Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 6

Coordinate Geometry

(1 4)2 + (2 6)2
1. (a) AB = ABBBBBBBBBBBB
9 + 16

= ABBBBB

= 5 units

16
PQ = ABB
2
2
ABB
A BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
(a 2) + [(a + 1) + 1] = 16

3.

(a 2)2 + (a + 2)2 = 16
a2 4a + 4 + a2 + 4a + 4 = 16
2a2 + 8 = 16

a2 = 4

a = 2

(1 + 3)2 + (2 4)2
(b) PQ = ABBBBBBBBBBBBB
16 + 36
= ABBBBBB
52 units
= ABB

(3 + 1)2 + (4 2)2
(c) RS = ABBBBBBBBBBBBB
4+4
= ABBBB
= AB
8 units

4.
AC = AB
2
(p + 1) + (2 2)2 = ABBBBBBBBBBBB
(3 + 1)2 + (5 2)2
ABBBBBBBBBBBBB
(p + 1)2 + 16 = 16 + 9
(p + 1)2 = 9

p + 1 = 3

p = 3 1
= 4, 2

(1 4)2 + (0 + 5)2
(d) UW = ABBBBBBBBBBBBB
25 + 25
= ABBBBBB
50 units
= ABB

Since C is in the quadrant IV, therefore p = 2.

(2 2)2 + (0 5)2
(e) CD = ABBBBBBBBBBBB
0 + 25
= ABBBBB
= 5 units

1 + 5 ,
3+7
5. (a) Midpoint of AB =
2
2

= (3, 5)

(0 3) + (4 + 4)
(f) EF = ABBBBBBBBBBBBB
ABBBB
= 9 + 0
= 3 units
2

(g) GH =
=

1 + 9 ,
51
(b) Midpoint of CD =
2
2

= (4, 2)

2 4 ,
3+5
(c) Midpoint of EF =
2
2

= (3, 4)

1
2
ABBBBBBBBBBBBBB
1 2
ABBBBBBBBBB
1

4 + (5 + 0.3)2
2
2

7 2
+ (4.7)2
2

34.34
= ABBBB
= 5.86 units

8 2 ,
10 6
(d) Midpoint of GH =
2
2

= (5, 8)

10
2.
AB = ABB
2
BBBBBBBBBBBB
1) + (y 3)2 = ABB
10
A(2

1 + (y 3)2 =
(y 3)2 =

y 3 =

y =

y =

0 + 8 ,
42
(e) Midpoint of IJ =
2
2

= (4, 1)

10
9
3
3 + 3
0, 6

1
8
3 ,
0.6 + 6
(f) Midpoint of KL =
2
2
25

= , 3.3
6

1
1

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 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 6

6.
Midpoint of AB = (3, 4)

12. (a)

1 + 5 ,
t + 2 = (3, 4)

2
2
t + 2 = 4

\
2

t + 2 = 8

t = 6

1(1) + 2(4) 1(0) + 2(5)

(x, y) = ,
2+1
2+1
10
= 3,
3
10

The coordinates of P are 3, .
3
(b)

t 4 = 3

2
t 4 = 6
t = 10

and

5 11
= ,
3 3

5 11
The coordinates of P are , .
3 3

(d)
1 0)
B( ,
2

2
1

P(x, y)

A(3, 2)
B(6, 10)

1
1
1
1 + (3) 1(0) + (2)
2
2
2
(x, y) = ,
1
1
+1
+1
2
2
2
2
= ,
3
3

A(2, 4)

nx1 + mx2 ny1 + my2

(x, y) =
,
m+n
m+n
2(2) + 1(6) 2(4) + 1(10)
= ,
1+2
1+2
10
= , 6
3

10
The coordinates of P are , 6 .
3

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1
A(, 4)
2

1 2

P(x, y)

P(x, y)

1
1(6) + 2
1(3) + 2(4)
2
(x, y) = ,
1+2
1+2

B(6, 3)

The coordinates of C are (9, 6).

2 + y
= 2
2
2 + y = 4

y = 6

+4
2
1 + 0.2 ,
10. (p, q) =
2
2
9
= 0.4,
4
9
Hence, p = 0.4, q =
4

and

11.

3(1) + 2(3) 3(5) + 2(1)

(x, y) = ,
2+3
2+3
13
3
= ,
5 5
3 13

The coordinates of P are , .
5 5
(c)

1 + 3 and t =
46
\ s =
2
2

= 1 = 1
2 + y
1 + x ,
= (4, 2)
1
2
2 2

B(3, 1)

P(x, y)

1 + 3 ,
4 6 = (s, t)
1
2
2 2

A(1, 5)

8. PQ = QR,
that is, Q(s, t) is the midpoint of PR.

1 + x = 4
\
2
1 + x = 8

x = 9

2 + r ,
t 4 = (1, 3)
1
2
2
2
2 + r = 1
\
2
2 + r = 2

r = 0

B(4, 5)

P(x, y)

A(1, 0)

7.
Midpoint of PQ = (1, 3)

9.

2
2
The coordinates of P are , .
3
3

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 6

(b) Area of ABC

1 1 4 5 1
=
2 3 2 6 3
1
= (2 + 24 + 15) (12 10 6)
2
1
= 41 + 4
2
45
= unit2
2

QR
1
=
RS
3
3QR = RS
\ QR : QS = 1 : 2

13.

2
1

S(2, 5)

Q(x, y)

R(1, 4)

2(1) + 1(2) 2(4) + 1(5)

(x, y) = ,
1+2
1+2
13
= 0,
3
13
The coordinates of Q are 0, .
3

1
1

(c) Area of ABC

1 0 4 2 0
=
2 1 3 5 1
1
= (0 20 + 2) (4 + 6 + 0)
2
1
= 18 2
2
1
= 20
2
1
= (20)
2

= 10 unit2

1
PS = RS
3
PS
1
=

RS
3
\ PS : PR = 1 : 2

14.

S(0, 8)

1
2

P(x, y)

1 2

1
= , 4
6

15.

A(1, 5)

1 1 4 3 2 1
=
2 2 5 6 3 2
1
= (5 + 24 + 9 + 4) (8 + 15 + 12 + 3)
2
1
= 42 38
2

= 2 unit2

2
Q(2, 3)

1
B(x, y)

1(1) + 2(x) 1(5) + 2(y)

(2, 3) = ,
2+1
2+1

1 + 2x
\ = 2
3
7

x =
2

7
The coordinates of B are , 2 .
2

1 0 1 3 0
16. (a) Area of ABC =
2 4 2 5 4
1

= (0 + 5 + 12) (4 + 6 + 0)
2
1

= 17 10
2
7

= unit2
2

(b) Area of ABCD

1 1 2 3 2 1
=
2 1 1 5 7 1
1
= (1 + 10 + 21 + 2) (2 3 10 7)
2
1

= 34 + 22
2

= 28 unit2

5 + 2y
= 3
3

y = 2

and

17. (a) Area of ABCD

1
The coordinates of P are , 4 .
6

(d) Area of ABC

1 1 2 3 1
=
2 2 4 6 2
1
= (4 + 12 + 6) (4 + 12 + 6)
2

= 0 unit2

1 4)
R( ,
2

1
2(0) + 1
2(8) + 1(4)
2
(x, y) = ,
1+2
1+2

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 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 6

(c) Area of ABCD

1 0 1 2 3 0
=
2 3 4 1 1 3
1
= (0 + 1 + 2 9) (3 8 + 3 0)
2
1
= 6 + 8
2
1
= 2
2

= 1 unit2

21. (a) y = 2x + 1
When x = 0, y = 2(0) + 1
= 1
When y = 0, 0 = 2x + 1
1

x =
2
1

\ x-intercept = ; y-intercept = 1.
2

(b) 2x y + 3 = 0
When x = 0, 0 y + 3 = 0

y = 3
When y = 0, 2x 0 + 3 = 0

(d) Area of ABCD

1 0 1 2 3 0
=
2 1 3 5 7 1
1
= (0 + 5 + 14 + 3) (1 + 6 + 15 + 0)
2
1
= 22 22
2

= 0 unit2

64
22. (a) Gradient =
23

= 2
25
(b) Gradient =
43

= 3

4 2
(c) Gradient =
3 (1)
6

=
4
3

=
2

13
Area of OBC =
2
0 3 x 0
13
1

=
2
2 0 2 5 0

19.

(0 + 15 + 0) (0 + 2x + 0) = 13

15 2x = 13

3 0
(d) Gradient =
4 (5)

= 3

15 2x = 13
or 15 2x = 13
2x = 15 13
2x = 15 + 13

x = 1
x = 14

y-intercept
23. (a) Gradient =
x-intercept
3

=
2
2
(b) Gradient =
3
2

=
3
4
(c) Gradient =
2

3
3

= 4
2

= 6

20. Area of PQRS

1 0 1 2 3 0
=
2 1 4 7 10 1
1
= (0 + 7 + 20 + 3) (1 + 8 + 21 + 0)
2
1
= 30 30
2
= 0 unit2
Since the area is zero, therefore P, Q, R and S are
collinear.

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3
\ x-intercept = ; y-intercept = 3.
2

x
y
(c) + = 2
2
3
x
y

+ = 1
4
6

\ x-intercept = 4; y-intercept = 6

1 1 2 3 1
18. Area of PQR =
2 3 6 9 3
1

= (6 + 18 + 9) (6 + 18 + 9)
2

= 0 unit2
Since the area is zero, therefore the points P, Q and
R are collinear.

3
x =
2

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 6

(c) The equation of line AB is

y5
2 5

=
0 (1)
x (1)
y5
= 7
x+1
y 5 = 7(x + 1)
= 7x 7
7x + y + 2 = 0

x
y
(d) = 2
2
5
x
y

= 1
4
10

10
Gradient =
4
5

=
2

x
y
1
(e) + =
4
3
2
x
y
1
2 + = 2
4
3
2
x
2y
+ = 1

2
3
3

2

Gradient =
2
3

=
4

26. (a) The equation of the straight line is

y
x

+ = 1
y-intercept
x-intercept
y
x

+ = 1
4
3
y
x
(b) + = 1
1
3
x
y = 1
3
y
x

(c)
+
= 1
2
1
y

x = 1
2

1 2

24. (a) The equation of the straight line is

y 2 = 4(x 1)
y = 4x 4 + 2
y = 4x 2

y
x

(d)
+ = 1
1
4

2
y
2x = 1
4

(b) The equation of the straight line is

y 3 = 4(x + 1)
y = 4x 4 + 3
y = 4x 1
(c) The equation of the straight line is
1

y + 6 = (x 2)
4
1
1
y = x 6
4
2
1
13
y = x
4
2

27. (a) y = 3x + 1
Gradient, m = 3

y-intercept = 1
When y = 0, 0 = 3x + 1
1

x =
3
1

\ x-intercept =
3
(b) 2y = 4x 3
3

y = 2x
2
Gradient, m = 2
3

y-intercept =
2
3
When y = 0, 2x =
2
3

x =
4
3

\ x-intercept =
4
(c) 2x + y = 5
y = 2x + 5

Gradient , m = 2
y-intercept = 5
When y = 0, 2x = 5
5

x =
2
5

\ x-intercept =
2

25. (a) The equation of line AB is

y1
41
=
32
x2
= 3
y 1 = 3(x 2)
= 3x 6
3x y 5 = 0
(b) The equation of line AB is
y (3)
5 (3)
=

1 (2)
x (2)
y+3
= 2
x+2
y + 3 = 2(x + 2)
= 2x 4
2x + y + 7 = 0

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 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 6

1
(d) 2y x + 5 = 0
2
1
2y = x 5
2
1
5
y = x
4
2
1
Gradient, m =
4
5
y-intercept =
2
1
5
When y = 0, x =
4
2

x = 10

\ x-intercept = 10

29. (a) y = 3x 1........................ 1

y = 4x + 5........................ 2

1 = 2, 3x 1 = 4x + 5

4x 3x = 1 5

x = 6

Substitute x = 6 into 1,
y = 3(6) 1
= 19

\ Point of intersection = (6, 19)
(b)
x + 2y = 1.................................... 1
x

4 = 3y.................................. 2
2

2 2, x 8 = 6y

x 6y = 8..................... 3

y
x
(e) + = 1
3
2

3
Gradient , m =
2
x-intercept = 2
y-intercept = 3

3 1, 8y = 7

7
y =
8

1
1

(f)
x y + 4 = 0
2
3
1
1
x y = 4
2
3

7
Substitute y = into 1,
8
7

x + 2 = 1
8
7

x = 1 +
4
11
=
4

1
1

x
y
2
3 =


4
4
y
x
+ =
12
8

1 3, 6x + 9y = 15................. 3
3 2, 11y = 16
16

y =
11
16
Substitute y = into 1,
11
16
2x + 3 = 5
11
48

2x = 5
11
7
=
11
7

x =
22
7 16

\ Point of intersection ,
22 11

1 2

y
x

= + 1
3
2
y
x
6 = 6 + 1
3
2

3x = 2y + 6
3x 2y 6 = 0
(b)

x+1

=
3
4(x + 1) =
4x + 4 =
4x 3y + 4 =
(c)

30. (a) y = 2x 1

\ Gradient = 2

4
3y
3y
0

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28. (a)
2y = 3x 1
3x 2y 1 = 0

11
7
\ Point of intersection = ,
4
8

(c) 2x + 3y = 5................................... 1
6x 2y = 1................................. 2

12
Gradient, m =
8
3

=
2

\ x-intercept = 8
y-intercept = 12

1 2

2y = 4x + 3
3
y = 2x +
2

\ Gradient = 2

Hence, the two lines are parallel.

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 6

(b) 3x y + 4 = 0

y = 3x + 4

\ Gradient = 3

3y kx 4 = 0

3y = kx + 4
k
4

y = x +
3
3
k

\ Gradient =
3

Since the two lines are parallel,
k

\ = 2
3
k = 6

3x + y 5 = 0

y = 3x + 5

\ Gradient = 3

Hence, the two lines are not parallel.

y
x
(c) + = 1
3
2

3
\ Gradient =
2
2y = 3x 5
3
5

y = x
2
2
3

\ Gradient =
2

Hence, the two lines are parallel.

32. (a) y = 3x 6

\ Gradient = 3

The equation for the parallel line is
y 2 = 3(x 1)
y = 3x 3 + 2
y = 3x 1
(b) 2y = 4x + 3
3

y = 2x +
2

\ Gradient = 2

31. (a) y = 3x 1

\ Gradient = 3

The equation for the parallel line is

y 3 = 2(x + 1)
y = 2x + 2 + 3
y = 2x + 5

y = kx + 4

\ Gradient = k

Since the two lines are parallel,

\ k = 3

(c) 4x y + 1 = 0

y = 4x + 1

\ Gradient = 4

(b) y = 4x + 3

\ Gradient = 4
k
y = x 5
2
k

\ Gradient =
2

Since the two lines are parallel,
k

\ = 4
2
k = 8

The equation for the parallel line is

y + 2 = 4(x 0)
y = 4x 2
y
x = 1
(d)
2
6

6
\ Gradient =
2

=3

(c)
x + 2y = 4

1x+2
y =
2
1

\ Gradient =
2
y 2kx + 3 = 0

y = 2kx 3

\ Gradient = 2k

The equation for the parallel line is
y + 3 = 3(x + 1)
y = 3x + 3 3
y = 3x
33. (a) y = 4x 1

\ Gradient = 4

Since the two lines are parallel,

1

\ 2k =
2
1
k =
4
y
x
(d) + = 0
4
2
4

\ Gradient =
2

= 2

1x+3
y =
4

1
\ Gradient =
4
1
m1 m2 = (4)
4

= 1

\ The two lines are perpendicular.

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 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 6

(b) 2y = 6x + 5
5

y = 3x +
2

\ Gradient = 3

34. (a) y = kx 1

\ Gradient = k

y = 4x + 3

\ Gradient = 4

1x4
y =
3
1

\ Gradient =
3

m1 m2 = 1
(4)(k) = 1
1
k =
4
(b) 2x + ky = 1
ky = 2x + 1
2
1
y = x +
k
k
2

\ Gradient =
k
1
y = x 1
6
1

\ Gradient =
6
m1 m2 = 1
2 1

= 1
k 6
1
= 1
3k

3k = 1
1

k =
3
(c) 2y + 4kx = 3
2y = 4kx + 3
3
y = 2kx +
2

\ Gradient = 2k

1
m1 m2 = (3)
3

= 1

\ The two lines are perpendicular.

1 2

(c)
x + 2y = 5
2y = x + 5
1
5
y = x +
2
2
1

\ Gradient =
2
2y 4x = 7
2y = 4x + 7
7
y = 2x +
2

\ Gradient = 2

1 (2)
m1 m2 =
2

= 1

\ The two lines are perpendicular.

(d)
x y = 8
y = x 8

\ Gradient = 1

2x + y = 1
y = 2x + 1

\ Gradient = 2

y
x +=1

2
6
6

\ Gradient =
2

= 3

m1 m2 = (1)(2)

= 2

\ The two lines are not perpendicular.

m1 m2 = 1
(2k)(3) = 1
6k = 1

y
x =1
(e)
2
4
4

\ Gradient =
2

=2

1
\ Gradient =
3

1
m1 m2 = (2)
3
2

=
3

\ The two lines are not perpendicular.

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1
k =
6

(d)
kx + 2y = 5
2
1
2y = kx +
2
1

y = kx +
4
1

\ Gradient = k
4
4x + 3y = 6
3y = 4x + 6
4
y = x + 2
3
4

\ Gradient =
3

3y = x + 6
1

y = x + 2
3

21 2

5
5

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 6

m1 m2 = 1

The equation of the line is

y + 5 = 3(x + 2)
y = 3x + 6 5
y = 3x + 1

1 14 k21 43 2 = 1

k = 1

3
k = 3

37. 2x y = 4

y = 2x 4
\ Gradient = 2

35. (a) y = 4x 1

\ Gradient = 4

The equation of the line is

y 2 = 2(x + 1)
y = 2x + 2 + 2
y = 2x + 4

The equation of the perpendicular line is

1

y 3 = (x 1)
4
1
1
y = x + + 3
4
4
1
13
y = x +
4
4

6 (3)
38. Gradient of AB =
5 (1)
9
=
6
3
=
2
2
Gradient of PQ =
3

1x+4
(b) y =
2
1

\ Gradient =
2

The equation of the perpendicular line is
y 2 = 2(x + 1)
y = 2x + 2 + 2
y = 2x + 4

The equation of line PQ is

2
y 6 = (x 5)
3
2
10
y = x + + 6
3
3
2
28

y = x +
3
3

(c) 2x y = 2
y = 2x 2

\ Gradient = 2

The equation of the perpendicular line is

1
y + 3 = (x 0)
2
1
y = x 3
2
y
x
(d) + = 1
3
4
4

\ Gradient =
3

The equation of the perpendicular line is
3
y + 2 = (x + 1)
4
3
3
y = x + 2
4
4
3
5
y = x
4
4

39. (a) The equation of locus is

(x 0)2 + (y 0)2 = 2
ABBBBBBBBBBBB


x2 + y2 = 4

x2 + y2 4 = 0
(b) The equation of locus is
ABBBBBBBBBBBB
(x 1)2 + (y 2)2 = 3


(x 1)2 + (y 2)2 = 9

x2 2x + 1 + y2 4y + 4 9 = 0
x2 + y2 2x 4y 4 = 0

36. y = 2x 1............................................. 1
y = 4x + 3............................................ 2

(c) The equation of locus is

ABBBBBBBBBBBB
(x + 1)2 + (y 3)2 = 4


(x + 1)2 + (y 3)2 = 16
2

x + 2x + 1 + y2 6y + 9 16 = 0
x2 + y2 + 2x 6y 6 = 0
PA
= 1
PB

PA = PB
ABBBBBBBBBBBB
(x 0)2 + (y 1)2 = ABBBBBBBBBBBB
(x 2)2 + (y 3)2

x2 + (y 1)2 = (x 2)2 + (y 3)2
x2 + y2 2y + 1 = x2 4x + 4 + y2 6y + 9
4x + 4y 12 = 0

x + y 3 = 0

Hence, the equation of locus is x + y 3 = 0.

40. (a)

1 = 2, 2x 1 = 4x + 3
2x = 4

x = 2

Substitute x = 2 into 1,
y = 2(2) 1
= 5
\ Point of intersection = (2, 5)

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 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 6

Substitute x = 10 into 3,

y = 10
The points of intersection are (10, 10) and (10, 10).

PA
1
=
2
PB

PB = 2PA
(x + 2)2 + (y 3)2 = 2ABBBBBBBBBBB
(x 1)2 + (y 2)2
ABBBBBBBBBBB
2
2
(x + 2) + (y 3) = 4[(x 1)2 + (y 2)2]

x2 + 4x + 4 + y2 6y + 9 = 4(x2 2x + 1 + y2 4y + 4)
= 4x2 8x + 4 + 4y2 16y + 16
3x2 + 3y2 12x 10y + 7 = 0
(b)

44.

5 units
0

Hence, the equation of locus is
3x2 + 3y2 12x 10y + 7 = 0.
(c)

The equations of locus are y = 5 and y = 5.

2
PA

=
3
PB
3PA = 2PB
(x + 1)2 + (y 4)2 = 2ABBBBBBBBBBBB
(x + 2)2 + (y + 3)2
3ABBBBBBBBBBB
9[(x + 1)2 + (y 4)2] = 4[(x + 2)2 + (y + 3)2]

45.

9(x2 + 2x + 1 + y2 8y + 16)

= 4(x2 + 4x + 4 + y2 + 6y + 9)

PA = y
ABBBBBBBBBBBB
(x 1)2 + (y 2)2 = y

(x 1)2 + (y 2)2 = y2
x2 2x + 1 + y2 4y + 4 y2 = 0

x2 2x 4y + 5 = 0
The equation of the locus of P is x2 2x 4y + 5 = 0.

5x2 + 5y2 + 2x 96y + 101 = 0

The equation of locus is
5x2 + 5y2 + 2x 96y + 101 = 0.

41. Substitute y = 0 into x2 + y2 = 4,

x2 = 4

x = 2
The points of intersection are (2, 0) and (2, 0).

1. (a)

42.
PA = PO
ABBBBBBBBBBBB
(x 1)2 + (y 2)2 = ABBBBB
x2 + y2

(x 1)2 + (y 2)2 = x2 + y2
x2 2x + 1 + y2 4y + 4 = x2 + y2
2x + 4y 5 = 0
The equation of locus P is 2x + 4y 5 = 0.

B(5, 8)
T(2, t)
A(1, 4)

Gradient TB =
t 8 =

25
t 8 =

3

When x = 0, 4y 5 = 0
5

y =
4
5
\ y-intercept =
4
When y = 0, 2x 5 = 0
5

x =
2
5
\ x-intercept =
2

(b)

Gradient AB
8 (4)
5 (1)
12
6
t 8 = 12 (3)
6
t 8 = 6
t = 2
2
1

43.
x2 + y2 200 = 0.................................. 1

y x = 0.................................. 2
From 2, y = x..................................... 3

A(1, 4)

B(5, 8)

P(x, y)

(x, y) = 1 5 + 2(1) , 1 8 + 2(4)

1+2
1+2
5

2
8

8
=
,
3
3

= (1, 0)
The coordinates of P are (1, 0).

Substitute 3 into 1,
x2 + x2 200 = 0
2x2 = 200

x2 = 100

x = 10

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P(x, y)

A(1, 2)

9x + 18x + 9 + 9y 72y + 144

= 4x2 + 16x + 16 + 4y2 + 24y + 36
2

5 units

10

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 6

2. y = mx c
\ Gradient = m

2y + 5(6) = 3

2+5
2y + 30 = 21

2y = 9

y = (3 c)x + m
\ Gradient = 3 c

1
c = 3 +
m

1 x + 2 = 2x + 1
1 = 2,
2
1
x + 2x = 1 2

2
5

x = 1
2
2

x =
5

2 into 2,
Substitute x =
5
2
y = 2 + 1
5
9

=
5

9
2 ,
The coordinates of Q are
.
5 5

Gradient of AB = 6 3
2 0

= 3
2

Gradient of the straight line that perpendicular to
AB is 3 .
2

Equation of straight line that perpendicular to AB
and passes through point B is y = 2 x + 3.
3
(b) A(2, 6)

6.

x x x x
1 1 2 3 1 = 8

2 y y y y
1
2
3
1

1 4
1

2 3 h

2 1

= 8

1 [(h + 0 + 6) (12 + 2h + 0)] = 8

2

h + 6 12 2h = 16

3h 6 = 16

3h = 16 + 6

B(0, 3)

3h = 16 + 6 , 3h = 16 + 6
3h = 22
, 3h = 10
22
10
h =
h =
3
3
10
=
3

2x + 5(2) = 0

2+5
2x 10 = 0

x = 5

The equation of line PQ is

1
y = x + 2....................................1
2
y = 2x + 1....................................2

4. (a) 2y = 3x + 6
When
x = 0,
2y = 6
y = 3

\ B(0, 3)

The coordinates of C are 5, 9 .

2

5. y = 2x + 1
\ Gradient of QR = 2
1
Gradient of PQ =
2

3. 2x + 4y 1 = 0
4y = 2x + 1
1
1

y = x +
2
4
1
\ Gradient =
2
y
x
= 1
6
3
y
x
+ = 1
6
3
6
\ Gradient =
3

=2
1
m1 m2 = (2)
2

= 1
The two straight lines are perpendicular to each
other.

y = 9
2

m1 m2 = 1
(m)(3 c) = 1
1

3 c =
m

C(x, y)

11

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 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 6

20
Gradient of BC =
36
2

=
3
3

\ Gradient of CE =
2

y
x + = 1.
7. (a) The equation of PQ is
8
4
(b)
1
S(x, y)

Q(0, 8)

P(4, 0)

Let the coordinates of E be (0, y1).

y1 0
3

=
2
06
3
y1 = (6)
2
y1 = 9

1(4) + 3(0) 1(0) + 3(8)

(x, y) = , )
3+1
3+1

= (1, 6)

The coordinates of S are (1, 6).

y
x + = 1
(c)
8
4

8

\ Gradient of PQ =
4

=2
1

\ Gradient of RS =
2

Let the coordinates of R be (x1, 0).
06
1
=

x1 (1)
2
6
1
=

x1 (1)
2
x1 + 1 = 12
x1 = 11

9. (a) (i)
x + 2y 6 = 0
2y = x + 6
1

y = x + 3
2
1
\ Gradient of PQ =
2
Gradient of RQ = 2

The equation of line RQ is
y + 3 = 2(x 1)
y = 2x 2 3
y = 2x 5
(ii)
y = 2x 5................... 1

x + 2y 6 = 0............................ 2

Hence, the x-intercept of RS is 11.

(6 3)2 + (0 2)2
8. (a) (i) Radius of the circle = ABBBBBBBBBBBB
9+4

= ABBBB
13 units

= ABB

Substitute 1 into 2,

x + 2(2x 5) 6 = 0

x + 4x 10 6 = 0

5x = 16
16

x =
5

13
PB = ABB
2
ABBBBBBBBBBBB
(x 3) + (y 2) = ABB
13


(x 3)2 + (y 2)2 = 13

x2 6x + 9 + y2 4y + 4 13 = 0

x2 + y2 6x 4y = 0

1 69
Area of COE =
2
= 27 unit2

16
Substitute x = into 1,
5
16
y = 2 5
5
7
=
5
16 7

The coordinates of Q are , .
5 5

The equation of the locus of point P is
x2 + y2 6x 4y = 0.

1 2

(ii) Substitute D(t, 4) into the equation of locus,

t2 + 42 6t 4(4) = 0

t2 6t = 0

t(t 6) = 0

t = 0 or t 6 = 0

t = 6
y
(b)

(b)

S(x, y)
3

B(3, 2)
O

C(6, 0)

R(1, 3)

E(0, y1)

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16 )
7
Q(,
5 5

12

3(3) + 2y

16

3(1) + 2x
7
, = , 2
1
2+3
5 52 1 2+3
3 + 2x 2y 9
= ,
5
5

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 6

AB = 2BC
5
BC = units
2

2y 9
16
3 + 2x
7

\ = and
=
5
5
5
5

3 + 2x = 16
2y 9 = 7
13
y = 8
x =
2
13

The coordinates of S are , 8 .
2

2.
AB = 16
BBBBBBBBBBBB
+ 1)2 + (4 3)2 = 16
A(k
(k + 1)2 + 1 = 256
(k + 1)2 = 255
255

k + 1 = ABBB

(c)
RM = 3
(x 1)2 + (y + 3)2 = 3
ABBBBBBBBBBBB
(x 1)2 + (y + 3)2 = 9

x2 2x + 1 + y2 + 6y + 9 = 9
x2 + y2 2x + 6y + 1 = 0

255 1, ABBB
255 1
= ABBB

The equation of the locus of point M is

x2 + y2 2x + 6y + 1 = 0.

10. (a) Area of ABC

1 0 2 2 0
=
2 3 1 4 3
1
= (0 + 8 + 6) (6 + 2 + 0)
2
1
= 14 + 4
2

= 9 unit2
3(2) + 1(2) 3(4) + 1(1)
(b) D = ,
1+3
1+3
11
= 1,
4

3. E is the midpoint of AC.

1 + 7 ,
2+6
E =
2
2
= (4, 4)

255 1
k = ABBB

4.
2
1
A(2, 0)

C(x, y)

B(0, 4)

AB : AC = 1 : 3
\ AB : BC = 1 : 2

2(2) + 1(x) 2(0) + 1(y)

(0, 4) = ,
1+2
1+2
x4 y
= ,
3
3
y
x

4
\ = 0 and = 4
3
3

x = 4
y = 12
The coordinates of C are (4, 12).

(c) (i)
PA = 2PC
(x + 2)2 + (y 4)2 = 2ABBBBBBBBBBBB
(x 2)2 + (y + 1)2
ABBBBBBBBBBBB
2
2
(x + 2) + (y 4) = 4[(x 2)2 + (y + 1)2]

1
1

x2 + 4x + 4 + y2 8y + 16

= 4[x2 4x + 4 + y2 + 2y + 1]

= 4x2 16x + 16 + 4y2 + 8y + 4
3x2 + 3y2 20x + 16y = 0

The equation of the locus of point P is
3x2 + 3y2 20x + 16y = 0.

5. Let the coordinates of D be (0, y).

Gradient of CD = Gradient of AC
y6
61
=
03
3 (2)
y 6 = 3(1)

y = 3

(ii) Assume the locus intersects the x-axis,

substitute y = 0 into the equation of locus.
3x2 20x = 0

x(3x 20) = 0
20

x = 0, x =
3

Hence, the locus intersects the x-axis at two
points.

0 5 3 0
1
Area of BCD =
2 3 2 6 3
1
= (0 + 30 + 9) (15 + 6 + 0)
2
1
= 39 21
2

= 9 unit2

(5 1)2 + (5 2)2
1. AB = ABBBBBBBBBBBB
16 + 9
= ABBBBB
= 5 units
13

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 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 6

6. Area of quadrilateral PQRS

1 0 5 2 1 0
=
2 3 2 6 1 3
1
= (0 + 30 + 2 + 3) (15 4 6 + 0)
2
1
= 35 + 25
2
= 30 unit2

7.

(b) y = x 2............................. 1
2x y = 4..................................... 2

Substitute 1 into 2,
2x (x 2) = 4
2x + x + 2 = 4

3x = 2
2

x =
3
2
Substitute x = into 1,
3
2
y = 2
3
8
=
3

Area of ABC = 16
1
0 k 1
1

= 16
2 2 3 4 2

1 2

(3 + 0 + 2k) (0 + 3k 4) = 32

1 k = 32

1 k = 32 or 1 k = 32

k = 31
k = 33

11. (a)
PA = 5
ABBBBBBBBBBBB
(x + 1)2 + (y 2)2 = 5


(x + 1)2 + (y 2)2 = 25
x2 + 2x + 1 + y2 4y + 4 25 = 0

x2 + y2 + 2x 4y 20 = 0

5 (1)
8. (a) Gradient =
3 (3)

=1

The equation of line ABCD is

y 5 = 1(x 3)
y = x 3 + 5
y = x + 2
(b) y-intercept = 2
When y = 0, 0 = x + 2

x = 2

\ x-intercept = 2

The equation of the locus of point P is

x2 + y2 + 2x 4y 20 = 0.

(b) Substitute x = 2 and y = k into the equation,

4 + k2 + 2(2) 4k 20 = 0

k2 4k 12 = 0

(k 6)(k + 2) = 0

k 6 = 0 or k + 2 = 0

k = 6
k = 2

9. (a) Gradient of RQ = 2

1
\ Gradient of PQ =
2

The equation of PQ is
1

y + 1 = (x + 4)
2
1
y = x + 2 1
2
1
y = x + 1
2

12.

AP : PB = 2 : 3
AP
2
=

PB
3
3AP = 2PB
(x 1)2 + (y 4)2 = 2ABBBBBBBBBBBB
(x 3)2 + (y + 2)2
3ABBBBBBBBBBBB
2
2
9[(x 1) + (y 4) ] = 4[(x 3)2 + (y + 2)2]
9(x2 2x + 1 + y2 8y + 16)
= 4(x2 6x + 9 + y2 + 4y + 4)

(b) For y = 2x + 1,
when y = 0, 0 = 2x + 1
1

x =
2
1
The x-intercept of RQ is .
2

9x2 18x + 9 + 9y2 72y + 144

= 4x2 24x + 36 + 4y2 + 16y + 16
5x2 + 5y2 + 6x 88y + 101 = 0

The equation of the locus of point P is

5x2 + 5y2 + 6x 88y + 101 = 0.

10. (a) 2x y = 4
y = 2x 4

Gradient of CD = 2

\ Gradient of AB = 2

13. (a) Substitute x = 1 and y = k into x2 + y2 = 4,

1 + k2 = 4
k2 = 3
k = AB
3

The equation of line AB is

y 5 = 2(x 2)
y = 2x 4 + 5
y = 2x + 1

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8
2 ,
The coordinates of D are
.
3
3

14

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 6

(b) Let the intersection of line PQ and the y-axis be

S(0, y1).
Gradient of PS = Gradient of PQ
y1 5
53
=
3 (2)
03
2

y1 5 = (3)
5
6

y1 = + 5
5
19
=
5
19
The y-intercept of line PQ is .
5

AB3 0
(b) Gradient of OA =
10

= AB
3

1
Gradient of tangent at A =
AB3

The equation of the tangent at A is

1
y AB
3 = (x 1)
AB3
1
1
y = x + + AB
3
AB3
AB3
1
4
y = x +
AB3
AB3

14. (a) Let the coordinates of C be (x, y).

2 + x 2 + y

(4, 0) = ,
2
2
2 + y
2+x

\ = 4 and = 0
2
2
x = 6
y = 2

Q(2, 3)

M(x, y)

R(6, 1)

2(2) + 1(6) 2(3) + 1(1)

(x, y) = ,
1+2
1+2

0 (2)
(b) Gradient of BC =
42

=1

\ Gradient of AD = 1

7
2 ,
=
3 3

The equation of line AD is
y 0 = 1(x 4)
y = x + 4

7
2 ,
The coordinates of M are
.
3 3

16. (a) Let the intersection of line BC and the y-axis be

E(0, y).
Gradient of BE = Gradient of BC

(c) Let the point of intersection of BC at the y-axis

be E(0, y).

Gradient of BD = Gradient of BE
y (2)

1 =
02

2 = y + 2

y = 4
The y-intercept of line BC is 4.

4 (8)
y4
=
03
3 (1)

12
y 4 = 3
4
= 9

y = 5
The y-intercept of line BC is 5.

15. (a) Area of PQR

The coordinates of C are (6, 2).

1 3 2 6 3
=
2 5 3 1 5

1 MR
QM =
2
\ QM : MR = 1 : 2

(c)

1 2

(b) Gradient of AD = Gradient of BC

4 (8)

=
3 (1)

=3

1 (9 2 + 30) (10 + 18 + 3)
=
2
1
= 37 11
2

= 13 unit2

The equation of line AD is

y 6 = 3(x + 3)
= 3x + 9
y = 3x + 15

15

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 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 6

(c) Let the coordinates of D be (x, y).

Midpoint of BD = Midpoint of AC
3 + (1) 6 + (8)
3+x 4+y
, = ,

2
2
2
2
= (2, 1)

2 1

3+x

\ = 2 and
2
x = 7

(c)
x 2y + 4 = 0
When x = 0, 2y + 4 = 0

y = 2

\ F(0, 2)

Area of BCF
1 0 1 8 0
=
2 2 3 6 2
1
= (0 6 + 16) (2 24 + 0)
2
1
= 10 + 26
2

= 18 unit2

4+y
= 1
2
4 + y = 2
y = 6

The coordinates of D are (7, 6).

(d) Area of rectangle ABCD

1 3 3 7 1 3
=
2 4 6 6 8 4
1
= (18 + 18 + 56 4) (12 42 + 6 24)
2
1
= 88 + 72
2

= 80 unit2

18. (a) y = 2x + 6

Gradient of AB = 2

\ Gradient of CD = 2

The equation of line CD is
y + 3 = 2(x 1)
= 2x + 2
y = 2x 1

17. (a) Gradient of BC = Gradient of CD

0 (3)

=
2 (1)

=1

The equation of line BC is

y 0 = 1(x 2)

y = x 2..........1

Equation of AB, x 2y + 4 = 0................2

(b) Substitute x = 2 and y = k into y = 2x + 6,

k = 2(2) + 6

k = 2

Gradient of CE = Gradient of BC
0 (3) 2 (3)
=
p1
21

3 = 5(p 1)
3

p 1 =
5
8

p =
5

Substitute 1 into 2,

x 2(x 2) + 4 = 0

x + 8 = 0

x = 8

(c)

Substitute x = 8 into 1,
y = 8 2
= 6

The coordinates of B are (8, 6).
(b)

B(8, 6)

C(1, 3)

Use y-coordinate,
(3)n + 2m
= 0

m+n
2m 3n = 0

2m = 3n
3
m

n =
2

\ CE : EB = 3 : 2

C(1, 3)

3x + 2(8) 3y + 2(6)
(1, 3) = ,
2+3
2+3
3x + 16 3y + 12

= ,
5
5
3y + 12
3x + 16

\ = 1 and = 3
5
5

3x = 21
3y = 27

x = 7
y = 9

1
1

0 1 2 0
1
(d) Area of BOC =
2 0 3 2 0
1

= (0 + 2 + 0) (0 6 + 0)
2
1

= 2 + 6
2

= 4 unit2

The coordinates of E are (7, 9).

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8 0)
E(,
5

E(x, y)

B(2, 2)
n

3
2

16

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 6

19. (a)

PA : PB = 1 : 2
PA
1
=

2
PB

PB = 2PA
ABBBBBBBBBBBB
(x 2)2 + (y 0)2 = 2ABBBBBBBBBBBB
(x 0)2 + (y 1)2

(x 2)2 + y2 = 4[x2 + (y 1)2]
x2 4x + 4 + y2 = 4(x2 + y2 2y + 1)
= 4x2 + 4y2 8y + 4
3x2 + 3y2 + 4x 8y = 0

Area of ABC = 20
1

82 = 20

d ABB
2
40

d =
ABB
82
= 4.417 units
(b)
Q(h, k)

4 and y = 0 into
(b) Substitute x =
3
3x2 + 3y2 + 4x 8y = 0,

LHS = 3x2 + 3y2 + 4x 8y
4 2
4

= 3 + 3(0)2 + 4 8(0)
3
3
16
16
=
3
3

=0

= RHS
4

Hence, the point , 0 lies on the locus of P.
3

P(1, 3)

1 + h + 5
3 + k 16 = 0
3
2
2
3 + 3h +
15 + 5k 16 = 0

2
2

3 + 3h 15 + 5k 32 = 0

3h + 5k = 50..........1
3x + 5y 16 = 0

5y = 3x + 16
16
3

y = x +
5
5
3

Gradient of perpendicular bisector =
5
5

\ Gradient of line PQ =
3

The equation of line PQ is
5

y + 3 = (x + 1)
3
5
5
= x +
3
3
5
4
y = x
3
3

(c) Substitute y = 0 into 3x2 + 3y2 + 4x 8y = 0,

3x2 + 4x = 0

x(3x + 4) = 0
x = 0 or 3x + 4 = 0
4

x =
3
4

The points of intersection are (0, 0) and ( , 0).
3
(d) Substitute x = 0 into 3x2 + 3y2 + 4x 8y = 0,
3y2 8y = 0

y(3y 8) = 0
y = 0 or 3y 8 = 0
8

y =
3

Since there are values for y-coordinate, then the
locus intersects the y-axis.
20. (a) Area of ABC
1 1 8 4 1
=
2 2 3 7 2
1
= (3 + 56 + 8) (16 + 12 7)
2
1
= 61 21
2

= 20 unit2

1 + h ,
3 + k
Midpoint of PQ =
2
2
Since the midpoint of PQ lies on the perpendicular
1 + h and
bisector, so we substitute x =
2
3 + k into 3x + 5y 16 = 0,
y =
2

2 1

Substitute x = h, y = k into the equation of PQ,

5
4

k = h ................................. 2
3
3
Substitute 2 into 1,
5
4
3h + 5 h = 50
3
3
25
20
3h + h = 50
3
3
25
20
3 3h + h = 3(50)
3
3
9h + 25h 20 = 150

34h = 170

h = 5

Let d be the perpendicular distance from B to line

AC.
[(8 (1)]2 + (3 2)2

Distance of AC = ABBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
81 + 1

= ABBBBB
82 units

= ABB

17

2
2

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 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 6

Substitute h = 5 into 1,
3(5) + 5k = 50
k = 7

1
(d) Gradient of AC =
2

PA
1
=
PB
2

PB = 2PA
(x 0)2 + (y + 2)2 = 2ABBBBBBBBBBBB
(x 0)2 + (y 1)2
ABBBBBBBBBBBB
2
2

x + (y + 2) = 4[x2 + (y 1)2]
2

x + y2 + 4y + 4 = 4(x2 + y2 2y + 1)
= 4x2 + 4y2 8y + 4

3x2 + 3y2 12y = 0

x2 + y2 4y = 0
21. (a)

1 (2)
Gradient of AC Gradient of BD =
2

= 1

(b) (i)
RQ = 3PR

\ PR : RQ = 1 : 3

R(x, y)

P(p, 0)

3p + 0 0 + q
(x, y) = ,
1+3 1+3

3p q
= ,
4 4

3p
\ = x
4
4x
p =
3

and

q
=y
4
q = 4y

4x
Substitute p = and q = 4y into
3
q2 + p2 = 100,
4x 2
(4y)2 + = 100
3

1 2

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Q(0, q)

Substitute 1 into 2,
2
1
1

x2 + x + 1 4 x + 1 = 0
2
2
1

x2 + x2 + x + 1 2x 4 = 0
4
5 2

x x 3 = 0
4

5x2 4x 12 = 0

(5x + 6)(x 2) = 0
5x + 6 = 0
or
x 2 = 0
6
x =
x = 2
5
6
Substitute x = into 1,
5
1
6

y = + 1
2
5
3

=
+1
5
2
=
5
6 2

The coordinates of D are , .
5 5

Hence, lines AC and BD are perpendicular to each

other.

22. (a)
PQ = 10
ABBBBBBBBBBBB
(q 0)2 + (0 p)2 = 10


p2 + q2 = 100

1 x + 1....................1
Equation of AC, y =
2
Equation of locus, x2 + y2 4y = 0...........2

The equation of the locus of point P is

x2 + y2 4y = 0.

1 21

21
(c) Gradient of AC =
20
1

=
2

12
5
=
6
5
= 2

(b) Substitute x = 2 and y = 2 into x2 + y2 4y = 0,

LHS = x2 + y2 4y

= 22 + 22 4(2)

=0

= RHS
Hence, C(2, 2) lies on the locus of point P.

2 (2)

5
Gradient of BD =
6
0
5

16
16y2 + x2 = 100
9
16 2
2
x + 16y 100 = 0

9

The equation of the locus of point R is

16
x2 + 16y2 100 = 0.
9

18

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 6

16
(ii) Substitute y = 0 into x2 + 16y2 100 = 0,
9
16
x2 100 = 0

9
9

x2 = 100
16
900

x =
16
30
=
4
15
=
2
15
The x-coordinate of R is .
2

1. Substitute x = 2, y = t into equation x2 + y2 = 16,

22 + t2 = 16

t2 = 12

t = ABB
12

1 2

ABBBB

Based on the diagram, t = ABB

12

ABB
12 0
Gradient of OA =
20
ABB
12
=
2
2AB
3
=
2

23. (a) Gradient of PQ Gradient of RQ = 1

52 t2

= 1
14 r4
t2

(1) = 1
r4

t 2 = r 4

t = r 2
(b) Area of PQR
1 1 r 4 1
=
2 5 t 2 5
1
= (t + 2r + 20) (5r + 4t + 2)
2
1
= (t + 2r + 20 5r 4t 2)
2
1
= (3t 3r + 18)
2
3
3

= t r + 9
2
2
3

= 9 (r + t)
2

21
1

2
2

= AB
3

1
Gradient of tangent AB is
AB3
Equation of tangent AB is

1
y ABB
12 = (x 2)
AB3
1
2

y = x + + ABB
12
AB3
AB3
1
2
= x + + 2AB
3
AB3
AB3

2. Let P(x, y)
Gradient of PQ = Gradient of RS

y (1)
42
=
x (1)
0 (2)
= 1

y + 1 = x + 1

y = x............................. 1

(c) Given the area of rectangle PQRS = 30 unit2

\ Area of PQR = 15 unit2
3

9 (r + t) = 15
2
3

(r + t) = 6
2

r + t = 4................. 1

From (a),
t = r 2............. 2

mPS mPQ = 1

y+1
y4
= 1
x+1
x0
y4 y+1
= 1

x+1
x
(y 4)(y + 1) = x(x + 1)

y2 3y 4 = x2 x
y2 3y + x2 + x 4 = 0...................... 2

Substitute 2 into 1,
r + r 2 = 4
2r = 2
r = 1

21

Substitute 1 into 2,
x2 3x + x2 + x 4 = 0
2x2 2x 4 = 0

x2 x 2 = 0
(x + 1)(x 2) = 0

x = 1 or x = 2

Substitute r = 1 into 2,
t = 1 2
= 3

ABB
43
12 = ABBBB
4 AB
3
= AB

= 2AB
3

The coordinates of R are (1, 3)

Based on the diagram, x = 2

19

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 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 6

Substitute x = 2 into 1,
y=2

5 + 3k (2 + 7k) = 8

5 + 3k + 2 7k = 8

7 4k = 8

4k = 7 8
= 7 8 or 7 + 8
= 1 or 15
1
15

k = or
4
4

The coordinates of P are (2, 2).

Area of trapezium PQRS
0 2 1 2 0
1
=
2 4 2 1 2 4
1
= [(0 + 2 2 + 8) (8 2 2 + 0)]
2
1
= [8 (12)]
2
1
= (20)
2
= 10 unit2

(b) Gradient of AB Gradient of BC = 1

5 (1)
2k + 1

= 1
k1
21
2k + 1

6 = 1
k1

6(2k + 1) = 1(k 1)

12k + 6 = k + 1

13k = 5
5

k =
13

3. Gradient of AC = 3
k (2)
= 3

h (1)
k+2
= 3

h+1

k + 2 = 3h + 3

k = 3h + 1..................... 1

4+r 9+t
5. (a) Midpoint of PQ = ,
2
2
(b)

P(4, 9)

13
Substitute h = into 1,
7
13
k = 3 + 1
7
39
= + 1
7
46
=
7

A
B

x
2y + x = 7

Gradient of PQ Gradient of AB = 1
7

t9
2
= 1

r4
7

1 2

4. (a) Area of ABC = 4

Since there are two possible positions for point
C,
1 1 2 k 1

therefore
= 4
2 1 5 2k 1

1 2

t9
1
21 12 2 = 1
r4

t9
= 2
r4

t 9 = 2(r 4)
= 2r 8

t = 2r + 1

[(5 + 4k k) (2 + 5k + 2k)] = 8

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5 (1)
2k (1)
=
21
k1
2k + 1

6 =
k1

6k 6 = 2k + 1

4k = 7
7

k =
4

Substitute 1 into 2,
2(3h + 1) = h + 15
6h + 2 = h + 15
7h = 13
13

h =
7

(c) Gradient of AB = Gradient of BC

Gradient of AB Gradient of BC = 1
6 (2)
k6
= 1

h3
3 (1)
k6
2 = 1
h3
2(k 6) = 1(h 3)
2k 12 = h + 3
2k = h + 15..........2

20

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 6

(c) If r = 2,

t = 2(2) + 1
= 3

(b)

D(x, y)
3

2
[4 (2)]2 + [9 (3)]B
PQ = ABBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

36 + 144B
= ABBBBBB
180
= ABBB

36 5
= ABBBBB
= 6AB
5 units

A(14, 0)

(1)x + 3(14)

= 2
1+3
x 42 = 2

4

x 42 = 8

x = 34

6. (a) (i)
y
D

(1)y + 3(0)
= 12

1+3

y = 4 12
= 48

The coordinates of D are (34, 48).

E
F

A(14, 0)
O

(c) (i) mAC = mAB

y0
12 0
=

0 + 14 2 + 14
y
12
=
14
12
y = 14

The coordinates of C are (0, 14).

y + 3x 6 = 0

When x = 0,
y + 3x 6 = 0

y + 3(0) 6 = 0

y = 6

The coordinates of E are (0, 6).

Let the moving point be P(x, y).

PE = 2PC
ABBBBBBBBBBB
(x 0)2 + (y 6)2 = 2ABBBBBBBBBBBB
(x 0)2 + (y 14)2

2
2

x + (y 6) = 4[x2 + (y 14)2]
x2 + y2 12y + 36 = 4(x2 + y2 28y + 196)
= 4x2 + 4y2 112y + 784
3x2 + 3y2 100y + 748 = 0

When y = 0,

y + 3x 6 = 0
0 + 3x 6 = 0

x = 2

The coordinates of F are (2, 0).

Let B = (x, y)
Since E is the midpoint of BF,
x+2
= 0
then
2

x = 2

(ii) At the y-axis, x = 0
3y2 100y + 748 = 0

b2 4ac = (100)2 4(3)(748)
= 1024 . 0

y+0
= 6
2

y = 12

Therefore, the coordinates of B are
(2, 12).

The locus intersects the y-axis.

7. (a) y = 2x........................................... 1
8

y =
x ........................................... 2

1 = 2,
8
2x =
x

x2 = 4

x = 2

(ii) Area of quadrilateral OABE

1
= 0 0 2 14 0
2 0 6 12
0
0
1
= [(0 + 0 + 0 + 0) (0 12 168 + 0]
2
1
= 180
2

= 90 unit2

B(2, 12)

Based on the diagram, x = 2.

Substitute x = 2 into 1,
y = 2(2)
= 4

The coordinates of A are (2, 4).
21

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 6

(b) Let B(x, y)

1(x) + 3(0)
= 2

1+3

x = 8
1(y) + 3(0)
= 4

1+3

y = 16

The coordinates of B are (8, 16).

57x2 + 2x 232 = 0

B
(2)2 4(57)(232)
2 ABBBBBBBBBBBB
x =
2(57)

2
116
4
y = +
19
57
19
460
=
1083

116 460
The coordinates of S are , .
57 1083

86
9. (a) (i) Gradient of PR =
68

= 1

Gradient of AC = 1

Since PR//AC

The equation of line AC is
y 12 = 1(x 10)
= x + 10
y = x + 22

Based on the graph, the coordinates of P are

(2, 0).

The coordinates of Q are (0, 19).

(ii) The perpendicular bisector of BC is PR.

0 (19)

Gradient of PQ =
20
19

=
2

The equation of line PQ is
19

y 0 = (x 2)
2
19
y = x 19
2

Gradient of PR = 1

The equation of line PR is
y 6 = 1(x 8)

y 6 = x + 8
y = x + 14
(b) Area of PQR
1 6 10 8 6
=
2 8 12 6 8
1
= |[(72 + 60 + 64) (80 + 96 + 36)]|
2

= 8 unit2

(b) Gradient of line PS = 2

19

The equation of line PS is

y 0 = 2(x 2)
19
y = 2x + 4
19
19

Area of ABC = 22(8)

= 32 unit2

(c) y = 2x + 4.......................... 1
19
19

y = 3x2 12.................................. 2

Area of PQR : Area of ABC

= 8 : 32
=1:4

(c) Let B(x, y)

Since P is the midpoint of AB
y + 14
x + 8 = 6

\
and = 8
2
2
y = 2

x = 4

1 = 2,

3x2 12 = 2x + 4
19
19
2
232
2
3x + x = 0
19
19

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8. (a) Substitute y = 0 into equation y = 3x2 12,

3x2 12 = 0
3(x2 4) = 0

x2 4 = 0
x2 = 4
x = 2

19,

x = 2 is ignored
52 900
2 ABBBBB
=
because it is
114
x-coordinate for
116
= , 2
point P.
57
116
Substitute x = into 1,
57

1.
(c) The gradient of the perpendicular line is
2

The equation of the straight line is
1
y 16 = (x 8)
2
1

= x + 4
2
1
y = x + 20
2

22

Therefore, the coordinates of B are (4, 2).

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 6

3
1 x
(c)
y =
............................. 1
2
4
2

y = 6x + 9.................................... 2

10. (a)
OA = ABB
80
2
ABBBBBBB
(2k) + k2 = ABB

80
4k2 + k2 = 80

5k2 = 80

k2 = 16

k = 4
Since k . 0, therefore k = 4.

Substitute 1 into 2,

4
y-coordinate of B =
2

= 2

Therefore, the coordinates of B are (8, 2).

2 0
(c) Gradient of OB =
80
1

=
4

1 x.
The equation of OB is y =
4

2 1

h+6
2h 1 and
2k 5 =

\ =
2
2
2
h + 6 = 2h 1
2k 5 =
h = 7
k =

k+5

2
k+5
10

(b) P(7, 20), Q(14, 11), R(6, 5), S(1, 4)

Let T(x, y) be the point of intersection of diagonals
PR and QS.
T(x, y) = Midpoint of PR
6+h

\ x =
2
6
+
7
=
2
13
=
2
2k
5

y =
2
20 5
=
2
15
=
2

Therefore, the point of intersection of diagonals
13 15
PR and QS is T , .
2
2

The equation of PQ is
30
y 3 = (x 0)
3
0
2

y 3 = 2x
y = 2x + 3

1
(b) Gradient of QS =
2

The equation of line QS is
1
3
y 0 = x +
2
2
1
3
y = x
2
4

12. (a) Since PQRS is a parallelogram,

Midpoint of PR = Midpoint of QS
h + 6 2k 5
2h 1 ,
k+1+4

, =
2
2
2
2

When x = 0,
y2 = 6(0) + 9

y2 = 9

y = 3

The coordinates of P are (0, 3).

3 , 0).
The coordinates of Q are (
2

2 1

1 2

11. (a) When y = 0,

y2 = 6x + 9
02 = 6x + 9
6x = 9
9

x =
6
3
=
2

21

Given AC : CB
=2:1

1 2
1
3
3 2

x + 2 x + = 6x + 9
4
2
4
4
1
3
2
x + x + 9 = 6x + 9

4
4
16
1
3
9
2

16 x + x + = 16(6x + 9)
4
4
16

4x2 + 12x + 9 = 96x + 144
4x2 + 12x + 9 96x 144 = 0

4x2 84x 135 = 0

(2x + 3)(2x 45) = 0

2x 45 = 0
45

x =
2
45
Substitute x = into 1,
3
2
x = is ignored
2
1 45
3
because it is
y =
2 2
4
x-coordinate of Q.
45
3

4
4
= 12
45

Therefore, the coordinates of S are , 12 .
2

(b) x-coordinate of B = 2k
= 2(4)
= 8

1 12 x 34 2 = 6x + 9

mPQ mQS = 1

23

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 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 6

11 + 5
(c) Gradient of QR =
14 6
16

=
8

=2

1(h) + 2(0)
= 3
(b)
1+2
h + 0 = 9

h = 9
1(k) + 2(4)
= 0
1+2

k 8 = 0

k = 8

The equation of line passing through T and is

parallel to QR is
15
13
y = 2 x
2
2
= 2x 13
15
y = 2x 13 +
2
11
y = 2x
2

1 + 3 8 10
13. (a) A = ,
2
2
= (2, 1)

(c)

2 1
1

Area of AOB
1
= (3) (4)
2

= 6 unit2

2
2

32 + (4)2
AB = ABBBBBBB
= ABB
25
= 5 units
Let h be the perpendicular distance from O to AB.

Area of AOB = 6
1
(h)AB = 6
2
1
(h)(5) = 6
2
26

h =
5
12
= units
5

85
Gradient of PS =
1 (4)
3

=
5

The equation of the line passing through A and
parallel to PS is
3
y (1) = (x 2)
5
3
6

y + 1 = x
5
5
3
6
y = x 1
5
5
3
11
y = x
5
5

15. (a) y 3x 5 = 0

y = 3x + 5........................................1

(2 + k)x + 4y 6 = 0

4y = (2 + k)x + 6
(2 + k)
3

y = x + ..............2
4
2
Since 1 and 2 are parallel,

therefore the gradients are the same.
(2 + k)
3 =
4
2 + k = 12
k = 14

14. (a) For B, substitute y = 0 into 3y 4x + 12 = 0,

4x + 12 = 0
x = 3
Therefore, the coordinates of B are (3, 0).

For A, substitute x = 0 into 3y 4x + 12 = 0,

3y + 12 = 0
y = 4

Substitute x = 1, y = t into y 3x 5 = 0,

t 3(1) 5 = 0

t = 8

Therefore, the coordinates of A are (0, 4).

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B(3, 0)

A(0, 4)

(c) P(1, 8), S(4, 5)

(b) Midpoint of PR = Midpoint of QS

1 + 3
8 10
h4 k+5

,
= ,
2
2
2
2
h

4
k
+
5

(2, 1) = ,
2
2
h4
k+5

\ = 2 and = 1
2
2
h 4 = 4
k + 5 = 2
h = 8
k = 7

24

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 6

(b) A(1, 8)

The line which is perpendicular to y 3x 5 = 0
1
has gradient of .
3

The equation of the line is
1

y 8 = (x 1)
3
1
1
y = x + + 8
3
3
1
25
y = x +
3
3
(c) (2 + k)x +
[2 + (14)]x +
12x +

6x +

4y
4y
4y
2y

(b) When y = 0,
3x2 + 23 = 0

23
x2 =
3
23
x =
3

ABBBB

Since x does not have real values, therefore the

locus does not intersect the x-axis.
When x = 0,
3y2 22y + 23 = 0
(22)2 4(3)(23)B
(22) ABBBBBBBBBBB

y =
2(3)
208
22 ABBB
=
6
= 1.263, 6.070

Therefore, the locus intersects the y-axis at two
points.

6 =
6 =
6 =
3 =

0
0
0
0................................1
1
25
y = x + ..............2
3
3

Substitute 2 into 1,
1
25
6x + 2 x + 3 = 0
3
3
2
50
6x x + 3 = 0
3
3
2
50
3 6x x + 3 = 0
3
3
18x 2x + 50 9 = 0

20x + 41 = 0
41

x =
20

17. (a) Gradient of CD = Gradient of AB

5

tt
60
2
=
52
30
3t

= 2
3
3t

= 6
2
2
t = 6
3
= 4
x
y

The equation of AD is + = 1.
2
4

41
Substitute x = into 2,
20
1
41
25
y = +
3 20
3
41
25
= +
60
3
153
=
20

1 2

(b)
1

B(5, 6)

Therefore, the point of intersection is

41
, 153
.
20 20

16. (a) Let P(x, y)

E(x, y)

A(2, 0)

PB = 2PA

3x + 1 2 = 5

1+3
3x + 2 = 20

3x = 18

x = 6

ABBBBBBBBBBBB
(x 4)2 + (y 1)2 = 2ABBBBBBBBBBBB
(x 1)2 + (y 3)2


Square both sides,
(x 4)2 + (y 1)2 = 4[(x 1)2 + (y 3)2]
x2 8x + 16 + y2 2y + 1

= 4(x2 2x + 1 + y2 6y + 9)

= 4x2 8x + 4 + 4y2 24y + 36

3y + 1(0)
= 6
1+3

3y = 24

y = 8

x2 + y2 8x 2y + 17 = 4x2 + 4y2 8x 24y + 40
4x2 + 4y2 8x 24y + 40 x2 y2 + 8x + 2y 17 = 0

3x2 + 3y2 22y + 23 = 0

25

Therefore, the coordinates of E are (6, 8).

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 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 6

18. (a)

1(3) + 2(6)
q =
1+2
= 5

P(x, y)

4
The coordinates of D are (, 5).
3
(b) Area of ABC
1 1 4 4 1
=
2 3 3 6 3
1
= |[(3 24 + 12) (12 + 12 6)]|
2
1
= |9|
2
9
= unit2
2

Q(2, 3)

R(6, 3)

Gradient of PQ Gradient of PR = 1
y3 y3

= 1
x2 x6

(y 3)2 = 1(x 2)(x 6)
2

y 6y + 9 = (x2 8x + 12)
= x2 + 8x 12

y2 6y + 9 + x2 8x + 12 = 0
x2 + y2 8x 6y + 21 = 0

21

1 Area of ABC
(c) Area of ADC =
3
1
9

=
3
2
3

=
unit2
2

(b) x2 + y2 8x 6y + 21 = 0.........................1

x = 2y
1

y = x......................................................2
2

20. (a) P(1, 3), Q(5, 9), R(2, 12), S(x, y).
Midpoint of PR = Midpoint of QS
1 + 2 3 + 12
x+5 y+9

, = ,
2
2
2
2
1 + 2 x + 5
3 + 12
y+9

\ = and =
2
2
2
2
x + 5 = 1
y + 9 = 15

x = 4
y = 6

Substitute 2 into 1,
1 2
1

x2 + x 8x 6 x + 21 = 0
2
2
1
x2 + x2 8x 3x + 21 = 0
4
5 2

x 11x + 21 = 0
4

4,
5x2 44x + 84 = 0

(x 6)(5x 14) = 0

5x 14 = 0
14

x =
5

Given x 6
1 14
From 2, y =
2 5
14

=
10
7

=
5

1 2

1 2

14 7
Therefore, the coordinates of P are (, ).
5 5

19. (a)
D(p, q)

A(1, 3)

The equation of PR is
y 3 = 3(x + 1)
y 3 = 3x + 3
y = 3x + 6

1(4) + 2(4)
p =
1+2
4
=
3

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12 3
(c) Gradient of PR =
2 (1)
9

=
3

=3

C(4, 6)

2
B(4, 3)

2 1

(b) Area of PQRS

1 1 5 2 4 1
=
2 3 9 12 6 3
1
= |[(9 + 60 + 12 12) (15 + 18 48 6)]|
2
1
= |[51 (21)]|
2
1
= (51 + 21)
2
1
= (72)
2

= 36 unit2

1 2

26