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Performance Metrics: - Bandwidth (Throughput) - Latency (Delay) - Bandwidth

This document discusses computer network performance metrics such as bandwidth, latency, and throughput. It defines bandwidth as the number of bits transmitted per second and latency as the time it takes for a message to travel from one end of the network to another. Latency is affected by propagation delay, transmission time, and queueing delays. The document also introduces the concept of networks as pipes, where the pipe holds data during the latency period. It provides examples to illustrate how bandwidth and latency impact throughput, which is defined as the transfer size divided by the transfer time.

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57 views

Performance Metrics: - Bandwidth (Throughput) - Latency (Delay) - Bandwidth

This document discusses computer network performance metrics such as bandwidth, latency, and throughput. It defines bandwidth as the number of bits transmitted per second and latency as the time it takes for a message to travel from one end of the network to another. Latency is affected by propagation delay, transmission time, and queueing delays. The document also introduces the concept of networks as pipes, where the pipe holds data during the latency period. It provides examples to illustrate how bandwidth and latency impact throughput, which is defined as the transfer size divided by the transfer time.

Uploaded by

23wings
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Networks Prof.

Hema A Murthy

Performance Metrics
• bandwidth (throughput)
• latency (delay)
• Bandwidth –
– single physical link
– logical process to channel
• Definition of bandwidth: Number of bits
transmitted/second

Indian Institute of Technology Madras


Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

Width of Bit and Bandwidth

1 sec
Each bit – 1 μ s wide

1 sec
Each bit – 0.5 μ s wide
⇒ Large Bandwidth
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

Performance Metrics
• Latency: How long a message takes to
travel from one end of the network to
another
• .Speed of light
• propagation delay

• vacuum cable fiber


3×108 m/sec 2.3×108 m/sec 2.0 ×108 m/sec
•

Indian Institute of Technology Madras


Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

Performance Metrics
• Amount of time to transmit a unit of data
– Network Bandwidth
– Size of Packet
• Queuing delays
• (storing and forwarding at switches)
• Latency = propagation delay + transmit time +
queue
• Propagation delay = distance / speed of light
• Bandwidth + latency = performance
characteristics of a network

Indian Institute of Technology Madras


Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

Performance Characteristics
• channel could be 1 Mbps / 100 Mbps
• Application behave different
– across the continent
– across the room
• Round trip time:
– 1 Mbps - 100ms
– 100 Mbps - 1ms

Indian Institute of Technology Madras


Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

Performance Characteristics
• Example:
– Channel Capacity: 1x10 Mbps
– Datalength: 10 bits
– Transmit time = 10 microseconds
– Channel = 100 Mbps bits / sec
– Transmit time = 0.010 microseconds

Indian Institute of Technology Madras


Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

Performance Characteristics
• RTT = 100 ms, 1 ms
• Latency = 100+10 × 10-3
• = 100.010 ms
• Latency = 1+10× 10-3
• = 1.001 ms
– Latency dominated by RTT.

Indian Institute of Technology Madras


Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

Performance Metrics
• Large files
– Image of size 25x106x8 bits
– Channel Capacity 10x106 bits/s
– Time taken to transmit image 20 s
– Suppose RTT = 1 ms
• Latency = 20.001 sec
– Suppose RTT = 100 ms
• Latency = 20.1 sec
– Bandwidth dominates latency
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

Performance Metrics
• Large Latency
– Example: CPU = 200x106 instructions/s
– Latency 100ms, for 5000 miles
200 ×106 -1
? - 0.1
200 ×106 × 0.1 = 20 ×106 instr / sec
1
⇒ 20 ×106
= 4000 instr /mile
5×103

Indian Institute of Technology Madras


Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

Performance Metrics
• 4000 instr / mile is lost
– Is it worth going across network?
– Bandwidth wasted
– Solution
• Treat the channel as pipe

Indian Institute of Technology Madras


Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

Network as Pipe
• The pipe holds data
delay

BW

Indian Institute of Technology Madras


Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

Network as a Pipe
• Example
– Latency - 50 ms
– BW - 50 Mbps
• Pipe can hold
– 50×10-3×50×106 bits of data
– Bandwidth wasted if sender does not fill the
pipe

Indian Institute of Technology Madras


Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

Throughput
• Throughput:
– Transfer Size / Transfer Time
• Transfer Time
– RTT + (Transfer Size / BW)
• If RTT large, increase in BW does not
reduce transfer time

Indian Institute of Technology Madras


Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

Throughput
• Example:
– Latency: 100ms
– Channel Capacity: 1 Mbps, 1 Gbps
– Data: 10 MB
– On 1 Mbps channel
• Time taken = 80.1s
– On 1 Gbps channel
• Time taken = 0.180s

Indian Institute of Technology Madras


Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

Throughput
• Throughput for 1 Mbps channel
– 80/80.1 Mbps = 99.87 Mbps Î very efficient
Æ reaches channel capacity
• Throughput for 1 Gbps channel
– 80/0.180 Mbps =444.4 Mbps Î very
inefficient Æ very low compared to channel
capacity

Indian Institute of Technology Madras


Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

Throughput

• Stream of packets – 1 Mbps channel

1 Mbps
src dest
1 Mb
1 Mb

1 Mb

1 Mb

Indian Institute of Technology Madras


Computer Networks Prof. Hema A Murthy

Throughput
• Single packet - 1 Gbps channel

1 Gbps
src dest
80 MB

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

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