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Operators in C++: Show Examples Operato R Description Example

Operators in C++ provide symbols to perform mathematical, logical, and other manipulations on operands. This document describes various types of operators in C++ including arithmetic, relational, logical, bitwise, assignment, and other operators. It provides examples of how each operator works, detailing their behavior and precedence.

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78 views

Operators in C++: Show Examples Operato R Description Example

Operators in C++ provide symbols to perform mathematical, logical, and other manipulations on operands. This document describes various types of operators in C++ including arithmetic, relational, logical, bitwise, assignment, and other operators. It provides examples of how each operator works, detailing their behavior and precedence.

Uploaded by

api-284283149
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Operators in C++

An operator is a symbol that tells the compiler to perform specific mathematical or logical
manipulations. C++ is rich in built-in operators and provides the following types of
operators:
Arithmetic Operators
Relational Operators
Logical Operators
Bitwise Operators
Assignment Operators
Misc Operators
This chapter will examine the arithmetic, relational, logical, bitwise, assignment and other
operators one by one.

Arithmetic Operators:
There are following arithmetic operators supported by C++ language:
Assume variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20, then:
Show Examples
Operato
r

Description

Example

Adds two operands

A + B will give 30

Subtracts second operand from the first

A - B will give -10

Multiplies both operands

A * B will give 200

Divides numerator by de-numerator

B / A will give 2

Modulus Operator and remainder of after


an integer division

B % A will give 0

++

Increment operator, increases integer


value by one

A++ will give 11

--

Decrement operator, decreases integer


value by one

A-- will give 9

Relational Operators:
There are following relational operators supported by C++ language
Assume variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20, then:
Show Examples
Operato
r

Description

Example

==

Checks if the values of two operands are


equal or not, if yes then condition
becomes true.

(A == B) is not true.

!=

Checks if the values of two operands are


equal or not, if values are not equal then
condition becomes true.

(A != B) is true.

>

Checks if the value of left operand is


greater than the value of right operand, if
yes then condition becomes true.

(A > B) is not true.

<

Checks if the value of left operand is


less than the value of right operand, if
yes then condition becomes true.

(A < B) is true.

>=

Checks if the value of left operand is


greater than or equal to the value of right
operand, if yes then condition becomes
true.

(A >= B) is not true.

<=

Checks if the value of left operand is


less than or equal to the value of right
operand, if yes then condition becomes
true.

(A <= B) is true.

Logical Operators:
There are following logical operators supported by C++ language
Assume variable A holds 1 and variable B holds 0, then:
Show Examples
Operato
r

Description

Example

&&

Called Logical AND operator. If both the


operands are non-zero, then condition
becomes true.

(A && B) is false.

||

Called Logical OR Operator. If any of the


two operands is non-zero, then condition
becomes true.

(A || B) is true.

Called Logical NOT Operator. Use to


reverses the logical state of its operand.
If a condition is true, then Logical NOT
operator will make false.

!(A && B) is true.

Bitwise Operators:
Bitwise operator works on bits and perform bit-by-bit operation. The truth tables for &, |,
and ^ are as follows:
p

p&q

p|q

p^q

Assume if A = 60; and B = 13; now in binary format they will be as follows:
A = 0011 1100
B = 0000 1101
----------------A&B = 0000 1100
A|B = 0011 1101
A^B = 0011 0001
~A = 1100 0011
The Bitwise operators supported by C++ language are listed in the following table. Assume
variable A holds 60 and variable B holds 13, then:
Show Examples
Operato
r

Description

Example

&

Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the


result if it exists in both operands.

(A & B) will give 12 which is 0000 1100

Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it


exists in either operand.

(A | B) will give 61 which is 0011 1101

Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it


is set in one operand but not both.

(A ^ B) will give 49 which is 0011 0001

Binary Ones Complement Operator is


unary and has the effect of 'flipping' bits.

(~A ) will give -61 which is 1100 0011 in


2's complement form due to a signed

binary number.

<<

Binary Left Shift Operator. The left


operands value is moved left by the
number of bits specified by the right
operand.

A << 2 will give 240 which is 1111 0000

>>

Binary Right Shift Operator. The left


operands value is moved right by the
number of bits specified by the right
operand.

A >> 2 will give 15 which is 0000 1111

Assignment Operators:
There are following assignment operators supported by C++ language:
Show Examples
Operato
r

Description

Example

Simple assignment operator, Assigns


values from right side operands to left
side operand

C = A + B will assign value of A + B into


C

+=

Add AND assignment operator, It adds


right operand to the left operand and
assign the result to left operand

C += A is equivalent to C = C + A

-=

Subtract AND assignment operator, It


subtracts right operand from the left
operand and assign the result to left
operand

C -= A is equivalent to C = C - A

*=

Multiply AND assignment operator, It


multiplies right operand with the left
operand and assign the result to left
operand

C *= A is equivalent to C = C * A

/=

Divide AND assignment operator, It


divides left operand with the right
operand and assign the result to left

C /= A is equivalent to C = C / A

operand

%=

Modulus AND assignment operator, It


takes modulus using two operands and
assign the result to left operand

C %= A is equivalent to C = C % A

<<=

Left shift AND assignment operator

C <<= 2 is same as C = C << 2

>>=

Right shift AND assignment operator

C >>= 2 is same as C = C >> 2

&=

Bitwise AND assignment operator

C &= 2 is same as C = C & 2

^=

bitwise exclusive OR and assignment


operator

C ^= 2 is same as C = C ^ 2

|=

bitwise inclusive OR and assignment


operator

C |= 2 is same as C = C | 2

Misc Operators
There are few other operators supported by C++ Language.
Operator

Description

sizeof

sizeof operator returns the size of a variable. For example,


sizeof(a), where a is integer, will return 4.

Condition ? X : Y

Conditional operator. If Condition is true ? then it returns value


X : otherwise value Y

Comma operator causes a sequence of operations to be


performed. The value of the entire comma expression is the value
of the last expression of the comma-separated list.

. (dot) and -> (arrow)

Member operators are used to reference individual members of


classes, structures, and unions.

Cast

Casting operators convert one data type to another. For example,


int(2.2000) would return 2.

&

Pointer operator & returns the address of an variable. For


example &a; will give actual address of the variable.

Pointer operator * is pointer to a variable. For example *var; will


pointer to a variable var.

Operators Precedence in C++:


Operator precedence determines the grouping of terms in an expression. This affects how
an expression is evaluated. Certain operators have higher precedence than others; for
example, the multiplication operator has higher precedence than the addition operator:
For example x = 7 + 3 * 2; here, x is assigned 13, not 20 because operator * has higher
precedence than +, so it first gets multiplied with 3*2 and then adds into 7.
Here, operators with the highest precedence appear at the top of the table, those with the
lowest appear at the bottom. Within an expression, higher precedence operators will be
evaluated first.
Show Examples
Category

Operator

Associativity

Postfix

() [] -> . ++ - -

Left to right

Unary

+ - ! ~ ++ - - (type)* & sizeof

Right to left

Multiplicative

*/%

Left to right

Additive

+-

Left to right

Shift

<< >>

Left to right

Relational

< <= > >=

Left to right

Equality

== !=

Left to right

Bitwise AND

&

Left to right

Bitwise XOR

Left to right

Bitwise OR

Left to right

Logical AND

&&

Left to right

Logical OR

||

Left to right

Conditional

?:

Right to left

Assignment

= += -= *= /= %=>>= <<= &= ^= |=

Right to left

Comma

Left to right

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