb are Ne “4a qeeue 1 ‘ath the Aosngbigooe g the pagro , Trepouation bit ent othe Way 3 Decimation is tHe fenewse ath Iniesplation edecimatt» ace egphoed, te ts Ovund: J penes > wAdake post 4 Trnporitant xan pO “SINGULARITY juacitms ae te UstE He Ut Sep, One the wut pe , (1) SIFTING ed a Saeostl-wat= edagns beast pL Ping ale HD Cer ot deviate t (ste )e the denivattre of the UunPr ema ach at Pmpubz, i~+ Any PrysiCal devite. ot Computes Ptogrom Gn be Chyiclered as Sister i the applica Hon Ao Aigrol ty te device. B Poxgoom Generates a new Af > System 8 On opera’. Which maps selation bolween L/p EY —> A SYSTEM Teguioes Q Separate okescaiptions Ane fy ttamsqf iis Ganpmnents & exteanal Atauctuse ard the Other th teams of fis enengy level Tnttanal Atote “+ A sysrem*T” fs Linear & % Obeys Palle. 8 SUPERRSTINN © Homosenary t Tfaacn} = aTéaey @ Apdommty « THycnja 24s} = Teacbratyg Me 5 yen=atD gy System uc 2 Yep = aachrs —+ What Makes O Syytem Nowuinear 2 @ nL Gemens & Nezem inttta) Crdtiany © Oricon) Sues + A gem T" 8 Time —InvarinT , if the Chanactenisties of 0 papiem dosot Change wt fe (ad Shope Of te Sedprase depends oy on the Mhape Of the Enput ond not on the tine when tt & applied. ems ot TV Systems + A= acat) Hy = tact), ) = acy ol — Repaerentt a, Aral ace as 0 weighted Ary Of, frmpubsea ¥ fe bonis beh CONVOLUTION , Gepeesenting Q genibalic. Apa Act) asa Uinen Goalie af ho oronnic Atgwals B He bays fe FOURIER SERIS 761 Depeeacaiy Nmnal OCH) 0b A iwetghted Aum G Cmplex Cernig & the ° bows ph ETELT (3)+ system 's Cause, FFs present 9p cleperds ap past Poerent Tyo bak png tne Ip fp cuepenas Oy POM ONE, + Caysarity tS a necomsaay Cadlitiro ph a 3 p be built a the wert web) d Bo spite % of Noy — Guural Systems: ge = agp go = Sart ey = ACt3) —» A system & STATIC FH tte % Ht) depends (ily @ the inMtantanens Valine Ofte Tp acto) eg of Dynan tons + Ct) = ACO yeh = 4. ee) Myc at) pe oF + A STATIC. Systm Ae CAUSAL: reo ( bousoked ~T/p bauroked Gp STABLE» RR GD jauewoquay VOLO atop. pou o> ; a1B0 Jp exces & bounded Yo - oe -y A syxem ont Atable th moy tua out or Sadtranse 3 vera) OCCU feo. Ormprier Peigron > BIB Stostltly © dened ip foes a Zea) Stole oesperes 5 ob fine fe Natura) @2) Z€20 4 Uv > Asymet marginal Solely — Fp Teovponses A C95 OF wtoble ytd ° yeb= Samay “oO Yb = gat tb = tacts> A Sem & Invertisve t distinct 2 ips leads to cléstinc dps. a. System Faduoes an Sine on tha 0 jp) tuo de + tt doepnit howe an fnvease: 4 theaot Tip ys: Of Non —tnverttble systems: ve Jct= ae We= dae Ie = Csgacty * * eed SS ystems ax the Susy q Staled € NL OTEDT sil Gx be mepnesen’ Sheed unt imple a atnj= satestnk) | C= facmsceaat em foyal BLthe SUH Sq Sad | and Ski shied Wy wat ingles _ tes = + ae + aa Q —> hf) EWCH coe _ impulse nespive In he the Op fan OTT Syyan then the Sp i & Wit ingubsc@en@nsi > The AAPOR q an LIT Ayviem to On Qn ANbitaea, 5 the Aum a ts | ACaled Eshife impale von ar ate) CTL pena Lah, aul’) xl) aA A i wel hey fp “pe! 6 a? rire * = Cnloluttn LD SMET 4la)= > alk nie) 4b = famplévoar Me eo | _ IP 4am 4 Integenpe BMT Iecy > oe trols ibe anea under, the pooduct we Af oy pgs ensinn of - +—e Ginyeluttin wth an fmpdse int Ponduces a Copy | the Aijpal Holed & Aniped ty the slae & lotationn of the timpul Alm} Sln—m) = Afn-m) ARSC) = AGH) —+ Deconvorurion the provers of eCoverrrg tre Up voten geren the Op Of & Sypreen St the Envease Fa cook * Ponpesites of Convertir Nanarimbamm L@ganil: com « Dagukin of Yp = Sw Af te dusatis Of 2c 2h) y= T+Th Anea ok yo an the pomdlich of the amieus ach 2hed) . a yeh) = a tohere mEN PL port “hy ° ak Nt-p) = ye ap 2 Saks A htt) = wat (ott) yet = acta he) Usedut Coovelution nesuls ¢ : “ws @ ucesuct = ae= tue) Ty = Z @ Suxeuctr= tei | = — : VS iG ce ® ehaxuen= CH daly ) ees Oma 6 oe“65 0 op ft =o [O05 | | * Med ECHL) R Deck) soph, oth = bit) (ai Thay 4 & Ulnjeuh) = Car+Dulh) - Orpubse Response af N. QnleyGnmeckd TL. Systems Qn Castode ! Gnielve tte finpiy. serge heCt = etenees ~ = AED hobs) = hype) == = BE Oy Prvablel: Add the timp Tres foe “ hott = hyftt tht? + ~~ tb hp inp hyln) +hbn+ _— byl) > Papeatten Of OF: Sens Consol = Stable = keb= 0; t Nov@usad & wustable &—> Convdlukin of 2 Signals, one usavich fs Peattolec, fs alyo Festodic and has the Agume sled oh the Yp ‘ + The ee two or St ob tab rs w iby ples two a a pigal soy, exis =~ Me OL an UTI. eB DT apsters, os nt ahs has O Hate Ho . m hs Tone. ht Soy wary NZD (en@anCad Not apn. - re ae ve [ 7“ weles te ve tant Ae b> pnebicr & Grp the op "ped fy any oho. % sade ryeN0R my 5 Almplon, Nt tres less rmeroay © Fes a otis me mre ffexrbe oe Qnvolubim . The D'E te NeL(BUTY- Sytem, (heres Gn be eovily mpd el to dercaibe gris wi be SS geuznutt in wang the Comnoludim A, the Fp & untt Skip function , inenthe 14 Glled uathskep up denoted SCL) @Sln) Berne bead. Tre StH =U XD mUlh)ehln) y n sce hind Shi= = bik) a hih= 4s hin) = gn) -stt-t g — The Te 4g bee sym Gn tes 0 SAY 3 es fae smd = (i cy) Set-TDd? 2 as tnopulre eS g 8 he 1)FOURIER SERIES ML. NaRAsinoAn + The FS. descatbes 0 Peatedic si ACH Os a sum (litera Ginbaien) oF hovmentes (ch Sinwotds) a the Tender forquery “vip hast apa fs mules Ny: 7 The Faequendy Cimient of Pediodic Afgral Gan ke aepoexentel Ig G. discaese Set Of nurmbeas( FS Chegffectonts) They prrovile the wetghts of the nome pred Afnusaiols tat Gn he Wed to seomwtuct the Agral — Tio Segal 20H 22, Cb) ze ocdeonne Sacontidt=0 Forms OF THE FOURIER SRI } TRigonomerric. FS Gmplex BS (TFS) (a) Ri phase Batbi= Gr Zapcsnant Aplt= ae 4a ty d= BGe mw +b Sin nage +\ (apthat y= G00 Aa oe °, Hele ops mae Ge oe = 7 ations 7 7 ut t= Tabatha” =e by = 2 Sys i GC: a ct re 2ReECH | — Ben Smmetat uot yn = -2.9m8G9 > do) Symmeknic funotiasefn* (nyEYeck of Sprmerny on FS: Coefysatais- D Maney escrietion —-Cpiriay Che GCap Phase — Remarks OF - =Qy22 Fen = kt acy te wal) oT Nee ® = Hey =O Shug op Haenoic, ACE? Qy=0 (=o pad oe pee te Beer pi VEN ° ; HARMONIC - ° Ct 4) Talis Gy=opprodds ca 4 . q 4 1Cnl = 1enk L&=-LEn 7 — Pospidic Spal howe di&caek le Zphare Speotous TES Spectaum 13 dye-—Sthed loheneos Ce Speciale ts th ed. —> The two - stled magnMnde Spectouxo f CHD Symmetat @ phase Seectoun ¥ adsl Symmetatc - * The Cuergerce vale £ GIBBS Check The FS Ch Of 0 Peatoate. Af deCay cafth the hasimpye thdex “NOS I/yk - A “a” Tmplies ye Ccagerce ; funy tems. h a tmpGie] Aeaes jp °F"? Com. 24 Aroontier Maral The ¥ the Tale ad WNTh the Gelpnterts deCay , he Les the Enact the highes Marumts howe On the ae stein. fs te Doaber Of. hazram'es(r) No , He OierShst Nagcows fia. Spikes, but fs magntide Semaine Cynvtont at Abo 7% of the Magnttole W the Acaniy =) GIBBS Check (15The Giees eee & Poctent Jor SBrals witn jusnps | loins G decay a> 2 a Sone. | 2A obsont fb STproly ufth ro Jumps f uhse Cy decoy os Yi (6) Janer The. following 4%. tluustandes tre 6188S affect fe @ Sawtetth — Airal @ Soto Tea,n-2) \ Cb) Samat T=3,n=5] Cc) Squtorty \ 6 q 4 3 | 09 : By | 3 5 | a4 2 0° E 0~ 6: | ° a oy os OOS 1 ys 3 oF OL Tene CH), fees OO OE Teak 8S FOF sed > BD Aue /elimi tn the 2G nvtouckim , We Must We tapered (i eles Bach a, Rarnning, ferion, Black mam = Dieicucer Conulitims | Convergence oF Fs] fp portodic Ayal ace Wil pave” a iptype FS-if ex 2 Raid 1) act t absolutely Pniepensle te, Slacldt the FS us p CValuo® the SSR Gn LTT spsem, ete a peatdic Ip The Seypuse of on LTT. Se dine to toe Ip ace = 3° Ga os yas = SGM ye © AE £5 Of be “ea toy Wheoe the Yen yuncibn B Hlw) Cvaluared OF W= Mh and a frie 13)ces AG) = acts) nla yy 27 acy = EGO be D4 meee Catt Saceie ity 0 PROPERTY = S10 Linearity A ( CONTUB ATION OT rme— Scauing 6 MULTIPLICATION @ DIFFERENTIATION/ Dirreeence BLINTESRATON A rnaro (hour G @EVEN 000 Décoresir ( Parsevaus ReLaTion a Q co eam Conta, | | Continuous Fauoien Seaies | CFS: 4c —+Cn wth Dealt) —»dn_| Peabd=T Ancor Bach "1 —+ AtptBdh Alt) —» errb, t ace Oy Xt — C;" Alo) hyo hth at THe 56) 20 AH %e ae ht ace —[inayin ELG=0 Wp Gio sare eg, “NaesPdts 1c)” (1g) n=“ RES [Discek Founien Seok} aln)= afntn) * Rn)= KE Ku? Pp MK (y= 27 0 N NI —Ficey Dre | F ane Chosen INE DES ahi & Al) ode Aaln)+ Bato) AG Bd Abn eG, dnuym AainjG Gem bi [ebay ln) — e ALD ign a. matte feated = mN > Ce fy 10-185 alh)—aln-1) (1 - NG 4 [k) a a2 jue ExEalin}—» Ref} GEA n) jw] OmEG 3 betasFOURIER “TRANSFOR, ML NARAS UMM a) + FAT ponovides 0 friequendy —dlmnath descatptton & ts extensiiny OL FS tv apeniadic Aigrals- eu = famnalie — XC) = fare + w) = | act = \ad) er ghee, = Lane d= a6) ‘ eed + jangt, TFT ay ea funda ate) = fxwe a Fgh BT 1 XCA=TCH npaot Relation between Wo” and ~$"— phim wear ad —amaw)=sC) Sy] o> Shir Of @ Signal by ty Changes cry Ts, pose. Speck ly addig —anitte to the phases chesn’t Change Magnitode Speck > Diyerentatig a Aire! SGles # magettde by odds GP to tS Phare + Qivetution tn te domain Covzesspords tore xX) ; st GQ) =Aw pT ies: CATE oe fl«Com stmbomml ORO Litpliation in othen. domain 5) é +o \ joo a ENTRAL * _ ale orpinares UO { xcrae = [Xtand ~ 2 ote XO) = } aterde me) > Gamptrensfin In time Grnerpordls b Vicevoun GH act TS Teoh « XCw) B ebways Grjaigade Sywmetaic : * [xu| = Ix¢-w>} SE veo Eysacts} eked) © Xn = = /XCw) =) Edd GalZaces jew Onpresh (15) Experian fn pregienyPeorerTY 6 Definition gp Ohene FT g Teme —Shifttng Fae — Shift © Conjugate O Time -SGerg QOrmvolutton fo time 8 ee fp g bi ent taki / ence. 0) IDE ® ane @OnkgRHO @ Foaseagl 1 Slacotat = 55 dh San, S| [ly CTPT DPF. aty ++ XQ) ” yt) ALN > Xone f Rep Sede xcs 52 ane ace = ah f ened aig) ede ACt— 4») — ae) tat «Biss acne —r xtu-n) aid axe akc) —> X*Cw) a hye x*(e) A Cott)&—> uX(&) 4 aM) dale ache) + Xinnw) av ene eerie et 1 cay) 40) (nu Ee be es dace aln) abel, ace +> juXew a+ (exe) cheer trata ene) ah + AAT s' atk) “a oO > Co rectly J jes Cc = bela faa riesBasie FT. fairs CTT Standarg Atgpads 0 etice g £e80570 | : ayo » Chew +> = Re Fas 70 Qa jw 3) SH ee | 4) | 4 aQTstw) 5) Anect (t7r) +t, cose Bigger stoat ae Th, oO On w —) Ste bb) <—+ aie Just 8) el es Slut) UC) ee gL H i +T18Cw) o) Fei ee Re a}>0 Castine” wo ttt at, | amt 4 a Gal n Reva 70 ue a7) DTT of Atasdanel rel \ auth) + |, -aale lal<} lh} — | | ¢—+ Qn Fs ewan) Ka-0 | “ttety er wbirz)) = ni nw, be Shu Sesinc (We) f) PR ee Stomp) «+ et’ Jean ce Coe OT 25-2) +00 Un) <—* \ SW-anrk gat Eee as (yeaah) <—+ | _. lalc) Coa) (M+n-1)! DOH 0) din) ja | las! Contitued «+ ««. . x 12) Giiyteo { Stw-u») + Scan] Signe TT F(Sco-wy-ank) Kee + S(utwyrsnk)] 13) Stuy new Tt SY ) Stuy a [ Su-48) Sung] Sing TS (SQuw,-ank) Jw —SCw+ty-2mK)] Dy. 20h dust eo N=] 4 fede & Coo + AM ECoLo-m4) Zee Pm ZQsoH) Axo N= att ttteeeatts e = a oe .. oF 7 TOT ara t “Wn Wp 2b nh; Eyal, B) -altt In) as ot os 20 an! es Io Owe lai CGuitant Rectang <> Sine (Sa. Tearfongli<— Sine’ 7 arongl ine hy Sal Tnggnl 9 4 fg whe. tora Enoln ma > Spun ® Duauty @ Simeaairy thesem of Ginttnuows FT 1S Bchy<4X(w) they XC) > aTa-w) = Sint as 24 | il FSi 7 Jos ts) Tet ~ Sgn)> Mckay ts Wed to Shift the Af Agetia GF OL alt Odio tations dece tn bowdGet avdid Algrals Araulonency, the Be ul not be able tv Aepesnle them. Ths papblem fs Sobved by Wty rmpdulosion , iene iy ch sodd Motion 1 ani gnel a. datfnct Garnier fReypeng. Bach Btazion ctrnnunits Q modulltey 2ipral THs pootalune Anis” tre Ay Efectouum to (ts allaGied band, wich 5 Tot OCCapiCd ores ‘tation . A vadkto Re Gan Plok UP OY Molin by tuneey © aoe Tneat_fflueas Shown below ane wnwtole beGure thein tmpube Deypore Clitih Grrtains @ Sine functien) tS not ea The ingirite extent a the Stn im Bakes them - Tountating the tin TR SPOTL. to Enfinble Sptktes a the band cages, Pomduoes orershatk 2 obcellodtans: + Sdeol filers ax physically Lunaenbtaable o Hf Hye® Hoe? ee fate oln. wo “hos f ET F > Sf $ > Width of f heh trdiates the Hine Cavtonk fe, boo pull ne apten 8 Gapatle of. expdey tp an Yp ° FILTER USES LPF Noise 2emovca ,Tnieagulodtm, date Sresttig HEE 1 avtry D-CODLF Dott , ge clehectim ch erhascement Ber Tuning ento ane Judi Atations / audi gonphit. equalises NotOh Demoring Noise @ba particu peprsona Some Packt) [EU examples Type Typicad Po fzem Typlat HG) Comments Butteswdth TY t Pola lee ue a | oe mx - SS fod files Chebyshev Eliott) \ porte haruitin - 7° Bape EE ete * (20) te Bulg :