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    Blood Types

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    Experiments with blood transfusions have been carried out for hundreds of years, but mixing blood from different individuals can lead to fatal blood clumping if the blood types are incompatible. Human blood type is determined by the antigens on red blood cells - A, B, both, or neither - and the body produces antibodies to the antigens that are not present, which prevents transfusion of the wrong blood type and causes clumping. Understanding blood types and antigen-antibody reactions is essential for safely transfusing blood.

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    Blood Types

    Uploaded by

    api-277471896
    202 views12 pages
    Experiments with blood transfusions have been carried out for hundreds of years, but mixing blood from different individuals can lead to fatal blood clumping if the blood types are incompatible. Human blood type is determined by the antigens on red blood cells - A, B, both, or neither - and the body produces antibodies to the antigens that are not present, which prevents transfusion of the wrong blood type and causes clumping. Understanding blood types and antigen-antibody reactions is essential for safely transfusing blood.

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    Experiments with blood transfusions have been carried out for hundreds of years, but mixing blood from different individuals can lead to fatal blood clumping if the blood types are incompatible. Human blood type is determined by the antigens on red blood cells - A, B, both, or neither - and the body produces antibodies to the antigens that are not present, which prevents transfusion of the wrong blood type and causes clumping. Understanding blood types and antigen-antibody reactions is essential for safely transfusing blood.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    202 views12 pages

    Blood Types

    Uploaded by

    api-277471896
    Experiments with blood transfusions have been carried out for hundreds of years, but mixing blood from different individuals can lead to fatal blood clumping if the blood types are incompatible. Human blood type is determined by the antigens on red blood cells - A, B, both, or neither - and the body produces antibodies to the antigens that are not present, which prevents transfusion of the wrong blood type and causes clumping. Understanding blood types and antigen-antibody reactions is essential for safely transfusing blood.

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    Blood Types

    Experiments with blood transfusions,


    have been carried out for hundreds of
    years.
    Mixing blood from two individuals can
    lead to blood clumping which can be
    fatal.
    All human blood is made up of four
    major components
    1. red blood cells
    2. white blood cells
    3. Platelets
    4. Plasma.

    Human blood type is determined


    by the red blood cell.
    On the surface of the red blood
    cell, each person has a unique set
    of proteins that we call antigens.
    An individual could have A
    antigens, B antigens, A and B
    antigens, or zero antigens on the
    surface of his or her red blood
    cells. The same individual could
    also have an Rh antigen absent or
    present on the surface of his or
    her red blood cells.

    The body produces antibodies


    for all of the antigens that are
    not present on ones red blood
    cells.
    An antibody is a protein used
    by the immune system to
    identify and tag foreign objects
    for destruction.
    This is why blood types of the
    recipient and the donor must be
    taken into consideration in blood
    transfusions. If the wrong type of
    blood is introduced into
    someones system, the
    antibodies will identify the

    Understanding Your Blood Type

    The letter tells


    you if you have
    A and B
    antigens
    present on the
    red blood cells.
    In this case
    only A
    antigens are
    present.

    A
    A
    Antigens

    Understanding Your Blood Type

    The letter
    tells you if
    you have A
    and B
    antigens
    present on
    the red blood
    cells. In this
    case only B
    antigens are
    present.

    B
    A
    B

    Understanding Your Blood Type

    The letter
    tells you if
    you have A
    and B
    antigens
    present on
    the red blood
    cells. In this
    case A and B
    antigens are
    present.

    A
    B

    A Antigens
    B Antigens

    Understanding Your Blood Type


    The letter
    tells you if
    you have A
    and B
    antigens
    present on
    the red blood
    cells. In this
    case A and B
    antigens are
    not
    present.

    Blood Types and their Antigens


    Blood Group

    Red Blood Cell Antigen

    Antibody in Blood

    Present
    A

    Plasma
    B antibody

    A antibody

    AB

    A and B

    Neither A nor B

    Neither A nor B

    A and B antibodies

    Rh+

    Rh present

    No Rh antibody

    Rh-

    Rh absent

    Rh antibody

    Not all blood groups are compatible with each


    other.
    Mixing incompatible blood groups leads to blood
    clumping or agglutination, which is dangerous
    for individuals.
    This occurs because the antibodies of the
    recipients blood attach to the antigens of the
    donor blood.
    The red blood cells are
    linked together, like bunches
    of grapes, by the antibodies.

    What can be mixed?


    We can mix a blood type with any
    other blood that will not have any
    antibodies for that type.
    Example: We can mix A blood with AB
    blood because AB blood does not
    have any A antibodies.
    Example: We can mix O blood with B
    blood because O blood does not have
    any antibodies.

    What cannot be mixed?


    We cannot mix any blood types with
    blood that has matching antibodies.
    Example: We cannot mix AB blood
    with O blood because O blood has A
    and B antibodies.
    Example: We cannot mix A blood
    with B blood because B blood has A
    antibodies.

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