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Graphing PP For Website

This document provides instructions and examples for creating scientific graphs and interpreting data from graphs. It discusses that scientific graphs are usually line graphs and the lines are usually straight or curved. It then provides steps for setting up a successful graph, including providing a clear title with units, identifying and labeling axes, determining an appropriate scale and interval, and understanding the relationship between variables from the graph. The document also discusses extrapolating and interpolating data, understanding slope, and calculating slope from graphs.

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752 views

Graphing PP For Website

This document provides instructions and examples for creating scientific graphs and interpreting data from graphs. It discusses that scientific graphs are usually line graphs and the lines are usually straight or curved. It then provides steps for setting up a successful graph, including providing a clear title with units, identifying and labeling axes, determining an appropriate scale and interval, and understanding the relationship between variables from the graph. The document also discusses extrapolating and interpolating data, understanding slope, and calculating slope from graphs.

Uploaded by

api-261802313
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Making Science

Graphs and
Interpreting Data

Scientific Graphs
Most scientific graphs are
made as line graphs. There
may be times when other
types would be appropriate,
but they are rare.
The lines on scientific graphs
are usually drawn either
straight or curved. These
"smoothed" lines do not have
to touch all the data points, but
they should at least get close
to most of them. They are
called best-fit lines.
In general, scientific graphs
are not drawn in connect-thedot fashion.

How to set up successful


graphs!
Time (s)

Distance (m)

22

15

11

11

17

20

Your title should clearly tell what the graph is


about and include units.
Time (s)

Distance (m)

22

15

11

11

17

20

How does time (s) affect distance (m)?

T - Title

Identify each axis and record a


label that includes units.
Distance (m)

22

15

11

11

17

20

Y Axis =
Dependent
Variable

T Title
How does time (s)
affect distance (m)?

Distance (m)

Time (s)

A Axis

L Labels
Time (s)

X Axis =
Independent
Variable

Determine a scale (numerical value for each square) that


best fits the range of each variable.
There are two sets of
data, time & distance.

T - Title
A Axis

L Label
S Scale

Time (s)

Distance (m)

22

15

11

11

17

20

What is the greatest value


and the least value for the
first set of data, time? In
this case your scale would
be from 0 20.
What is the greatest value
and the least value for the
second set of data,
distance? In this case your
scale would be from 2
22.

Intervals describes the amount of space between the numbers


on the graph.
Choose an interval that is consistent and allows you to use
MOST of the available space

T Title

Time (s)

Distance (m)

22

How does time (s)

15

affect distance (m)?

11

11

17

20

I Interval

20

Distance (m)

In this case
your scale
would be from
2 22 and
you want the
scale to fit the
graph.
The best
interval would
be to go by
5s.

25

A Axis

L - Label

15
10

S Scale

5
0

12

Time (s)

15

18

21

In this case your scale would


be from 0 2. The best
interval would be to go by 3s
so that your data is spread
across the whole graph.

Types of Graphing Relationships


Once you have plot your points, you can see how both variables
are related.

Practice #1

Q: What TYPE of graphing relationship is shown?


A: Inverse
Q: State the relationship depicted by your graph.
A: As the length increases, the breadth decreases

Practice #2

Q: What TYPE of graphing relationship is shown?


A: Constant
Q: State the relationship depicted by your graph.
A: As the time increases, the velocity remains the same

Practice #3

Q: What TYPE of graphing relationship is shown?


A: Direct
Q: State the relationship depicted by your graph.
A: As the quantity increases, the price increases

Extrapolating Data

When you extrapolate data, you extend the graph, along the same
slope, above or below measured data.
Practice: How much distance is traveled in 9.5 seconds?
80 meters!

Interpolating Data

When you interpolate, you are predicting data between two measured
points on the graph.
Practice: How much distance is traveled in 4.7 seconds?
45 meters!

Understanding Slope
Slope is a measure of how steep a line is.
Slope can be measured as the rise (the increase in elevation
in some unit of measure) over the run (the horizontal distance
measured in the same units as the rise).

Knowing the slope is helpful when describing landforms,


modeling surface runoff and when looking at a graph to
compare the speed of two moving objects.

Notice how the first skateboarder is going down a steeper ramp.


Therefore, the slope of that line is bigger than the slope of the
second skater's line.

You may also notice that the skaters are going down the ramp from
the left to the right. This makes the slope decreasing, or negative.

How might slope change if we change the direction of the skater?


Now that that the skaters are going up the ramp from the left to the
right, their slope is increasing, or positive.

Calculating Slope

Created by: http://www.cstephenmurray.com/Acrobatfiles/IPC/ch1and2/chap1no4.pdf

Practice Calculating Slope

Q: What is the slope of the line between 0 sec and 5 sec?


A:

Created by: http://www.cstephenmurray.com/Acrobatfiles/IPC/ch1and2/chap1no4.pdf

Practice Calculating Slope

Q: What is the slope of the line between 0 sec and 10 sec?


A:

Created by: http://www.cstephenmurray.com/Acrobatfiles/IPC/ch1and2/chap1no4.pdf

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