UNITS CONVERSION

60

gravity

Distance

05/09/15

meters / second = m/sec

second

at 45 degrees latitude

32.1725 ft/sec

1 inch
1 feet
1 yard
1 mm
1.0E+00 mm

Area

Christy
8:32

269566553.xls

ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET

Copyright 2006 American Society of Civil Engineers
UNITS CONVERSION
gravity
9.80621 m/sec

Page 60 - 1

25.4 mm exact conversion

304.80 mm
12 in * 25.4 mm/inch
91.44 mm
3 ft * 12 in/ft * 25.4 mm/inch
0.03937 in

1000
1.0E+03

1 meter
1 kilometer
1 mm

3.28084 ft
0.62137 mile

0.91440 yard

0.001 mm
1.0E-03 mm

1000 n
1.0E+03 n

1 m2
1 Km2

1.19599 yard2
2.59000 Mile2

10.7639 ft2

1 ft2
1 yard2
1 in2

0.09290 m2
0.83613 m2
645.160 mm2

1000000 n
1.0E+06 n

row 20
10,000,000 ngstrom
1.0E+07 ngstrom

10000 ngstrom
1.0E+04 ngstrom

row 30

1550.0 in2

row 40

Weight

1
1
1
1
1

lb av
oz av
lb av
oz troy
lb troy

1 ton

0.4536
28.3495
453.592
31.1035
373.242

kilogram
gram
gram
gram
gram

907.185 kg

14.5833
1.09714
16
0.91146
12

oz troy
oz troy
oz av
oz av
oz troy

1.21527 lb troy
0.08333 lb troy
0.82286 lb av

437.5
4739.7
24
5760

grains
grains
grains
grains

7.777 carats

2000 lbs
row 50

1 gram
1 kg
1 metric ton

mass

1 kg
1 lb

0.001 kg
1000 g
1000 kg

9.80621 kg-m/sec
4.44801 kg-m/sec

0.03527 oz av
2.20462 lb
2205 lbs

15.43236 grains

70.9284 lb-sec /ft

0.03108 lb-sec /ft
row 60

UNITS CONVERSION

60

Christy
8:32
05/09/15

269566553.xls

ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET

Copyright 2006 American Society of Civil Engineers
A

Page 60 - 2

row 70

UNITS CONVERSION

60

Christy
8:32
05/09/15

269566553.xls

ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET

Copyright 2006 American Society of Civil Engineers
A

Page 60 - 3

UNITS CONVERSION -- Continued

Pressure

Moment

Volume

1 lb /ft2
1 lb /in2

SI
0.047880 kPa
6.894757 kPa

SI
0.04788 kN / m2
0.00689 kN / mm2

1
1
1
1
1

1
0.000001
1
1000
0.000001

0.00981
0.00001
9.80621
9806.21
0.00981

kg /m-sec

0.09616
96161.8

kg /m-sec

Pa
Pa
kPa
GPa
N /mm2

N /m
N /mm
kN / m
kN / m
kN / mm

kg /mm-sec
kg /m-sec
kg /m-sec
kg /m-sec

1 kg /m2
1 kg /mm2

0.009806 kPa
9806.210 kPa

1 bar

101.325 kPa
1013250 dynes/cm

1 ft-lb
1 Nm

1.355757 Nm
0.737595 ft-lb

0.13825 kg-m
0.10198 kg-m

1 m3
1 litre

35.31466 ft3
0.264172 gallon

1.30795 yard3

1 ft3
1 yard3
1 gallon

0.028317 m3
0.764555 m3
3.785412 litre

kg /m-sec

14.7 psi

1728
27
0.1337
4

in3
ft3
ft3
quarts

SI
0.47000 kg /m-sec2
0.06768 kg /m-sec2

mks
4.88243 kg /m2
0.03391 kg /m2

Imperial
0.1450 lb /in
145.04 lb /in
0.0001 lb /in

Imperial
20.8854 lb /ft
20885.4 lb /ft
0.00002 lb /ft

0.0014 lb /in
1422.3 lb /in

0.20482 lb /ft
204816 lb /ft

1.00

atmosphere

row 80

760 mm Hg

row 90

128 fluid oz
8 pints
row 100

Velocity

1 m/sec
1
1
1
1

km/hr
km/sec
ft/sec
miles/hr

1 mm/sec

3600 m/hr
0.2778
3600
0.3048
0.44704

m/sec
km/hr
m/sec
km/hr

0.1 cm/sec
3600000 m/hr

3.28084 ft/sec

2.23694 miles/hr

0.9113 ft/sec
42520 ft/sec

0.62137 miles/hr
28991 miles/hr

1000000 mm/sec
3600 km/hr

1000 m/sec

3280.84 ft/sec
2454.545 miles/hr
row 110

Force

1 lb force
1N

4.44822 N
444822.2 dynes
9.80665 kg-m/sec
100000 dynes

43.62216 kg-m/sec
0.2248 lb force

0.03108 lb-sec /ft

0.00699 lb-sec /ft

slug
slug

Temperature
0 C
39.2 F

273.15 K
498.87 R

32.0 F
4.0 C

1E+007 ergs
1.0E+07 ergs

0.239 cal

32 + 9 /5 * C degrees
(F degrees - 32) * 5 /9
row 120

Energy

1 joule

0.000948 Btu

2.8E-007 kW-h

UNITS CONVERSION

60

Christy
8:32
05/09/15

269566553.xls

ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET

Copyright 2006 American Society of Civil Engineers
A

Page 60 - 4

row 130

UNITS CONVERSION

60

ft
in

foot
inch

ft^2
ft^3
in^2
in

square foot, f
cubic foot, ft
square inch, in
cubic inch, in

oz av
oz troy

avoirdupois ounce
apothecary ounce

psf
psi

pounds per square foot, lb /ft

pounds per square inch, lb /in

F
R

Fahrenheit degrees
Rankine degrees

cal
Btu
kW-h

calorie
British thermal unit
kilowatt hour

Prefix Summary
p
10-12
n
10-9
10-6

m
10-3
103
k
M
106
G
109
T
1012

Christy
8:32
05/09/15

269566553.xls

ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET

Copyright 2006 American Society of Civil Engineers
NOTATION
Imperial
feet-pounds-seconds

Page 60 - 5

mks

meters-kilograms-seconds
a rational metric system

SI

System Internationale

m
mm
cm
mm
A

meter
millimeter
centimeter = 10 millimeters
millimeter
ngstrom

KPa
MPa
N
Nm

Kilopascal
MegaPascal
Newton
Newton Meter
row 140

m^2
m^3
gr
kg
tonne
kfg

square meter, m
cubic meter, m
gram
kilogram
metric ton
kilograms force (Japanese)

row 150

C
K

Centigrade degrees
Kelvin degrees

row 160
pico
nano
micro
milli
kilo
mega
giga
tera

0.000 000 000 001

0.000 000 001
0.000 001
0.001
1 000
1 000 000
1 000 000 000
1 000 000 000 000
row 170

Density
1 Litre of water = 1 cubic decimeter = 1 kilogram
density
1 kg/m3
0.06246 lb/ft3
water
999.36 kg/m3
62.42 lb /ft3
steel
7850 kg/m3
490.35 lb/ft3
concrete
2400 kg/m3
149.92 lb/ft3

Speed of Sound
dry air 0C
mild steel
pyrex glass
kerosene
water

331
5960
5640
1324
1498

m/sec
m/sec
m/sec
m/sec
m/sec

1192896
2E+007
2E+007
4766400
5392800

m/hr
m/hr
m/hr
m/hr
m/hr

at 39.2F, 3.98C

1087
19554
18504
4344
4915

ft/sec
ft/sec
ft/sec
ft/sec
ft/sec

741
13332
12616
2962
3351

miles/hr
miles/hr
miles/hr
miles/hr
miles/hr

row 180

at 25C
at 25C, distilled

UNITS CONVERSION

60

Christy
8:32
05/09/15

269566553.xls

ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET

Copyright 2006 American Society of Civil Engineers
A

Page 60 - 6

row 190

UNITS CONVERSION

60

Christy
8:32
05/09/15

269566553.xls

ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET

Copyright 2006 American Society of Civil Engineers
A

Page 60 - 7

Distance, Velocity and, Acceleration

Linear Distance
x1
0 inch
x2
4 inch
Dx
4 inch
x average
2 inch
v1
v2
Dv
v average

0
4
4
2

inch /sec
inch /sec
inch /sec
inch /sec

t1
t2
Dt
t average

2
4
2
3

sec
sec
sec
sec

2 in /sec2

4 inch

row 200

row 210
(v2 + v1) /2 (t2 - t1)
v avg /Dt
2.00 in/sec * 2.00 sec

t2
t1

4 inch

area x = vavg * t

v1

v2

(v2 - v1)2 /2a

Dv2 / 2a
4.00 in /sec /(2 2.00 in /sec )
row 220

4 inch

(v22 - v12) /2a

(4.00 in /sec - 0.00 in /sec) /(2 * 2.00 in /sec)

4 inch

(t2 - t1)2 a/2

(2.00 sec - 4.00 sec) * 2.00 inch/sec /2

Velocity
v

2 inch /sec (x2 - x1) /(t2 - t1)

(4.00 - 0.00) in /(4.00 - 2.00 ) se

4 inch /sec a (t2 - t1)

2.00 in /sec * (4.00 - 2.00) sec

v2

t2
t1

row 230

vavg
v1

x1

x2

2.83 inch /sec 2 a (x2 - x1)

2 * a in /sec * (4.00 - 2.00 in)
row 240

Acceleration
a

t2
2 inch /sec2 (v2 - v1) /(t2 - t1)
(4.00 - 0.00 ) in /sec /(4.00 - 2.00 ) sec
t1

aavg
v1
v2
Figure 60-1 Graphic representations

UNITS CONVERSION

60

Christy
8:32
05/09/15

269566553.xls

ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET

Copyright 2006 American Society of Civil Engineers
A

Page 60 - 8

of changes in time vs velocity vs distance.

row 250

UNITS CONVERSION

60

Convert Hp to Work
F
9.60 k
cyclical load applied
delta
0.50 in
1/2 of stroke
T
1.50 sec/cycle time for complete cycle + and - deflections
energy
power
Hp
Hp

2.40
0.900
0.550
0.046

Christy
8:32
05/09/15

269566553.xls

ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET

Copyright 2006 American Society of Civil Engineers
A

Page 60 - 9

0.020 * 96" max drift

in-k
P * delta /2 for 1/2 of stroke force applied one direction only
in-k / sec
ft-k/sec
constant
in-k/sec constant
row 260

Hp_req
rpm_req
motor

19.6 hp in straight line

40 rpm
3.0 Hp motor

As Impact -- Spring compressed by piston

P_stroke
9.60
arm
0.50
V_init
1.00 in/sec
V_final
time
k_spring

0
0.375 sec
19.2 k/in

Theta
cos_t
sin_t
v
F
Torque

90 deg
0.000
1.000
1.000 in/sec x
0.00
0.00 k-in

Theta
cos_t
sin_t
v
F
Torque

135 deg
-0.707
0.707
0.707 in/sec x
-6.79
-2.40 k-in

Theta
cos_t
sin_t
v
F
Torque

180 deg
-1.000
0.000
0.000 in/sec x
-9.60
0.00 k-in

TEST
cos_t
sin_t
v
F
Torque

140 deg
-0.766
0.643
0.643 in/sec x
-7.35
-2.36 k-in

Figure 60-2 Rotation represented as a

sine wave.
row 270

COS(Theta /180 * PI())

SIN(Theta /180 * PI())
V_init * sin_t
P_stroke * cos_t
F * arm * sin_t
row 280

As Function of Motor Torque

throw
0.25 in
F
9.6 k
Torq
2.40 k-in
rpm

40.00 rpm
0.67 hz

row 290
Figure 60-3 Convert torque to linear force.

row 300

UNITS CONVERSION

60

1.5 hp
0.5234406 in/sec

Christy
8:32
05/09/15

269566553.xls

ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET

Copyright 2006 American Society of Civil Engineers
Hp
V_top

Page 60 - 10

row 310