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Thapar University, Patiala: Tutorial Sheet-10

This document contains tutorial problems related to antenna theory and wave propagation. It includes problems on calculating the radiation resistance of a half-wavelength dipole, analyzing the effects of element factor and space factor on a finite length dipole, deriving expressions for array factors and beam patterns of arrays of isotropic sources and dipoles with different source amplitudes, phases and spacings. Specifically, it asks the student to find array factors, beamwidths, nulls, sidelobe levels and directivity for different linear arrays with isotropic elements or dipoles spaced at intervals of λ/2 or λ/4.

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Somil Gupta
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38 views

Thapar University, Patiala: Tutorial Sheet-10

This document contains tutorial problems related to antenna theory and wave propagation. It includes problems on calculating the radiation resistance of a half-wavelength dipole, analyzing the effects of element factor and space factor on a finite length dipole, deriving expressions for array factors and beam patterns of arrays of isotropic sources and dipoles with different source amplitudes, phases and spacings. Specifically, it asks the student to find array factors, beamwidths, nulls, sidelobe levels and directivity for different linear arrays with isotropic elements or dipoles spaced at intervals of λ/2 or λ/4.

Uploaded by

Somil Gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THAPAR UNIVERSITY, PATIALA

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGGNEERING DEPARTMENT


UEC-601 (Antenna Theory and Wave Propagation)

ECE (VIth Sem)

Tutorial Sheet-10
1.
2.
3.

Show that the radiation resistance of a half-wavelength dipole is appx. 72 ohms.


Outline the significance of element factor and space factor for finite length dipole.
Three isotropic sources, with spacing d between them, are placed along the z-axis. The
excitation coefficient of each outside element is unity while that of the center element is 2.
For a spacing of d = /4 between the elements, find the
(a) array factor
(b) angles (in degrees) where the nulls of the pattern occur (0 180 )
(c) angles (in degrees) where the maxima of the pattern occur (0 180 )

A three-element array of isotropic sources has the phase and magnitude relationships shown
figure 1. The spacing between the elements is d = /2.
(a) Find the array factor.
(b) Find all the nulls.
Two very short dipoles (infinitesimal) of equal length are equidistant from the origin with
their centers lying on the y-axis, and oriented parallel to the z-axis. They are excited with
currents of equal amplitude. The current in dipole 1 (at y = d/2) leads the current in dipole
2 (at y = +d/2) by 90 inphase. The spacing between dipoles is one quarter wavelength. To
simplify the notation, let E0 equal the maximum magnitude of the far field at distance r due
to either source alone.
Derive expressions for the following six principal-plane patterns:
1. |E ()| for = 0
4. |E()| for = 0
2. |E ()| for = 90
3. |E()| for = 90

5. |E()| for = 90
6. |E()| for = 90

An array of 10 isotropic elements are placed along the z-axis a distance d apart. Assuming
uniform distribution, find the progressive phase (in degrees), half-power beamwidth
(indegrees), first-null beamwidth (indegrees), first side lobe level maximum beamwidth
(indegrees), relative side lobe level maximum (in dB), and directivity (in dB).
(a) broadside
(b) ordinary end-fire
Four isotropic sources are placed along the z-axis as shown figure 2. Assuming that the
amplitudes of elements #1 and #2 are +1 and the amplitudes of elements #3 and #4 are 1
(or 180 degrees out of phase with #1 and #2), find
(a) the array factor in simplified form
(b) all the nulls when d = /2

Figure 1

Figure 2

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