Isabel Krull

April 19, 2015

SOURCE ONE:
Citation: "The Social Structure of Honey Bees." Hymenoptera. N.p., 15 Feb. 2013. Web. 20 Apr.
2015.
Summary: This article discusses the societal classes of honeybees, such as the relationship
between the queen and worker bees. The author also explains how societal structures are formed
in a honeybee hive.
Queen: single, lifespan of up to 7 years, in mating season (spring and summer)
she can lay up to 1, 500 eggs.
Queen: mates with drones (who die after mating) and stores their sperm in her
spermatheca.
Worker Bees: the queens fertilized eggs, female, perform outside of hive by
collecting food, caring for larvae, and guarding the hive.
If the hive doesnt have a queen, worker bees have the ability to mate
Drones: unfertilized eggs, larger than other bees, male, eats more than worker
bees but dont gather their own food.
Drones: if food is scarce, drones are thrown out of the hive unless the hive doesnt
have a queen
Evaluation A: Interesting information I found in this article was about drones. Before reading
this, I didnt know that drones ate more than the worker bees, and I didnt know that they lacked
bee anatomy that a typical honeybee has. (drones contain no stinger, pollen basket, or wax
glands, and thus their main purpose within a colony is to reproduce with the queen bee.)
Evaluation D: Since I am doing a magazine template for the societal structure, I am going to
have a Sexiest Man Alive page for the drones. Since the drones sole purpose is to mate with
the queen, they can be portrayed as the societal class with good looks. The beefcakes of the
hive.
Evidence: Bees born from unfertilized eggs mature into drones. They tend to eat more than
workers and do not usually gather food of their own. They tend to be thrown out of the hive if
food is scarce, though not if the hive lacks a queen.
Evidence: The most powerful bee in the hive is the queen, as pictured above. There is only one
queen in a hive, and she can live for several years. During the spring and summer when the
queen bee is ready to mate, she can lay up to 1,500 eggs in a day.
SOURCE TWO
Ciation: "The Colony and Its Organization." MAAREC Mid Atlantic Apiculture Research
Extension Consortium RSS. N.p., 10 May 2010. Web. 20 Apr. 2015.

Summary: The article describes each type of bee physically, and explains in depth their roles in
the hive. The article also discusses egg/larvae patterns in the hive, and the care and time frames
that go into them.
several thousand worker bees in a hive
single queen
several hundred drones
produces pheromones
Bee development: all three types of honeybees go through three stages before
becoming an adult: egg, larvae, pupa (collectively labeled brood)
egg: normally laid one per cell by the queen. Each egg is attached to the cell
bottom and looks like a tiny grain of rice. When first laid, the egg stands straight up on
end. However, during the 3-day development period the egg begins to bend over. On the
third day, the egg hatches into a tiny grub and the larval stage begins.
larvae: Healthy larvae are pearly white in color with a shiny appearance. They are
curled in a C shape on the bottom of the cell. Worker, queen, and drone cells are
capped after larvae are approximately 5 , 6, and 6 days old, respectively. During the
larval stage, they are fed by adult worker (nurse) bees while still inside their beeswax
cells. The period just after the cell is capped is called the prepupal stage. During this
stage the larva is still grub-like in appearance but stretches itself out lengthwise in the cell
and spins a thin silken cocoon. Larvae remain pearly white, plump, and glistening during
the prepupal stage.
pupae: Within the individual cells capped with a beeswax cover provided by adult
worker bees, the prepupae begin to change from their larval form to adult bees Healthy
pupae remain white and glistening during the initial stages of development, even though
their bodies begin to take on adult forms. Compound eyes are the first feature begin to
take on color; changing from white to brownish-purple. Soon after this, the rest of the
body begins to take on the color of an adult bee. New workers, queens, and drones
emerge approximately 12, 7 , and 14 days, respectively, after their cells are capped.
Evaluation A: New information I have taken away from this article is about the stages of eggs to
adult bees, the physical they take on, and who cares for the immature adults in the baby phase.
Evaluation D: After learning about the life phases, I can include a page on newborn babies, to
toddlers to teenager each taking on a new characteristic. For example, when the eye color
changes, it could be that the teenagers are starting to use make up.
Evidence: Drones have no stinger, pollen baskets, or wax glands. Their main function is to
fertilize the virgin queen during her mating flight. Drones become sexually mature about a week
after emerging and die instantly upon mating. -MAAREC Article
Evidence: Compound eyes are the first feature begin to take on color; changing from white to
brownish-purple. Soon after this, the rest of the body begins to take on the color of an adult bee.

New workers, queens, and drones emerge approximately 12, 7 , and 14 days, respectively,
after their cells are capped. -MAAREC Article

SOURCE THREE
Citation: Reichert, Tal. "How Do Bees Choose Their Queen?" The Huffington Post.
TheHuffingtonPost.com, n.d. Web. 21 Apr. 2015.
Summary: In this article, the author explains how a queen is chosen in the hive, how a queen is
replaced, and the situations in which case a queen would have to be replaced, or another one
would have to be raised.
When the hive feels their existing queen is getting old/failing, and they want to
supersede her with a new queen.
When the queen has gone missing - died, wandered off the hive, whatever - but
she's not in the hive.
The bees "decide" to swarm, i.e. take one hive and split it into two.
how the hive chooses: they choose female cells at random and place them in
bigger cells. These female larvae are fed richer food than the worker larvae (to be specific
- in the first three days of their lives, worker larvae and queen larvae are both fed the rich
royal jelly, but only queen larvae are kept on it, allowing them to mature faster and
become queens). The cells are then capped, the larvae create pupae and transforms into
queens.
how is there only one? The first virgin queen to emerge communicates with the
other ones through piping - they create vibrations in the comb. The roaming virgin queen
creates a sound called "tooting," its sisters answer it with "quacking." The free-roaming
queen then goes cell-by-cell and kills them all, remaining the single queen. **race to the
finish
Evaluation A:
Evaluation B:
Evidence: The first virgin queen to emerge communicates with the other ones through piping they create vibrations in the comb. The roaming virgin queen creates a sound called "tooting," its
sisters answer it with "quacking." The free-roaming queen then goes cell-by-cell and kills them
all.
Evidence: If the old queen was just getting too old for all of this, the new queen and/or the
workers may decide to kill her.
Evidence: They choose female eggs (apparently at random) and relocate them into bigger cells
("queen cells"). These female larvae are fed richer food than the worker larvae (to be specific - in
the first three days of their lives, worker larvae and queen larvae are both fed the rich royal jelly,

but only queen larvae are kept on it, allowing them to mature faster and become queens). The
cells are then capped, the larvae create pupae and trans