Reinforced Concrete Design

CIVL1622

Page 1 of 20

Calculation Sheet:

February 17, 2015

Assignment #3 Solution

Problem #1

Select the reinforcement for a 7 m span rectangular beam with b = 400 mm and h = 550
mm. The beam supports its own weight plus a superimposed dead load of 10 kN/m and a
uniform service live load of 30 kN/m. Use f 'c = 30 MPa and f y = 400 MPa.

Applied Loads

Span length:
Dead load

L 7m
wD 10

Load multipliers

Material Properties

kN
m

D 1.25

wL 30

Live load

kN
m

L 1.5

Specified compressive strength of concrete:

fc 30MPa

Specified yield strength of reinforcing steel:

fy 400MPa

Density of concrete

c 2400

kg
3

m
c 0.65

Material resistance factors

s 0.85

The following variables are computed from the entered material properties
Unit weight of concrete:

Equivalent stress
block parameters:

c g

23.54
1

1 0.85 0.0015MPa

m
fc

1 0.97 0.0025MPa

kN

fc

1 0.805
1 0.895

Reinforced Concrete Design

CIVL1622

Page 2 of 20

Calculation Sheet:

February 17, 2015

Assignment #3 Solution

Calculations
Step 1: calculate the factored moment
calculate self weight of beam with

h 550mm

b 400mm

and

Cross-sectional area of beam

A c b h

A c 220000 mm

self weight of beam:

w A c

w 5.18

factored load:

wf D wD w L wL

wf 64.0

factored moment:

wf L

Mf

kN
m
kN
m

Mf 392 kN m

Step 2: Calculate the effective depth

assume:

No. 30 bars

db 29.9mm

No. 10 stirrups

ds 11.3mm

interior exposure conditions

cs 30mm

d h cs ds

effective depth

db
2

d 494 mm

Step 3: Compute the area of reinforcement

calculate resistance factor
and steel ratio

Kr

bd

balanced steel ratio:

Mf

Kr 4.02 MPa

2Kr
1 1

1 c fc

1 c fc
s fy

700MPa fc
700MPa f f
y y

1 c 1
s

1.39 % < b 2.63 %

steel area

A s b d

1.39 %

b 2.63 %

okay (under reinforced)

A s 2748 mm

Reinforced Concrete Design

CIVL1622

Page 3 of 20

Calculation Sheet:

February 17, 2015

Assignment #3 Solution

Step 4: Determine the size and number of bars required (check bar spacing, minimum steel area, concrete
cover and crack control)
use 4 No. 30 bars:

number of bars

n 4

bar diameter

db 29.9mm

bar area

A b 700mm

A s n Ab

A s 2800 mm

steel area
check bar spacing

2
2

maximum aggregate size amax 20mm

minimum spacing:

smin max 1.4db 1.4amax 30mm

actual spacing:

smin 41.9 mm

b 2cs 2ds n db
n1

s 65.9 mm
s 65.9 mm > smin 41.9 mm

A smin

minimum steel area

0.2MPa.5

fc

fy
2

A s 2800 mm
check crack control

dc cs ds
y dc
A

db

> Asmin 602 mm

okay

(all bars in one layer)

2

A 11250 mm

fs 0.6fy
3

A smin 602 mm

bh

dc 56.3 mm

2y b
n

z fs

okay

fs 240 MPa
z 20.6

dc A

kN
mm

< 30

kN
mm

okay.

Step 5: Check ultimate capacity

there is no need to re-calculate the factored moment, Mf , because the size of the cross section
has not changed
factored moment

Mf 392 kN m

effective depth

d h cs ds

db
2

d 494 mm

Reinforced Concrete Design

CIVL1622

Page 4 of 20

Calculation Sheet:

February 17, 2015

Assignment #3 Solution

As

steel ratio

1.42 %

resistance factor

Kr s fy 1

moment capacity

Mr Kr b d

bd

21 c fc
s fy

Kr 4.08 MPa

Mr 398 kN m

Mr 398 kN m > Mf 392 kN m

Alternative Solution
6 No. 25 bars

steel area
check bar spacing

number of bars

n 6

bar diameter

db 25.2mm

bar area

A b 500mm

A s n Ab

A s 3000 mm

2
2

maximum aggregate size, amax 20mm

minimum spacing:

smin max 1.4db 1.4amax 30mm

actual spacing:

b 2cs 2ds n db

6 No. 25 bars will not fit in a single

layer

b 2cs 2ds 4db

41

s 72 mm > smin 35 mm

smin

smin 35.3 mm
s 33.2 mm

n1

s 33 mm < smin 35 mm

check spacing for

4 No. 25 bars :

okay

yc

db
db
smin
2
2
20.2 mm

2A b
yc

place the 6 No. 25 bars with 4 bars

in the lower layer and two bars in
the upper layer

6Ab

Reinforced Concrete Design

CIVL1622

Page 5 of 20

Calculation Sheet:

February 17, 2015

Assignment #3 Solution

dc cs ds

check crack control

y dc yc

db

dc 53.9 mm

(bars are in two layers)

2y b
n

A 9875 mm

fs 0.6fy

fs 240 MPa

Z fs

dc A 19.4

kN
mm

< 30

kN
mm

okay for interior exposure.

Check ultimate capacity with 6 No.25 bars (factored moment, Mf 392 kN m)

effective depth

d h cs ds

steel ratio

resistance factor

Kr s fy 1

moment capacity

Mr Kr b d

db
2

yc

d 476 mm

As

1.58 %

bd

21 c fc
s fy

Kr 4.44 MPa

Mr 403 kN m

Mr 403 kN m > Mf 392 kN m

okay

Design Sketch:

4 No. 30 bars

6 No. 25 bars

400 mm

550 mm

No. 10 stirrup
30 mm cover

4 No. 30

Reinforced Concrete Design

CIVL1622

Page 6 of 20

Calculation Sheet:

February 17, 2015

Assignment #3 Solution

Problem #2

Beam

Select b, h, and the reinforcement for a 7.0 m span simply supported rectangular beam
which supports its own weight plus a superimposed dead load of 12 kN/m and a uniform
service live load of 25 kN/m. Use f 'c = 35 MPa and f y = 400 MPa.

Span length:

L 6.75m

Transverse Reinforcment

No. 10 stirrups, bar diameter

ds 11.3mm

Exposure Conditions

enterior exposure, concrete cover

cs 40mm

Applied Loads

dead load

wD 12

live load

wL 25

Material Properties

kN
m
kN
m

Specified compressive strength of concrete:

fc 35MPa

Specified yield strength of reinforcing steel:

fy 400MPa

Material resistance factors

concrete

c 0.65

reinforcing steel

s 0.85

Density of concrete

c 2400

kg
3

The following variables are computed from the entered material properties
Equivalent stress block parameters:

1 0.85 0.0015MPa

fc 0.797

1 0.97 0.0025MPa
Unit weight of concrete:

c g 23.5

kN
3

fc 0.882

Reinforced Concrete Design

CIVL1622

Page 7 of 20

Calculation Sheet:

February 17, 2015

Assignment #3 Solution

Calculations
Step 1: Estimate size of beam cross section and calculate the factored moment, Mf
estimate overall height as 10% of span length

h 10%L

assume width of beam is one half of overall height

minimum overall depth of beam to

satisfy deflection control criteria:

hmin

L
16

h 675 mm

h
2

b 337.5 mm

hmin 422 mm

use h 700mm, and b 350mm for trial section dimensions to calculate self weight of beam
2

cross-sectional area of beam

A c b h

A c 245000 mm

self weight of beam:

wsw Ac

wsw 5.766

factored load:

LC1

wf 1.4 wD wsw

wf 24.9

kN
m

LC2

wf 1.25 wD wsw 1.5wL

wf 59.7

kN
m

LC2 produces most unfavourable effect

factored moment:

Mf

wf L

wf 59.7

kN
m

kN
m

Mf 340 kN m

Step 2: Select a steel ratio and calcualte the resistance factor

balanced steel ratio:

700MPa fc
700MPa f f
y y

1 c 1
s

assume 0.5b for initial trial section

resistance factor:

Kr s fy 1

21 c fc
s fy

b 3.00 %
1.5 %
Kr 4.38 MPa

Reinforced Concrete Design

CIVL1622

Page 8 of 20

Calculation Sheet:

February 17, 2015

Assignment #3 Solution

Step 3: Calculate the dimensions of beam cross section assuming d 1.75b (a practical rule of thumb
for the effective depth is anywhere between 1.5 to 2 times the beam width)
Mf = Kr b d

Given

b
Find ( b d )
d

d = 1.75b

b 294 mm

Cross section dimensions for trial section

width
:
effective depth

d 514 mm
b 300mm
d 514 mm

Step 4: Calculate the area of reinforcement and determine the size and number of bars required (check
bar spacing, minimum steel area, concrete cover and crack control)

try 5 No.25 bars:

steel area:
bar spacing

A s b d

required steel area:

A s 2311 mm

number of bars

n 5

bar diameter

db 25.2mm

cross-sectional area

A b 500mm

A s n Ab

A s 2500 mm

assume maximum nominal aggregate size amax 20mm

minimum spacing:

smin max 1.4db 1.4amax 30mm

actual spacing:

smin 35 mm

b 2cs 2ds n db
n1
s 18 mm < smin 35 mm

check spacing for

3 No. 25 bars in
the bottom layer

s 18 mm

the 5 No. 25 bars will have

to be placed in two layers

b 2cs 2ds 3db

s 61 mm

31
s 61 mm > smin 35 mm

spacing okay for 3 No.

25 bars in one layer

Reinforced Concrete Design

CIVL1622

Page 9 of 20

Calculation Sheet:

February 17, 2015

Assignment #3 Solution

centroid of reinforcing steel

2A b
yc

db
db
smin
2
2
5Ab

smin

or

ai

Part

yc

1500
1000

3 No 25
2 No 25

A ai

yc 24.2 mm

yc

Check Crack Control

db

A
dc

h d cs ds

use a section with:

A smin

db
2

60500
24.2

y 88.1 mm
2

A 10571 mm
fs 240 MPa

dc A

Z 21.1

minimum steel area

yc

fs 0.6fy
3

0
60500

dc 63.9 mm

2y b
n

Z fs

overall depth

0
60.5

ai

y cs ds

aiyi

a y
2500 i i
ai yi

db

dc cs ds

yi

kN
mm

< 25

kN
mm

okay for exterior exposure.

yc

h 602 mm

width:

b 300 mm

overall depth

h 600mm

5 No. 25 bars

A s 2500 mm

0.2MPa.5
fy

fc

b h 532 mm
2

A s 2500 mm

> Asmin 532 mm

okay

Reinforced Concrete Design

CIVL1622

Page 10 of 20

Calculation Sheet:

February 17, 2015

Assignment #3 Solution
2

Step 5: Use the final dimensions (i.e., b 300 mm and h 600 mm ) and the steel area ( As 2500 mm )
to re-calculate the factored moment, Mf , and the moment resistance, Mr (i.e., make sure that
Mr Mf )
2

cross-sectional area of beam

A c b h

A c 180000 mm

self weight of beam:

w A c

w 4.24

factored load:

wf 1.25 wD w 1.5wL
Mf

factored moment:

wf L

kN
m
kN
wf 57.8
m

Mf 329 kN m

effective depth

d h cs ds

steel ratio

resistance factor

Kr s fy 1

moment capacity

Mr Kr b d

db
2

yc

d 512 mm

As

1.63 %

bd

21 c fc
s fy

Kr 4.69 MPa

Mr 369 kN m

Mr 369 kN m > Mf 329 kN m

Design Sketch

No. 10 stirrup

okay

Reinforced Concrete Design

CIVL1622

Page 11 of 20

Calculation Sheet:

February 17, 2015

Assignment #3 Solution

Alternative Solution
3 No. 30 bars

number of bars

n 3

bar diameter

db 29.9mm

cross-sectional area

A b 700mm

steel area:

A s n Ab

width

b 300mm

effective depth

d 514mm

2
2

A s 2100 mm

assume maximum nominal aggregate size amax 20mm

bar spacing

minimum spacing:

actual spacing:

smin max 1.4db 1.4amax 30mm

b 2cs 2ds n db

s 53.8 mm

n1

s 54 mm > smin 42 mm

check crack control

y dc
A

db

dc cs ds

dc

smin 41.9 mm

dc 66.3 mm

bars are in one layer

2y b
n

A 13250 mm

fs 0.6fy
Z fs
Z 23

spacing okay for 3 No.

30 bars in one layer

fs 240 MPa

dc A 23.0

kN
mm

< 25

kN
mm

kN
mm
okay for exterior exposure.

Reinforced Concrete Design

CIVL1622

Page 12 of 20

Calculation Sheet:

February 17, 2015

Assignment #3 Solution

overall depth

db

h d cs ds

use a section with:

A smin

minimum steel area

h 580 mm

2
width:

b 300 mm

overall depth

h 600mm

3 No. 30 bars

A s 2100 mm

0.2MPa.5

fc

fy
2

A s 2100 mm

A smin 532 mm

bh
2

> Asmin 532 mm

okay
2

Step 5: Use the final dimensions (i.e., b 300 mm and h 600 mm ) and the steel area ( As 2100 mm )
to re-calculate the factored moment, Mf , and the moment resistance, Mr (i.e., make sure that
Mr Mf )
2

Cross-sectional area of beam

A c b h

A c 180000 mm

self weight of beam:

wsw Ac

wsw 4.24

factored load:

wf 1.25 wD wsw 1.5wL

Mf

factored moment:

wf L

kN
m
kN
wf 57.8
m

Mf 329 kN m

effective depth

d h cs ds

steel ratio

resistance factor

Kr s fy 1

moment capacity

Mr Kr b d

db
2

d 534 mm

As

1.31 %

bd

21 c fc
s fy

Kr 3.91 MPa

Mr 334 kN m

Mr 334 kN m > Mf 329 kN m

okay

this re-analysis has shown that the size of the cross section was not affected when the reinforcing was
changed to 3 No. 30 bars in the beam
the solution with 3 No. 30 bars has a slightly larger effective depth than the solution for 5 No. 25's
because all three No. 30 bars can be placed in a single layer; the slight increase in effective depth was
2

more than enough to offset with the lower steel area (i.e. A s 2500mm for 5 No. 25's versus
2

A s 2100mm for 3 No.30's)

Reinforced Concrete Design

CIVL1622

Page 13 of 20

Calculation Sheet:

February 17, 2015

Assignment #3 Solution

Design Sketch

3 No 30 Bars

3 No. 30

Reinforced Concrete Design

CIVL1622

Page 14 of 20

Calculation Sheet:

February 17, 2015

Assignment #3 Solution

Select b, h, and the reinforcement for a 8 m span simply supported rectangular beam that
supports its own weight plus a superimposed dead load of 20 kN/m and a service live load
which consists of three concentrated loads of 30 kN, each located at the quarter points of
the span. Use f 'c = 25 MPa and f y = 400 MPa.

Problem #3

Beam

Span length:

L 8.0m

Transverse Reinforcment

No. 10 stirrups, bar diameter

ds 11.3mm

Exposure Conditions

enterior exposure, concrete cover

cs 40mm

Applied Loads

dead load
live load

Material Properties

wD 20

kN

m
P L 30kN

Specified compressive strength of concrete:

fc 25MPa

Specified yield strength of reinforcing steel:

fy 400MPa

Material resistance factors

concrete

c 0.65

reinforcing steel

s 0.85

Density of concrete

c 2400

kg
3

The following variables are computed from the entered material properties
Equivalent stress block parameters:

1 0.85 0.0015MPa

fc 0.813

1 0.97 0.0025MPa
Unit weight of concrete:

c g 23.5

kN
3

fc 0.907

Reinforced Concrete Design

CIVL1622

Page 15 of 20

Calculation Sheet:

February 17, 2015

Assignment #3 Solution

Calculations
Step 1: Estimate size of beam cross section and calculate the factored moment, Mf
estimate overall height as 10% of span length

h 10%L

h 800 mm

assume width of beam is one half of overall height

h
2

b 400 mm

Minimum overall depth of beam to

satisfy deflection control criteria:

hmin

L
16

hmin 500 mm

use h 800mm, and b 400mm for trial section dimensions to calculate self weight of beam
2

cross-sectional area of beam

A c b h

A c 320000 mm

self weight of beam:

wsw Ac

wsw 7.53

LC1

wf 1.4 wD wsw

wf 38.5

kN
m

LC2

wf 1.25 wD wsw

wf 34.4

kN
m

P f 1.5P L

P f 45 kN

factored load:

factored moment:

LC1

LC2

Mf
Mf

wf L

Mf 275 kN m

8
wf L

kN
m

LC2 produces most unfavourable effect

Pf L
2

Mf 455 kN m

factored moment, Mf 455 kN m

Step 2: Select a steel ratio and calcualte the resistance factor

balanced steel ratio:

700MPa fc
700MPa f f
y y

1 c 1
s

assume 0.5b for initial trial section

resistance factor:

Kr s fy 1

21 c fc
s fy

b 2.24 %
1.12 %
Kr 3.26 MPa

Reinforced Concrete Design

CIVL1622

Page 16 of 20

Calculation Sheet:

February 17, 2015

Assignment #3 Solution

Step 3: Calculate the dimensions of beam cross section assuming d 1.75b (a practical rule of thumb for
the effective depth is anywhere between 1.5 to 2 times the beam width)
Mf = Kr b d

Given

d = 1.75b

b
Find ( b d )
d

b 357 mm

Cross section dimensions for trial section

width
:
effective depth

d 625 mm
b 350mm
d 625 mm

Step 4: Calculate the area of reinforcement and determine the size and number of bars required (check
bar spacing, minimum steel area, concrete cover and crack control)
required steel area:

try 4 No. 30 bars:

bar spacing

A s b d

A s 2453 mm

number of bars

n 4

bar diameter

db 29.9mm

cross-sectional area

A b 700mm

A s n Ab

A s 2800 mm

2
2

assume maximum nominal aggregate size amax 20mm

minimum spacing:

smin max 1.4db 1.4amax 30mm

actual spacing:

b 2cs 2ds n db
n1
s 43 mm > smin 42 mm

Check Crack Control

smin 42 mm

dc cs ds
y dc
A

spacing okay for 4 No.

30 bars in one layer

dc 66.3 mm
y 66.3 mm

2y b
n

fs 0.6fy
Z fs

db

s 43 mm

dc A

A 11594 mm
fs 240 MPa
Z 22

kN

< 25

kN

mm
mm
okay for exterior exposure

Reinforced Concrete Design

CIVL1622

Page 17 of 20

Calculation Sheet:

February 17, 2015

Assignment #3 Solution

overall depth

h d cs ds

use a section with:

minimum steel area

A smin

db

h 691 mm

2
width:

b 350 mm

overall depth

h 650mm

4 No. 30 bars

A s 2800 mm

0.2MPa.5 fc

bh

A smin 569 mm

fy

A s 2800 mm

> Asmin 569 mm

okay

Step 5: Use the final dimensions (i.e., b 350 mm and h 650 mm ) and the steel area ( As 2800 mm )
to re-calculate the factored moment, Mf , and the moment resistance, Mr (i.e., make sure that
Mr Mf )
2

cross-sectional area of beam

A c b h

A c 227500 mm

self weight of beam:

wsw Ac

wsw 5.35

factored load:

wf 1.25 wsw wD

wf 31.7

Mf

factored moment:

wf L

effective depth

d h cs ds

steel ratio

resistance factor

Kr s fy 1

moment capacity

Mr Kr b d

kN
m

Pf L
Mf 434 kN m

db
2

kN
m

d 584 mm

As

1.37 %

bd

21 c fc
s fy

Kr 3.84 MPa

Mr 458 kN m > Mf 434 kN m

Mr 458 kN m
okay

Reinforced Concrete Design

CIVL1622

Page 18 of 20

Calculation Sheet:

February 17, 2015

Assignment #3 Solution

Design Sketch

4 No 30 Bars

Alternative Solution
5 No. 25 bars

bar spacing

n 5

bar diameter

db 25.2mm

cross-sectional area

A b 500mm

steel area:

A s n Ab

width

b 350mm

effective depth

d 625mm

2
2

A s 2500 mm

assume maximum nominal aggregate size amax 20mm

minimum spacing:

actual spacing:

number of bars

smin max 1.4db 1.4amax 30mm

smin 35.3 mm

b 2cs 2ds n db
n1

s 30 mm < smin 35 mm

No. 25 bars will not fit in

a single layer

Reinforced Concrete Design

CIVL1622

Page 19 of 20

Calculation Sheet:

February 17, 2015

Assignment #3 Solution

db
db
smin
2
2
24.2 mm

2A b
yc

5Ab

check crack control

dc cs ds

db

dc 63.9 mm

y dc yc

bars are in two layers

2y b
n

A 12333 mm

fs 0.6fy
3

Z fs

dc A 22.2
kN

Z 22.2

overall depth

h d cs ds

use a section with:

minimum steel area

A smin

db

fs 240 MPa

< 25

mm

yc

kN
mm

kN
mm

okay for exterior exposure.

h 713 mm

width:

b 350 mm

overall depth

h 700mm

5 No. 25 bars

A s 2500 mm

0.2MPa.5

fc

fy
2

A s 2500 mm

A smin 613 mm

bh
2

> Asmin 613 mm

okay
2

Step 5: Use the final dimensions (i.e., b 350 mm and h 700 mm ) and the steel area ( As 2500 mm )
to re-calculate the factored moment, Mf , and the moment resistance, Mr (i.e., make sure that
Mr Mf )
2

Cross-sectional area of beam

A c b h

A c 245000 mm

self weight of beam:

wsw Ac

wsw 5.77

factored load:

wf 1.25 wD wsw

factored moment:

Mf

wf L
8

Pf L
2

kN
m
kN
wf 32.2
m
Mf 438 kN m

Reinforced Concrete Design

CIVL1622

Page 20 of 20

Calculation Sheet:

February 17, 2015

Assignment #3 Solution

effective depth

d h cs ds

steel ratio

resistance factor

Kr s fy 1

moment capacity

Mr Kr b d

db
2

yc

As

1.17 %

bd

21 c fc
s fy

Mr 442 kN m > Mf 438 kN m

Design Sketch

5 No 25 Bars

d 612 mm

Kr 3.37 MPa
Mr 442 kN m
okay