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    Arrays

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    C++ arrays allow storing a fixed number of elements of the same type sequentially in memory. An array is declared by specifying the type and number of elements, such as double balance[10]. Individual elements can then be accessed using indexes, like balance[0]. Arrays can be initialized with a list of values or individually assigned later. Multidimensional arrays and passing arrays to functions are also supported features of C++ arrays.

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    Arrays

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    C++ arrays allow storing a fixed number of elements of the same type sequentially in memory. An array is declared by specifying the type and number of elements, such as double balance[10]. Individual elements can then be accessed using indexes, like balance[0]. Arrays can be initialized with a list of values or individually assigned later. Multidimensional arrays and passing arrays to functions are also supported features of C++ arrays.

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    C++ arrays allow storing a fixed number of elements of the same type sequentially in memory. An array is declared by specifying the type and number of elements, such as double balance[10]. Individual elements can then be accessed using indexes, like balance[0]. Arrays can be initialized with a list of values or individually assigned later. Multidimensional arrays and passing arrays to functions are also supported features of C++ arrays.

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    86 views3 pages

    Arrays

    Uploaded by

    api-284283149
    C++ arrays allow storing a fixed number of elements of the same type sequentially in memory. An array is declared by specifying the type and number of elements, such as double balance[10]. Individual elements can then be accessed using indexes, like balance[0]. Arrays can be initialized with a list of values or individually assigned later. Multidimensional arrays and passing arrays to functions are also supported features of C++ arrays.

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    C++ Arrays

    C++ provides a data structure, the array, which stores a fixed-size sequential collection of elements of
    the same type. An array is used to store a collection of data, but it is often more useful to think of an
    array as a collection of variables of the same type.
    Instead of declaring individual variables, such as number0, number1, ..., and number99, you declare
    one array variable such as numbers and use numbers[0], numbers[1], and ..., numbers[99] to represent
    individual variables. A specific element in an array is accessed by an index.
    All arrays consist of contiguous memory locations. The lowest address corresponds to the first element
    and the highest address to the last element.

    Declaring Arrays:
    To declare an array in C++, the programmer specifies the type of the elements and the number of
    elements required by an array as follows:
    type arrayName [ arraySize ];

    This is called a single-dimension array. The arraySize must be an integer constant greater than zero
    and type can be any valid C++ data type. For example, to declare a 10-element array called balance of
    type double, use this statement:
    double balance[10];

    Initializing Arrays:
    You can initialize C++ array elements either one by one or using a single statement as follows:
    double balance[5] = {1000.0, 2.0, 3.4, 17.0, 50.0};

    The number of values between braces { } can not be larger than the number of elements that we
    declare for the array between square brackets [ ]. Following is an example to assign a single element of
    the array:
    If you omit the size of the array, an array just big enough to hold the initialization is created. Therefore,
    if you write:
    double balance[] = {1000.0, 2.0, 3.4, 17.0, 50.0};

    You will create exactly the same array as you did in the previous example.
    balance[4] = 50.0;

    The above statement assigns element number 5th in the array a value of 50.0. Array with 4th index will
    be 5th, i.e., last element because all arrays have 0 as the index of their first element which is also called
    base index. Following is the pictorial representaion of the same array we discussed above:

    Accessing Array Elements:


    An element is accessed by indexing the array name. This is done by placing the index of the element
    within square brackets after the name of the array. For example:
    double salary = balance[9];

    The above statement will take 10th element from the array and assign the value to salary variable.
    Following is an example, which will use all the above-mentioned three concepts viz. declaration,
    assignment and accessing arrays:
    #include <iostream>
    using namespace std;

    #include <iomanip>
    using std::setw;

    int main ()
    {
    int n[ 10 ]; // n is an array of 10 integers

    // initialize elements of array n to 0


    for ( int i = 0; i < 10; i++ )
    {
    n[ i ] = i + 100; // set element at location i to i + 100
    }
    cout << "Element" << setw( 13 ) << "Value" << endl;

    // output each array element's value


    for ( int j = 0; j < 10; j++ )
    {
    cout << setw( 7 )<< j << setw( 13 ) << n[ j ] << endl;
    }

    return 0;
    }

    This program makes use of setw() function to format the output. When the above code is compiled and
    executed, it produces the following result:
    Element

    Value

    100

    101

    102

    103

    104

    105

    106

    107

    108

    109

    C++ Arrays in Detail:


    Arrays are important to C++ and should need lots of more detail. There are following few important
    concepts, which should be clear to a C++ programmer:
    Concept

    Multi-dimensional arrays

    Description
    C++ supports multidimensional arrays. The simplest
    form of the multidimensional array is the twodimensional array.

    Pointer to an array

    You can generate a pointer to the first element of an


    array by simply specifying the array name, without any
    index.

    Passing arrays to functions

    You can pass to the function a pointer to an array by

    Return array from functions

    C++ allows a function to return an array.

    specifying the array's name without an index.

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