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Introduction To Microprocessors and Microcomputers

This document provides an introduction to microprocessors and microcomputers. It discusses what a microcomputer system is with block diagrams showing the components. It defines what a microprocessor is and lists some key criteria. It also describes the different types of microprocessors including application and instruction complexity. The document outlines the difference between mainframes, mini, and microcomputers in terms of capacity and performance. It then discusses the history and evolution of Intel's microprocessors from the 4004 in 1971 to the Pentium II in 1997.

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KarimovaRaikhanovna
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7 views

Introduction To Microprocessors and Microcomputers

This document provides an introduction to microprocessors and microcomputers. It discusses what a microcomputer system is with block diagrams showing the components. It defines what a microprocessor is and lists some key criteria. It also describes the different types of microprocessors including application and instruction complexity. The document outlines the difference between mainframes, mini, and microcomputers in terms of capacity and performance. It then discusses the history and evolution of Intel's microprocessors from the 4004 in 1971 to the Pentium II in 1997.

Uploaded by

KarimovaRaikhanovna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Microprocessors and

Microcomputers

What is a microcomputer system?


Block diagram of a digital computer

Block diagram of a microcomputer system

Memory
Input

CPU

Output

Memory
Input

Microprocessor

Output

What is a microprocessor?
Criteria

number of chips
data path
address space
CPU performance
Price

Types of micrprocessor
Application
Reprogrammable microprocessors
embedded microprocessors and microcontrollers

Instruction complexity
CISC
RISC

Classes of Computers
What is the difference between main, mini, and micro?
The capacity and performance of the electronics used to implemet their
building blocks and the resulting overall system capacity and performance.

CPU performance

MIPS

1
circuit switch time levels of logic package delays clock cycles per instruction

Tech Driven

Machine
Organization

Microprocessor Architecture
different from the architectures of large main frames? Why?
One or a few VLSI chips
VLSI environments
density per chip
die size ---- yield
feature size --- 1.0 micron, 0.3 micron

I/O pad
chip cost
power consumption
propagation delay

The History of Intels Microprocessors


Intel 4004
1971, 4-bit

Intel 8008
1972, 8-bit
Originally designed for Datapoint Corp. as a CRT display controller

Intel 8080
1974, April - Altair 8800, 1975, MITS( 256 bytes of Mem, $395)
Apple II -- Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak 1976, Apple
Bill Gates and a fellow student : BASIC, 1975 --> Microsoft

Intel 8086/8088
1978, 16 bit: 8088, 1979, 8-bit external bus
IBM PC ; 1981
29,000 Trs

The History of Intels Microprocessors


Intel 80286

1982, 16-bit architecture


24-bit addressing, memory protection and virtual memory
16 MB of physical MEM and 1 GB of virtual mem
130,000 Trs onto a single chip
IBM PC/AT in 1984, IBM PS/2 Model 50 and 60

Intel 80386

1985, 32 bits
3~5 MIPS (7 MIPS on the 25 MHz chip)
memory paging and enhanced I/O permission features
4GB programming model

Intel 80486
1989 Spring COMDEX show -> 1990 June : actual release
1,200,000 Trs

The History of Intels Microprocessors


386+387+8K data and instruction cache, paging and MMU

Pentium

1993
110 MIPS on 66 Mhz Chip
16 KB on-chip cache and 64 bit data bus
superscalar technology (two instructions/clock)
3.1 million transistors

Pentium Pro

1995, Superscalar(three-way issue)


5.5 million Trs in the CPU core + 15.5 million Trs in the secondary cache
8K data, 8K instr cache
256 KB SRAM secondary cache
200 SPECint92 at 133 MHz
2.9 V, 0.6 micron BICMOS

The History of Intels Microprocessors


Pentium II

Pentium Pro + MMX, 1997


233, 266, upto 450 MHz
7.5 million Trs in CPU
512KB in secondary cache

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