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The document summarizes the independence movements in various Latin American countries from European rule in the early 19th century. It discusses how Haiti gained independence through the leadership of Toussaint L'Ouverture and Jean-Jacques Dessalines, making it the first black colony to do so. In Peru, Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín led the movement for independence through military campaigns. Agustín de Iturbide eventually declared Mexico's independence in 1820 and crowned himself Emperor, though his government did not last. Brazil's independence differed in that it occurred without violence through a petition to choose a new leader.

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60 views3 pages

Latin

The document summarizes the independence movements in various Latin American countries from European rule in the early 19th century. It discusses how Haiti gained independence through the leadership of Toussaint L'Ouverture and Jean-Jacques Dessalines, making it the first black colony to do so. In Peru, Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín led the movement for independence through military campaigns. Agustín de Iturbide eventually declared Mexico's independence in 1820 and crowned himself Emperor, though his government did not last. Brazil's independence differed in that it occurred without violence through a petition to choose a new leader.

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World Cultures 11

Unit III: Latin America

Name: Eric Garman


Date: 5/15/15

LATIN AMERICAN PEOPLES WIN INDEPENDENCE


Directions: After reading the document below, please answer the following questions completely and
Thoroughly in complete sentence format.
Background Question:
1. What three factors motivated the people of Latin America to rebel against their European
controllers?
- The American Revolution, The French Revolution, And the Enlightenment all led to the rebellion.

Haitian Independence
1. Who controlled the colony of Haiti and what two leaders where responsible for their
independence?
- Toussaint LOuverture was the leader and Jean-Jacques Dessalines led to the independence.

2. Why were they able to win their independence so quickly and easily?
- All of the slaves were free in Haiti.

3. How was this movement for independence different from revolutions in the rest of Latin
America? [You will have to answer this question after reading the entire document.]
- They were the first black colony to have independence.

Viceroyalty of Peru
1. Identify and explain the specific events on the European continent effected the movement for
independence in Peru.
- The liberation forces and the wars in south America led to the independence.

2. The movement from independence was spearheaded by what two creoles. Who were they and
explain how they were able to gain it.
Simn Bolvar and Jos de San Martn were able to gain it through vigorous fighting and pushing
through south America.

3. What name did they give to the independent viceroyality?


- Gran Columbia was the new name.
Viceroyalty of New Spain
1. How did the movement for independence differ from that of Peru?
- It was based on Enlightenment and less war.

2. The movement began with the leadership of what two leaders? Explain their rebellion and its
successes/failures.
- Miguel Hidalgo and Jos Mara Morelos led through enlightenment and made changes in order to
get success for the people

3. Ironically, a creole DID eventually was successful in gaining freedom from Spain. Who was he,
and whey did favor independence in 1820 when he did not earlier?
- Agustn de Iturbide was a different thinker who sparked a revolution.

4. What government/title did this liberator give the newly independent viceroyalty?
What happened to his government?
- He declared himself Emperor.

Brazil
1. Why was this colony governed differently than the Spanish colonies just prior to indepence?
- This was different because it did not occur with bloodshed and violence.

2. How did the movement for independence differ in this Portuguese colony than those of the
Spanish colonies?

In Brazil they used a petition to chose a leader.

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