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Physics I Class 09: Work and Kinetic Energy

This document discusses work, kinetic energy, and the work-kinetic energy theorem in physics. It begins by deriving an equation for kinetic energy using Newton's second law for constant force. It then defines work as the dot product of force and displacement. For constant force, work is equal to force times displacement times the cosine of the angle between them. For variable force, work is defined by an integral. The work-kinetic energy theorem states that the net work on an object is equal to its change in kinetic energy. The document provides examples and problems to illustrate these concepts.

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Kevin Lyman
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73 views11 pages

Physics I Class 09: Work and Kinetic Energy

This document discusses work, kinetic energy, and the work-kinetic energy theorem in physics. It begins by deriving an equation for kinetic energy using Newton's second law for constant force. It then defines work as the dot product of force and displacement. For constant force, work is equal to force times displacement times the cosine of the angle between them. For variable force, work is defined by an integral. The work-kinetic energy theorem states that the net work on an object is equal to its change in kinetic energy. The document provides examples and problems to illustrate these concepts.

Uploaded by

Kevin Lyman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Physics I

Class 09

Work and Kinetic Energy

08-1

Work and Kinetic Energy


Starting from Newtons Second Law in one dimension we can
integrate to discover a new principle of physics. Lets study
the special case of a constant force,

F
a ax x
m

Since F and a are constants, we know that


vx2 2a( x x0 )
F
vx2 2 x ( x x0 )
m
1 2
mvx Fx ( x x0 )
2
08-2

Work and Kinetic Energy


Using vectors to do all three dimensions,

1 2
mv Fx ( x x0 ) Fy ( y y0 ) Fz ( z z0 ) F d
2
1
1
kinetic energy mv 2 m(vx2 v 2y vz2 )
2
2

work W F d

08-3

Work for Constant Force


W F d

W F d cos( )

08-4

Review: Dot Product


F

If you know lengths and angle:


W F d cos( )

If in opposite directions:

W Fx d x Fy d y Fz d z

WF d

W F d

If at right angles:

W 0

If you know components:


If in the same direction:

08-5

Work for Variable Force (1-D)

W F ( x )dx
xf
xi

This is easy to calculate when you know F(x). Also, notice that
time does not appear anywhere!
All of the integrals we need are tabulated in your math text.
08-6

Work-Kinetic Energy Theorem


Net work is done on an object by the net force:
xf
W
F dx
net net
xi
Kinetic energy defined for an object:

1
1
K m v 2 m v 2 v 2 v 2
y
z
2
2 x
Work-Kinetic Energy Theorem:

W
K K
net
f
i
08-7

Take-Away Concepts
1.

Work increases or decreases kinetic energy.



W F d F d cos( ) (constant force)
xf

F dx

(variable force, 1D)

xi

2.

Vector dot product.

3.

Kinetic Energy:

4.

Work-Kinetic Energy Theorem:

2
K 12 m v 12 m vx 2 v y 2 vz 2
K f K i Wnet

08-8

Problem of the Day


1.__ Two bodies of unequal mass, placed at rest on a frictionless surface, are acted on
by equal horizontal forces over equal distances. As each mass crosses the finish
line (not necessarily at the same time), the body of greater mass will have: (pick 2
answers)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
F)

Smaller kinetic energy than the lesser body.


The same kinetic energy as the lesser body.
Greater kinetic energy than the lesser body.
Smaller magnitude of velocity than the lesser body.
The same magnitude of velocity as the lesser body.
Greater magnitude of velocity than the lesser body.

08-9

Activity
Objective of the Activity:
1.

Use LoggerPro to study the Work-Kinetic Energy


Theorem for a one-dimensional case.

08-10

Optional Material
Work-K.E. Theorem Proof
xf

Wnet

xf

xf

xf

dv
Fnet dx m a dx m a dx m
dx
dt
xi
xi
xi
xi

Now we work on the integrand using calculus rules:

dv dv dx dv
dv 1 d 2
v

vv

dt dx dt dx
dx 2dx
Putting that back into the integral:
xf

Wnet

1
d 2
1
2
2
v dx m v f vi K f K i
m
2 xi d x
2
08-11

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