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Pertemuan 8 Digital Electronics: Adder

The document discusses single-bit and multi-bit adder circuits. It describes the half adder and full adder, which are the basic building blocks used to add two binary digits. For multi-bit addition, it explains the ripple carry adder and carry lookahead adder implementations. The ripple carry adder is slow because the carry must ripple from least significant bit stage to most significant bit stage. The carry lookahead adder aims to increase speed by predicting carry signals earlier to reduce propagation delay.

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37 views22 pages

Pertemuan 8 Digital Electronics: Adder

The document discusses single-bit and multi-bit adder circuits. It describes the half adder and full adder, which are the basic building blocks used to add two binary digits. For multi-bit addition, it explains the ripple carry adder and carry lookahead adder implementations. The ripple carry adder is slow because the carry must ripple from least significant bit stage to most significant bit stage. The carry lookahead adder aims to increase speed by predicting carry signals earlier to reduce propagation delay.

Uploaded by

hannajaidi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Pertemuan 8

Digital Electronics

ADDER
(Lecture #10)

Single-bit Adder Circuits

The Half Adder (HA)

ECE 301 - Digital Electronics

Binary Addition

+ 0
0

+ 1
1
Sum

+ 0
1

+ 1
10

Carry

ECE 301 - Digital Electronics

Sum

The Half Adder

ECE 301 - Digital Electronics

The Half Adder

ECE 301 - Digital Electronics

Single-bit Adder Circuits

The Full Adder (FA)

ECE 301 - Digital Electronics

Binary Addition

+ 0
0

0
0

+ 1
1

0
0

+ 0
1

0
1

+ 1
10

0
1

Carry-in

+ 0
1

1
0

+ 1
10

1
0

+ 0
10

1
1

+ 1
11

Carry-out

ECE 301 - Digital Electronics

1
1

Sum

The Full Adder


Cin

Cout

ECE 301 - Digital Electronics

The Full Adder


S

Cout

Cin

Cin

Cin

Cin

S = X xor Y xor Cin


Cout = X.Y + X.Cin + Y.Cin
ECE 301 - Digital Electronics

The Full Adder


X
Y

Cin

Cout

ECE 301 - Digital Electronics

10

The Full Adder


Half Adder

Half Adder
Cin

Cin

Cin + xy

Cin

ECE 301 - Digital Electronics

11

Multi-bit Adder Circuits

ECE 301 - Digital Electronics

13

Implementations of Multi-bit Adders:


1. Ripple Carry Adder
2. Carry Lookahead Adder

ECE 301 - Digital Electronics

14

Multi-bit Adder Circuits

Ripple Carry Adder

ECE 301 - Digital Electronics

15

Ripple Carry Adder


Carry ripples from one column to the next

1 1
0 1

1
0

+ 1

1 0

1
Carry-out

ECE 301 - Digital Electronics

Carry-in

16

Ripple Carry Adder


Carry-out

Carry-in

Carry ripples from one stage to the next

ECE 301 - Digital Electronics

17

Ripple Carry Adder

n-bit Ripple Carry Adder

Composed of n 1-bit Full Adders

Carries ripple from LSB stage to MSB stage

Delay ~ (n)*(delay of single FA stage)


Area required is linear in n

4-bit Ripple Carry Adder

Composed of 4 1-bit Full Adders

ECE 301 - Digital Electronics

18

The Ripple Carry Adder is slow!


Why?
How can the speed of the adder be increased?

ECE 301 - Digital Electronics

19

Increasing the speed of the Adder

Method A: Include all inputs and outputs in the design

Inputs = Xi, Yi, Cin,i; Outputs = Si, Cout,i

1-bit

3 inputs

2 outputs

2-bit

5 inputs

3 outputs

4-bit

9 inputs

5 outputs

n-bit

2n+1 inputs

n+1 outputs

Use Truth Table


and K-Map to
derive logic functions

Large number of operands, but only 2 logic levels

Increase in speed

Increase in area required

ECE 301 - Digital Electronics

decrease propagation delay


increase # of logic gates

20

Increasing the speed of the Adder

Method B: Manipulate the Boolean Algebra


(results in the design of the Carry Lookahead Adder)

ECE 301 - Digital Electronics

21

Multi-bit Adder Circuits

Carry Lookahead Adder

ECE 301 - Digital Electronics

22

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