Gee IAC, 2ooe nov 1 orbitor 3500 Telescope Instruction Manual M.Q.P. Canada Inc. Contact Us Toll Free at 1-888-370-5555 by E-mail at [email protected]1, Accessory Tray 2. Tripod Legs 3. Leg Braces/Tray Supports 4, Tripod to base attach point 5. Barlow lens 8. Eyepioce 7. Viewfinder bracket 8. Viewlinder 9. Viewtinder Collimation Screws 10. Optical Tube Retaining Ring 11. Main Optical Tube 12. Declination Lock 13. Declination Setting Circle 14, Right Ascension Lock 16. Polar Axis (oun agement orecton) 16. Right Ascension Setting Circle 31. Leg Thumbscrew 17. 18. Counterweight 19. Counterweight Safety Washer 20. 2. 22. Counterwoight Shaft 32. Tripod Attachment Bolt 33. Front Dust Cap 34, Latitude Adjustment Stop Counterweight Lock Declination Axis (rignment virecton) Primary Mirror Cell 23, Azimuth Adjustment Lock 24, Latitude Adjustment Lock . Focuser Draw Tube, 26. 27. Focuser Knob Right Ascension Control Cable . Declination Control Cable. 29. 30. Retaining Ring Tightening Knod Sliding Inner Leg ExtensionIntroduction Congratulations on purchasing your new tele- scope. We hope it will give you many years of enjoyment as it opens your eyes to some of Nature's most wondrous sights. Please read this manual carefully and com- pletely. It contains the information you need to know to obtain the best results from your telescope. If you quickly passed over the sun warning on this page, please read it now. if at any time you need assistance in assem- bling or operating your telescope you may contact us by mail, e-mail, fax or phone. The addresses and numbers are given later in this manual on the warranty page. Good Luck with your new hobby, and may all your skies be clear! WARNING! SPO ae TMU aca ey oe Lg the sun, or anywhere near the sun! Instant and irreversible damage can occur, including blindness! Pe ome Charm art telescope without adult Aisa e tae T NM iiCa it sun is above the horizon. CONTENTS Telescope Parts ......... 2 Sun Warning ........-- iB Introduction ...........- 3 Unpacking & Assembly... 4 Aligning the Viewfinder. .. 5 Balancing the Telescope . . 6 Understanding Celestial Movements ...... seeenee 6 Understanding Celestial Coordinates . . 7 Lining Up With the Celestial Poles... ss Ha eense cueoae 8 Polar Alignment. . . 8 Using Your Telescope.... .' 9 Calculating Power........ 11 Specifications .......... 12 Care & Cleaning of Optics 13 What to Look For........14 Warranty .....-..-.+-+5+ 16UNPACKING AND ASSEMBLY (Numbers in brackets below refer to Fig. 1) 1) Remove and identify the telescope's components, using the listing on the previous page. 2) Attach the 3 triped legs (2) to the base of the equatorial mount (4), Three bolts (32) each about 3" long, with wash- ers and wing nuts, are provided for this purpose. Stand the telescope mount upright, spreading the tripod legs evenly apart so the accessory tray can be positioned to attach to the 3 leg braces. 3) Attach the accessory tray (1) to the leg brace supports (3) with the provided knob. Place the accessory tray on tap of the leg braces (3) of the tripod so that the mounting screw of the accessory trey (1) passes through the hole at the centre of the leg braces (3). Then thread-on end tighten the tightening knob. 4) Extend the sliding inner portion of the adjustable height tripod leg (30) to the desired length for all 3 legs. Lock in place by tightening the leg ‘ock thumbscrew (31) for each leg 5) Holding the counterweight (18) firmly in one hand, slip the counterweight onto the counterweight shafi (17), Attach the counterweight and counterweight sheft, by supporting the unlocked (20) counterweight firmly in one hand while threading the counterweight shaft into the base of the Declination axis of the telescope's equatorial mount. Once firmly attached, slide the counterweight about 2 inches from the bottom of the counterweight shaft and secure it in place with the locking thumbscrew (20) of the counter- weight 6) Attach the flexible cables (27) and (28), as shown. These cables are secured in place with firm tightening of the thumbscrews located at the attachment ends of each ca- ble. 7) Tit the polar axis (15) of the telescope to roughly 2 45° lali- tude angle with the horizon, as shown in Fig. 1. This tit is accomplished by first loosening the lock control at (24). This leck control is called the "Latitude Adjustment Lock.” With the polar axis thus tilted, firmly re-tighten the latitude control lock. Screw the Latitude Adjustment Stop (34) in piace until it butts up against the internal mount stop. 8) Loosen the tightening knob (29) of the optical tube retain- ing ring (10) and swing the top half of the ring open. Then lay the telescope optical tube assembly into the cradle cre-ated by the bottom half of the ring. Position the tube so that the ring is about half-way down the tube length and rotate the optical tube so that the eyepieces focusing tube is in a comfortable viewing position. Swing the top half of the ring ‘over the optical tube and tighten the tightening knob (29) snugly. See Fig. 1. 9) Attach the viewfinder bracket (7) to the telescope using the 2 chromed nuts provided. The chromed bolts are pre-threaded into the telescope at the viewfinder location. The chromed nuts fit over the 2 chromed bolts at the base ‘of the viewfinder bracket. Adjust the chromed nuts finger tight. 10) Insert the 25mm eyepiece into the focuser drawtube (25). Secure each in place with a moderate tightening of the respective set screws. The telescope is now completely assembled. Before it can be effectively used, however, the viewfinder (8) must be aligned with the main telescope. ALIGNING THE VIEWFINDER The wide field of view provided by the 6 x 30mm viewfinder (8) permits easy object sighting prior to observation in the higher power main telescope. To align the viewlinder, follow this procedure: 1. First remove the front dust cap (33). Then using the lowest power (25mm) eyepiece, point the main telescope at some well defined land target (e.g. the lop of a telephone pole) at least 200 meters away. 2. Look through the viewfinder (8) and tighten or loosen the appropriate viewfinder collimation (alignment) screws (9) located on the finderscope bracket (7), until the cross hairs of the viewfinder are precisely centered on the same object already centered in the main instrument's field of view. 3. With this alignment accomplished, objects located first in the wide field viewfinder will then be centered in the main telescope's field of view. Focusing of objects in the viewfinder is accomplished by tuming the threaded eyepiece of the viewfinder. (Note: The viewfinder presents an image which is upside-down; this is customary in all astronomical viewlinders).BALANCING THE TELESCOPE In order for the telescope to move smoothly on its mechanical axes, it must first be balanced as follows: Note: If the counterweight is positioned as recommended the telescope is already approximately balanced. 4. Loosen the Right Ascersion lock knob (14). With the R.A. lock loosened, the telescope mount will turn freely about the polar axis (15). Rotate the telescope about the polar axis so that the counterweight shaft (17) is parallel to the ‘ground (horizontal). 2. Loosen the counterweight's locking thumb screw and siide the counterweight (18) along the shaft (17) until the telescope remains in any given position without tending to drift down in either rotational direction about the polar axis, Then retighten the counterweight lock screw (20), locking the counterweight in position. The telescope is now balanced. No Causal Pol (sy of Pl). Figure 2: Celetiai Sphere UNDERSTANDING CELESTIAL MOVEMENTS: Undorstanding where to locate celestial objects, and how those objects move across the sky is fundamental to enjoying the hobby of astronomy. Most amateur astronomers adopt the simple practice of "star-hopping” to ccate celestial objects by using star charts or astronomical software which identify bright stars and star paiters (constellations) that serve 2s “road maps" and landmarks" in the sky. These visual reference points guide amateur astronomers in their search for astronomical objects. And, while star-hopping is the preferred technique, a discussion of using setting circles for locatingobjects is desirable since your telescope is provided with this feature. However, be advised, compared to star-hopping, object location by use of setting circles requires a greater investment in time and patience to achieve a more precise alignment of the telescope's polar axis to the celestial pole. For this reason, in part, star-hopping is popular because it is the faster, easier way to become initiated in the hobby. Understanding how astronomical objects move: Due to the Earth's rotation, celestial bodies appear to move from East to West in a curved path through the skies. The path they follow is known as their line of Right Ascension (RA). The angle of this path they follow is know as their line of Declina- tion (Dec.). Right Ascension and Declination is analogous to the Earth based coordinate system of latitude and longitude UNDERSTANDING CELESTIAL COORDINATES Celestial objects are mapped according to the R.A. and Dec. coordinate system on the ‘celestial sphere” the imaginary sphere on which all stars appear to be placed. The Poles of the celestial coordinate system are defined as those 2 points where the Earth's rotational axis, if extended to infinity~ North and South, intersect the celestial sphere. Thus, the North Celestial Pole is that point in the sky where an extension of the Earth's axis through the North Pole intersects the celestial sphere. In fact, this point in the sky is located near the North Star, or Polaris. On the surface of the Earth, “lines of longitude" are drawn between the North and South Poles. Similarly, “lines of lati- tude" are drawn in an East-West direction, parallel to the Earth's equator. The celestial equator is simply a projection of the Earth's equator onto the celestial sphere. Just as on the Surface of the Earth, imaginary lines have been drawn on the celestial sphere to form a coordinate arid. Celestial object positions on the Earth's surface are specified by their latitude and longitude. ‘The celestial equivalent to Earth latitude is celled “Declination,” ‘or simply "Dec," and is measured in degrees, minutes or sec- fonds north ("+") or south (’-") of the celestial equator. Thus any point on the celestial equator (which passes, for example. through the constellations Orion, Virgo and Aquarius) is specified as having 0°0'0". Declination. The Declination of the star Polaris, located very near the North Celestial Pole, is +89.2° The celestial equivalent to Earth longitude is called "Right Ascension,” or "R.A" and is measured in hours, minutes andseconds from an arbitrarily defined -zero” line of RA. passing through the constellation Pegasus. Right Ascension 90r- dinates range from OhrOminOsec up to (but not including) 24hrOminOsec. Thus there are 24 primary lines of RA, located at 15 degree intervals along the celestial equator. Objects located further and further east of the prime (Gh0m0s) Right Ascension atid line carry increasing RA coordinates. With all celestial objects therefore capable of being specified in position by their celestial coordinates of Right Ascension and Declination, the task of finding objects (in particular, faint objects) in the telescope can be simplified. The setting circles, R.A. (16) and Dec. (13) of your telescope may be dialed, in effect, to read the object's coordinates, positioning the object in the vicinity of the telescope's telescopic field of view. However, these setting circles may be used to advantage only if the telescope is first properly aligned with the North Celestial Pole. LINING UP WITH THE CELESTIAL POLE Objects in the sky appear to revolve around the celestial pole. In norther latitudes the North Star (Polaris) approximates the pole. (Actually, celestial objects are essentially "fixed," and their apparent motion is caused by the Earth's axial rotation). During any 24 hour period, stars make one complete revolution about the pole, making concentric circles with the pole at the center. By lining up the telescope's polar axis with the North Celestial Pole (or for observers located in Earth's Souther Hemisphere with the South Celestial Pole), asironomical objects may be followed, or tracked, simply by moving the telescope about one axis, the polar axis. If the telescope is reasonably well aligned with the pole, therefore, very little use of the telescope's Declination flexible cable control Is necessary - virtually all of the required telescope tracking will be in Right Ascension. (if the telescope were perfectly aligned with the pole, no Declination tracking of stellar objects would be required). For the purposes cf casual visual telescopic observations, lining up the telescope’s polar axis to within a degree or two of the pole is more than sufficient: with this level of pointing accuracy, the telescope can track accurately by slowly turning the telescope’s R.A. flexible cable control and keep objects in the telescopic field of view for perhaps 20 to 30 minutes. POLAR ALIGNMENT OF THE EQUATORIAL MOUNT To line up the telescope with the pole, follow this procedure: 1) Release the Azimuth lock (23) of the Azimuth base, so that10 Figure 3: Finding Polaris the entire telescope-with-mounting may be rotated in a horizontal direction. Rotate the telescope until the polar axis (15) points due North, Use a compass or locate Polaris, the North Star (see Fig. 3), as an accurate reference for due North, 2). Level the mount, if necessary, by adjusting the heights of the three tripod legs. 3) Determine the latitude of your observing location by checking a road map or atlas. Release the latitude lock (24) and tit the telescope mount so that the star “Polaris’ is centered in the telescope's viewfinder eyepiece, then retighten the latitude lock (24). If steps (1) - (8) above were performed with reasonable accuracy your telescope is now sufficiently well-aligned to the North Celestial Pole for visual observations. Once the mount has been polar-aligned as described above, the latitude angle need not be adjusted again, unless you move to a different geographical location (i.e. a different latitude). The only polar alignment procedure that need be done each time you use the telescope is to point the polar axis due North, as described in step (1) above. USING YOUR TELESCOPE 1. With the telescope aligned to the Pole, you are now ready to begin observations. A. First, decide on an easy to find object. Land objects, during the daytime are a good way to become accustomed fo the functions and operations of the telescope. At night, try observing the Moon, if itis visible, ora bright star. B Slightly loosen the telescope's R.A. lock (14) and Declination lock (12), located near the Declination setting circle (13). With a slight amount of hand-pressure the telescope should now be able to turn freely on its 2 axes. C. Using the aligned viewfinder, sight-in the object you have chosen. With the object centered on the viewinder's cross hairs, re-tighten the R.A. and Declination locks. D. The object should now be somewhere in the main telescope’s field of view. Next, using the 25mm. eye- piece, precisely center the object in the main telescope's field of view, and sharply focus the image by turning the focus knab (26). The 25mm eyepiece included as stan-4 dard equipment is the best eyepiece to use for the initial finding and centering of any object. This eyepiece pres- ents a bright, wide field of view, ideal for terrestrial and general astronomical observing of star fields, clusters of stars, nebulae, and gelaxies. For lunar and planetary viewing, switch to a higher power eyepiece such as the 9mm - conditions permitting. if the image starts to be- come fuzzy as you work into higher magnifications, then back down to a lower power; the atmospheric steadiness isnot sufficient to support higher powers at the time you are observing. E. Note that the object immediately starts to drift out of the field of view. This motion is caused by the Earth's rotation. To “track’ the object and keep it in the field of view, turn the R.A. slow motion control cable (27). Objects will appear to move through the field more rapidly at higher powers. Note: the Declination flexible cable control (28) is used only for centering purposes, and not for tracking. Avoid touching the eyepiece while observing through the telescope. Vibrations resulting from such contact will cause the image to move. Likewise, avoid observing sites wnere ground-based vibrations may resonate the tripod. Viewing from the upper floors of a building may also introduce image ‘movement. Allow a few minutes for your eyes to become "dark adapted" prior to attempting any serious observations. Use a red-filtored flashlight to protect your night vision when reading star maps, or inspecting components of the telescope. Avoid setting up the telescope inside a room and observing through an open window (or worse yet,a closed window). Images viewed in such a manner may appear blurred or distorted due to temperature differences between inside and outside air. Also, it is a good idea to allow your telescope a chance to reach the embient (surrounding) outside temperature before starting an observing session. Warning! Never attempt to observe the sun through your telescope. Observing the sun, even for the smallest fraction of a second, will cause instant and irreversible eye damage as well as physical damage to the telescope. Certain atmospheric conditions can distort an observed image. Planets, in particular, viewed while low on the horizon often exhibit lack of sharpness-the same object when12 ‘observed higher in the sky will appear to be much better resolved with far greater contrast Also, turbulent air in the upper atmosphere can cause the images to "shimmer" in the eyepiece. Reduce power until the image steadies. Keep in mind that a bright, clearly resolved, but smaller image will show far more interesting detail than a larger, dimmer, fuzzy image. 7. Setting Circles: These dials (13) and (16), Fig. 1, aid in the location of faint celestial objects, perhaps, not easily found by direct visual observation. To use the setting circles, follow this procedure: a. Using a star chart or star atlas, look up the celestial coordinates (Right Ascension and Declination) of an easy to find object, such as a bright star. b. With the telescope aligned to the Pole, center the object in the telescope's field of view. c. Manually turn the R.A. setting circle to read the R.A. of the object now in the telescopic field. d. The setting circles are now calibrated. (Note that the Declination circle is factory pre-calibrated). To locate a faint object using the setting circles, determine the object's celestial coordinates from a star chart and move the telescope in R.A. and Declination until the setting circles read the RA and Declination of the object you are attempting to locate. If the above procedure has been carefully performed, the faint object will now be located in the vicinity of the telescope's telescopic field in a low power eyepiece. e. The RA. circle must be re-calibrated to the R.A. of a known object each time the setting circles are used, which may be several times in one observing session. CALCULATING POWER The power, or magnification, at which a telescope is operating is determined by 2 factors: the optical, or focal, length of the telescope's objective lens and the focal length of the eyepiece. The focel length of this telescope is 900mm. To compute power, divide the focal length of the eyepiece into the focal length of the objective lens. The resulting quotient is the magnifying power of the telescope when used with the eyepiece in question. For example, a Imm eyepiece yields a power of: Power = 900mm | 9mm = 400X13 The letter "K" refers to the "Kellner" optical design which yields well corrected images with reflecting telescopes. The optical design of the eyepiece, however, has no bearing on power. The Barlow lens serves to increase the power of each eyepiece. Insert the 2X Barlow lens into the telescope focuser first, followed by the eyepiece, secure by tightening the respective set screws. For example, a 9mm (100X) eyepiece, when used in conjunction with the 2X Barlow lens, yields 200X. A few words of wisdom about power. While the theoretical power or magnification of a telescope is virtually limitless, there are, however, practical limits imposed by the Earth's atmosphere as to what can be seen well at a given power. A 114mm telescope’s most useful power range is from about 30 to 200 power. The general rule to follow with any telescope, regarding power: only use as much magnification as a steady, well-defined image supports. This often varies with the stability of the air being viewed through and is one reason why having various eyepieces is highly desirable. Higher powers are no guarantee of better images; in fact, the opposite is often true. Also, keep in mind, that land viewing and wide-field, deep-space observation are, generally, low power applications of your telescope. SPECIFICATIONS Focal Length 900mm Mirror Type Aluminised Spherical Aperture (Diameter) 114mm (4.5") firatio £18 Mounting Type German Equatorial Viewfinder 6x30 Eyepiece Diameter 11/4" Supplied Eyepieces K9mm, K15mm & K25mm Barlow Lens 2XCare and Cleaning of Optics Warning: Improper cleaning of optical components may void the warranty. Optical components of a telescope will over time get dirty. The amount of dirt and a al al n tT; r dust collected onto a lens or mirror should only be removed with the utmost care ind this is at times best left to people with experience in this procedure. A consider- ible amount of dirt or dust must be present on the optical surface before one will \otice the effect visually Keeping the dust caps on during storage of the telescope will reduce the amount of dust collected. 2 After using the telescope there might be dew condensation, on the optical surfaces. When the telescope is brought inside remove the dust Caps and al- low the moisture to evaporate naturally. Point the telescope downwards so as to minimize the collection of airborne dust. 3. 4. Once the moisture is gone then replace the dust caps. If you wish to remove dust from the lenses or mirrors you first should try using a can of filtered compressed air. Remove the dust cap and the dew Shield in the case of the refractor style of telescope, or take the mirror cell out of the reflecting type. Once you are able to freely blow across the surface of the optics then begin by first pointing the can away from the piece and gently expel some air. This will remove any condensate in the air can lines and clear off dust that may have accumulated on the discharge tube. Next using short quick bursts of air carefully remove the dust particles. DO NOT HOLD THE TRIGGER OF THE COMPRESSED AIR FOR TOO LONG AS CONDENSATE MIGHT BE BLOWN OUT ACROSS THE OPTICAL SURFACE. If particles still remain after several attempts at removal than the telescope should probably be taken back to the dealer for cleaning. The optics of your telescope should last a long time before they generally re- quire major cleaning. By keeping the dust caps on and avoiding the tempta- tion to handle the lenses or mirrors you will find that very little is needed in the way of optical maintenance.15 What to Look For in the Sky WARNING: DO NOT AIM YOUR TELESCOPE AT THE SUN OR ANYWHERE NEAR THE SUN! INSTANT AND IRREVERSIBLE DAMAGE CAN OCCUR, INCLUDING BLINDNESS! DO NOT LET CHILDREN USE ANY TELESCOPE WITHOUT ADULT SUPERVISION AT ANY TIME THE SUN IS ABOVE THE HORIZON. There is a whole universe of objects to be seen in the night sky so where does one start? Well lets examine the most visible objects first. The Moon. The moon is the easiest target to find in the night. When it is in the full position, when the entire face is lit, then it bathes the night with a silvery light washing out the rest of the sky from all but the brightest objects. The best time to view the moon is actually not when it is full but rather anytime up to the first quarter, this is when the face appears to be half lit up. The terminator on the mocn, the dividing line between dark and light, shows the best features such as craters and mountains. The Planets The planets are our solar system companions. These range in size from moon size rocky bodies to giant gas balls which could hold 1000 Earths. To find the planets re- quires some information as to when they are visible. An astronomy magazine such as SkyNews or Sky and Telescope, will give you the locations of the planets from month to month. Most people who have looked up at night have probably seen some planets but did not realize it. A planet, when it is well clear of the horizon will not twinkle as do the stars. They are resolved by the eye as tiny balls as opposed to the stars which are infinitely small points of light. The easiest planets to view, when they are visible, are Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Satum, Uranus and Neptune. Mercury is an object to look for but it is usually below the horizon and often Is a challenge to find. Pluto is too small for most telescopes below 10" so do not worry about finding it at this time. Each of the planets has its own interesting views. Venus |s covered with clouds so all we see is an extremely bright light, the brightest next to the moon, however it like our moon goes through phases. In other words the planet surface will, as it travels around the sun, appear to have different amounts of it lit up. This gives the planet varying crescent shapes, as if a bite were taken out of it. Mars is the red planet. It is very noticeably red when rising above the horizon and stands out like a beacon in the night sky. The apparent brightness of Mars varies as the planet orbits around the sun so throughout its time being visible to us it will brighten and dim depending on how our two planets are aligned relative to each other.Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system. It is the second brightest planet next to Venus. Jupiter also has moons of which 4 are easily visible through a telescope. In fact as you watch them throughout the evening you will see that they change their positions relative to each other and to Jupiter. It is possible with careful planning to actually see one of the moons disappear either in front of, or behind Jupiter as they travel around their planet. Another great feature of Jupiter is the cloud belt pattern. Jupiter is alive with weather activity and the planet's clouds have formed in time into belts which are visible to telescopes, when our skies allow it. Saturn, the second largest planet, is not as bright as Jupiter and its moons are not as visible through small telescopes. However it has very large rings that encircle the planet which are spectacular. The planet appears as a pale yellow, as do the rings but one can spend hours looking at these. The major division in the rings, the Cas- sini division, is possible to see in a small telescope if the viewing is steady. Uranus and Neptune are the last of the solar system gas giants. They do not yield up spectacular sights like Jupiter or Saturn, however they are part of our family and are rewarding to see as they can be a challenge to find. Beyond our solar system there lies a multitude of objects to be found. Galaxies, nebulae and star clusters aboundCERTIFICATE OF LIMITED WARRANTY Orbitor telescopes are distributed and warranted by M.Q.P. Canada Inc. M.QP. Canada Inc. warrants your new telescope for a period of (One) 1 year from the date of purchase, to be free from defects in material and workmanship, and that said limited warranty entitles you to return your telescope for repair or replacement (at our option). This warranty shall be limited to the product for defects which were not caused by misuse, abuse, improper handling, tampering or attempts to repair by the owner or any unauthorized repair service or repairman. This warranty is limited solely to the above and applies only for the period set forth. We will not be liable for any loss or damage, incidental or consequential of any kind, whether based on warranty, con- tract or negligence arising in connection with the sale, use or repair of the product. Our maximum liability shall not in any case exceed the sale price of the defective praduct. This warranty gives you specific legal rights and may vary from province to province. If any product covered by this warranty shall require service or non-warranty repair: 1.Contact MQP and explain your problem. Ask for a “Return Merchandise Authoriza- i RMA") number. Carefully package your product to avoid shipping damage: use a thick-walled carton box for mailing. The RMA number you obtained must be clearly written on the outside of the box otherwise it will not be accepted by the M.Q.P. Service Department. 2.Enclose a written statement detailing the exact nature of the service required. Be sure to include your name, address, plus daytime and evening telephone numbers. 3. Enclose your cheque or money order for $15.00 plus applicable G.S.T or H.S.T. to cover handling, shipping costs and insurance, along with original receipt of pur- chase. Non-warranty repairs may entail additional charges which will be con- firmed with you before any repairs are initiated. - Insure the package and send your product to M.Q.P. Canada Inc. x M.Q.P. Canada Inc. Mer: 4111 Flint Road, Unit 29 “ve Toronto, Ontario M3J 3C7 Phone Toll Free: 1-888-370-5555 Fax: (416) 667-0160 e-mail: [email protected]