Running head: NECESSITY FOR ONLINE INSTRUCTION AND EDUCATIONAL

TECHNOLOGY
1

The Necessity for Online Instruction and Educational Technology

Mitchell D. Parson
Liberty University Online
EDUC 631

THE NECESSITY FOR ONLINE INSTRUCTION AND EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

Abstract
With the increased change in technology and the growing availability of the internet, more
people are finding it conducive to advance their education online. In addition to the changes in
technology, there are also the generational changes of the youth. The methods, in which our new
students are learning, are analogous to the changes in technology. This relationship between the
two has created deeper concern in the necessity for online instruction. Also, with the cost of
education continuing to rise, the affordability for many will be unable to acquire the traditional
face-to-face education. As society becomes more immersed in technology, the acceptance of
distance learning will continue to increase. The greatest challenge will be that of getting
educator's up to par on how to deliver an online course. And the other major challenge is that of
social networking; will the means of collaboration between instructor/student be conducive for
educational purposes, as well as, effective in the workforce of the student's chosen career? This
research paper will not only show that online education is necessary, but it could even become
the standard by which people receive their education.
Keywords: Technology, Social Networking, Distance Learning, Collaboration, Education

THE NECESSITY FOR ONLINE INSTRUCTION AND EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

The Necessity for Online Instruction and Educational Technology

Introduction
Over the past twenty years, many advances have been made since the inception of
distance learning. Of course, this is not to say that distance learning has not been around for a
longer period of time, but the reliability and credibility is what we're really concerned with.
Much of the older ways of online instruction was based on the asynchronous method. This
method of instruction was based on the constructivist theory, which basically states that learning
is based on experiences, and as a result, collaboration was very limited. There are many advances
in technology that have attributed to the present day success of online instruction, with the
internet being the overarching key. In addition to the internet, the advances in computers and
multimedia have made the process of online instruction much more enjoyable. These previous
advances have enabled a more realistic setting, to match that of face-to-face instruction. This
new method of instruction, known as synchronous instruction, enables students and instructors to
interact as if they were in a traditional classroom setting. In other words, collaboration between
students and instructors are no longer a real issue. Moreover, with the continual rising cost of
traditional education (face-to-face), more people are resorting to distance education. In one
sense, this has really helped in getting educators to change the way they teach. The change in the
methodology of instruction can be a challenge, especially for those who have been in the
teaching profession for many years. But as educators, change is really not an option. If we are
going to provide our students with a quality education, and at the same time, provide it on a level
by which they are accustomed to learning, then we must change the way we teach. The following
is a review of several articles that will substantiate the need for the necessity for online
instruction educational technology.

THE NECESSITY FOR ONLINE INSTRUCTION AND EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

Multimedia in Learning
The technology behind multimedia is now able to provide students with a learning
environment that is conducive to that of a traditional classroom setting. The opportunity for
genuine collaboration and active participation are two of the main elements of the traditional
setting, and now, with the advancements of multimedia, educators are able to provide a "chalkand-talk" method of instruction (Malik & Agarwal, 2012). The use of multimedia also provides
the tools necessary to help students interpret information in a much broader sense. Traditionally,
students were limited to their textbooks, and maybe the school library, but now, the world has
become a source of available information, through the use of multimedia. Multimedia provides
students the opportunity to become more of a researcher, than just taking notes in a traditional
setting. Another benefit, in the use of multimedia in the classroom, is that students are able to
express themselves in a whole new way. Some examples may include the use of videos, graphic
design software, or presentation software, all of which brings out the creativity of the student.
With much of the newer generation of students having a strong knowledge in the use of
multimedia devices, and an increased desire to learn outside of the traditional classroom setting,
the necessity for online instruction has become even greater.
Technology in Education
The idea of teaching in an environment outside of the tradition classroom setting can be a
bit frightening. Technology, in and of itself, can be a challenge for anyone. But technology, when
used appropriately, can provide a learning environment like that of no other. And although
technology can be a very effective tool in teaching, the philosophy of its use is not the same
across all educational platforms (Lane & Lyle, 2011). One of the reasons for the different
mindsets is that research has determined that are many different levels of expertise when it

THE NECESSITY FOR ONLINE INSTRUCTION AND EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

comes to the understanding of technology. It was suggested that those with more experience,
would be the ones who provide the support for those less knowledgeable (Lane & Lyle, 2011).
The real issue, with the use of technology in education, is not the technology itself, but rather,
does technology enhance the learning environment? The cognitivist theory of learning believes
that the technology of today is able to help increase the ability to remember information (Semple,
2000).
Technology has the ability to unlock all kinds of educational boundaries. But one of the
biggest arguments by those who oppose the use of technology in the classroom is the distraction
of the technology itself. Example; the use of computers that are able to access the internet can
pose a real problem. This problem might be the increased time of the instructor having to
monitor the students, to see if they are following the task at hand, or surfing the web. But on the
flip side, distance learning would require the student to use their creative side to search many
different websites to complete their assignments. At this time, the majority of online learning is
focused on higher education. But even now, not all students are able to learn in this format.
Online education requires some form of discipline and accountability, but the transition from the
typical face-to-face classroom, to that of online learning, is becoming more and more acceptable
by many colleges. Much of the reasoning behind this change is due to the fact that technology
and multimedia are very close to mimicking the traditional classroom setting. Another reason for
the necessity of distance learning is cost. With the economy still in recovery, many are unable to
afford the cost and the time it takes to travel back and forth to some campus. One great example
of cost decrease is that of textbooks. More and more of the traditional paperback books are now
becoming eBooks or iBooks. In addition to the lower cost of books, students are able, through
the use of technology, have all books accessible on one device. So it's not that people don't want

THE NECESSITY FOR ONLINE INSTRUCTION AND EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

to attain some degree; in fact, many are looking for ways to go back to school, but due to
circumstances, need to work in order to provide for their families. And one of the benefits of an
online education is flexibility. In addition to flexibility is the pace at which one is able to
complete their program. So many of the online programs offer the opportunity for the individual
to take as many, or as few, of the courses they desire.
Student Engagement
Although there are many benefits in the use of multimedia and technology in the
classroom and online instruction, student engagement, is by far, the most important element of
instruction. There are many factors in the learning process, but without intrinsic motivation and
self-confidence, it will always be difficult to engage students. One of the reasons student
engagement, in the traditional classroom setting, is easier to attain, is that both, student and
instructor, are able to interact instantly. The challenge comes when trying to develop a similar
atmosphere with online instruction. Every effort must be made to create a virtual classroom that
will assist in helping to generate enthusiasm and interest, on the student's behalf. Studies were
completed showing that the use of multimedia, in the classroom and online instruction, would be
an effective means for student engagement and collaboration (Shepherd & Sheu, 2014). Also, we
must remember, it is the instructor who is responsible for generating an environment in which
active student engagement is possible. This has been one of the biggest challenges when it comes
to distance learning, but now with the advancement of technology and multimedia, it is a very
real reality.
Changes in Society
Just two or three decades ago, the idea of having technology, so common place, was
unthinkable. The cost of technology, such as computers, televisions, and appliances, were too

THE NECESSITY FOR ONLINE INSTRUCTION AND EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

expensive for most families. Today, many families have two or more computers, two or more
televisions, and nearly one cell phone for every family member. Internet, in the homes, is as
common place as food in the cupboards. In the same way, technology in the schools is becoming
common place. For the past decade, students wishing to use computers in school would have to
go to a special room, called the computer lab, but now, a large number of schools have desktop
computers in many of the classrooms. In addition to computers, other devices such as tablets,
laptops, interactive overhead projectors, whiteboards, mobile devices, and internet access, are
also becoming the norm for many institutions. Societal changes have always been a good
predictor of the future, and if technology has become a part of everyday life, then it needs to be
embraced and not seen as merely a tool, but rather, a vital part of living. Unfortunately, the
economic situation of the United States is not getting much better, and the cost of an education is
out of reach by many. This is one reason why technology is so important, because it offers a
better opportunity, economically, for individuals to continue their education and expand their job
opportunities.
Online Educational Barriers
Distance learning is becoming more and more excepted by many institutions. But
probably the biggest drawback is found in the lack of knowledge of the faculty, in how to create
such a learning environment. A study was done in which several hundred faculty members were
asked about their knowledge on current advancements in technology and how they might use the
current technology for online instruction. The results were not surprising; the majority had very
little understanding in how to use the newer technology, and as a result, the idea of using it for
online instruction, was very low (Lane & Lyle, 2011). There were many factors as to why these
numbers were so low, but the majority of the faculty members who were involved in the study,

THE NECESSITY FOR ONLINE INSTRUCTION AND EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

unanimously agreed that the time needed to adopt these new technologies into an online
curriculum, was never available. One must also understand, that until educators are given the
time and training on such technology, there will continue to be a lack of experts in this field.
Another barrier to online learning is the change that needs to take place in the current
method of instruction. For the past decade, much of the online courses have been based on the
old traditional method of teaching; watching a video, using email, and reading the textbook. In
other words, there has been no real use of modern technology, and the ability it has to change the
way people learn. The good news is that barriers are slowly being overcome. For example; some
instructors are doing what is called; flipping the lecture. In this situation, instructors will have the
students view the lecture online, so that more time can be dedicated to discussion and hands-on
activities, when in the classroom. In reality, this is what is called, a hybrid course, and is not to
be considered as a full-blown online course, because the student is still required to be on campus
at different times of the week.
Finally, credibility of the facilitator is an important concern. One of the reasons most
people go to school, is to prepare themselves for the workforce. If an employer does not
recognize or accept a degree from some institution, then the idea of online learning really
becomes pointless. This is why there is such a push to get instructors up-to-par on the modern
uses of technology, and how to apply them to online instruction. When employers are able to see
real learning take place in an online environment, then the students become more marketable to
the employer. Also, employers are more apt to use online training or education, while
maintaining an employee/employer relationship. One of the ways employers are able to assess
the institution, is to know where it stands with its accreditation. The accreditation of an

THE NECESSITY FOR ONLINE INSTRUCTION AND EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

institution is a good indicator of the schools quality of education. For the most part, accreditation
is only given to institutions that have met a certain acceptance level by recognized agencies.
Conclusion
The idea of learning, where its accomplished and how its done, will forever be
changing, and technology will always be a big part of that change. The biggest problem is not
technology itself, but rather, how one views its purpose. How interesting it is, when one
considers the traditional face-to-face method of teaching, and how much real access the student
has with the instructor. For the most part, each student has about thirty to fifty minutes of access
with his/her instructor, and when one takes into account the number of students in the classroom,
the minutes are greatly reduced. This scenario is merely one example of why online instruction
can be so beneficial, as well as necessary, for the betterment of the student. One of the reasons
for student success is having the ability to create an environment for student engagement. In the
traditional setting, student engagement is at a minimum. In other words, the student will only
have the opportunity to engage, two or three time a week; hence, one of the necessities and
benefits of online instruction. And although the student may never see the instructor face-to-face,
the opportunity to engage, has now been increased to seven day a week, twenty-four hour a day.
The use of technology also affords the opportunity for students to learn, review, and interact in a
whole new way. With the advancement of multimedia, students are now able to express
themselves in a whole new way. Hence, learning becomes more engaging and collaboration
between students and instructors is increased. There is also the global aspect of collaboration; for
the internet has opened doors that were never thought possible. Distant learning is able to create
an environment, that has otherwise, never been possible. Students are now able to collaborate
with other students, who may live on the other side of the world. This alone would generate

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excitement that could never be done in the traditional setting. Another reason for the necessity of
online instruction is the cost of an education and the time required to take classes. There is no
doubt that the economy in the United States is going through a rough time. And with so many
families struggling to make ends meet, and having no choice but to take whatever job they can
find, or the opportunity to go back to school and learn a new trade, distance learning becomes
their only hope. It offers affordable rates; it can be scheduled around the students work needs,
and for the most part, can be accomplished at any time. The old ways of learning, is without a
doubt, fading away. And with each new generation of students, technology will also continue to
change, and as such, educators must do the same.

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