New

Inside Out
Pre-intermediate
Companion
French Edition

Sue Kay, Vaughan Jones & Jill Leatherbarrow

Welcome to the New Inside Out Pre-intermediate Companion!

What information does the New Inside Out Companion give you?
a summary of key words and phrases from each unit of New Inside Out Pre-intermediate Students Book
pronunciation of the key words and phrases
translations of the key words and phrases
sample sentences showing the words and phrases in context
a summary of the Grammar Extra Reference from New Inside Out Pre-intermediate Students Book

Abbreviations used in the Companion

(art) article

(phr v) phrasal verb

(m) masculine

(v) verb

(pron) pronoun

(pl n) plural noun

(v*) irregular verb

(prep) preposition

(adv) adverb

(adj) adjective

(det) determiner

(conj) conjunction

(n) noun

(f) feminine

VOWELS AND DIPHTHONGS

CONSONANTS

//

big fish

/bg f/

/:/

calm start

/k:m st:t/

/p/

pen

/pen/

/s/

snake

/snek/

/:/

green beans

/gri:n bi:nz/

//

hot spot

/ht spt/

/b/

bad

/bd/

/z/

noise

/nz/

//

should look

/d lk/

//

ear

//

/t/

tea

/ti:/

//

shop

/p/

/u:/

blue moon

/blu: mu:n/

/e/

face

/fes/

/d/

dog

/dg/

//

measure

/me /

/e/

ten eggs

/ten egz/

//

pure

/pj /

/t/

church

/t:t/

/m/

make

/mek/

//

about mother

/bat m/

//

boy

/b/

/d/

jazz

/dz/

/n/

nine

/nan/

/:/

learn words

/l:n w:dz/

//

nose

/nz/

/k/

cost

/kst/

//

sing

/s/

/:/

short talk

/:t t:k/

/e/

hair

/he/

/g/

girl

/g:l/

/h/

house

/has/

//

fat cat

/ft kt/

/a/

eye

/a/

/f/

far

/f: /

/l/

leg

/leg/

//

must come

/mst km/

/a/

mouth

/ma/

/v/

voice

/vs/

/r/

red

/red/

//

thin

/n/

/w/

wet

/wet/

//

then

/en/

/j/

yes

/jes/

Unit 1 (p.4)
about (30/50/60 etc) (prep)

/bat/

environ (30/50/60 etc)

How old is Ben? I think hes about 30.

actually (adv) (TS)

/kuli/
rellement

My friends call me Ben. Actually my old friends call me

Tree.

amaze (v)
/mez/
stupfier

President Roosevelt amazed his staff by remembering

nearly everyones name.

at least

/t list/

au moins

Repeat the name in your head at least three times.

banker (n)

/bk/

banquier

A banker is someone who has an important job in a bank.

break the law

/brek l/

enfreindre la loi

If you break the law, you do something that is illegal.

breeze (n)

/briz/

brise

A breeze is a light, gentle wind.

call (v)

/kl/ 1) appeler, nommer qn

2) appeler qn (par tl.)

carefully (adv)
/kefli/
attentivement

choose (v)

/uz/

(Sense 1) My English friends call me Marie.

(Sense 2) I can always call Dave if Im feeling down.
When you meet someone for the first time, listen
carefully to their name.

choisir

Choosing a name for your child is an important decision.

close friend (n)

/kls frend/
ami proche

A close friend is a friend you like a lot and spend a lot of

time with.

decision (n)

/dsn/

decision

Choosing a name for your child is an important decision.

earn (v)

/n/

gagner

Bankers earn a lot of money and are very rich.

exercise (v)
/ekssaz/
entraner

When you exercise your brain, you think hard in order to

remember or do something.

fashionable (adj)
/fnbl/
la mode

Its fashionable to choose names of places for childrens

names.

feel down (TS)

/fil dan/

be focused on yourself
/bi fkst n jself/

tre dprim

When Im feeling down, I can always talk to him.

tre concentr sur

soi-mme

If youre too focused on yourself, you wont remember

peoples names.

follow a trend
/fl trend/
suivre une tendance

When people follow a trend, they do something

because it is fashionable.

forehead (n)
/frd; fhed/
front

President Roosevelt visualised the name on the persons

forehead.

friendly (adj)

/frendli/

sympathique

Someone who is friendly is easy to talk to.

have a go

/hv g/

essayer, tenter (de)

Its important to participate in class and have a go.

entendre parler de

Have you ever heard of anyone called Sky, Rain or River?

hear of (phr v)

/hr v/

identify (v)
/adentfa/
identifier

Your name is how you identify yourself and how other

people identify you.

initial (n)

/nl/

initiale

His initials are CDCharles Denroche.

joke (n)

/k/

plaisanterie

Do you enjoy telling jokes at parties?

learner (n)

/ln/

apprenant

A good language learner practises a lot.

left-handed (adj)

/lefthndd/

gaucher

Someone who is left-handed writes with their left hand.

like best
/lak best/
prfrer

What do you like best in class reading, writing,

speaking or listening?

local (adj)
/lkl/
du quartier

Dont name your child after your local pizza restaurant or

shopping mall!

maiden name (n)

/medn nem/
nom de jeune fille

A womans maiden name is her surname before she was

married.

make a good impression

/mek gd mpren/
faire une bonne impression Remembering peoples names always makes a good

impression.
meaning (n)

/min/

sens, signification

Does your name have a special meaning?

memorable (adj)
/mem()rbl/
mmorable

Something memorable about a persons appearance is

something that is easy to remember about the way they
look.

memory (n)
/mem()ri/
mmoire

Ive got a bad memory I can never remember new

vocabulary.

middle-aged (adj)

/mdled/

dun ge moyen

Someone who is middle-aged is between about 45 and 55.

name (v)

/nem/

nommer

Madonna named her daughter Lourdes.

nommer qn daprs
qn/qch.

She named her daughter Lourdes after the town in

France.

name sb after sb/sth (phr v)

/nem ft/

nature (n)

/ne/

nature

Names like Sky, River and Rain all come from nature.

notebook (n)

/ntbk/

carnet

Write new vocabulary in a notebook.

nowadays (adv)
/nadez/
de nos jours

original (adj)

/rn()l/

Nowadays a lot of people name their children after

famous people.

original

People with unusual or original names often feel special.

parking ticket (n)

/pk tkt/

contravention de
stationnement

Unfortunately when we got back to the car, we had a

parking ticket!

pay attention
/pe tenn/
faire attention

popular (adj)

/ppjl/

The first step in remembering someones name is to pay

attention.

la mode

Beyonc and Britney were popular names a few years ago.

Really?
/rli/
Vraiment ?

We went to a fabulous new restaurant in town.

Really? What is it called?

recent (adj)
/risnt/
rcent

A recent survey showed that people with unusual names

feel special.

record (v)

/rkd/

consigner, enregister

Its a good idea to record new words in a notebook.

religious (adj)

/rls/

religieux

Mary is a religious name.

remember (v)

/rmemb/

se rappeler

Do you find it easy to remember peoples names?

retired (adj)

/rtad/

retrait

Someone who is retired no longer works.

review (v)
/rvju/
rviser

Its important to record and constantly review new

language.

shopping mall (n)

/p ml/
centre commercial

A shopping mall is a very large building with a lot of

shops.

shy (adj)
/a/
timide

Someone who is shy feels nervous when they are with

other people.

side of the family

/sad v fmli/
ct de la famille

Which side of the family is bigger your mothers side or

your fathers side?

speak out (phr v)

/spik at/

sexprimer

People who are shy find it difficult to speak out in class.

staff (n)
/stf/
personnel

stay in touch (TS)

/ste n t/

President Roosevelt amazed his staff by remembering

nearly everyones name.

garder contact

Dave and I stay in touch by email and phone.

step (n)
/step/
tape

What are the four easy steps for remembering someones

name?

stressed (adj)
/strest/
stress

Someone who is stressed is worried or nervous because

they have a lot of problems.

subtitles (n pl)

/sbtatlz/

sous-titres

Do you watch English DVDs with English subtitles?

survey (n)
/sve/
tude

taste (v)

/test/

A recent survey showed that people with unusual names

feel special.

goter

The sushi is fantastic the best Ive ever tasted!

the past (n)

/ pst/
le pass

In the past parents named their children after family

relatives.

train (v)
/tren/
entraner

Learning new words is a good way of training your

memory.

trend (n)
/trend/
vogue, tendance

Nowadays naming children after places has become a

trend.

typical (adj)

/tpkl/

typique

Pedro is a typical Spanish name.

unfortunately (adv)
/nf()ntli/
malheureusement

unusual (adj)

/njul/

Unfortunately when we got back to the car, we had a

parking ticket!

inhabituel

Do you prefer names that are unusual and original?

visualise (v)
/vlaz/
visualiser

President Roosevelt visualised the name on the persons

forehead.

wonder (v)
/wnd/
se demander

I wonder if everyone with an unusual or original name

feels special.

Family members Membres de la famille

aunt (n)

/ant/

tante

Your aunt is the sister of your mother or father.

boyfriend (n)

/bfrend/

petit ami

Does Marie have a boyfriend? I dont know.

brother (n)

/br/

frre

Maries brother calls her Baby.

brother-in-law (n)
/brnl/
beau-frre

Your brother-in-law is the brother of your husband or

wife.

child (n)/children (pl)

/ald/ldrn/

enfant (s)

Some people name their children after famous people.

cousin (n)

/kzn/

cousin (e)

Your cousins are the children of your aunt or uncle.

daughter (n)
/dt/
fille

Madonna named her daughter Lourdes, after the town in

France.

ex-husband (n)

/ekshzbnd/

ex-mari

Your ex-husband is the man you are divorced from.

ex-wife (n)

/ekswaf/

ex-femme

Your ex-wife is the woman you are divorced from.

father (n)

/fa/

pre

Your father is your male parent.

father-in-law (n)

/fanl/

beau-pre

Your father-in-law is your wifes or husbands father.

girlfriend (n)

/glfrend/

petite amie

Dave listened to me when I had girlfriend problems.

granddaughter (n)
/grndt/
petite-fille

grandfather (n)

/grnfa/

Your granddaughter is the daughter of your son or

daughter.

grand-pre

Your grandfather is the father of your mother or father.

grandmother (n)
/grnm/
grand-mre

grandson (n)

/grnsn/

Your grandmother is the mother of your mother or

father.

petit-fils

Your grandson is the son of your daughter or son.

great grandfather (n)

/gret grnfa/
arrire grand-pre

Your great-grandfather is the father of your

grandmother or grandfather.

great grandmother (n)

/gret grnm/
arrire grand-mre

Your great-grandmother is the mother of your

grandmother or grandfather.

half-brother (n)
/hafbr/
demi-frre

A half-brother is a brother who has either the same

mother or the same father as you.

half-sister (n)
/hafsst/
demi-sur

A half-sister is a sister who has either the same mother

or the same father as you.

mother (n)

/m/

mre

Your mother is your female parent.

mother-in-law (n)

/mnl/

belle-mre

Your mother-in-law is your wifes or husbands mother.

nephew (n)

/nefju/

neveu

Your nephew is a son of your brother or sister.

niece (n)

/nis/

nice

Your niece is a daughter of your brother or sister.

parents (n pl)
/pernts/
parent

In the past, parents named their children after important

family relatives.

partner (n)
/patn/
partenaire

Your partner is the person you live with but who you are
not married to.

relative (n)

/reltv/

parent

Your relatives are the people in your family.

sister (n)

/sst/

sur

Bens sisters call him Big Ben.

sister-in-law (n)

/sstnl/

belle-sur

Your sister-in-law is the sister of your husband or wife.

son (n)
/sn/
fils

David and Victoria Beckham named their son Brooklyn

after an area in New York.

stepfather (n)

/stepfa/

beau-pre

Your stepfather is your mothers second husband.

stepmother (n)

/stepm/

belle-mre (martre)

Your stepmother is your fathers second wife.

twin (n)
/twn/
jumeau (jumelle)

uncle (n)

/kl/

A twin is one of two children born at the same time to

the same mother.

oncle

Your uncle is the brother of your father or mother.

Unit 2 (p.12)
adventure (n)
/dven/
aventure

If youre looking for adventure, dont go to Dahab its

quiet there.

air conditioning (n)

/e kndn/
air conditionn

Its hot in summer, but fortunately my office has air

conditioning.

architecture (n)

/aktek/

architecture

The architecture in Rio is a mixture of old and new.

buzzing (adj)

/bz/

bourdonnant, vibrant

Reykjavik is small but the nightlife is buzzing.

contrast (n)

/kntrast/

contraste

Iceland is a land of ice and fire full of contrasts.

currency (n)
/krnsi/
unit montaire

The currency of a country is the type of money that is

used there.

dance floor (n)

/dans fl/
piste de danse

We went to a disco at 2.00 a.m. and were surprised to see

only a few people on the dance floor.

delicious (adj)

/dls/

dlicieux

In Shanghai you can eat delicious noodles in the street.

go diving

/g dav/

faire de la plonge

You can go diving in the Red Sea if you like!

do everything wrong
/du evri r/
faire tout faux

dream holiday (n)

/drim hlde/

They do everything wrong here, but the quality of life

is great!

vacances de rve

Win a Dream Holiday for two in our competition!

energetic (adj) (TS)

/enetk/
nergique

Argentinian people are loud, energetic and really good

fun.

enjoy yourself (v refl)

/n jself/
samuser

The quality of life is great and people know how to enjoy

themselves.

enough (det.)

/nf/

suffisament

Its important to get enough sleep.

excitement (n)
/ksatmnt/
agitation

Do you like holidays with excitement, adventure and

parties?

fall in love (with)

/fl n lv/

tomber amoureux (de)

Now I understand why people fall in love with Africa.

fire (n)

/fa/

feu

Iceland is a land of contrasts -- of ice and fire.

flamingo (n)

/flmg/

flamant rose

Flamingos are tall pink birds that live near water.

freezing (adj)

/friz/

gel

The air in Iceland is freezing but the springs are very hot.

go back (phr v)

/g bk/

retourner

Africa is great and I want to go back there.

good fun (TS)

/gd fn/
trs gai

Argentinian people are loud, energetic and really good

fun.

hate (v) (TS)

/het/

har

I really hate living here. Its horrible.

hippo (n)
/hp/
hippopotame

Hippos are large African animals with thick, grey skin that
live near rivers.

hot springs (n pl)

/ht sprz/
geyser

Hot springs consist of hot water that comes up from

under the ground.

ice (n)

/as/

glace

Iceland is a land of contrasts -- of ice and fire.

island (n)

/alnd/

le

An island is an area of land that is surrounded by water.

Im kidding.
/am kd/
je plaisante

My parents live in Hollywood. Really? No, Im

kidding, they live near South Beach.

leave sb in peace (TS)

/liv smbdi n pis/
laisser qn en paix

There are too many tourists. Why dont they leave us in

peace?

lion (n)

/lan/

lion

A lion is a large African animal with golden fur.

be a long way from

/bi l we frm/
tre loin de

Iceland is a long way from the rest of Europe but its very
up-to-date.

lucky (adj)
/lki/
chanceux

Were lucky with our hotel its near the city centre and
we have a fantastic view.

a mixture of

/ mksr v/

un mlange de

The architecture in Rio is a mixture of old and new.

nightlife (n)
/natlaf/
vie nocturne

There are lots of discos and clubs here the nightlife is

great!

noodles (n pl)

/nudlz/

nouilles

In Shanghai you can eat delicious noodles in the street.

on your own (TS)

/n jr n/

tout(e) seul(e)

Emma flew to Buenos Aires on her own.

originally (adv)

/rn()li/

lorigine

I live in New York but Im originally from England.

peace and quiet

/pis n kwat/
paix et tranquilit

plenty of (TS)

/plenti v/

Im not really interested in nightlife I prefer peace and

quiet.

beaucoup de

In Rio there are plenty of restaurants, cafs and bars.

quality of life (n)

/kwlti v laf/
qualit de vie

The quality of life is great and people know how to

enjoy themselves.

relax (v)

/rlks/

se relaxer

You can go diving or just relax on the beach.

scenery (n)

/sinri/

paysage

The scenery in Africa is spectacular.

seat (n)

/sit/

place assise

The bus is very crowded but I usually get a seat.

faire des courses

jusqu puisement

If you shop till you drop, you shop for a long time
until you feel very tired.

spectaculaire

In Africa the scenery is spectacular.

shop till you drop

/p tl j drp/

spectacular (adj)

/spektkjl/

traffic (n)
/trfk/
circulation

Everyone has a car nowadays and theres too much traffic

on the roads.

have trouble doing sth

/hv trbl du sm/

avoir des difficults

faire qch.

We went out to dinner at 11.30 p.m. and had trouble

getting a table.

up-to-date (adj)
/ptdet/

au got du jour,
la mode

A place that is up-to-date is modern and exciting.

welcome (n)

/welkm/

accueil

In Dahab, youll find the best welcome in Egypt.

welcoming (adj)

/welkm/

accueillant

African people are friendly and welcoming.

without a doubt
/wat dat/
sans aucun doute

Shanghai is, without a doubt, the best place on earth

for shopping!

Adjectives to describe places Adjectifs pour dcrire les lieux

beautiful (adj)
/bjutfl/
beau, belle

The countryside is beautiful and the air is lovely and

clean.

big (adj)

/bg/

grand

Paulo loves Rio he thinks its big and exciting.

boring (adj)

/br/

ennuyant

Armelle thinks the village is dull and boring at night.

clean (adj)
/klin/
propre

The countryside is beautiful and the air is lovely and

clean.

crowded (adj)
/kradd/

bond, rempli par

la foule

Venice is very noisy and crowded, especially in the

summer.

dirty (adj)

/dti/

sale

The canals in Venice are so dirty and polluted.

dull (adj)

/dl/

ennuyeux, triste

I find it dull here there arent any discos or cinemas.

exciting (adj)

/ksat/

passionnant, excitant

Why do you like Rio? Its big and exciting.

expensive (adj)

/kspensv/

cher

Because of the tourists, the shops are too expensive.

fabulous (adj)
/fbjls/
fabuleux

Win a dream holiday in one of these fabulous

destinations!

hot (adj)
/ht/
chaud (trs)

I dont like Rio much in the summer; its too hot and
humid.

humid (adj)

/hjumd/

humide

Whats the weather like? Its hot and humid.

interesting (adj)

/ntrst/

intressant

In big cities, there are lots of interesting places to visit.

lovely (adj)

/lvli/

ravissant

The air in the countryside is lovely and clean.

modern (adj)

/md()n/

moderne

Shanghai is a modern, up-to-date city.

noisy (adj)
/nzi/
bruyant

polluted (adj)

/plutd/

There are too many tourists. It gets very noisy and

crowded.

pollu

The canals in Venice are very dirty and polluted.

romantic (adj)
/rmntk/
romantique

A lot of people think Venice is a special place a very

romantic city.

small (adj)

/sml/

petit

Armelle lives in a small village with her parents.

spectacular (adj)

/spektkjl/

spectaculaire

The view of the city from our hotel room is spectacular.

Compass directions Points cardinaux

centre (n)

/sent/

centre

Ankara is in the centre of Turkey.

north (n/adj)

/n/

nord

Hollywood is north of Los Angeles.

north-east (n/adj)

/nist/

nord-est

Manchester is just north-east of Liverpool.

north-west (n/adj)
/nwest/
nord-ouest

Manchester and Liverpool are in the north-west of

England.

south (n/adj)

/sa/

sud

Los Angeles is south of Hollywood.

south-east (n/adj)

/saist/

sud-est

London is in the south-east of England.

south-west (n/adj)

/sawest/

sud-ouest

Cornwall is a region in the south-west of England.

east (n/adj)

/ist/

est

Berlin is in the east of Germany.

west (n/adj)

/west/

ouest

Los Angeles is on the west coast of the USA.

Places in a city Lieux dans une ville

art gallery (n)

/t gl()ri/

galerie dart

Paris has a lot of wonderful museums and art galleries.

bar (n)

/b/

bar

There are lots of interesting cafs and bars in Rio.

beach (n)
/bi/
plage

Copacabana Beach is the most famous beach in the

world.

bridge (n)

/br/

pont

The Rialto Bridge is a very famous bridge in Venice.

canal (n)

/knl/

canal

In Venice the canals are dirty and polluted.

car park (n)

/k pk/
parking

It can be difficult to park in big cities as the car parks are

often full.

castle (n)

/ksl/

chteau

Theres a very famous castle in Edinburgh on top of a hill.

cathedral (n)

/kidrl/

cathdrale

A cathedral is a very big church in a city.

church (n)
//
glise

San Marco in Venice is one of the most famous churches

in the world.

fountain (n)
/fantn/
fountaine

A fountain is a structure through which water rises into

the air and falls again.

high-rise buildings (n pl)

/ha raz bldz/
hautes tours

In some parts of Rio there are too many high-rise

buildings.

hill (n)

/hl/

colline

The statue in Rio stands on top of a hill.

library (n)
/labrri/
bibliothque

A library is a building where you go to read or borrow

books.

mosque (n)

/msk/

mosque

A mosque is a building in which Muslims worship.

museum (n)

/mjuzim/

muse

Paris has a lot of wonderful museums and art galleries.

park (n)
/pk/
parc

The big park in the centre of New York is called Central

Park.

restaurant (n)

/rest()rnt/

restaurant

There are plenty of cheap restaurants and bars in Rio.

sea (n)

/si/

mer

Dahab is a town in Egypt by the Red Sea.

shopping centre (n)

/p sent/

centre commercial

There are lots of shopping centres in Shanghai.

square (n)

/skwe/

place

Piazza is the Italian word for square.

statue (n)

/stu/

statue

The statue in Rio stands on top of a hill.

theatre (n)

/t/

thtre

A theatre is a building where you go to see plays.

aventure
(extra-conjugale)

Lady Moons husband didnt hide his affair and this made
her feel really bad.

Unit 3 (p.20)
affair (n)
/fe/

cameraman (n)
/kmrmn/
camraman

A cameraman is someone who uses a camera to make

films or TV programmes.

canteen (n) (TS)

/kntin/
cantine

Fred went to the canteen and this little lady was serving
lunch.

cellar (n)
/sel/
cave

A cellar is a room at the bottom of a house where you

can keep things.

collection (n)
/knekn/
collection, choix

Lady Moons husband had a collection of fine wines in

the cellar.

10

contestant (n)
/kntestnt/
participant, concurrent

Contestants Rosie and Dave want to win the 10,000

prize.

correctly (adv)
/krektli/
correctement

The old man predicted the weather correctly and saved

the director thousands of dollars.

doorstep (n)
/dstep/
seuil, pas de porte

She went round the village and put a bottle of wine on

each doorstep.

film (v)

/flm/

filmer

The director was filming an important film in the desert.

filming (n)
/flm/
tournage

The director and the cameraman talked about the next

days filming.

find out (phr v)

/fand at/
dcouvrir

When she found out her husband was having an affair,

she decided not to leave him.

furious (adj)
/fjris/
furieux

He was furious when Hermione told him she was in a

night club.

game show (n)

/gem /
jeu tlvis

A game show is a TV programme in which people try to

win money.

get your revenge

/get j rven/
prendre sa revanche

When you get your revenge, you do something bad to

someone who has done something bad to you.

heart attack (n) (TS)

/ht tk/

crise cardiaque

She nearly had a heart attack when Fred rang her up.

hide (v)

/had/

cacher

He didnt hide his affair and this made her feel really bad.

be hosted by
/bi hstd ba/
tre anim/dirig par

impressed (adj)

/mprest/

in the background
/n bkgrand/

If a game show is hosted by someone, it is presented by

that person.

impressionn

The director was impressed and gave the old man a job.

dans le fond, en
arrire-plan

When she answered the mobile, music was playing loudly

in the background.

It doesnt matter
/t dznt mt/
Ce nest pas important

Do you agree that it doesnt matter if children lose

touch with their parents?

lover (n)
/lv/
matresse, amant

She was very angry when she saw his car parked outside
his lovers house.

main (adj)
/men/
principal

Do you agree that the main reason for getting married is

to have children?

move (to) (v)

/muv/
dmnager ()

We moved to different places and lost touch with each

other.

operation (n)

/pren/

opration

Dave went into hospital for an operation.

patient (n)
/pent/
patient

A patient is someone who is ill or injured and receives

medical treatment.

11

post (v)
/pst/
annoter

pour (v)

/p/

He posted Hermiones meal to her with a note saying,

Heres your dinner.!

verser

She poured thick white paint over her husbands new car.

predict (v)
/prdkt/
prdire

Someone who predicts something says that it will

happen in the future.

be right
/bi rat/
avoir raison

The old man was right he said Tomorrow rain and

the next day it rained.

same (adj)
/sem/
mme

Rosie and Dave have to give the same answers to the

same questions.

separate (adj)

/sep()rt/

diffrent, spar

Bobby interviews Rosie and Dave in separate studios.

shake your head

/ek j hed/
secouer la tte

be sick (TS)
/bi sk/

If you shake your head, you often mean No. or I

dont know.

tre malade, avoir

Dave said, Nurse, Im going to be sick.
la nause

storm (n)

/stm/

tempte

If there is a storm, there is a lot of wind and rain.

studio (n)

/stjudi/

studio

Bobby interviews Rosie and Dave in separate studios.

on time

/n tam/

lheure

Hermione was always late she never arrived on time.

unsurprisingly (adv)
/nsprazli/
sans surprise

My four friends arrived on time, but unsurprisingly

Hermione didnt.

war memorial (n)

/w mmril/
monument aux morts

She left the other bottles on the war memorial in the

centre of the village.

Adjectives and Adverbs Adjectifs et adverbes

angry (adj)

/gri/

fch

Lady Moon was angry and decided to get her revenge.

angrily (adv)

/grli/

en colre

Where are you? he shouted angrily.

attractive (adj)
/trktv/
attirant(e)

At first he found the differences between himself and

Hermione attractive.

attractively (adv)

/trktvli/

d une manire attirante

She always looks smart and dresses attractively.

bad (adj)

/bd/

mal (adj)

She felt bad because her husband didnt hide his affair.

badly (adv)

/bdli/

mal (adv)

I dont play tennis well in fact I play very badly.

beautiful (adj)
/bjutfl/
beau, belle

beautifully (adv)

/bjutfli/

She poured paint over her husbands beautiful new black

car.

admirablement

Shes very talented and plays the piano beautifully.

12

careful (adj)

/kefl/

prudent

Shes a careful driver.

carefully (adv)

/kef()li/

prudemment

I plan my days carefully.

different (adj)

/dfrnt/

diffrent

Hermione and I were very different.

differently (adv)

/dfrntli/

diffremment

Weve decided to organise things differently this year.

early (adj)

/li/

de bon matin

I hate getting up in the early morning.

early (adv)

/li/

tt, en avance

I always arrived early; she always arrived late.

good (adj)

/gd/

bon

Hermiones ex-boyfriend is a good cook.

late (adj)

/let/

tard

If you have a late night, it means you go to bed late.

late (adv)

/let/

en retard, tardivement

I always arrived early; she always arrived late.

loud (adj)

/lad/

bruyant

Its difficult to have a conversation when the musics loud.

loudly (adv)
/ladli/
bruyamment

quick (adj)

/kwk/

When she answered her mobile, music was playing loudly

in the background.

rapide

They came to see us for a quick visit.

quickly (adv)
/kwkli/
rapidement

Be quiet! (adj)

/bi kwat/

She quickly drove home and put a pot of paint into her
car.

Sois /soyez tranquille(s)!

Theres too much noise. Please be quiet!

quietly (adv)
/kwatli/
tranquillement

Lady Moon quietly placed a bottle of wine on each

doorstep.

tidy (adj)
/tadi/
soign(e)

A tidy person always makes sure things are in the correct

place.

tidily (adv)

/tadli/

soigneusement

Everything on the desk was arranged tidily.

unhappy (adj)
/nhpi/
malheureux(se)

Her husband didnt hide his affair and this made her
unhappy.

unhappily (adv)
/nhpli/
malheureusement

She thought it was better to be unhappily married than

not married at all.

well (adv)

/wel/

bien

I cook well so I decided to have a dinner party.

Adjectives ending in ed and ing Adjectifs se terminant par et ant

annoyed (adj)
/nd/
contrari

When the dog makes a lot of noise, the neighbours get

annoyed.

annoying (adj)

/n/

contrariant

Its annoying when the dog makes a lot of noise.

bored (adj)

/bd/

ennuy

The students are often bored in lessons.

13

boring (adj)

/br/

ennuyant

Sometimes, our lessons are very boring.

confused (adj)

/knfjuzd/

embrouill

Looking at the map, I was confused.

confusing (adj)
/knfjuz/
embrouillant

The map wasnt easy to understand it was very

confusing.

depressed (adj)
/dprest/
dprim

England fans were depressed at the score: Brazil 6

England 0.

depressing (adj)

/dpres/

dprimant

Brazil 6 England 0 is a depressing score for England fans.

embarrassed (adj)

/mbrst/

embarrass

Children are sometimes embarrassed by their parents.

embarrassing (adj)
/mbrs/
embarrassant

Parents sometimes do things that their children think are

embarrassing.

excited (adj)

/ksatd/

excit

Excited spectators watched the race.

exciting (adj)

/ksat/

excitant

The race is very exciting.

frightened (adj)

/fratnd/

effray

Are you frightened of dogs?

frightening (adj)

/fratn/

effrayant

Some people think dogs are frightening.

interested (adj)

/ntrstd/

intress

Are you interested in football?

interesting (adj)

/ntrst/

interessant

Shes a good teacher her lessons are very interesting.

surprised (adj)

/sprazd/

surpris

The boy got 90% in his exam and was very surprised.

surprising (adj)

/spraz/

surprenant

He got a surprising 90% in the exam.

tired (adj)

/tad/

fatigu

I often feel tired after work.

tiring (adj)

/tar/

fatigant

Work can be very tiring.

Expressions with get Expressions avec get

1) get a text message
/get tekst mes/

get a job

/get b/

get new shoes

/get nju uz/

2) get better

/get bet/

get dark
/get dk/

get warm

/get wm/

recevoir , trouver
un message

How many text messages do you get a day?

trouver un travail

I want to get a job for the summer.

trouver des nouvelles

chaussures

Im going shopping; I want to get some new shoes.

devenir/aller mieux

He works hard and is getting better at English.

devenir sombre,
faire nuit

It gets dark early in the winter.

devenir/faire chaud

In the summer, it can get very warm.

14

3) get home

/get hm/

arriver la maison

/get t wk/

arriver au travail

What time do you get to work in the morning?

se changer

I got changed and went to play football.

shabiller

I had a shower and got dressed.

se marier

Do you want to get married?

(bien) sentendre

Do you get on with your brothers and sisters?

se retrouver, tre
ensemble

Shall we all get together for a drink?

se lever

He usually gets up at 7.30 in the morning.

What time do you get home?

get there
/get e/
arriver l, y arriver
It takes me 20 minutes to get to school; I leave home at
8.30 and get there at 8.50.
get to work
4) get changed
get dressed
get married
5) get on (phr v)

/get end/
/get drest/

/get mrid/
/get n/

get together (phr v)

/get tge/

get up (phr v)

/get p/

Narrative linkers Mots charnires

A week later
/ wik let/
Une semaine plus tard

A week later, Hermione sent a postcard saying, Too

much salt.!

At first
/t fst/
Au dbut, dabord

At first she was only 15 or 20 minutes late. But she got

later and later.

At the end of (August)

/t i end v/

la fin d(aot)

Its my birthday at the end of August.

Finally (adv)
/fan()li/
Finalement

Finally she took a pair of scissors and cut the arms and
legs off all his suits.

Last year

/lst j/

Lanne dernire

Last year, I went out with Hermione for four months.

Next (adv)

/nekst/

Ensuite

Next she took his collection of wines from the cellar.

One day

/wn de/

Un jour

One day she saw his car parked outside his lovers house.

That evening
/t ivn/
Ce soir-l

That evening my friends arrived on time but Hermione

was late.

That night
/t nat/
Cette nuit-l

That night she went round the village and placed a

bottle of wine on each doorstep.

The next morning

/ nekst mn/

Le lendemain matin

Then (adv)
/en/
Puis, aprs

The next morning I posted her dinner to her.

She drove to the lovers house. Then she poured white
paint over her husbands car.

15

Relationship expressions Locutions exprimant une relation

chat sb up (phr v)
fall in love

/t smbdi p/
/fl n lv/

draguer/allumer qn

She chatted Fred up by saying, Ill be your girl tonight.

tomber amoureux

When did Teresa and Fred first fall in love?

fancy sb (v)
/fnsi smbdi/
se sentir attir par qn

get divorced
get married

/get dvst/
/get mrid/

If you fancy someone, you want to have relationship with

them.

tre divorc, divorcer

Teresa got divorced after 30 years of marriage.

se marier

How old were your parents when they got married?

go out together
/g at tge/
sortir ensemble

They met in Blackpool and went out together for three

months.

have children
/hv ldrn/
avoir des enfants

Do you agree that the main reason for getting married is

to have children?

have a row
/hv ra/

She was very angry and they had a row.

avoir une dispute,

une scne

kiss sb (v)
/ks smbdi/
embrasser qn

When you kiss someone, you touch their face with your
lips to show that you like them.

live together (phr v)

/lv tge/
vivre ensemble

Is it a good idea to live together before you get

married?

lose touch (with sb)

/luz t/

perdre contact (avec qn)

We lost touch with each other after a few months.

meet (sb) (v)

/mit/

rencontrer (qn)

Teresa and Fred first met fifty years ago.

meet the parents

/mit pernts/

tre prsent aux parents

I was quite nervous before meeting the parents.

move in together
/muv n tge/
emmnager ensemble

ring sb up (phr v)
split up (phr v)

/r smbdi p/

When two people move in together, they start living

together in the same house or flat.

appeler qn (par tl.)

Fred rang her up and they met soon after that.

/splt p/

se sparer

When two people split up, they end their relationship.

/ren t du sm/

convenir de faire qch.

One day we arranged to meet in a caf.

Review A (p.28)
arrange to do sth

chat (v)
/t/
bavarder

confident (adj)

/knfd()nt/

We chatted and I discovered Mark was an interesting

person.

sr de soi

Adriana knew everyone and was very confident.

16

cool (adj)

/kul/

cool

I liked her but thought she was too cool.

far too much/many

/f tu m/meni/

bien trop de

We eat far too much chocolate/far too many chocolates.

a first impression of sb

/ fst mpren v
smbdi/

une premire
What was your first impression of your best friend?
impression de qn

generous (adj)
/enrs/
gnreux

Debs a fantastic person shes very generous and a lot

of fun.

get into trouble

/get nt trbl/

se mettre dans
des problmes

We were naughty at school and got into trouble!

bien de sa personne

Someone who is good-looking has an attractive face.

good-looking (adj)

/gdlk/

home town (n)

/hm tan/
ville natale

Your home town is the town where you were born or

grew up.

immediately (adv)
/miditli/
immdiatement

Deb and Liz met in a caf and liked each other

immediately.

internet chat site (n)

/ntnet t sat/

site internet de chat

laugh (v)
/lf/
rire

a living (n sing.)

/ lv/

We met on an internet chat site in 2003.

Woody made me laugh 20 years ago and he makes me
laugh now!

gagner sa vie/ pour vivre

What do you do for a living? Im a nurse.

look like

/lk lak/

ressembler

He looks very young, in fact he looks like a student.

mean (v)

/min/

signifier

What does your name mean?

mistake (n)

/mstek/

erreur

I do my work carefully I never make mistakes!

naughty (adj)

/nti/

mchant

We were naughty at school and got into trouble!

online (adv)
/nlan/
en ligne, online

They talked online all the time and one day they
arranged to meet.

public transport (n)

/pblk trnspt/
transports publics

Public transport is transport that everyone can use such

as buses and trains.

similar (adj)
/sml/
semblable

Deb and Liz are very similar they both lived abroad and
both had parents who got divorced.

single (adj)
/sgl/
clibataire

Someone who is single is not married or does not have a

partner.

wake up (phr v)

/wek p/

se rveiller

They were watching TV when the baby woke up.

17

Unit 4 (p.32)
according to
/kd tu/
selon, daprs

According to environmental groups, cheap clothes are

bad for the environment.

across the UK/Spain etc

/krs juke/spen/

travers/dans tout le
New stores are opening across the UK, Spain and Ireland.
Royaume-Uni/ lEspagne etc

afford to do sth
/fd t du sm/

avoir les moyens de

faire qch.

agree (v)
/gri/
tre daccord

Jim cant afford to buy electronic equipment its too

expensive.
Most men only agree to go shopping when they really
need something.

appointment (n)

/pntmnt/

rendez-vous

Its annoying when people are late for appointments.

on average

/n vr/

en moyenne

On average, people buy 50 items of clothing a year.

avoid (v)

/vd/

viter

Why does Conor avoid going into supermarkets?

book review (n)

/bk rvju/
critique dun livre

I dont bother to do sth

/a dnt b t du
sm/

A book review is an article in which someone gives their

opinion about a book they have read.

je ne membte pas
faire qch.

Some women dont bother to look at the price tag before

they buy.

je ne me donne pas
le mal de ..

brightly coloured (adj)

/bratli kld/

de couleur vive

Do you prefer dark or brightly coloured clothes?

compare (v)

/kmpe/

comparer

I enjoy comparing prices and quality in different shops.

consumer (n)

/knsjum/

consommateur

Consumers pay low prices for clothes at Primark.

cry (v) (TS)

/kra/

pleurer

When Eddies sister read the card, she cried!

damage (v)
/dm/
abmer

dark (adj)

/dk/

Friends of the Earth say cheap clothes are damaging the

environment.

sombre

Do you prefer dark or brightly coloured clothes?

diamond ring (n)

/damnd r/
bague avec un diamant

digital (adj)

/dtl/

digitale

Do you have digital TV?

disaster (n) (TS)

/dzst/
dsastre

disposable (adj)

/dspzbl/

He bought her an expensive diamond ring for her

birthday.
She didnt like the present and cried when she read the
card. What a disaster!

jeter, jetable

You cant recycle cheap clothes they are disposable.

18

the environment (n sing.)

/i nvarnmnt/
lenvironnement

The environment is the natural world we live in,

including land, water and air.

environmental group (n)

/nvarnmentl grup/
groupe cologiste

Environmental groups want to protect the

environment.

eventually (adv) (TS)

/venuli/

finalement

Eventually Eddie found a really good present a foot spa.

exchange (v)

/ksen/

changer

Can I exchange the top if it doesnt fit?

the fashion pages (n pl)

/ fn pez/

pages de mode

Are you interested in the fashion pages of magazines?

fit (v)

/ft/

aller (vtement)

If clothes fit you, they are the right size for you.

foot spa (n) (TS)

/ft sp/
pdiluve, bain de pied

A foot spa is a piece of equipment which you fill with

water and put your feet into to relax.

funny (adj) (TS)

/fni/
drle

I bought a lovely card for her and wrote a funny message

inside.

gadget (n)

/gt/

gadget

A lot of men like electronic gadgets.

get dressed/undressed

/get drest/ndrest/

shabiller, se dshabiller

I always get dressed before breakfast.

give somebody a lift

/gv smbdi lft/

prendre/emmener qn
Will you give me a lift to the station?
(en voiture)

go mad for sth

/g md f sm/

devenir fou, perdre la

tte pour qch.

Women went mad for the jacket, which cost 12.

aller sur Internet

Eddie went on the internet to find his sister a present.

go on the internet (TS)

/g n i ntnet/

increase (v)
/nkris/
accrotre

Profits are increasing at Primark and new stores are

opening.

intuitive (adj)
/ntjutv/
intuitif

Someone who is intuitive knows the right thing to say or

do.

item of clothing (n)

/atm v kl/

articles dhabillement

On average, people buy 50 items of clothing a year.

jewellery (n)

/ulri/

bijoux

Rings, necklaces and bracelets are all types of jewellery.

keep (v)
/kip/
garder, conserver

Do you agree that a real present is something you can

keep?

last (v)
/lst/
durer

Flowers are lovely but they dont last for more than a
week.

manage to do sth

/mn t du sm/

parvenir faire qch.

Jim never manages to find time to go shopping.

medium (adj)

/midim/

moyen

A medium size is neither big nor small.

I dont mind doing sth

/a dnt mand du
sm/

Cela ne me gne pas

(de faire qch.)

I dont mind spending a long time looking

for clothes.

19

necessity (n)

/nsesti/

ncessit

For Conor shopping is a necessity, not a pleasure.

overjoyed (adj)
/vd/
fou de joie

My husband was overjoyed when I bought him a Swiss

army knife.

planet (n)

/plnt/

plante

Things that you cant recycle are bad for the planet.

present (n)

/preznt/

cadeau

Men and women like different sorts of present.

price tag (n)

/pras tg/
tiquette du prix

Do you always look at the price tag before you buy

clothes?

profits (n pl)
/prfts/
profits

Profits are increasing at Primark and new stores are

opening.

put on (phr v)

/pt n/

mettre qch.

Get dressed means the same as putting clothes on.

real (adj)
/rl/
vrai

Do you agree that a real present is something you can

keep?

receipt (n)
/rsit/
quittance, reu

If you want to exchange something, you must keep the

receipt.

recycle (v)

/risakl/

recycler

Things that you can recycle are good for the planet.

refuse (v)
/rfjuz/
refuser

Why does Jim refuse to go into shoe shops with his

girlfriend?

rename (v)

/rinem/

rebaptiser, renommer

In 2005 Primark was renamed the new Prada.

right (adj)

/rat/

bonne, juste

If clothes fit you, they are the right size for you.

second-hand (adv)

/sekndhnd/

doccasion

You cant sell cheap clothes second-hand.

silly (adj)

/sli/

ridicule

Men dont usually like brightly coloured ties or silly socks.

size (n)

/saz/

taille

What size is she small, medium or large?

spokesperson (n)
/spkspsn/
porte-parole

A spokesperson is someone who expresses the opinion

of a large organisation.

(I) cant stand doing sth

/(a) knt stnd du

sm/

(Je) ne peux supporter

A lot of men cant stand shopping for clothes.
de faire qch.

suit (v)

/sut/

aller (vtement)

Red doesnt really suit me.

surprise (n)
spraz
surprise

I always tell my family I want a surprise for my birthday,

but I never get it.

Swiss army knife (n)

/sws mi naf/
couteau suisse

A Swiss army knife is a knife with a red handle that

does a lot of different things.

take off (phr v)

/tek f/
ter

Taking off your clothes means the same as getting

undressed.

20

try on (phr v)
/tra n/
essayer

When you try clothes on, you put them on to see if they
fit before you buy them.

as usual
/z jul/
comme dhabitude

As usual she didnt really get what she wanted for her
birthday.

Adverbs of frequency Adverbes de frquence

always (adv)
/lwez/
toujours

My family always ask me what I want and I always tell

them the same thing.

hardly ever (adv)

/hdli ev/

presque jamais

Flowers hardly ever last for more than a week.

never (adv)

/nev/

jamais

Jim never manages to find time to go shopping.

rgulirement,
normalement

My girlfriend normally goes shopping without me.

normally (adv)
/nm()li/

occasionally (adv)
/ken()li/
occasionnellement

How often does Conor go into a clothes shop? Only

very occasionally.

often (adv)

/fn/

souvent

Conor often goes into book shops.

rarely (adv)

/reli/

rarement

Jim rarely goes shopping with his girlfriend.

sometimes (adv)

/smtamz/

quelque fois

I sometimes do my food shopping online.

usually (adv)

/juli/

habituellement

She usually goes shopping without me.

Collocations: a box of Locutions : une bote de

a bunch of un bouquet de
a bottle of wine/
perfume/whisky
a box of chocolates/
matches/tissues

/ btl v wan/
pfjum/wski/

/ bks v klts/
mz/tuz/

une bouteille de vin/

parfum/whisky

Can I order a bottle of red wine?

une bote de chocolats/

dallumettes/de mouchoirs

They gave me a box of chocolates for my

birthday.

a bunch of flowers/
/ bn v flaz/
grapes/keys
greps/kiz/

un bouquet de fleurs/
I got lots of bunches of grapes when I was in hospital.
une grappe de raisin/
un trousseau de cls

a can of beans/
/ kn v binz/
petrol/tomatoes
petrl/tmtz/

une bote de haricots/

Pour the can of tomatoes into a saucepan.
un jerrycan dessence/
une bote de tomates

a jar of jam/instant
/ r v m/
coffee/mayonnaise
nstnt kfi/menez/

un pot de confiture/un
He opened a jar of instant coffee.
pot de caf instantan/
un verre de mayonnaise

21

a packet of cigarettes/
/ pkt v sgrets/
crisps/biscuits
krsps/bskts/

un paquet de
How much is a packet of cigarettes?
cigarettes/
chips/gteaux secs

a pair of socks/scissors/
/ per v sks/szz/
jeans
inz/

une paire de
She bought her husband a pair of brightly coloured socks.
chaussettes/ ciseaux/
un jean

a piece of cake/
/ pis v kek/
furniture/wood
fn/wd/

une part de gteau/

A cup of coffee and a piece of cake, please.
un meuble/ un morceau
de bois

Clothes and Accessories Vtements et accessoires

bracelet (n)
/breslt/
bracelet

A bracelet is a piece of jewellery you wear around your

arm.

dress (n)
/dres/
robe

A lot of women prefer wearing jeans to dresses and

skirts.

earrings (n pl)

/rz/

boucles doreille

Earrings are pieces of jewellery you wear in your ears.

gloves (n)
/glvz/
gants

You wear gloves on your hands in winter to keep them

warm.

hat (n)

/ht/

chapeau

He was wearing a woollen hat on his head.

jacket (n)

/kt/

veste

My favourite piece of clothing is my blue denim jacket.

jeans (n pl)

/inz/

jean

The denim jeans in Photo A cost 120.

tricot (de femme),

pull-over

A jumper is a piece of clothing made of wool that covers

your arms and body.

jumper (n)
/mp/

necklace (n)
/nekls/
collier

A necklace is a piece of jewellery that you wear around

your neck.

pyjamas (n pl)

/pmz/

pyjama

Pyjamas are a jacket and trousers that you wear in bed.

raincoat (n)

/renkt/

impermable

In Photo A Jade is wearing a cream cotton raincoat.

scarf (n)
/skrf/
foulard

You wear a scarf round your neck in winter to keep

warm.

shirt (n)
/rt/
chemise

Conor only goes into clothes shops if he needs a new

shirt.

shoes (n pl)

/uz/

chaussures

Do you prefer wearing shoes or trainers?

shorts (n pl)

/ts/

short

In Photos B and D Jade is wearing plain red shorts.

skirt (n)
/skt/
jupe

22

A lot of women prefer wearing jeans to dresses and

skirts.

suit (n)

/sut/

costume

I wear formal clothes such as suits to work.

tie (n)

/ta/

cravatte

Men dont usually like brightly coloured ties.

tights (n pl)
/tats/
collants (vtement)

Tights are a piece of clothing worn by women that cover

the feet and legs.

top (n)

/tp/

haut, top

In Photo D Jade is wearing a blue-and-white striped top.

trainers (n pl)

/trenz/

baskets

Do you prefer wearing shoes or trainers?

vest (n)

/vest/

maillot (de corps)

A vest is a type of T-shirt without sleeves.

waistcoat (n)
/westkt/
gilet

A waistcoat is an item of clothing without sleeves that

you wear over a shirt.

Designs Dessins
checked (adj)
/ekt/
carreaux

floral (adj)

/flrl/

A checked shirt is a shirt with a design of small or large

squares.

fleurs

A floral design is a design with flowers on it.

pinstriped (adj)
/pnstrapt/
rayures fines

People such as bankers or businessmen often wear

pinstriped suits.

plain (adj)

/plen/

uni

A plain shirt or top has no design on it.

striped (adj)

/strapt/

ray

In Photo D shes wearing a blue-and-white striped top.

Materials Tissus
cotton (adj)

/ktn/

coton

Do you prefer cotton or nylon shirts?

denim (adj)

/denm/

denim

Most people have a pair of denim jeans.

leather (adj)

/le/

cuir

He was wearing an expensive pair of leather shoes.

nylon (adj)

/naln/

nylon

I want a pair of black nylon tights.

silk (adj)

/slk/

soie

He likes wearing expensive silk ties.

woollen (adj)
/wln/
(de, en) laine

Woollen hats are fashionable for young people

nowadays.

23

Unit 5 (p.40)
application form (n)

/plken fm/

formulaire de demande

Fill in the application form and post it to us.

awake (adj)

/wek/

rveill

Awake is the opposite of asleep.

be in danger

/bi n den/

tre en danger

Your health is in danger! You must do more exercise.

benefit (n) (TS)

/benft/
bnfice

One of the benefits of laughter is that it reduces the

effects of stress.

boost (v) (TS)

/bust/

stimuler

Laughter boosts the immune system.

busy (adj)

/bzi/

(trs) frquent

Heathrow Airport is busier than Los Angeles Airport.

call off (phr v)

/kl f/

annuler

Nobody can come to my party Id better call it off.

cash (n)

/k/

en espces

Cash is money in the form of notes and coins.

celebrity (n) (TS)

/slebrti/

clbrit, personnalit

Beckham, Alonso and Federer are all sports celebrities.

cheap (adj)

/ip/

bon march

Cheap is the opposite of expensive.

clear up (phr v)

/kl/

remettre en ordre

If you clear something up, you make it clean or tidy.

climb (v)

/klam/

monter

Do you climb more than 100 stairs a day?

complex (adj)

/kmpleks/

compliqu

Do you think that women are more complex than men?

convenient (adj)

/knvinint/

commode

A lot of people find shopping online more convenient.

cycle (v)

/sakl/

aller bicyclette

Do you walk or cycle to school?

dangerously (adv)

/denrsli/

dangereusement

If you scored 20 or less, you are dangerously unfit.

soccuper (de qch),

rgler (une affaire)

I must deal with this problem immediately.

deal with sth (phr v)

/dil w sm/

do the ironing
/du i an/
faire le repassage

When you do the ironing, you make clean clothes

smooth using an iron.

earnings (n pl)
/nz/
salaire

Someones earnings are the amount of money they get

by doing a job.

enjoyable (adj)

/nbl/

agrable

Life is more enjoyable when youre fit.

fill in (phr v)

/fl n/

remplir

Fill in the application form and post it to us.

fit (adj)

/ft/

en forme

If you are fit, you are healthy and active.

freezing (adj) (TS)

/friz/
gel

The swimming pool wasnt heated and the water was

freezing.

24

get ready
/get redi/
tre prt, se prparer

get to sleep

/get t slip/

sendormir

How long does it take you to get to sleep at night?

give away (phr v)

/gv we/
donner

give up (phr v)
/gv p/

If you give something away, you give it to someone else

without asking for money.

abandonner, arrter
Its a good idea to give up smoking.
(de faire qch.)

gorgeous (adj) (TS)

/gs/
magnifique

hang up (phr v)

/h p/

How long does it take you to get ready to go out for the
evening?

Someone who is gorgeous is very good-looking and

healthy.

accrocher

Hang up your clothes when you take them off.

have a laugh

/hv lf/

rire (v.) aux clats

Having a laugh is good for people.

health (n)

/hel/

sant

If you scored 20 or less, your health is in danger.

healthy (adj)

/heli/

en bonne sant

Healthy people find life more enjoyable.

heated (adj) (TS)

/hitd/
chauff

The swimming pool wasnt heated and the water was

freezing.

high (adj)

/ha/

haut

Mount Kilimanjaro is higher than Mount Fuji.

hold on (phr v)

/hld n/

tenir, agripper

Hold on to the board. Dont let go!

housework (n)

/haswk/

mnage

Do you do at least one hour of housework a day?

immune system (n) (TS)

/mjun sstm/

systme immunitaire

Laughter boosts the immune system.

inside (adv) (TS)

/nsad/
lintrieur

If it was raining, we stayed inside and did Scottish

dancing.

kick (v)
/kk/
donner un coup de pied

In football you must kick the ball, not touch it with your
hand.

laughter (n)

/lft/

rire (s) (n.) 15 to 20 minutes of laughter a day is good for you.

let go

/let g/

lcher prise

Hold on to the board. Dont let go!

lie (v)

/la/

tre allong

Do you prefer to lie on the beach or go sightseeing?

look my best

/lk m best/

tre son avantage

When I want to look my best, I wear a suit.

lung (n) (TS)

/l/

poumon

A loud laugh exercises the lungs.

(a) mess (n sing.)

/mes/

dsordre

Clear up this mess, please!

novel (n)
/nvl/
roman

pick up (phr v)

/pk p/

A novel is a story about people or situations that are not

real.

ramasser

Pick up the racket and try again.

25

possession (n)

/pzen/

possession, bien

My most valuable possession is my MP3 player.

practise (v)
/prkts/
sexercer

Im not very good at tennis because I dont have time to

practise.

release (v)
/rlis/
librer

When you laugh, you release happy chemicals called

endorphins.

reliable (adj)

/rlabl/

sr

Are German cars more reliable than British cars?

as a result
/z rzlt/
par suite de

You are healthier than most people and find life more
enjoyable as a result.

rude (adj) (TS)

/rud/

grossier, malpoli

Youre horrible! Dont be rude, Rebecca!

safe (adj)

/sef/

plus sr

Is flying safer than driving a car?

(tennis) serve (n)

/sv/

service (tennis)

Andy Roddick has the fastest tennis serve.

(go) sightseeing

/satsi/

aller visiter

Do you prefer to lie on the beach or go sightseeing?

sit down (phr v)

/st dan/

sasseoir

Dont eat breakfast on your feet. Sit down and enjoy it!

smell (v)
/smel/
sentir

If you smell something, you recognise its smell with your

nose.

sophisticated (adj)

/sfstketd/

sophistiqu, recherch

A lot of people think French food is very sophisticated.

study (n) (TS)

/stdi/

tude

A recent study shows that adults dont laugh enough.

sweaty (adj)
/sweti/
en sueur

If you are sweaty, the surface of your skin is wet because

you are very hot.

switch off (phr v)

/sw f/
teindre

Switching off the lights and sitting in silence is a good

way to relax.

switch on (phr v)
/sw n/
allumer

Only switch on the TV if you really want to watch

something.

talented (adj)
/tlntd/
talentueux

Cristiano Ronaldo is young, good-looking and a very

talented player.

thin (adj)

/n/

mince

Thin is the opposite of fat.

throw (v)

/r/

lancer

Pick up your racket and throw the ball in the air.

throw away (phr v)

/r we/
jeter

Throw away any clothes you havent worn for the past
two years.

touch (v)

/t/

toucher

In football, you mustnt touch the ball with your hand.

trust (v)

/trst/

faire confiance

Only 8.2% of the population trust the government.

turn up (phr v)
/tn p/
augmenter, monter

26

If you turn up the volume, you make music or sound

louder.

unfit (adj)

/nft/

pas en forme

Someone who is unfit is not healthy or active.

valuable (adj)

/vljbl/

prcieux, de prix

My most valuable possession is my MP3 player.

walk (v)

/wk/

marcher

Do you walk or cycle to school?

wet (adj)

/wet/

humide

Rome is wetter than London.

How? questions Quel /-le?, Combien de ? forme interrogative

How far?
How fast?
How long?
How many?
How much?
How often?
How old?
How well?

/ha f/

/ha fst/
/ha l/

/ha meni/
/ha m/
/ha fn/

/ha ld/
/ha wel/

() quelle distance ?

How far is it from your house to school?

() quelle vitesse ?

How fast does your car go?

Combien de temps ?

How long does it take you to do your homework?

Combien de (pl.) ?

How many brothers and sisters do you have?

Combien de (sing.).. ?

How much exercise do you do every week?

Combien de fois ?

How often do you travel by train?

Quel ge.. ?

How old is Thierry Henry?

() quel point ?

How well do you know your neighbours?

Sports Sports
aerobic exercise (n)

/erbk/

exercice darobic

Cycling and rowing are forms of aerobic exercise.

athletics (n)

/letks/

athltisme

I never enjoyed doing athletics at school.

basketball (n)

/bsktbl/

basket-ball

Professional basketball players are often very tall.

cycling (n)

/sakl/

cyclisme, faire du vlo

Cycling is a popular sport in France.

fishing (n)

/f/

pche, aller la pche

Fishing is the sport of catching fish.

football (n)

/ftbl/

football

Football is a very popular sport.

golf (n)

/glf/

golf

Golf is quite an expensive sport.

faire de la randonne,
marcher pied

At weekends I enjoy going hiking in the hills.

hockey

In winter Tina did hockey at school.

hiking (n)
/hak/

hockey (n)

/hki/

horse-riding (n) (TS)

/hsrad/

jogging (n)

/g/

monter cheval,
Rebecca hates tennis but likes horse-riding.
quitation
jogging

Do you sometimes go jogging?

judo (n)
/ud/
judo

People usually wear a white jacket and trousers to do

judo.

27

rowing (n)

/r/

aviron

Cycling and rowing are forms of aerobic exercise.

rugby (n)

/rgbi/

rugby

Rugby is more popular with men than women.

skiing (n)

/ski/

faire du ski

We often go skiing in the mountains.

snowboarding (n)

/snbd/

faire du snowboard

Id like to go snowboarding. I love the mountains.

soccer (n)

/sk/

football amricain

In the USA, people call football soccer.

swimming (n)

/swm/

faire de la natation

She goes swimming three times a week.

tennis (n)

/tens/

tennis

You need a racket and balls to play tennis.

volleyball (n)

/vlibl/

volleyball

Do you enjoy playing volleyball on the beach?

faire de la planche
voile

Ive never been windsurfing. I cant swim.

windsurfing (n)
/wndsf/

Sports equipment Sports quipement

football (n)
/ftbl/
ballon de football

football boots (n)

/ftbl buts/

The ball you kick when you play football is also called a
football.

chaussures de football

Ronaldo wears expensive football boots.

football shirt (n)

/ftbl t/

maillot de football

Jimmys wearing the number 7 on his football shirt.

goggles (n)

/gglz/

lunettes de natation

Goggles protect your eyes when you are swimming.

golf ball (n)

/glf bl/

balle de golf

A golf ball is small, round and white.

golf club (n)

/glf klb/

club de golf

Golf clubs are the things that you hit a golf ball with.

helmet (n)

/helmt/

casque

A helmet protects your head when you are skiing.

net (n)

/net/

filet

In tennis you must hit the ball over the net.

chaussures de course/
jogging

You should wear special running shoes to do athletics.

running shoes (n)

/rn uz/

running vest (n)

/rn vest/
maillot de sport

ski boots (n pl)

/ski buts/

A running vest is a type of T-shirt without sleeves that

you wear when you do athletics.

chaussures de ski

How much does a pair of ski boots cost?

ski poles (n pl)

/ski plz/

btons de ski

Ski poles are the sticks you hold when you are skiing.

skis (n pl)

/skiz/

skis

Skis are the things you wear on your feet to go skiing.

maillot de bain
(une pice)

A swimming costume is a piece of clothing worn for

swimming, especially by women.

slip (maillot) de bain

Men wear swimming trunks when they go swimming.

swimming costume (n)

/swm kstjum/

swimming trunks (n pl)

/swm trks/

28

tennis ball (n)

tennis racket (n)

/tens bl/

/tens rkt/

balle de tennis

Tennis balls are round and usually yellow.

raquette de tennis

In tennis, you hit the ball using a tennis racket.

Sports people Sportifs

athlete (n)

/lit/

athlte

You have to be very fit to be a professional athlete.

boxer (n)
/bks/
boxeur

A boxer is someone who wears thick gloves to fight in a

ring.

footballer (n)
/ftbl/
footballeur

Beckham, Henry and Ronaldo are all professional

footballers.

golfer (n)

/glf/

golfeur

Someone who plays the sport of golf is a golfer.

skier (n)

/ski/

skieur

You have to be very fit to be a professional skier.

swimmer (n)
/swm/
nageur

tennis player (n)

/tens ple/

All swimmers should wear goggles in the swimming

pool.

joueur de tennis

Roger Federer is the worlds best tennis player.

Sports places Sports lieux

athletics track (n)
/letks trk/
piste dathltisme

Athletes run around an athletic track, which is circular in

shape.

football pitch (n)

/ftbl p/
terrain de football

A football pitch is the large rectangular area where

people play football.

golf course (n)

ski resort (n)

/glf ks/

/ski rzt/

terrain de golf

Walking round a golf course is good exercise.

station de ski

Are there any famous ski resorts in your country?

sports field (n) (TS)

/spts fild/
terrain de sport

At Tinas school there was a sports field, tennis courts

and a swimming pool.

swimming pool (n)

/swm pul/
piscine

All swimmers should wear goggles in the swimming

pool.

tennis court (n)

/tens kt/
court de tennis

A tennis court is the large rectangular area where

people play tennis.

29

Unit 6 (p.48)
audio equipment (n)

/di kwpmnt/

matriel/quipement audio Bensons is a company that produces audio equipment.

baggy (adj)

/bgi/

ample, lche

Baggy clothes do not fit your body tightly.

bakery (n)
/bekri/
ptisserie

Charlotte dreams of living in a bakery and eating cakes

all day.

best (superl. adj)

/best/
le meilleur

The best thing about being self-employed is that you can

go on holiday when you want.

bite (n)

/bat/

morsure

The dog gave Sally a nasty bite.

bite (v)
/bat/
mordre

The worst thing that happened to Sally was the dog that
bit her.

both (pronoun)
/b/
les deux

Does Charlotte want to be a model or a snowboarder?

She wants to do both.

break your leg

/brek j leg/
se casser une jambe

If she breaks her leg snowboarding, she cant do

modelling.

conveyor belt (n)

/knve belt/

Rob stood at the end of a conveyor belt, putting eggs

into boxes.

chane (travail la),

bande transporteuse

crash helmet (n)

/kr helmt/
casque de protection

A crash helmet protects your head when you are doing a

dangerous activity.

department store (n)

/dptmnt st/
grand magazin

A department store is a large store that sells many

different types of things.

designer clothes (n pl)

/dzan klz/
vtements de marque

When shes modelling, Charlotte wears beautiful

designer clothes.

disgusting (adj)

/dsgst/

dgotant

The smell in the egg factory was disgusting!

egg-packing factory (n)

/egpk fktri/
usine demballage dufs

Working conditions in the egg-packing factory were

terrible.

fall (v)

/fl/

tomber

Snowboarding is sometimes dangerous and I often fall.

fattening (adj)

/ftn/

qui fait grossir

Cakes and chocolate are fattening food.

flight (n)

/flat/

vol

A flight attendant doesnt have to pay for flights.

fruit-picking (n)

/frutpk/

la rcolte des fruits

Have you ever done fruit-picking in the summer?

hand out (phr v)

/hnd at/
distribuer

One of Robs jobs was handing out publicity flyers on the

street.

30

jump (n)
/mp/
saut

For the jumps and turns in snowboarding, you have to be

strong.

model (v)
/mdl/
prsenter, porter

She cant model the best skirts in Paris if she breaks her
leg!

modelling (n)

/mdl/

faire le mannequin

muscles (n pl)
/mslz/
muscles

Would you like a career in modelling?

You need to be strong and have muscles to be a
snowboarder.

nasty (adj)

/nsti/

mauvais

The dog gave Sally a nasty bite.

nightmare (adj)

/natme/

cauchemar

For Rob, working in the egg factory was a nightmare job!

publicity flyer (n)

/pblsti fla/
prospectus publicitaire

A publicity flyer is a piece of paper with an

advertisement on it.

review (n)
/rvju/
critique

Actors hate reading bad reviews about themselves in the

newspapers.

season (n)
/sizn/
saison

Half the year shes a snowboarder, then she goes to Paris

for a season to be a model.

slim (adj)

/slm/

svelte

Someone who is slim is thin in an attractive way.

smell (n)

/smel/

odeur

The smell in the egg factory was disgusting!

strong (adj)
/str/
fort

You need to be strong and have muscles to be a

snowboarder.

study (v)
/stdi/
tudier

Mia is a model but she wants to start studying again

when shes 30.

tell lies

/tel laz/

raconter des mensonges

People who tell lies do not tell the truth.

top (adj)

/tp/

top

Half the year Charlotte is a top model in Europe.

turn (n)
/tn/
virage

For the jumps and turns in snowboarding, you have to be

strong.

turn out (phr v) (TS)

/tn at/

Now I have my own company so Im pleased with the way

things have turned out.

arriver, se trouver,
sarranger

upset (adj)
/pset/
boulevers

The reviewers wrote terrible things about me and I was so

upset.

useful (adj)

/jusfl/

utile

Which job do you think is the most useful to society?

various (adj)

/veris/

varis, diffrents

Sally did various jobs when she was a student.

worst (superl. adj)

/wst/

pire

The worst job Ive ever done is working as an au pair.

31

Jobs Mtiers
actor (n)

/kt/

acteur

Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie are both professional actors.

archaelogist (n)
/kilst/
archologue

au pair (n)

/ pe/

I was really interested in ancient history and my dream

was to become an archaeologist.

au pair

Sally worked as an au pair for a rich family in New York.

ballet dancer (n)

/ble dns/
danseur de ballet

You have to be very fit and talented to be a professional

ballet dancer.

bodyguard (n)
/bdigad/
garde du corps

A bodyguard is someone who protects an important

person from being attacked.

butcher (n)

/b/

cleaner (n) (TS)

/klin/

boucher

A butcher is someone who sells meat.

f., h. de mnage,
agent de nettoyage

A cleaner is someone who cleans houses, offices or

buildings for a living.

company director (n)

/kmp()ni drekt/
directeur de socit

Mark started working for his father and now hes a

company director.

cook (n)

/kk/

cuisinier

A cook has to have very clean hands.

DJ (n)

/die/

DJ

A club DJ can get up late in the morning.

doctor (n)

/dkt/

docteur

A surgeon is a doctor who does operations.

engineer (n)
/enn/
ingnieur

factory worker (n)

/fktri wk/

Mark didnt work hard at school so couldnt become an

engineer.

ouvrier dusine

Rob was a factory worker in an egg-packing factory.

farmer (n)
/fam/
fermier

flight attendant (n)
managing director (n)

/flat tendnt/

/mn drekt/

When Frank was five he wanted to be a farmer or a vet

because he loves animals.

htesse de lair, steward

A flight attendant looks after passengers on a plane.

directeur gnral

Managing directors run large companies.

model (n)
/mdl/
mannequin

nurse (n)

/ns/

When she was 16 Mia had the chance to earn a lot of

money as a model.

infirmire

Some nurses dont get a decent salary.

personal trainer (n)

/psnl tren/
coach personnel

A personal trainer writes exercise programmes for

people.

photographer (n) (TS)

/ftgrf/
photographe

Elsies a photographer who takes photographs of rock

stars and bands.

pilot (n)

/palt/

pilote

A pilot is the person who flies a plane.

32

police officer (n)

/plis fs/

policier

Do you agree that police officers are badly paid?

receptionist (n)
/rsepnst/
rceptionniste

I spoke to the receptionist and made an appointment to

have my hair cut.

sales assistant (n)

/selz sstnt/
vendeur

Edna is applying for a position as sales assistant in a

department store.

snowboarder (n)
/snbd/
snowboardeur

Charlotte has two jobs shes a model and a

snowboarder.

soldier (n)

/sl/

soldat

Lots of boys want to be soldiers when theyre young.

surgeon (n)

/sn/

chirurgien

A surgeon is a doctor who does operations.

teacher (n)

/ti/

professeur

Frank is a teacher and he loves it!

telesales person (n)

/teliselz psn/

tlvendeur

A telesales person sells things on the phone.

tour(ist) guide (n)

/tr(st) gad/
guide, guide-interprte

vet (n)

/vet/

vtrinaire

Tourist guides take tourists around cities or other

famous places.
A vet looks after animals who are ill.

waiter (n)
/wet/
serveur

Sally managed to get a job as a waiter in an Italian

restaurant.

Time Expressions Locutions du temps

a few moments ago
/ fju mmnts g/
il y a qq. instants

in 1998/2005

/n nantin nanti et/

tu aznd n fav/

last week/summer etc

/lst wik/sm/

I was speaking to Rob on the phone a few moments

ago.

en 1998/2005

He went to university in 2004.

la semaine dernire/
lt dernier

Last summer I did fruit-picking in Greece.

over the years

/v jz/

au cours des annes

Ive done lots of part-time jobs over the years.

recently (adv)

/risntli/

rcemment

What have you been doing recently?

cette semaine/ ce
mois-ci

Im ill I havent been to work this week.

aujourdhui

We went on a trip to EuroDisney today.

this week/month etc

/s wik/mn/

today (adv)

/tde/

When I was a (student)

/wen a wz (stjudnt) / Quand jtais (tudiant)

When I was a student, I wanted to be a snowboarder.

years ago

/jz g/

il y a des annes

Years ago Mark wanted to be a soldier.

yesterday (adv)

/jestde/

hier

What did you do yesterday?

33

Work Travail
accounts department (n)
/kants dptmnt/
service comptable

The accounts department is the place where a company

keeps records of the money it receives and spends.

advertisement (n)
/dvtsmnt/
publicit

I saw your advertisement for a sales assistant and would

like to apply.

advertising (n)

/dvtaz/

apply for (a job) (phr v)

pla f

faire de la publicit

Advertising is the business of making advertisements.

poser sa candidature
pour (un travail)

Edna is applying for a position as sales assistant in a

department store.

ask for permission

/sk f pmn/
demander la permission

When we wanted to go to the toilet we had to ask for

permission.

available (adj)
/velbl/
disponible

I would be available for an interview at any time, even

at short notice.

badly-paid (adj)

/bdliped/

mal pay

A lot of people think teachers and nurses are badly paid.

be based at/in

/bi best t/n/

tre bas /dans

Jack works as a bodyguard and hes based in London.

faire une pause

You look tired you should have a break.

have a break

/hv brek/

challenge (n)
/ln/
dfi, challenge

Im bored at home and feel Im ready for a new

challenge.

charge (35 per hour) (v) (TS) //

demander (15 de lheure) Kate earns a reasonably good salary she charges 35

per hour.
client (n) (TS)

/klant/

client

Your clients are the people who you do work for.

company (n)

/kmp()ni/

socit

Mark has his own company hes a company director.

have a day off

/hv de f/

avoir un jour de cong

I never had a day off when I was an au pair!

department (n)

/dptmnt/

service

Elsie runs the photography department.

details (n pl)

/ditelz/

informations, dtails

Please see my Curriculum Vitae for more details.

earn (v)

/n/

gagner

In which job can you earn the most money?

employ (v) (TS)

/mpl/

employer

We employ a staff of 105.

employee (n)

/mpli; empli/

employ

Arthur is our oldest employee at 87.

enclosed (adj)
/nklzd/
ci-joint

Please see my Curriculum Vitae, enclosed, for more

details.

experienced (adj)
/ksprinst/
expriment

Edna is an experienced shop assistant who has worked in

different departments.

foreign travel (n)

/frn trvl/

voyage ltranger

34

My job as a bodyguard involves a lot of foreign travel.

go to the toilet
/g t tlt/
aller aux toilettes

When we wanted to go to the toilet we had to ask for

permission.

head office (n)

/hed fs/
sige social

Head office is the main office of a company where most

of the staff work.

import and export (n)

/mpt n ekspt/
import-export

Someone who works in import and export deals with

other countries buying and selling goods.

involve (v)

/nvlv/

comporter, impliquer

My job as a bodyguard involves a lot of foreign travel.

look for a job in

/lk fr b/

chercher un emploi dans

Matt is unemployed but looking for a job in publishing.

/mek lv/

gagner sa vie

look forward to (phr v)

/lk fwd tu/
se rjouir davance de (qch.) I look forward to hearing from you is a good way of

ending a letter when you apply for a job.
make a living

It can be hard to make a living as an actor.

marketing (n)
/mkt/
marketing

outdoors (adv)

/atdz/

People who work in marketing decide how to sell their

products by deciding on price, type of customer etc.

lextrieur

Farmers work outdoors a lot of the time.

paid holiday (n)

/ped hlde/
congs pays

Mr Reynolds employees get four weeks paid holiday a

year.

part-time (adj)
/pttam/
temps partiel

I need to work 5 days a week I dont want a part-time

job.

position (n)

/pzn/

poste

Edna is applying for a position as sales assistant.

publishing (n)

/pbl/

dition

Publishing is the business of selling books and magazines.

quality control (n)

/kwlti kntrl/
contrle de la qualit

resign (v)

/rzan/

dmissionner

She decided to resign when she got married.

be responsible for
/bi rspnsbl f/
tre en charge de

retire (v)

/rta/

Someone who works in quality control must make sure

that things are of a good enough quality to sell.
Sarah is a receptionist and shes responsible for
appointments and accounts.

prendre sa retraite

We never force anybody to retire here.

retirement age (n)

/rtamnt e/
ge de la retraite

Retirement age in the UK is 60 for women and 65 for

men.

run a business/department

/rn bzns/
dptmnt/

diriger une affaire/

un service

Mr Reynolds son is going to run the business from next

year.

salary (n)

/slri/

salaire

Our staff are happy because we pay them a decent salary.

sales and promotion (n)

/selz n prmn/
les soldes et la promotion

35

Layla is responsible for sales and promotion at a

company called Bensons.

self-employed (adj) (TS)

/selfmpld/

travailleur indpendant

at short notice
/t t nts/
court dlai

Someone who is self-employed works for themselves.

If you do something at short notice, you do it without
having much time to prepare or think about it.

stressful (adj)

/stresfl/

stressant

Nurses work long hours and the job can be very stressful.

take over (phr v) (TS)

/tek v/

reprendre

My sons going to take over the business next year.

tourism (n)

/trz()m/

tourisme

Tourism is the business of selling holidays to people.

training (n)

/tren/

formation

Vets and doctors have to do a long training.

unemployed (adj)

/nmpld/

sans travail, au chomge

Someone who is unemployed does not have a job.

useful (adj)

/jusfl/

utile

Nurses, teachers and police officers all do very useful jobs.

vocation (n) (TS)

/vken/
vocation

Ive wanted to be a surgeon since I was a child its my

vocation.

well-paid (adj)

/welped/

bien pay

Top football players are very well paid.

work from home

/wk frm hm/

travail domicile

Working from home can be lonely.

worker (n) (TS)

/wk/
travailleur

working conditions (n pl)

/wk kndnz/

Half of the workers at Mr Reynolds store are over

retirement age.

conditions de travail

Good working conditions are important in any job.

Review B (p.56)
advice (n)
/dvas/
conseil

If youre not sure what to do, you can always ask for
advice.

ambitious (adj)

/mbs/

ambitieux

Helenas ambitious but Im more relaxed.

but (conj)

/bt/

mais

Helenas ambitious but Im more relaxed.

close (adj)
/kls/
proche

Helena and Kate have become much closer in the last

five years.

be complete opposites (TS)

/bi kmplit pzts/

tre tout fait

diffrents

Tom and I are very different. In fact were complete

opposites.

drive (v)

/drav/

conduire

She earns a lot of money and drives a beautiful car.

full-time (adj)

/fltam/

plein temps

I cant afford to work part time I need a full-time job.

handsome (adj)

/hnsm/

beau

A handsome man is very good-looking.

36

however (conj)
/haev/
cependant, toutefois

In many ways we are similar. However there are some

differences.

kindness (n)
/kandns/
gentillesse

The best thing about Helena is her kindness she always

buys beautiful presents for everyone.

lend (v)

/lend/

prter

Could you lend me your mobile?

listener (n)
/lsn/
personne qui sait couter

Kates a great listener. If I have a problem, I can always

talk to her.

look after (phr v)

/lk ft/
soccuper de

Helena had to look after Kate because she was her older
sister.

on the other hand

/n i hnd/
dun autre ct

David talks too much about fashion. On the other hand

hes the kindest person I know.

pay rise (n)

researcher (n)

/pe raz/

/rs; ris/

augmentation de salaire

Nurses dont earn a lot they should get a pay rise.

chercheur

Kate works for a TV company as a researcher.

save money

/sev mni/

faire des conomies

Shes trying to save money by not buying new clothes.

sensitive (adj)

/senstv/

sensible

Sensitive people often cry a lot.

smart (adj)
/smt/
distingu

She isnt interested in looking smart she usually wears

jeans and a T-shirt.

successful (adj)

/sksesfl/

qui a du succs

Helena is the director of a small but successful company.

turn off (phr v)

/tn f/

teindre

Turn off your mobiles before going into the exam room.

whereas (conj)
/werz/
tandis que

David wants to work as an engineer whereas I want to

be an architect.

Unit 7 (p.60)
accommodation (n) (TS)

/kmden/

hbergement

Helens accommodation will be with the Odoi family.

arrest (v)

/rest/

arrter

Police arrested five people.

authentic (adj) (TS)

/entk/
authentique

Dont you want to stay in a hotel? No, I want to have

an authentic experience.

break away (from) (phr v)

/brek we/
se dtacher (de)

A small group of people broke away from the peaceful

demonstrators.

be buzzing with activity

/bi bz w ktvti/

Trafalgar Square was swarming with people and buzzing

with activity.

tre bourdonnant
dactivit

37

cause (v) (TS)

/kz/
provoquer, causer

construct (v)

/knstrkt/

Do you agree that multinational companies are causing

global warming?

construire

Volunteers help to construct houses, bridges and roads.

coordinator (n) (TS)

/kdnet/
coordinateur

culture (n) (TS)

/kl/

The volunteers coordinator, Bob White, is meeting

Helen when she arrives.

culture

You really experience the local culture with Eco Holidays.

deliver a letter
/dlvr let/
remettre une lettre

duty (n)

/djuti/

devoir

A group of protesters delivered a letter to the Prime

Minister.
Volunteers do a lot of different duties.

embassy (n)
/embsi/
ambassade

Protesters marched from the US embassy to Trafalgar

Square.

event (n)
/vent/
vnement

The Climate change march was a big event 20,000

people took part.

everybody (pron)
/evribdi/
chacun

In the survey, everybody had used plastic bags for their

shopping.

experience (v) (TS)

/ksprins/

rencontrer, tre
confront qch.

You really experience the local culture with

Eco Holidays.

family-run (adj)
/fmlirn/

gestion/exploitation
Im in favour of small family-run companies.
familiale

farmers market (n) (TS)

/fmz mkt/
march paysan

I support local farmers and buy food from farmers

markets.

fight (against) (v)

/fat (genst) /
se battre (contre)

Nelson Mandela fought against apartheid for over fifty

years.

fortunate (adj) (TS)

/fnt/
chanceux, fortune

Helen wants to help people in developing countries who

are less fortunate.

gain (v)

/gen/

gagner

Volunteers learn new skills and gain self-confidence.

go through (phr v) (TS)

/g ru/

examiner en dtails

If you go through something again, you explain it again.

have fun (TS)

/hv fn/
samuser

imports (n pl) (TS)

/mpts/

Its my first demonstration and Im having fun with my

friends.

importations

Im against food imports and support local farmers.

information (n) (TS)

/nfmen/
informations

a large/small number of

/ l/sml nmbr
v/

Eco Holidays will send you information about their

holidays.

un petit/grand
nombre de

A large number of people have drunk bottled water in the

past two weeks.

38

a long way (TS)

/ l we/

loin

Im worried, Helen. Ghanas a long way from here.

make your way to

/mek j we tu/
se diriger, aller vers
A group of protesters on bicycles made their way to
10 Downing Street.

most people
/mst pipl/
la plupart des gens

In the survey most people had bought a hamburger in a

plastic container.

nobody (pron)
/nbdi/
personne

The survey found that nobody had paid more for

environmentally-friendly products.

ocean (n) (TS)

/n/

only a few people

/nli fju pipl/

organisation (n)

/gnazen/

ocan

Multinational companies pollute rivers and oceans.

seulement quelques
Only a few people have picked up litter.
personnes
organisation

I work for an organisation called Eco Holidays.

organise (v)
/gnaz/
organiser

The event was organised by the Campaign Against

Global Warming.

orphanage (n)

/f()n/

orphelinat

An orphanage is a place for children without parents.

package holiday (TS)

/pk hlde/

vacances organises

Were against big hotels and package holidays.

participate (v)
/ptspet/

participer, prendre
20,000 people participated in the march.
part

penguin (n) (TS)

/pegwn/
pingouin

Im in favour of protecting wild animals like polar bears

and penguins.

pick sb up (phr v) (TS)

/pk smbdi p/

prendre qn (en voiture..)

Whos picking you up at the airport?

piper (n)

/pap/

joueur de cornemuse

Music was provided by bands and Scottish pipers.

poetry reading (n)

/ptri rid/

lectures de posie

The day started with speeches and poetry readings.

polar bear (n) (TS)

/pl be/
ours polaire

A polar bear is a large white bear that lives in cold

regions.

provided by

/prvadd ba/

fourni par

Music was provided by bands and Scottish pipers.

river (n) (TS)

/rv/

rivire

Multinational companies pollute rivers and oceans.

self-confidence (n)

/selfknfdns/

confiance en soi

Volunteers learn new skills and gain self-confidence.

set fire to sth

/set fa t sm/

mettre le feu qch.

Some protesters tried to set fire to a supermarket.

several (pron)
/sevrl/
plusieurs

Several people or things is a number that is more than

one or two, but not many.

sick (adj)

/sk/

malade

Sick animals are animals that are ill or injured.

skill (n)

/skl/

comptence

Volunteers learn new skills and gain self-confidence.

smash (v)

/sm/

briser

If you smash something that is made of glass, you break it.

39

start off (phr v)

/stt f/

be swarming with people

/bi swm w pipl/

dmarrer

The day started off early outside the US embassy.

tre grouillant de
monde

Trafalgar Square was swarming with people and buzzing

with activity.

take part in sth

/tek pt n sm/
prendre part qch.

tick (v)

/tk/

faire tic-tac

When a clock ticks, it makes a small noise.

volunteer (n)
/vlnt/
volontaire, bnvole

write down (phr v) (TS)

/rat dan/

In London today, 20,000 people took part in protest

marches and demonstrations.

inscrire

Change your life and do something important. Become a

volunteer.
Write down their name and address for me.

Climate change Changement climatique

campaign (n)
/kmpen/
campagne

carry banners

/kri bnz/

demand urgent action

/dmnd nt kn/

The event was organised by the Campaign Against

Global Warming.

porter des bannires

Protestors were carrying banners and shouting slogans.

demander une
action urgente

They delivered a letter demanding urgent action on

climate change.

demonstrate (against) (TS)

/demnstret/
manifester (contre)

The people from Eco Holidays are demonstrating

against mass tourism.

demonstration (n)
/demnstren/
manifestation

In London today, 20,000 people took part in protest

marches and demonstrations.

demonstrator (n)
/demnstret/
manifestant

A small group of people separated from the peaceful

demonstrators.

destroy (v)

/dstr/

global warming (n)

/glbl wm/

dtruire

Matt thinks that the company is destroying the planet.

rchauffement de
la plante

A lot of people think that air travel is responsible for

global warming.

ice cap (n) (TS)

/as kp/
banquise

march (v)

/m/

If the ice caps melt, where will penguins and polar bears
live?

dfiler

Protesters marched slowly to Trafalgar Square.

melt (v) (TS)

/melt/
fonder

When ice caps melt, they disappear because the

atmosphere is too warm.

peaceful (adj)
/pisfl/
calme, pacifique

A small group of people separated from the peaceful

demonstrators.

peacefully (adv)
/pisf()li/

calmement,
Most of the protesters marched peacefully.
pacifiquement

40

protest (against) (v)

/prtest/
protester (contre)

Thirty-six million people protested against the Iraq war

in 2003.

protest march (n)

/prtest m/

In London today, 20,000 people took part in protest

marches and demonstrations.

dfil/marche de
protestation

protestor (n)
/prtest/
contestataire

A group of protesters on bicycles delivered a letter to

the Prime Minister.

shout slogans

/at slgnz/

crier des slogans

Protestors were carrying banners and shouting slogans.

speech (n)

/spi/

discours

The day started with speeches and poetry readings.

talks (n pl)

/tks/

confrences

World leaders met for climate change talks.

urgent action (n)

/nt kn/

action urgente

The letter demanded urgent action on climate change.

world leaders (n pl)

/wld lidz/
grands chefs dEtat

World leaders are very important politicians in big

countries.

Environment Environnement
atmosphere (n)
/tmsf/
atmosphre

Matt thinks that Regal Chemicals is polluting the

atmosphere.

bottle bank (n)

/btl bk/

containeur de recyclage
des bouteilles

A bottle bank is a place where people can take empty

bottles for recycling.

cycle to school/work
/sakl t skul/wk/

aller lcole/au travail

en vlo

Cycling to work is better for the environment than

driving a car.

drink bottled water

/drk btld wt/
boire de leau en bouteille

If you drink bottled water, you should recycle the

bottles.

environmentally-friendly (adj) /nvarnmentlifrendli/

respectueux de
lenvironnement

Would you pay more for environmentally-friendly

products?

global warming (n)

/glbl wm/

rchauffement de
la plante

The slow increase in the temperature of the Earth is

called global warming.

green (adj)
/grin/
cologique

mass-produced (adj)
mass tourism (n) (TS)

/ms prdjust/

/ms trz()m/

The aim of the survey was to find out how green the
people of Greensville are.

produit en masse

Mass-produced, cheap clothes cannot be recycled.

tourisme de masse

Mass tourism can be bad for the local culture.

multinational company (n) (TS) /mltinn()l

socit multinationale

kmp()ni/

Do you agree that multinational companies are

causing global warming?

organic farming/vegetables (n)

Volunteers plant trees and do organic farming.

/gnk fm/
vetblz/

agriculture bio/
lgumes bio

41

pick up litter
/pk p lt/
ramasser les dchets

plant trees

/plnt triz/

planter des arbres

If you pick up litter, you pick up paper, bottles etc that

people have left on the ground in a public place.
Volunteers plant trees and do organic farming.

plastic bag (n)

/plstk bg/
sac en plastique

Using plastic bags for your shopping is bad for the

environment.

plastic container (n)

/plstk knten/
emballage en plastique

The plastic containers for hamburgers are also bad for

the environment.

pollute (v) (TS)

/plut/

polluer

Multinational companies pollute rivers and oceans.

public transport (n)

/pblk trnspt/

transports publics

Using public transport is better for the environment.

recycler les bouteilles

Do you recycle bottles?

recycle bottles

/risakl bt()lz/

renewable energy (n)

/rnjubl eni/
nergie renouvelable

travel by air

/trvl ba e/

voyager en avion

Renewable energy can be replaced by natural processes

and is never used up.
Travelling by air is bad for the environment.

wild animal (n) (TS)

/wald nml/
animal sauvage

Im in favour of protecting wild animals such as polar

bears and penguins.

Opinions Opinions
Im against
Im not anti-cars/tourism etc

/am genst/

/am nt nti kz/

trz()m/

Je suis contre

Im against food imports and support local farmers.

Je ne suis pas anti-

voitures/tourisme etc

Im not anti-cars -- I have a car but I think people

should use public transport more.

I believe in
/a bliv n/
Je crois en

I dont really care about

Im in favour of

/a dnt rli ker

bat/
/am n fevr v/

I dont feel strongly about /a dnt fil strli

bat/

Im not against tourism but I believe in responsible

tourism.

Je ne mintresse
pas du tout

I dont really care about people they can look after

themselves.

Je suis pour

Im in favour of small family-run companies.

Je ne mintresse pas
trop pour

I dont feel strongly about politics, but Im worried

about global warming.

I support
/a spt/
Je soutiens

I support local farmers and buy food from farmers

markets.

Im worried about
/am wrd bat/

I dont feel strongly about politics, but Im worried

about global warming.

Je minquite au
sujet de

42

On the Phone Au tlphone

Could I speak to ?
Whos speaking?
Hold on a moment, please.

/kd a spik tu/

/huz spik/

Pourrais-je parler ?

Could I speak to the Managing Director, please?

Qui parle?

Whos speaking? My names Matt Walker.

/hld n mmnt pliz/ Restez en ligne, svp.

Hold on a moment, please. Ill try to put you through.

Ill try to put you through.

/al tra t pt ju ru/

Je vais essayer de
Hold on a moment, please. Ill try to put you through.
vous passer
(votre correspondant)

Im afraid hes/shes out.

/am fred hiz/iz at/

Je crains quelle ne
soit pas l.

Hello. Im afraid Mr Carr is out at the moment.

Dsirez-vous laisser
un message ?

Would you like to leave a message? Yes, please.

Would you like to leave

a message?

/wd ju lak t liv

mes/

Unit 8 (p.68)
Absolutely.
/bslutli/
Absolument

I think children need their mothers at home.

Absolutely.

afterwards (adv)

/ftwdz/

ensuite, aprs

My father left school early and regretted it afterwards.

avoid (v)

/vd/

viter

Avoid talking about subjects such as politics and religion.

become (v)

/bkm/

obtenir

Its very expensive to become a geisha.

blood-red (adj)

/bldred/

rouge sang

Geishas have white faces and blood-red lips.

boarding house (n)

/bd has/
internat

A trainee geisha has to leave her family and move into a

special boarding house.

brilliant (adj)
/brljnt/
brillant, prodigieux

If youre unemployed, tell them about your plans for a

brilliant career.

cheek (n)

/ik/

joue

You should give Mum a quick kiss on the cheek.

comment (n)

/kment/

commentaire

If you make a comment about something, you criticise it.

complicated (adj) (TS)

/kmplketd/

compliqu

Life was less complicated in my day.

computer programmer (n)

/kmpjut prgrm/

programmeur
informaticien

More and more people are training to be computer

programmers.

controversial (adj)
/kntrvl/

controversial, sujet
polmiques

Avoid controversial topics of conversation.

43

cook (v)

/kk/

cuisiner

You should cook for your boyfriend.

couple (n)
/kpl/
couple

Do you think couples should live together before they

get married?

customer (n)

/kstm/

client

A geisha has to serve and entertain customers.

date (n)

/det/

rendez-vous

You should arrive on time for dates with your girlfriend.

definitely (adv)

/def()ntli/

dfinitivement

Were definitely not in a hurry to get married.

describe (v)

/dskrab/

dcrire

We asked Makiko to describe what a geisha does.

develop photographs

/dvelp/

dvelopper des photos

Miss Lewis taught us to develop our own photographs.

disturb (v)

/dstb/

dranger

We couldnt disturb him because he was tired.

do well

/du wel/

bien travailler

Tonys father wanted him to do well at school.

the elderly (n pl)

/i eldli/

le troisime ge

The elderly is an expression meaning old people.

engineering (n)

/ennr/

ingnieurie

Andy went to university and studied engineering.

enjoy (v)

/n/

prendre plaisir qch.

Do you enjoy your life as a geisha? I love it.

entertain (v)

/entten/

distraire, divertir

A geisha has to serve and entertain customers.

entertainment (n)
/enttenmnt/
divertissement

We didnt have a TV so we had to make our own

entertainment.

equal (adj)
/ikwl/
gal

You should pay when you go out. Women want to be

equal, but not that equal!

fascinated (adj)

/fsnetd/

fascin

Both Japanese and foreigners are fascinated by geisha.

fasten (v) (TS)

/fsn/

boucler

Fasten your seatbelt, grandad.

Its fine to
/ts fan tu/
Cest bien de

Its fine to wear jeans and a T-shirt most of the time, but
not when you meet the parents.

firm (adj)

/fm/

ferme

Greet Dad with a firm handshake.

flower arranging (n)

/fla ren/

art du bouquet

Flower arranging is a traditional Japanese art.

foreigner (n)

/frn/

tranger

Foreigners are people who come from other countries.

free (adj)
/fri/
gratuit

Scott thinks colleges and universities should be free for

everybody.

freedom (n)

/fridm/

libert

When Scott was at school, he had a lot of freedom.

geisha (n)

/ge/

geisha

We asked Makiko to describe what a geisha does.

generation (n)
/enren/
gnration

A generation is a group of people who are born and live

at about the same time.

44

greet (v)
/grit/
saluer

When you greet someone, you say hello to them or shake

their hand.

grow up (phr v)

/gr p/

grandir

When I was growing up, my father was always at work.

handshake (n)

/hndek/

poigne de main

Greet Dad with a firm handshake.

Its a hard life

/ts hd laf/
Cest une vie dure

be hard work

/bi hd wk/

have sth in common (with sb) /hv sm n kmn/

Its a hard life for a trainee geisha she has to leave her
family and live in a boarding house.

tre dur, fatiguant

I love being a geisha but its hard work.

avoir qch. en
commun (avec qn)

Find out if you have anything in common with the

parents before you meet them.

hide (v)
/had/
cacher

I have a good relationship with my dad I dont have to

hide anything from him.

high school (n)

/ha skul/
collge, lyce

Sometimes I want to wear jeans and go to high school

like a normal teenager.

honest (adj)

/nst/

honnte

Dont tell lies. You should be honest about what you do.

a horse and cart (n) (TS)

/ hs n kt/
rouler carosse

I thought you drove a horse and cart in your day.

Hmm, very funny!

hungry (adj)

/hgri/

(avoir) faim

Dont give him a salad if hes hungry.

be in a hurry

/bi n hri/

tre press

Were definitely not in a hurry to get married.

de mes jours

Life was less complicated in my day.

in my day (TS)

/n ma de/

in the back (TS)

/n bk/

dans le dos

You have to fasten your seatbelt in the back.

instrument (n)

/nstrmnt/

instrument (de musique)

Geishas have to learn to play instruments.

interior design (n) (TS)

/ntri dzan/
dcoration int.

Im a sort of interior design consultant. He works in

a furniture shop.

keep sb waiting

/kip smbdi wet/

faire attendre qn

Women hate it when you keep them waiting.

kimono (n)

/kmn/

kimono

A kimono costs three million yen, thats about $30,000.

kiss (n)

/ks/

embrasser

Give Mum a kiss on the cheek.

learn (v)

/ln/

apprendre

Geishas have to learn traditional Japanese arts.

lips (n pl)

/lps/

lvres

Geishas have white faces and blood-red lips.

luxury (n)

/lkri/

luxe

I have to work to pay for any luxuries I want.

make conversation

/mek knvsen/

faire la conversation

A geisha has to sing, dance and make conversation.

make an effort
/mek n eft/
faire un effort

Make an effort to dress smartly when you meet the

parents.

45

make a good impression

/mek gd mpren/

faire bonne impression

Its important to make a good first impression.

marriage (n)

/mr/

mariage

Attitudes to marriage have changed over the years.

medicine (n)
/medsn/
mdecine

You must study medicine for seven years before

becoming a doctor.

military service (n)

/mlt()ri svs/

service militaire

Scotts grandfather was proud to do military service.

motorbike (n) (TS)

/mtbak/

moto

I had a beautiful motorbike a Triumph.

motorway (n) (TS)

/mtwe/
autoroute

We couldnt drive fast because there werent any

motorways.

mysterious (adj)

/mstris/

mystrieux

Geishas are beautiful and mysterious women.

obey (v)

/be /

obir

My father was very strict and we had to obey him.

of course
/v ks/
bien sr

Can you have a family later? Of course, I can get

married when I choose.

Oh dear! (TS)
/ d/
Hls !

You have to wear a seatbelt. Oh dear. All these rules

and regulations.

go to the opposite extreme

/g t i pzt kstrim/ agir lextrme oppos

Dont go to the opposite extreme and wear your job

interview clothes.

photo album (n) (TS)

/ft lbm/
album de photos

Ill get the photo albums and we can look at some

photos.

play a role
/ple rl/
jouer un rle

University students play an important role in the future

of the country.

politics (n)

/pltks/

politique

Dont talk about politics or religion.

pregnant (adj)

/pregnnt/

enceinte

We got married when Louise found out she was pregnant.

Be prepared to

/bi prped tu/

tre prpar ..

Be prepared to answer questions.

preserve (v)
/przv/
conserver, prserver

Geishas play an important role in preserving Japanese

culture and history.

be proud of sb (TS)
/bi prad v smbdi/
tre fier de qn

Recently I won a photography competition Miss Lewis

would be proud of me!

public place (n)

/pblk plesz/

endroit public

We had to meet girlfriends in public places.

regret (v)

/rgret/

regretter

I left school early and regretted it.

relationship (n)

/rlenp/

relation

Scott and his father have a close relationship.

religion (n)

/rl()n/

religion

Avoid subjects such as politics and religion.

research (n)
/rs; ris/
recherche

Do some research and find out information about the

parents before you meet them.

46

rules and regulations (n pl) (TS) /rulz n regjlenz/

les rgles et les

rglements

You have to wear a seatbelt. Oh dear. All

these rules and regulations.

seatbelt (n)

/sitbelt/

ceinture de scurit

Fasten your seatbelt, grandad.

serve (v)

/sv/

server

A geisha has to serve and entertain customers.

share (v)
/e/
partager

You probably dont share the same opinions so dont talk

about politics or religion.

strict (adj)

/strkt/

svre

My father was very strict and we had to obey him.

Take a seat. (TS)

/tek sit/

Prendre place, sasseoir

Come in and take a seat.

prendre soin de

If you take care of someone, you look after them.

take care of

/tek ker v/

taste (n)
/test/
got

You probably dont share the same opinions and tastes as

the parents.

tea ceremony (n)

/ti sermni/
crmonie du th

The tea ceremony is a Japanese custom that involves

serving tea.

tell the truth

/tel tru/

dire la vrit

Tell the truth you should be honest about what you do.

topic of conversation (n)

/tpk v knvsen/

sujet de conversation

Avoid topics of conversation such as politics or religion.

traditional (adj)

/trdn()l/

traditionnel

Geishas have to learn traditional Japanese arts.

trainee (adj)

/treni/

lve, en formation

Its a hard life for a trainee geisha.

varied (adj)

/verd/

vari

Her lessons were interesting and varied.

well-dressed (adj)
/weldrest/
bien habill

without question

/wat kwes()n/

You may be good-looking and well-dressed but you

have to make her laugh as well.

sans poser de questions

He was very strict we had to obey him without question.

Education and Training Education et formation

academic (adj) (TS)

/kdemk/

scolaire

I wasnt very academic at school, but I loved art.

apply for a place

/pla fr ples/
poser sa candidature

At 17 or 18 many students apply for a place at

university.

competition (n) (TS)

/kmptn/
concours

Recently I won a photography competition Miss Lewis

would be proud of me!

course (n)

/ks/

cours (anne de cours)

Students get a degree when they finish the course.

degree (n)

/dgri/

diplme

Students get a degree when they finish the course.

end-of-year exam (n)

/endvj gzm/
examen de fin danne

47

If you fail your end-of-year exams, you can usually take

them again.

entrance exam (n)

/entrns gzm/
examen dadmission

You have to pass an entrance exam if you want to go to

university.

fail (an exam) (v)

/fel (n gzm) /

rater (un examen)

Did you pass your exam or fail?

finals (n pl)

/fanlz/

preuves finales

Final year exams are often called finals.

gap year (n)

/gp j/
anne sabbatique

A gap year is a year between school and university when

students often go abroad.

get a place at (university)

/get ples/

obtenir une place

(luniversit)

When Tony was eighteen, he got a place at university.

aller luniversit

It costs a lot of money to go to university.

tre bon en qch

Art was Andys favourite subject he was good at it.

go to university
be good at sth

/g t junvsti/
/bi gd t sm/

grant (n)
/grnt/
bourse

My parents didnt support me financially because I got a

grant.

homework (n)

/hmwk/

devoirs

Tony had to do his homework every night after school.

leave school/university

/liv skul/junvsti/

arrter lcole/ luniversit

Gordon left school early and regretted it afterwards.

lesson (n)
/lesn/
cours (leon)

She was a really good teacher her lessons were

interesting and varied.

nursery school (n)

/ns()ri skul/
cole maternelle

Most children go to nursery school between the ages of

3 and 5.

pass (a test/exam) (v)

/ps ( test/gzm) /

russir (preuve/examen)

Students get a degree when they pass the final exams.

primary school (n)

/pramri skul/

cole primaire

Children start primary school at the age of 5.

qualify (v)

/kwlfa/

tre diplm

It takes seven years before you qualify as a doctor.

secondary school (n)

/seknd()ri skul/

collge, lyce

Children start secondary school at the age of 11.

studies (n pl)

/stdiz/

tudes

Scotts parents pay for his college studies.

subject (n)

/sbekt/

matire

Whats your favourite subject at school?

support sb financially

/spt smbdi
aider qn financirement
fann()li/

take a test/exam
/tek test/gzm/

train (v)

/tren/

vocational course (n)

/vken()l ks/

My parents didnt support me financially because I got

a grant.

re -passer/-faire une
preuve/un examen

If you fail your end-of-year exams, you can usually take

them again.

se former

What job would you like to train for?

enseignement
professionnel

A vocational course is one such as secretarial studies or

car maintenance that trains you directly for a job.

48

Unit 9 (p.76)
ability (n)

/blti/

addictive (adj)
/dktv/

capacit

Someone who is confident is certain about their abilities.

addictif, qui cre

une dpendance

Coffee can be addictive argument.

appear (v)
/p/
apparatre

On some people, dimples appear in their cheeks when

they smile.

around (prep)

/rand/

autour de

A true smile involves the muscles around the eyes.

authority (n)

/rti/

autorit

Someone who is a rebel has no respect for authority.

se soucier (de), faire

attention ()

Someone who is sensitive cares about other peoples

feelings.

the centre of attention

/ sentr v tenn/
le centre dattention

Sensitive people dont usually like being the centre of

attention in a crowd.

care (about) (v)

/ker (bat) /

certain (adj)

/stn/

sr

Someone who is confident is certain about their abilities.

a cold (n)
/ kld/
un rhume

When you have a cold, your nose is blocked and you

cough.

at the corners of
/t knz v/
aux coins de

A true smile involves the muscles at the corners of the

mouth.

the cost of living (n)

/ kst v lv/

le cot de la vie

The cost of living is cheap in Thailand.

the country (n)

/ kntri/

la campagne

Do you like doing long walks in the country?

crowd (n)

/krad/

foule

Shy people do not feel confident in a crowd.

the edge of
/i e v/
le bord

encourage (v)

/nkr/

When people smile, wrinkles appear around the edge of

their eyes.

encourager

A listener will smile to encourage the speaker.

enjoyment (n)
/nmnt/
plaisir, joie

The genuine smile of enjoyment makes us feel good,

and other people too.

extremely (adv)

/kstrimli/

extrmement

A true smile is extremely hard to fake.

fake (adj)

/fek/

faux

Fake is the opposite of true.

fake (v)

/fek/

simuler

Its very difficult to fake a true smile.

for (prep)
/weak f; strong f/
il y a, voil

How long have you been here, Jeff? For about six
months.

49

genuine (adj)

/enjun/

vritable

Genuine means the same as true.

go up (phr v)

/g p/

se lever

When people smile their eyebrows go up.

have a conversation
/hv knvsen/
avoir une conversation

have a tooth out

/hv tu at/

se faire arracher une dent

When two people have a conversation, they talk to

each other.
When you have a tooth out, the dentist removes it.

honeymoon (n) (TS)

/hnimun/
lune de miel

A honeymoon is a holiday that two people have after

they get married.

horrible (adj)
/hrbl/
horrible

If your aunt gives you a horrible birthday present, you

might give a polite smile.

inspiring (adj) (TS)

/nspar/

inspiratoire

An inspiring place makes you feel happy and excited.

irritating (adj)

/rtet/

nervant

Optimists can sometimes be irritating.

joker (n)
/k/
blagueur

A joker is someone with a good sense of humour who

likes doing or saying funny things.

jungle (n)
/gl/
jungle

The jungles in the north of Thailand are perfect for

elephant trekking.

kill (v)

/kl/

tuer

Ive got a cold. Dont worry it wont kill you.

laid-back (adj) (TS)

/ledbk/

retir

A laid-back lifestyle is calm and relaxed.

lifestyle (n)

/lafstal/

style de vie

Your lifestyle is the type of life you lead.

lock (v)

/lk/

fermer cl

When you lock a door, you close it using a key.

make sb feel good

/mek smbdi fil gd/

miserable (adj)

/mz()rbl/

faire que qn se
A true smile makes you and other people feel good.
sente bien
malheureux

Miserable means very sad or unhappy.

miss (v) (TS)

/ms/
manquer

What do you miss about home? Not the weather or

food, but I miss my family and friends.

mouth-watering (adj)
/mawtr/

Mouth-watering food smells or tastes good.

qui met leau

la bouche

obvious (adj) (TS)

/bvis/
vident

What does Jeff like about Thailand, apart from the

obvious things like weather, food and lifestyle?

optimist (n)

/ptmst/

optimiste

An optimist sees the positive side of life.

pessimist (n)

/pesmst/

pessimiste

A pessimist sees the negative side of life.

polite (adj)
/plat/
poli

propose (v)

/prpz/

A polite smile is the sort of smile you give when someone

gives you a horrible birthday present.

demander la main

Im going to propose to Dawn I hope she says yes.

50

raised (adj)
/rezd/
relev

Raised eyebrows and dimples in the cheeks are signs of a

true smile.

realist (n)

/rlst/

raliste

A realist knows that there are ups and downs in life.

rebel (n)

/rebl/

rebelle

Someone who is a rebel has no respect for authority.

rent (v) (TS)

/rent/
louer

respect (n)

/rspekt/

Hans has rented a house in Thailand because he wants to

write a novel.

respect

Someone who is a rebel has no respect for authority.

rose petals (n pl) (TS)

/rz petlz/
ptales de rose

The Rayavadee Hotel is wonderful they put rose petals

in our bath!

sense of humour (n)

/sens v hjum/
sens de lhumour

Someone who has a good sense of humour can laugh at

things and tell jokes.

the positive/negative
side of life

/ pztv/negtv
sad v laf/

le ct positif/ngatif
de la vie

An optimist sees the positive side of life; a

pessimist sees the negative side of life.

since (prep)
/sns/
depuis

Becky and Jeff have been running a bar on the beach

since 2004.

smile (n)
/smal/
sourire (n)

Very often social smiles are not real; they are fake
smiles.

smile (v)
/smal/
sourire (v)

According to research, we smile for many different

reasons.

social smile (n)

/sl smal/
sourire de politesse

Very often social smiles are not real; they are fake
smiles.

speaker (n)

/spik/

personne qui parle

A listener will smile to encourage the speaker.

start up (phr v) (TS)

/stt p/

dmarrer

I hope to start up my own company soon.

ne pas venir

Tourists stayed away for a long time after the tsunami.

stay away (phr v) (TS)

/ste we/

be sure of yourself
/bi v jself/
tre sr de soi

People who are sure of themselves are often bossy and

ambitious.

tighten (v)
/tatn/
serrer

Fake smiles are easy to do you just have to tighten

the muscles in your cheeks.

toothy (adj)

/tui/

de toutes ses dents

A toothy smile is one in which you show your teeth.

ups and downs (n pl)

/ps n danz/

hauts et bas

A realist knows that there are ups and downs in life.

upset (v)
/pset/
dstabiliser

vibrant (adj)

/vabrnt/

Someone who is easygoing is calm and is not easy to

upset.

trpidant

A place that is vibrant is lively and interesting.

51

waste time

/west tam/

whatever (pron) (TS)

/wtev/

perdre son temps

I never waste time worrying about the future.

quoi que ce soit,

nimporte quoi

Shall we go to the cinema? Yeah, whatever. I dont

really mind.

wide (adj)
/wad/
large

A wide, toothy smile shows that a person is easygoing

and friendly.

wrinkle (n)
/rkl/
ride

Wrinkles are small lines that appear in the skin on your

face.

Adjectives to describe character Adjectifs pour dcrire le caractre

ambitious (adj)

/mbs/

ambitieux

Someone who is ambitious wants to be successful.

bossy (adj)

/bsi/

autoritaire

Someone who is bossy likes telling other people what to do.

calm (adj)

/km/

calme

Someone who is calm is relaxed and not easy to upset.

cheeky (adj)
/iki/
effront, dlur

Someone who is cheeky has a good sense of humour but

no respect for authority.

confident (adj)

/knfd()nt/

sr de soi

Someone who is confident is certain about their abilities.

easygoing (adj)

/izig/

facile vivre

Someone who is easygoing is relaxed and calm.

friendly (adj)

/frendli/

sympathique

A friendly person enjoys being with other people.

hardworking (adj)
/hdwk/
travailleur

Hardworking, ambitious people work hard to get what

they want.

loyal (adj)

/ll/

fidle

A loyal friend continues to support you in difficult times.

nervous (adj)

/nvs/

nerveux

Shy people are nervous in the company of other people.

relaxed (adj)
rlkst
dtendu

A relaxed person is calm and does not worry a lot about

things.

sensitive (adj)

/senstv/

sensible

Sensitive people care about other peoples feelings.

shy (adj)

/a/

timide

Shy people can also be loyal, sensitive friends.

sociable (adj)
/sbl/
sociable

Sociable people are friendly and enjoy being with other

people.

warm (adj)
/wm/
chaleureux

If you have a warm personality, you are friendly and

sociable.

welcoming (adj)

/welkm/

accueillant

The people in Thailand are warm and welcoming.

52

Body idioms Locutions avec le corps

cost an arm and a leg
/kst n m n leg/
coter les yeux de la tte

give sb a hand

/gv smbdi hnd/

donner un coup de main

keep your fingers crossed

/kip j fgz krst/
croiser les doigts
(for sb)
not see eye to eye with sb

/nt si a tu a w
smbdi/

Something that costs an arm and a leg is

extremely expensive.
If you give someone a hand, you help them.
If you keep your fingers crossed for someone, you
hope that something good will happen to them.

voir les choses du mme

il que qn

pull sbs leg

/pl smbdiz leg/
se moquer de qn

People who do not see eye to eye with each other, do not
get on together or agree.
If you pull someones leg, you say something to them as
a joke.

The Face/Hair Le visage/les cheveux

cheeks (n pl)
/iks/
joues

curly (adj)

/kli/

Your cheeks are the soft parts on each side of your face
below your eyes.

boucl

Curly hair is not straight and falls in rings or circles.

dimple (n)
/dmpl/
fossette

In some people, dimples appear in their cheeks when

they smile.

eyebrows (n pl)
/abraz/
sourcil

Raised eyebrows and dimples in the cheeks are signs of a

true smile.

full (adj)

/fl/

pleine, charnue

Full lips are wide and round.

mouth (n)
/ma/
bouche

pale (adj)

/pel/

Your mouth is the part of your face that you eat and
speak with.

ple

Pale cheeks are white in colour.

pointed (adj)
/pntd/
pointu

rosy (adj)

/rzi/

A pointed chin is long and narrow, with a point at the

end.

color

Rosy cheeks are red or pink in colour.

square (adj)
/skwe/
carr

straight (adj)

A square chin has straight edges and is not curved or

pointed.

/stret/ 1) raide 1) Straight hair has no curls or waves.

2) droite

2) Straight teeth are in the correct position and do not

lean to one side.

teeth (n pl)

/ti/

les dents

Its important to brush your teeth regularly.

thick (adj)

/k/

pais

Thick eyebrows are wide with a lot of hairs.

53

thin (adj)

/n/ 1) mince 1) Thin lips are straight and narrow.

2) mince

2) Thin eyebrows are narrow with not many hairs.

wavy (adj)

/wevi/

fris

Wavy hair has waves or small curls in it.

white (adj)

/wat/

blanc

White teeth are the same colour as milk and look clean.

Review C (p.84)
close our eyes to sth (TS)
/klz r az t sm/
se refuser voir qch.

We mustnt close our eyes to the problem of the

environment.

fairly (adv)

/feli/

assez, bien

Fairly is a word meaning quite.

gardener (n) (TS)

/gdn/

jardinier

After Dad lost his job, he started working as a gardener.

get tired of (TS)

/get tad v/

en avoir assez de

Callum gets tired of eating potatoes, salad and apples.

go green
/g grin/
devenir cologiste

If you go green, you start do live in a way that is healthy

for the environment.

healthily (adv)
/helli/
sainement

We eat very healthily now and Ive learned to cook some

interesting vegetables.

issue (n) (TS)

/u; sju/
rsultat

He started working as a gardener and thats how he

became interested in green issues.

persuade (v) (TS)

/pswed/
convaincre

Environmental groups try to persuade people to change

their lives.

serious (adj)

/sris/

srieux

Hazel knew Phil was serious about it, so she said yes.

split up (with) (phr v)

/splt p/
se sparer (de)

Meg wants to split up with her boyfriend as they have

nothing in common.

worthwhile (adj)
/wwal/
qui en vaut la peine

Meg wants to do something worthwhile so shes going

to give some money to Greenpeace.

54

Unit 10 (p.88)
ancestors (n pl)
/nsestz/
anctres

army officer (n)
as soon as

/mi fs/
/z sun z/

be like chalk and cheese

/bi lak k n iz/

Your ancestors are people related to you who lived a

long time ago.

officier de larme

Darren is 26 and training to be an army officer.

ds que

As soon as your husband arrives, hell have a fitness test.

tre comme le jour

et la nuit

Is Petes sister like him? Not at all theyre like chalk

and cheese.

click on (phr v)
/klk n/
cliquer sur

consider (v)

/knsd/

Once youre on the website, just click on the dish to see

the complete recipe.

considrer

If you consider something, you think about it.

consist (of) (v)

/knsst (v) /
consister (en)

Their low-calorie diet consists of three quarters plant

food and one quarter animal food.

cute (adj)

/kjut/

splendide, ravissante

The little red Porsche was cute but I didnt use it much.

drive sb crazy

/drav smbdi krezi/

rendre fou qn

My poor Daddy I used to drive him crazy!

driving licence (n)

/drav lasns/
permis de conduire

I got a car for my 17th birthday, but I didnt even have a

driving licence.

engrave (v)
/ngrev/
graver

If you engrave something onto stone, you write it there

using something such as a knife.

fitness test (n)

be full of beans

/ftns test/
/bi fl v/

check-up de sant

As soon as your husband arrives, hell have a fitness test.

tre plein dentrain

If you are full of beans, you are very energetic.

guy (n)
/ga/
type

He used to introduce me to all these nice guys, but I

wasnt interested in them.

heaven (n)
/hevn/
paradis

Heaven is the place where good people are supposed

to go when they die.

introduce (v)
/ntrdjus/
prsenter

Daddy used to introduce me to all these nice guys, but I

wasnt interested.

Its a piece of cake.

/ts pis v kek/

Cest du gteau

Its not difficult at all, in fact its a piece of cake.

knock (v)
/nk/
frapper

lazy (adj)

/lezi/

If someone is ill, a neighbour will always knock on their

door to see how they are.

paresseux

When Darren was a student, he used to be very lazy.

55

love-hate relationship (n)

/lvhet rlenp/
relation ambivalente

low-calorie (adj)

/lklri/

basses calories

Okinawans eat a low-calorie diet.

luggage (n)
/lg/
bagage

We didnt take any luggage because there wasnt any

room for suitcases.

non-existent (adj)

/nngzst()nt/

not be sbs cup of tea

/nt bi smbdz kp
ne pas tre son got
v ti/

be packed in like sardines

/bi pkt n lak

sdinz/

I had a love-hate relationship with that car I loved it

when it worked but I hated it when it broke down!

inconnu, pas existant

tre serr comme

des sardines

Nobody is in a hurry and timetables are non-existent.

What do you think of that guy? Hes OK, but hes not
really my cup of tea.
It was so crowded we were packed in like sardines.

proverb (n)
/prvb/
proverbe

A proverb is a short, well-known statement that gives

practical advice about life.

serving (n)
/sv/
service, plat

The Okinawans eat seven servings of fruit and

vegetables every day.

set (v)
/set/
se coucher (astre)

When the sun sets, it slowly disappears at the end of the

day.

stamina (n) (TS)

/stmn/

vigueur

Darren is very strong and has amazing stamina.

stone (n)
/stn/
dalle (en pierre)

Near a beach there is a large stone with a proverb

engraved on it.

stress-free (adj)
/stresfri/
sans stress

If you have a healthy diet and a stress-free lifestyle, you

will live longer.

stress-resistant (adj)
/stresrzst()nt/
rsistant au stress

If you have a stress-resistant personality, you do not

suffer from stress.

strictly (adv) (TS)

/strktli/
strictement

Youre not allowed to have a cigarette in here its a

strictly no-smoking area.

tent (n)
/tent/
tente

Every weekend we left town with our tent in the back of

the car.

timetable (n)
/tamtebl/
emploi du temps

A timetable is a list of times at which you must do

something or at which something happens.

be in trouble
/bi n trbl/
avoir des ennuis

If you have a cigarette in a no-smoking area, youll be in

trouble!

well-built (adj)

/welblt/

bien bti

Someone who is well-built has a body that looks strong.

youth (n)

/ju/

jeune (n)

A youth is a young person, usually a teenager.

56

Cars Automobiles
air conditioning (n)

/e kndn/

air conditionn

Air conditioning is a system that makes the air colder.

bonnet (n)
/bnt/
capot

The bonnet is the front part of a car that covers the

engine.

boot (n)
/but/
coffre

The boot is the back part of a car that you can put
luggage into.

break down (phr v)

/brek dan/
tomber en panne

If your car breaks down, it stops working and you cant

use it.

bumper (n)
/bmp/
pare-chocs

A bumper is a piece of metal or rubber at the front and

back of a car that protects it.

economical (adj)
/iknmkl; eknmkl/ conomique, avantageux

A car that is economical to run does not use a lot of

petrol.

engine (n)
/enn/
moteur

The engine is the part of a car that uses petrol to produce

movement.

environmentally friendly (adj) /nvarnmentlifrendli/

respectueux de
lenvironnement

A car that is environmentally friendly is designed not to

harm the environment.

faire dfection, lcher

One day it was raining, and the windscreen wiper fell off!

fall off (phr v)

/fl f/

flashy (adj) (TS)

/fli/
qui en jette

Id like to drive a Chevrolet with a silver bumper and big,

flashy headlights.

gear stick (n)

/g stk/
levier de vitesse

The gear stick is the short metal stick in a car that you
use when you increase speed.

glamorous (adj) (TS)

/glmrs/
resplendissant

Id love to wear glamorous evening clothes and go to a

restaurant in a Chevrolet!

handbrake (n)
/hndbrek/
frein main

You pull a handbrake with your hand to keep a car still

after it has stopped.

headlights (n pl) (TS)

/hedlats/
phares

The headlights are the lights on the front of a car that

you use for driving at night.

leather seat (n)

give sb a lift
made in your country

/le sit/

/gv smbdi lft/

/med n j kntri/

sige en cuir

A Chevrolet has soft leather seats.

conduire/emmener qn

Can you give me a lift to the station?

fabriqu dans votre pays

I only buy cars that are made in my country.

number plate (n)

/nmb plet/
plaque dimmatriculation

The number plate is the sign on the front and back of a

vehicle with letters and numbers on it.

overtake (v)
/vtek/
doubler

You should only overtake other drivers when the road

ahead is clear.

57

park (v)

/pk/

se garer

A lot of women want cars that are easy to park.

posh (adj) (TS)

/p/

chic

A place that is posh is expensive and attractive.

rouler(en voiture),
conduire (une voiture)

If you run a car, you own it and use it regularly.

tomber en panne de

If you run out of petrol, you have no more petrol left.

heure de pointe

Most people hate driving during the rush hour.

satellite navigation system (n) /stlat nvgen

sstm/

GPS, systme de
navigation par satellite

A satellite navigation system shows you the in which you

should travel.

seat belt (n)

ceinture de scurit

Dont forget to fasten your seat belt!

quipement audio

A sound system is a piece of equipment for playing music.

run (v)
/rn/

run out of (phr v)
rush hour (n)

sound system (n)

/rn at v/
/r a/

/sit belt/

/sand sstm/

spacious (adj)
/spes/
spacieux

The car is really spacious, with plenty of room to stretch

your legs.

steering wheel (n)

/str wil/
volant

The steering wheel is the wheel that you hold and turn
to control the direction of the car.

stretch your legs (TS)

/stre je legz/
allonger vos jambes

The car is really spacious, with plenty of room to stretch

your legs.

sunroof (n)

/snruf/

toit ouvrant

A sunroof is part of the roof of a car that you can open.

traffic jam (n)

/trfk m/
bouchon

If you are stuck in a traffic jam, you cant drive because

there is too much traffic.

tyre (n)

/ta/

pneu

A tyre is the thick rubber cover around the wheel of a car.

wheel (n)

/wil/

roue

A car has four wheels.

windscreen (n)
/wndskrin/
parebrise

The windscreen is the large glass window at the front of

a vehicle.

windscreen wiper (n)

/wndskrin wap/
essuie-glace

A windscreen wiper is the long, thin thing that moves

across a windscreen and removes rain.

Collocations Locutions
a brisk walk

/ brsk wk/

une marche rapide

We usually go for a brisk four-hour walk in the morning.

an extended family
/n kstendd fmli/
une parent

An extended family is a larger family group that

includes cousins, aunts, uncles etc.

be in a hurry
/bi n hri/
tre press

In Okinawa, nobody is in a hurry and timetables are

non-existent.

58

keep fit

/kip ft/

rester en forme

I go swimming twice a week to keep fit.

lead a healthy life

/lid heli laf/
mener une vie saine

Eating fruit and vegetables and doing sport is a good way

to lead a healthy life.

do martial arts
/du ml ts/
pratiquer les arts martiaux

If you do martial arts, you do sports such as judo or

karate.

a network of friends
/ netwk v frendz/
un rseau damis

A network of friends is the group of friends you see

regularly.

a spectacular sunset
/ spektkjl snset/

A spectacular sunset is very beautiful to watch.

un coucher de soleil
spectaculaire

Food & Cooking Nourriture et cuisine

add (v)
/d/
ajouter

Add vanilla ice cream to the bananas to make a banana

split.

aubergine (n)
/bin/
aubergine

An aubergine is a vegetable with a dark purple skin and

white flesh.

bake (v)

/bek/

cuire (au four)

You can bake bananas in the oven in their skin.

banana (n)

/bnn/

banane

A banana is a long curved fruit with a yellow skin.

banana-split (n)
/bnnsplt/
banana-split

batter (n)

/bt/

Banana split is a dish that consists of bananas and ice

cream.

pte

Batter is a mixture of flour, milk and eggs used in cooking.

bean (n)
haricot

/bin/

A bean is a seed of various plants; there are many

different types such as green beans, soya beans etc.

boil (v)
/bl/

faire bouillir,
bouillanter

If you boil something, you cook it in hot water.

brown sugar (n)

/bran g/

sucre brun

You can grill bananas and put brown sugar on top.

butter (n)

/bt/

beurre

Cut the bananas in half and fry them in butter.

carrot (n)
/krt/
carotte

A carrot is a long orange vegetable that grows under the

ground.

cauliflower (n)
/klifla/
chou-fleur

A cauliflower is a vegetable with a hard, round white

part surrounded by green leaves.

cherry (n)

/eri/

cerise

A cherry is a small round black or red fruit.

chicken (n)

/kn/

poulet

Chicken is the white meat of a chicken, eaten as food.

chop (v)

/p/

dcouper

If you chop something, you cut it into pieces with a knife.

59

coconut (n)
/kknt/
noix de coco

A coconut is a very large nut that is white inside and has

a hard brown shell.

cucumber (n)
/kjukmb/
concombre

A cucumber is a long thin vegetable with dark green

skin, often eaten in salads.

cut in half
/kt n hf/
couper en deux

If you cut something in half, you cut it into two equal

pieces.

dish (n)
/d/
plat

Which of the banana dishes on the website would you

prefer?

fresh (adj)

/fre/

frais

You can eat bananas raw in fresh fruit salad.

fritters (n pl)
/frtz/
beignets

Banana fritters are bananas that are fried in milk, flour

and eggs.

fruit salad (n)

/frut sld/
salade de fruits

Fruit salad is a dish consisting of small pieces of different

fruit.

fry

/fra/

(faire) frire

Fry bananas in batter to make banana fritters.

garlic (n)
/glk/
ail

Garlic is a vegetable similar to an onion that you use in

cooking to add a strong flavour.

grape (n)
/grep/
raisin

A grape is a small green or purple fruit that can be used

for making wine.

grill (v)

/grl/

griller

Grill bananas with brown sugar on top.

ice cream (n)

/as krim/
glace

A banana split is a dish consisting of bananas and vanilla

ice cream.

ingredient (n)

/ngridint/

ingrdient

The ingredients of batter are milk, flour and eggs.

lemon (n)

/lemn/

citron

A lemon is a fruit with a hard yellow skin.

lettuce (n)
/lets/
laitue

Lettuce is a vegetable with large green leaves used for

making salads.

milk (n)

/mlk/

lait

Black coffee is coffee without milk.

mix (v)

/mks/

mlanger

Mix bananas with rice for a Cuban dish.

mushroom (n)
/mrum/
champignon

A mushroom is a soft brown or grey vegetable with a

round top.

nut (n)
/nt/
noix

A nut is a dry fruit that grows inside a hard shell on some

types of tree and bush.

onion (n)
/njn/
oignon

An onion is a vegetable with thin dry skin that tastes and

smells very strong.

orange (n)

/rn/

orange

An orange is a round fruit with hard orange skin.

60

oven (n)

/vn/

four

You can bake bananas in their skin in the oven.

peach (n)
/pi/
pche

A peach is a fruit with soft yellow-pink skin that has a

big stone inside.

peel (v)

/pil/

peler

If you peel fruit or vegetables, you take the skin off them.

prawn (n)

/prn/

grosse crevette

A prawn is a type of small pink sea animal.

raw (adj)

/r/

cru

Food that is raw has not been cooked.

recipe (n)

/respi/

recette

A recipe is a set of instructions for cooking a dish or meal.

red pepper (n)

/red pep/
poivron rouge

A red pepper is a vegetable with small white seeds inside

that you cook or eat raw in salads.

rice (n)

/ras/

riz

You can mix bananas with rice to make a Cuban dish.

sardine (n)

/sdin/

sardine

A sardine is a common silver fish that is eaten as food.

sausage (n)

/ss/

saucisse

Sausages are long tubes of meat mixed with spices.

slice (v)
/slas/
tranche

Slice the bananas in half and add ice cream for a banana
split.

soup (n)
/sup/
soupe

Soup is a liquid food often eaten at the beginning of a

meal.

spinach (n)
/spn/
pinard

Spinach is a vegetable with dark green leaves that you

can cook or eat raw in salads.

sugar (n)
/g/
sucre

Sugar is a very sweet substance that some people add to

tea and coffee.

tea (n)
/ti/
th

Tea is a hot brown drink made by pouring boiling water

onto dried leaves.

tomato (n)
/tmt/
tomate

A tomato is a very common round red fruit, often eaten

in salads.

trout (n)
/trat/
truite

A trout is quite a large fish that lives in rivers and lakes

and is often eaten as food.

vanilla (n)
/vnl/
vanille

Vanilla is the most common flavour of ice cream and is

light yellow in colour.

61

Unit 11 (p96)
accidentally (adv)
/ksdentli/

activity (n)

/ktvti/

par hasard,
accidentellement

Morris is a Siamese cat who accidentally deleted some

valuable computer files.

activit

Do you think that hunting is a cruel activity?

amused (adj)
/mjuzd/
content, amus

When they discovered the cat had deleted some computer

files, they were not amused.

arachnophobic (adj)
/rknfbk/
arachnophobique

Arachnophobic describes someone who is afraid of

spiders.

attitude (n)

/ttjud/

comportement

Different people have different attitudes to animals.

away (adv)
/we/
loin

bare (adj)

/be/

Robert is often away on business for weeks, or even

months.

nu

Bare walls are empty; someone who is bare is undressed.

on business
/n bzns/
pour affaires

Robert isnt at home at the moment hes away on

business.

call (v)
/kl/
crier, appeler

The mynah bird calls Robbie a few hours before

Robert walks through the door.

change (n)
/en/
monnaie

Would you keep the money if a shop assistant gave you

too much change?

companion (n)

/kmpnjn/

compagnon

Pets can be very good companions for humans.

contact (v)
/kntkt/
contacter

Robert hardly ever contacts his parents when hes

coming home.

cool (adj)

/kul/

cool

Gus thinks Hendrix the spider looks cool!

cruel (adj)

/kru()l/

cruel

Do you think that hunting is a cruel activity?

delete (v)
/dlit/
effacer

Morris is a Siamese cat who accidentally deleted some

valuable computer files.

dislike (v) (TS)

/dslak/
ne pas aimer

Are there any animals that you really dislike? Spiders

Im afraid of them.

essential (adj)
/senl/
essentiel

Do you agree that animal testing is essential for progress

in the medical field?

fictional (adj)
/fknl/
fictif

A fictional character in a book is someone who does not

exist in real life.

62

file (n)

/fal/

fichier

The deleted computer files were worth $100,000!

fir (n)

/f/

sapin

A Christmas tree is a type of fir tree.

fluently (adv)
/fluntli/
couramment

frighten sb away

/fratn smbdi we/

Someone who speaks a language fluently, speaks it very

well.

effaroucher qn

Guss spider frightens a lot of people away.

get in touch (with)

/get n t (w) /
tre en contact (avec)

Robert hardly ever gets in touch with his parents to tell

them hes coming home.

get on with
/get n w/
continuer de

Ralph made Morris a bed in his office and got on with

his work.

heavy breathing (n) (TS)

/hevi bri/
respiration bruyante

If you hear heavy breathing, you hear a person or

animal breathing very loudly.

human (n)

/hjumn/

tre humain

Do you think that animals are as important as humans?

hunting (n)

/hnt/

chasse

A lot of people think hunting is very cruel.

illegal (adj)
/ligl/
illgal

Some people think animal testing is wrong and should be

illegal.

image (n)

/m/

image

A dolphin recognises its own image in a mirror.

imaginative (adj)

/mntv/

imagine, fictive

A tale is an imaginative story.

insect (n)
/nsekt/
insecte

keep an eye on

/kip n a n/

Insects are small animals with six legs that often have
wings.

garder un il sur

Ralph took his sick cat into work to keep an eye on him.

key in (phr v)
/ki n/
dverrouiller

The cat accidentally keyed in a secret code that deleted

some computer files.

keyboard (n)
/kibd/
clavier

Morris got up and walked across the keyboard of the

computer.

lead (n) (TS)

/lid/

laisse

Angus takes the iguana for walks in the park on a lead!

lift (v)

/lft/

soulever

Ants can lift fifty times their own weight!

look alike
/lk lak/
(se) ressembler

Do you and your pet look alike? Im not that hairy

but I think he looks cool, like me!

look up (phr v)
/lk p/
lever les yeux

Pat and Tina looked up and suddenly realised they were

surrounded by cows.

medical field (n)

/medkl fild/
domaine mdical

Do you agree that animal testing is essential for progress

in the medical field?

mirror (n)

/mr/

miroir

A dolphin recognises its own image in a mirror.

63

misunderstood (adj)
/msndstd/
mal compris

When people do not understand a person or thing

properly, you say that that person or thing is
misunderstood.

Never mind.
/nev mand/
ne fait rien

Sorry, Emma, were going to London this weekend.

Never mind.

ornithologist (n)

/nlst/

ornithologue

Someone who studies birds is an ornithologist.

own (v)

/n/

avoir, possder

Ralph owned a Siamese cat called Morris.

owner (n)
/n/
propritaire

Some people say that pets and their owners often look
alike!

pain (n)
/pen/
douleur

Animal testing is OK if there is no pain or suffering

involved.

progress (n)
/prgres/
progrs

Is animal testing essential for progress in the medical

field?

protect (v)
/prtekt/
protger

Do you think that zoos are important for protecting

endangered species?

pull up (phr v)

/pl p/

sarrter, faire une halte

put up (phr v) (TS)

/pt p/
monter, dresser

They decided to pull up in a quiet place to have a picnic.

When Richard put the tent up, there werent any animals
in the field.

recognise (v)

/rekgnaz/

reconnatre

A dolphin recognises its own image in a mirror.

respect (v)

/rspekt/

respecter

I think animals should be respected and protected.

rule (v) (TS)

/rul/
faire la loi

run (v)

/rn/

Why would you like to be a lion? Because theyre big

and tough and they rule.

courir

A cheetah can run at 100 kilometres per hour.

sauce (n)
/ss/
sauce

scary (adj)

/skeri/

A sauce is a liquid food that you put on other food to

give it flavour.

effrayant

Im frightened of sharks I think theyre really scary.

scientist (n)
/santst/
savant, scientifique

Charles Darwin was the scientist who developed the

theory of evolution.

secret code (n)

/sikrt kd/
code secret

The cat accidentally keyed in a secret code that deleted

some computer files.

shadow (n) (TS)

/d/
ombre

I could see a shadow outside the tent. What was it?

A big cow!

suffering (n)
/sfr/
souffrance

Animal testing is OK if there is no pain or suffering

involved.

64

sunburn (n)

/snbn/

coup de soleil

Did you know that pigs can get sunburn?

tale (n)

/tel/

conte

A tale is an imaginative story.

la thorie de
lvolution

Charles Darwin was the scientist who developed the

theory of evolution.

the theory of evolution

/ ri v ivlun/

the tip of the nose (TS)

/ tp v nz/
la pointe du museau

tough (adj) (TS)

/tf/

fort

Anguss iguana is almost a metre long from the tip of its

nose to the end of its tail.
Lions are big and tough, and they rule.

tour (v)
/t/
visiter

They were touring in the north of England by car when

they decided to stop for a picnic.

turn round (phr v)

/tn rand/
faire demi-tour

When they put on a pop music CD the cows turned

round and walked off!

turn up (phr v)
/tn p/
arriver, apparatre

They know when their son is going to turn up because

the bird starts calling Robbie!

type (v)
/tap/
taper, crire

If you type information into a computer, you write it

using the keys on the keyboard.

unconditional love (n)

/nkndn()l lv/

amour inconditionnel

Unconditional love has no limits.

undressed (adj)

/ndrest/

dshabill

Someone who is undressed has no clothes on.

unnatural (adj)

/nn()rl/

contre-nature

I think zoos are depressing and unnatural.

unwell (adj)

/nwel/

pas bien, malade

Unwell is a word that means ill or sick.

visit (v)

/vzt/

visiter

Zoos can be fun to visit for children.

walk off (phr v)

/wk f/
sen aller

When they put on a pop music CD the cows turned round

and walked off!

wallet (n)

/wlt/

portefeuille

A wallet is a small flat container where men keep money.

weight (n)

/wet/

poids

Ants can lift fifty times their own weight!

without (prep)
/wat/
sans

be worth $100,000

/bi w wn hndrd
aznd dlz/

Which animal can last longer without water than a

camel?

valoir 100,000$

The deleted computer files were worth $100,000!

wrong (adj)
/r/
mal

Some people think that animal testing is wrong and

should be illegal.

65

Adjectives and prepositions Adjectifs et prpositions

be afraid of
be allergic to
be fond of
be interested in

/bi fred v/

/bi lk tu/
/bi fnd v/

/bi ntrstd n/

avoir peur de

Im afraid of sharks I think theyre scary.

tre allergique

Richard doesnt like cats because hes allergic to them.

aimer

Harry is fond of all animals.

tre intress par

Richard is interested in wild birds.

be keen on
/bi kin n/
tre enthousiaste pour

Alicia likes most animals but shes particularly keen on

horses.

be terrified of
/bi terfad v/
tre terrifi par

Are you afraid of frogs Afraid? Im terrified of

them.

Animals Animaux
alligator (n)
/lget/
alligator

An alligator is an animal with a long tail and sharp,

pointed teeth that lives in water and on land.

animal testing (n)

/nml test/

exprimentation sur
les animaux

Do you think that animal testing should be illegal?

bat (n)

/bt/

chauve-souris

A bat is an animal that flies at night.

bear (n)

/be/

ours

A bear is a large animal such as a panda with thick fur.

bull (n)

/bl/

taureau

A bull is an adult male cow.

cage (n)

/ke/

cage

Emma keeps the snake in a cage.

calf (n)

/kf/

veau

A calf is a young cow.

camel (n)
/kml/
chameau

A camel is a large animal, used for carrying people,

especially in the desert.

cat (n)

/kt/

chat

Cats and dogs are popular pets.

cheetah (n)

/it/

gupard

Cheetahs can run at 100 kilometres per hour.

chicken (n)

/kn/

poulet

A chicken is a young hen.

cow (n)
/ka/
vache

A cow is a popular farm animal used for its milk and

meat.

cricket (n) (TS)

/krkt/
criquet

Crickets are insects that move by jumping and make a

noise.

crocodile (n)
/krkdal/
crocodile

A crocodile has a long body and sharp teeth, and lives in

water.

deer (n)
/d/
cerf

A deer is a brown animal with long legs that is often very

shy.

66

dog (n)

/dg/

chien

Cats and dogs are popular pets.

dolphin (n)

/dlfn/

dauphin

Dolphins live in water and are very intelligent animals.

eagle (n)

/igl/

aigle

An eagle is a large bird that kills other bird for food.

elephant (n)
/elfnt/
lphant

Elephants can smell water that is fifteen kilometres

away.

endangered species (n)

/ndend spiiz/

An endangered species is a type of animal that may soon

no longer exist.

espce en voie de
disparition

fluffy (adj)
/flfi/
pelucheux

foal (n)

/fl/

Animals that are fluffy are covered with a lot of fur and
are nice and gentle.

poulain

A foal is a young horse.

frog (n)
/frg/
grenouille

Frogs are small animals with smooth green skin that live
in water and on land.

fur (n)

/f/

fourrure

Fur is the hair that covers some animals.

giraffe (n)

/rf/

giraffe

A giraffe is a very tall animal with a very long neck.

hairy (adj) (TS)

/heri/

poilu

A spider has eight hairy legs.

hamster (n)

/hmst/

hamster

Hamsters are popular pets for children.

hen (n)

/hen/

poule

A hen is a female chicken.

horse (n)

/hs/

cheval

Can you ride a horse?

iguana (n)

/gwn/

iguane

An iguana is a type of large lizard with points on its back.

kitten (n)

/ktn/

chaton

A young cat is called a kitten.

lamb (n)

/lm/

agneau

A young sheep is called a lamb.

lion (n)

/lan/

lion

Gus likes lions because theyre big and tough.

loveable (adj) (TS)

/lvbl/

adorable

A loveable pet is one that is easy to love.

mouse (pl mice) (n)

/mas (pl mas) /
souris

mynah bird (n)

/man bd/

paw (n)
/p/

Mice are small furry animals with long tails that live in
fields or that people sometimes keep as pets.

mnate

A mynah bird is a bird that can talk.

patte (danimal
A paw is a dogs or cats foot.
onguicul)

pet (n)
/pet/
animal familier

Pets are animals that people keep at home as

companions.

pig (n)
/pg/
cochon

A pig is a fat animal with pink skin that farmers keep for
meat.

67

puppy (n)

/ppi/

chiot

A puppy is a young dog.

rabbit (n)
/rbt/
lapin

Rabbits are furry and have long ears and some people
keep them as pets.

rat (n)
/rt/
rat

A rat is an animal like a mouse with a long tail; a lot of

people dont like them because they are dirty.

reptile (n) (TS)

/reptal/

reptile

Crocodiles, alligators and iguanas are all reptiles.

shark (n)
/k/
requin

A shark is a very large fish with large teeth that can kill
people.

/ip/

A sheep is an animal with white fur that is made into wool.

sheep (n)

mouton

snake (n)
/snek/
serpent

Snakes are long thin animals that move along the

ground and can kill people.

tail (n)

/tel/

queue

Cats usually have long tails.

tortoise (n)

/tts/

tortue

Tortoises have shells on their back and move very slowly.

whale (n)

/wel/

baleine

The blue whale is the largest animal that has ever lived.

oiseau/animal
sauvage

Wild birds or animals live in natural conditions and are

not kept by humans.

wild bird/animal (n)

/wald bd/nml/

zoo (n)
/zu/
zoo

A zoo is a place where wild animals are kept in cages so

that people can see them.

Insects Insectes
ant (n)
/nt/
fourmi

An ant is a small insect that lives in large groups and can

carry fifty times its own weight.

bee (n)
/bi/
abeille

A bee is a yellow and black insect that flies and makes

honey.

butterfly (n)
/btfla/
papillon

A butterfly is an insect with colourful, often beautiful

wings.

cockroach (n)
/kkr/
cafard

A cockroach is a large black insect that lives in places

where food is kept.

fly (n)

/fla/

mouche

A fly is a very common small insect with wings.

mosquito (n)
/mskit/
moustique

A mosquito is a small flying insect that bites the skin of

people and animals to feed on their blood.

spider (n)
/spad/
araigne

Spiders are insects with eight hairy legs that a lot of

people are frightened of.

/wsp/

A wasp is a yellow and black insect that can sting you.

wasp (n)

gupe

68

Unit 12 (p.104)
abroad (adv)

/brd/

ltranger

Do you go abroad for your holidays?

adorable (adj)

/drbl/

adorable

That little girl is absolutely adorable!

ago (adv)
/g/
il y a (combien de temps)

How long ago was the Alhambra built? In the 13th

or 14th century.

all over the world

/l v wld/
le monde entier

The interior of the hotel is designed by artists from all

over the world.

anniversary (n)
/nvs()ri/
anniversaire
The fifth anniversary of their relationship was on
1st July.
architect (n) (TS)
/ktekt/
architecte

arrangement (n)

/renmnt/

Who was the architect of the Alhambra. I dont

know.

disposition

The two Lauras have made arrangements to meet up.

attached (adj)
/tt/
ci-joint

Laura released a balloon with her name and address and

a note attached.

awful (adj)

/fl/

terrible

His suit isnt very nice. Its absolutely awful!

balloon (n)

/blun/

ballon

A balloon is a childs toy that floats in the air.

build (v)

/bld/

construire

Every winter, work starts on building a new Ice Hotel.

building (n)
/bld/
immeuble, construction

Curro thinks that the Alhambra is the most incredible

building he has ever seen.

celebrate (v)
/selbret/
clbrer

If you celebrate a birthday or anniversary, you have a

party to show that it is special.

century (n)

/senri/

sicle

The Alhambra was built in the 13th or 14th century.

connecting flight (n)

/knekt flat/
vol de correspondance

They both stopped in Singapore to wait for connecting

flights.

crazy (adj)

/krezi/

fou, dingue

Something that is crazy is slightly mad.

delicious (adj)

/dls/

dlicieux

The food is tasty. Yes, its absolutely delicious!

design (v)
/dzan/
cr, dcor

disappear (v)

/dsp/

The interior of the hotel is designed by artists from all

over the world.

disparatre

In spring, the Ice Hotel melts away and disappears.

enormous (adj) (TS)

/nms/
norme

The Alhambra is very big, in fact its an enormous

building.

69

entirely (adv)

/ntali/

entirement

The Ice Hotel in Sweden is made entirely of ice.

exhausted (adj)
/gzstd/
puis

exist (v)

/gzst/

He looks tired, doesnt he? He looks absolutely

exhausted.

exister

A hotel made entirely of ice exists in Sweden.

expect (v)
/kspekt/
(sy) attendre

fame (n)

/fem/

How many children will I have? More than you

expect.

clbrit

Fame is the state or situation of being famous.

golden wedding anniversary (n) /gldn wed

les noces dor

nvs()ri/

A golden-wedding anniversary is the day when a

couple celebrates 50 years of marriage.

guest (n)

/gest/

hte

Guests at the hotel are given special arctic sleeping bags.

guinea pig (n)

/gni pg/

cochon dInde

Both Lauras have a rabbit and a guinea pig.

helium-filled (adj)
/hilimfld/
rempli lhlium

A helium-filled balloon is a balloon filled with a gas that

keeps it in the air.

hilarious (adj)

/hleris/

hilarant

Something that is hilarious is extremely funny.

ice cube (n)

/as kjub/

glaon

You put ice cubes in drinks to make them cold.

In my opinion (TS)
/n ma pnjn/
mon avis

including (prep)

/nklud/

In my opinion, the Alhambra is one of the seven

wonders of the modern world.

y compris

All the furniture is made of ice, including the beds!

incredible (adj)
/nkredbl/
incroyable

Whats the name of the most incredible building Curro

has ever seen?

/nsad/

Inside the hotel, the temperature is always around -5C.

inside (prep)

lintrieur

interior (n)
/ntri/
intrieur

The interior of the hotel is designed by artists from all

over the world.

journey (n)
/ni/
voyage

Amy didnt know that Ian had just started his journey
from Sydney to London.

king (n) (TS)

/k/

roi

The Alhambra Palace was built for the Moorish kings.

Labrador (n)
/lbrd/
Labrador

A Labrador is a type of large dog with short hair that is a

popular pet.

location (n)
/lken/
emplacement

The location of a building is the place or position where

it is built.

meet up (phr v)
/mit p/
se rencontrer

If two people decide to meet up, they arrange to see

each other.

melt (away) (v)

/melt (we)/

fondre

In spring, the Ice Hotel melts away and disappears.

70

note (n)
/nt/
petit mot

outside (adv)

/atsad/

Laura released a balloon with her name and address and

a note attached.

lextrieur, dehors

overlook (v) (TS)

/vlk/
surplomber

palace (n) (TS)

/pls/

Outside, the temperature is -30C.

The Alhambra is built on a hill overlooking the city of
Granada.

palais

The Alhambra is a beautiful palace in the south of Spain.

for pleasure
/f ple/
pour le plaisir

If you do something for pleasure, you do it because you

like and enjoy it.

pretty (adj)
/prti/
joli

That dress is very pretty. Yes, its absolutely

gorgeous.

reindeer skin (n)

/rend skn/
peau de renne

The beds in the Ice Hotel are covered with reindeer

skins.

release (v)

/rlis/

lcher

If you release a balloon, you let it go into the air.

reply (n)

/rpla/

rponse

The letter was a reply from another Laura Buxton.

ridiculous (adj)

/rdkjls/

ridicule

7,500 for a dress? Thats absolutely ridiculous.

shore (n)

//

rive

The hotel is situated on the shores of the Torne River.

be situated

/bi suetd/

tre situ

Its situated on the shores of the Torne River.

sleeping bag (n)

/slip bg/
sac de couchage

spring (n)

/spr/

Guests at the hotel are given special arctic sleeping

bags.

printemps

In spring, the Ice Hotel melts away.

strange (adj)
/stren/
trange

Their daughter doesnt look anything like them thats

very strange.

stunning (adj)

/stn/

sensationnel, renversant

Something that is stunning is very beautiful or spectacular.

style (n)

/stal/

style

The style of the Alhambra is Moorish, or Islamic.

sweet (adj)
/swit/
charmant, doux

Look at that little girl shes very sweet. Shes

absolutely adorable.

tasty (adj)

/testi/

qui a bon got

Tasty food has a nice flavour.

temperature (n)

/tempr/

temprature

Today will start off cold, with temperatures of -13C.

unique (adj)

/junik/

unique

A place that is unique is the only one of its type.

visitor (n)
/vzt/
visiteur

The hotel is described by visitors as absolutely

stunning.

Well, (interjection)
/wel/
Eh bien,

Can you imagine a hotel made entirely of ice? Well, it

exists in Sweden, but only in winter.

71

well-known (adj)

/welnn/

connu, clbre

Someone or something that is well-known is famous.

wherever (adv) (TS)

/werev/
o que (ce soit)

winter (n)

/wnt/

At the Alhambra, you can hear water running wherever

you go.

hiver

Every winter, work starts on building a new Ice Hotel.

one of the wonders of (TS) /wn v wndz v/

une des merveilles du

write back (phr v)

/rat bk/

rpondre ( une lettre)

Curro thinks the Alhambra is one of the seven wonders

of the modern world.
If you write back to someone, you reply to them.

Collocations with do, get, Locutions avec do, get,

go, have, make, take
go, have, make, take
do a course
do some homework
do the housework
do research
do the shopping
get better
get changed
get dressed
get lost

/du ks/

/du sm haswk/
/du hmwk/
/du rs/ris/
/du p/
/get bet/

/get end/
/get drest/
/get lst/

suivre(faire) un cours

Im doing a part-time English course.

faire des devoirs

In the evening, we usually have to do some homework.

faire le mnage

Do you enjoy doing the housework? No, I hate it.

faire des recherches

If you do research, you study something in detail.

faire les courses

Mum has asked me to do the shopping this week.

aller mieux

Ive been ill but Im getting better now.

(aller) se changer

You should get changed before you go out.

shabiller

I had a shower, got dressed and had breakfast.

se perdre

Its easy to get lost when youre in a strange place.

get married
/get mrd/
se marier

go for a drink
go for a walk
go home
go mad
go skiing

/g fr drk/
/g fr wk/
/g hm/
/g md/

/g ski/

People often live together nowadays before they get

married.

aller boire un verre

Lets go for a drink after work.

(aller) faire une promenade I try to go for a walk every day.

aller la maison

What time do you go home from school?

devenir fou

If they give us any more homework, Ill go mad!

aller faire du ski

We go skiing every winter.

have a go
/hv g/
essayer, faire un essai

Everybody should have a go at doing something

dangerous once in their life.

have a good time

/hv gd tam/
bien samuser

The holiday was very enjoyable we had a really good

time.

have a laugh
/hv lf/
rire (ensemble)

If you cant have a laugh with your partner, youre in the

wrong relationship.

72

have lunch
have a rest
make a decision
make a living

/hv ln/

/hv rest/

/mek dsn/
/mek lv/

prendre son djeuner

We usually have lunch at 13.00.

faire une pause

Youve worked hard its time to have a rest.

prendre une dcision

Its important to make a decision in the next few days.

gagner sa vie

It can be hard to make a living as an actor.

make mistakes
/mek msteks/
faire des erreurs

Everyone makes mistakes when theyre learning a

language.

make money
/mek mni/
gagner de largent

Do you agree that the only reason to get a job is to make

money?

make a promise
take a bus
take an exam

/mek prms/
/tek bs/

/tek n gzm/

faire une promesse

You should never make a promise if you cant keep it.

prendre le bus

Do you walk to school? No, I take a bus.

passer un examen

Im taking my English exam in summer.

take a photo
/tek ft/
prendre une photo

The press shouldnt take photos of famous people

without their permission.

take responsibility
/tek rspnsblti/
prendre la responsabilit

You have to learn to take responsibility for your own

life.

take risks

/tek rsks/

prendre des risques

If you dont take risks, you wont succeed in life.

Weather Le temps
breeze (n)

/briz/

brise

A breeze is a light wind.

breezy (adj)

/brizi/

venteux

It was quite breezy walking by the sea.

Celsius (n)

/selsis/

Celsius

The temperature is 20 degrees Celsius.

cloud (n)

/klad/

nuage

Look at those clouds in the sky I think its going to rain.

cloudy (adj)

/kladi/

nuageux

The weather tomorrow will be cloudy and dull.

cold (adj)

/kld/

froid

Today will start off cold, with temperatures of -13C.

dark (adj)

/dk/

sombre

The sky often becomes very dark before a storm.

dry (adj)

/dra/

sec

If the weather is dry, it doesnt rain.

dull (adj)

/dl/

maussade

It was a dull, grey depressing day.

fine (adj)

/fan/

beau (temps)

People feel happier when the weather is fine and sunny.

fog (n)

/fg/

brouillard

We couldnt see anything because of the fog.

foggy (adj)

/fgi/

il y a du brouillard

Driving when its foggy can be dangerous.

freeze (v)
/friz/
geler

73

If it freezes, water on the ground and on windows turns

to ice.

freezing (adj)

/friz/

glace

Freezing weather is weather that is very cold.

heat (n)

/hit/

chaleur

Walking long distances in the heat can be tiring.

hot (adj)

/ht/

chaud

It can be very hot here in the summer.

humid (adj)
/hjumd/
humide

Humid weather is hot and wet in a way that makes you

feel uncomfortable.

humidity (n)

/hjumdti/

humidit

British people are not used to high levels of humidity.

ice (n)

/as/

glace

The Ice Hotel in Sweden is made entirely of ice.

icy (adj)
/asi/
verglac

Tomorrow will be cold and icy, with temperatures of

-13C.

minus 13/30 degrees

/mans tin/ti dgriz/ moins 13/30 degrs

Temperatures are expected to be minus 30 degrees.

mist (n)

/mst/

brume

A mist is a very light fog.

misty (adj)

/msti/

brumeux

Tomorrow will be a typical misty autumn day.

rain (n)

/ren/

pluie

If the weather is dry, there is no rain.

rain (v)

/ren/

pleuvoir

Look at those clouds in the sky I think its going to rain.

rainy (adj)

/reni/

pluvieux

Rainy weather is wet and unpleasant.

shower (n)

/a/

averse

A shower is a short period of rain.

showery (adj)

/ari/

temps de giboules

When it is showery there are a lot of short periods of rain.

snow (n)

/sn/

neige

We had a lot of snow last winter.

snow (v)

/sn/

neiger

Its very cold I think it might snow.

storm (n)
/stm/
tempte

When there is a storm, a lot of rain falls very quickly,

often with strong winds.

stormy (adj)

/stmi/

qui fait de la tempte

Stormy weather can be dangerous for drivers.

sun (n)

/sn/

soleil

Most people like the sun.

sunny (adj)

/sni/

ensoleill

The weather today will be warm and sunny.

warm (adj)

/wm/

chaud

The weather today will be warm and sunny.

wet (adj)

/wet/

humide

Rainy weather is wet and unpleasant.

wind (n)

/wnd/

vent

Rain and strong winds make driving conditions difficult.

windy (adj)

/wndi/

vent, venteux

It was very windy walking by the sea

74

Review D (p.112)
albatross (n)
/lbtrs/
albatros

An albatross is a very large white ocean bird with long,

narrow wings.

approximately (adv)
/prksmtli/
approximativement

Around 1.5 million wildebeest travel approximately

3,000 km around Tanzania and Kenya.

birthplace (n)
/bples/
lieu de naissance

Female green turtles return to their birthplace every

2 to 3 years to start a family.

come out (phr v) (TS)

/km at/

sortir

Suddenly the rain stopped and the sun came out.

cover (v)
/kv/
dissimuler, recouvrir

Green turtles cover their eggs on the beach before

returning to the water.

die (v)
/da/
mourir

In spring Monarch butterflies travel back east, where they

lay their eggs and die.

dish (n)

/d/

plat

Put the olive oil and garlic in the bottom of a dish.

fix (v)
/fks/
rparer

The car broke down and we had to wait three days for it
to be fixed.

give birth
/gv b/

The humpback whales swim to warmer waters in winter

to give birth.

donner naissance,
mettre bas

green turtle (n)

/grin ttl/
tortue verte de mer

Female green turtles return to their birthplace every

2 to 3 years to start a family.

humpback whale (n)

/hmpbk wel/
rorqual

Humpback whales are dark grey or black whales with

large, round backs.

lay eggs
/le egz/
pondre des ufs

In spring the butterflies travel back east where they lay

their eggs and die.

long-distance (adj)
/ldstns/
de grandes distances

Humpback whales are experienced long-distance

travellers.

olive oil (n)

set off (phr v)
slow down (phr v)

/lv l/
/set f/

/sl dan/

huile dolive

Olive oil is a type of oil that is often used in cooking.

partir, dmarrer

We set off early in the morning and made good progress.

ralentir

I should slow down. Im always in a hurry.

turn back (phr v)

/tn dan/
retourner

The engine problems continued so we decided to turn

back.

wildebeest (n)
/wldbist/
gnou

A wildebeest is an African wild animal with curved

horns.

75

Grammar Extra

Rvision des temps

Unit 1 Questions

Temps

Utilisations

Construction de la phrase

Present
simple
Past simple

La construction courante de la phrase interrogative est:

Mot interrogatif

Verbe (auxiliaire)

Sujet

Is

she

happy?

Have

they

left?

What

does

niece

mean?

Where

are

you

going?

When

did

he

graduate?

Yes/No questions [Questions qui ont des rponses courtes en Yes/No]

Dans les Yes/No questions avec be on place am/are/is/was/were devant le
sujet.
Is she tired? Yes, she is. Were they late? No, they werent.
Dans les Yes/No questions avec le prsent simple et le prtrit simple on
place do/does/did devant le sujet.
Do you live here? Yes, I do. Did Jim and his two sisters go to university?
No, they didnt.
Dans les Yes/No questions avec les autres constructions verbales on place
lauxiliaire devant le sujet.
Have you been to Oslo? Yes, I have. Can she drive? No, she cant.
Wh questions [Questions en Wh]
Les questions en What, Where, How many, etc. ont la mme construction
que les Yes/No questions. On place un mot interrogatif au dbut de la
phrase interrogative.
Why is she tired? Where do you live? How many times have you been to Oslo?

76

Affirmatif

Ngatif

Question

Facts/habits/
He works.
routines

He doesnt
work.

Does he
work?

Completed
She worked
action at a
yesterday.
specific past
time

She didnt
work
yesterday.

Did she
work
yesterday?

Present
Activities in
Theyre working
continuous
progress now now.

They arent
working
now.

Are they
working
now?

Future (be)
Future plans
Were going to
going to
and intentions work tomorrow.

We arent
going to
work
tomorrow.

Are we
going to
work
tomorrow?

Present
perfect

It hasnt
worked
recently.

Has it
worked

Completed
Its worked
action in time recently.
up to now.

recently?

Unit 2 Les noms et les expressions de quantit

Noms communs pluriels: clothes, glasses, jeans, knickers, pants, pyjamas,

scissors, shorts, sunglasses, tights, trousers.

Noms dnombrables

Noms indnombrables

La plupart des noms en anglais sont dnombrables. Ils ont une forme
singulier et une forme pluriel.

Quelques noms en anglais sont indnombrables. Ils ont seulement une

forme au singulier. On ne peut utiliser a/an ou placer un nombre devant eux.

Formes rgulires

We had bad weather. (NOT We had a bad weather.)

Singulier

Pluriel

Orthographe

a place

two places

Ajouter s.

a church

three churches

Ajouter es aprs ch, sh, s, x.

a city

ten cities

Ajouter ies aprs une consonne + y.

Expressions de quantit

a leaf

ten thousand leaves

Ajouter ves aprs une voyelle + v

Voici des possibilits pour exprimer la quantit si lon ne peut ou si lon ne

veut utiliser un nombre exact.

Noms communs indnombrables: advice, architecture, food, furniture,

homework, information, knowledge, love, money, music, news, traffic,
transport, weather, work.

Avec des noms dnombrables: (only) a few / (far) too many / How many ?

Formes irrgulires
Singulier

Pluriel

a person

two people

a child

two children

a man

two men

a woman

two women

a foot

two feet

a tooth

two teeth

Only a few people saw what happened.

How many emails do you get every day?
Avec des noms indnombrables: (only) a little / (far) too much / How much ?
Theres a little wine left but no beer.
How much homework do you get?
Avec des noms dnombrables et indnombrables: a lot of / lots of / not
enough
She has a lot of problems.
He didnt give me enough information.

! a or an? Avec les noms au singulier on utilise a devant un son

consonnant: a town, a university.

too + much/many (+ noun) = trop ou plus que ncessaire.

You use an before a vowel sound: an airport, an office.

I have too much work and not enough time.

! Plural nouns Quelques noms sont toujours au pluriel et nont pas de

forme au singulier. On ne peut utiliser a/an ou placer un nombre devant eux.

I have some pink jeans. (NOT I have a pink jeans.)

77

Unit 3 Prtrit simple et prtrit continu

On peut utiliser le prtrit simple comme temps principal pour parler

dvnements et de situations passs . Il est utilis en gnral pour raconter
des histoires.

Part 1: Prtrit simple (past simple)

Affirmatif
Ngatif
Question

Rponse
courte Yes

Rponse
courte No

I/You/He/She/
It/We/They
worked.

Yes,
I/you/he/
she/it/we/
they did.

No,
I/you/he/
she/it/we/
they didnt.

I/You/He/She/ Did
It/We/They
I/you/he/she/it/
didnt (did
we/they work?
not) work.

! Il nexiste seulement quune forme au pass pour chaque verbe sauf

tre(be).

CONJUGAISON: VERBES RGULIERS

Affirmatif
Ngatif
Question

Rponse
courte Yes

Rponse
courte No

I/He/She/It
was tired.

Yes, I/he/she/
it was.

No, I/he/she/
it wasnt.

I/He/She/It
Was I/he/she/it
wasnt (was
tired?
not) tired.

You/We/They You/We/They Were you/we/

Yes, you/we/
were tired.
werent (were they tired?
they were.

not) tired.

Ajouter ed/d aprs la plupart des verbes: work worked, demonstrate

demonstrated
Enlever y et ajouter ied pour les verbes qui se terminent avec une consonne
+ y: study studied, try tried

No, you/
we/they
werent.

Part 2: Prtrit continu (past continuous)

Ajouter une consonne + ed pour les verbes qui se terminent avec une voyelle
+ une consonne: stop stopped, plan planned
Les dix verbes irrguliers les plus utiliss sont:
1 say said
2 get got
3 go went

Affirmatif
Ngatif
Question

Rponse
courte Yes

Rponse
courte No

I/He/She/It
I/He/She/It
Was I/he/she/it
was working. wasnt (was
tired?

not) working.

Yes, I/he/she/
it was.

No, I/he/she/
it wasnt.

You/We/They You/We/They Were you/we/

Yes, you/we/
were
werent (were they tired?
they were.
working.
not) working.

4 know knew
5 think thought
6 see saw

No, you/
we/they
werent.

Conjugaison : formes en ing

7 make made

Enlever e et ajouter ing pour les verbes qui se terminent en e: have

having; make making

8 come came
9 take took

Doubler la consonne + ing pour les verbes qui se terminent avec une voyelle
+ une consonne: run running; stop stopping

10 give gave
See a fuller list of irregular verbs on page 159.

On peut utiliser le prtrit continu pour dcrire une activit plus longue
dans la dure qui tait en train de se faire au moment o les autres

78

Part 2: Prsent simple et prsent continu

vnements passs eurent lieu. On lutilise en gnral en contraste du

prtrit simple.

Affirmatif
Ngatif
Question

I saw her when I was driving home. They were playing tennis when it
started raining.

Unit 4 Place des mots accompagnant le verbe.

Prsent simple et prsent continu
Part 1: Place des mots accompagnant le verbe verbes avec deux
complments dobjet

verbe +
I
He

(c. direct)

personne + chose
bought him a present.

lent

her some money.

(c.direct)

=
=
=

(c.indirect)

bought a present for

He lent

I/You/We/
They work.

I/You/We/They Do I/you/we/they Yes, I/you/we/ No, I/you/

dont (do not) work?
they do.
we/they
work.
dont.

He/She/It
works.

He/She/It
Does he/she/it
doesnt (does work?
not) work.

Yes, he/she/
it does.

No, he/she/
it doesnt.

Ajouter s aprs la plupart des verbes: live lives, play plays, work works
Ajouter es aprs ch, sh, s, x: watch watches, finish finishes
Supprimer y et ajouter ies aprs une consonne + y: study studies
Formes irrgulires: do does, go goes, have has

verb + chose + to/for + personne

I

Rponse
courte No

Conjugaison: 3me personne du singulier

Quelques verbes usuels peuvent avoir deux complments dobjet. Deux

constructions diffrentes de la phrase sont possibles, mais la signification
reste la mme. La construction verbe + personne + objet est la plus
couramment utilise, surtout avec les pronoms complments (me, you, him,
etc.)
(c. indirect)

Rponse
courte Yes

On peut utiliser le prsent simple pour parler de:

choses qui sont toujours vraies. He looks like his father. Ice forms at 0
degrees.

him.

some money to her.

choses qui ont lieu rgulirement ou chaque fois. He plays tennis on

Friday. She never gets up before 9.00 a.m.

Verbes courants avec le schma verbe + chose + to + personne : give, lend,

offer, pass, read, send, show, teach, tell

Prsent continu

Verbes courants avec le schma verbe + chose + for + personne : buy, find,
get, make

Affirmatif
Ngatif
Question

! On ne peut utiliser la construction verbe + personne + chose avec

Im (am)
working.

certains verbes: describe, explain, say or suggest.

He explained the situation to me. (NOT He explained me the situation.)
She said hello to us. (NOT She said us hello.)

79

Rponse
courte Yes

Im not (am
Am I working?
Yes, I am.
not) working.

Rponse
courte No
No, Im not.

You/We/
You/We/They Are you/we/they
Theyre (are) arent (are not) working?
working.
working.

Yes, you/we/
they are.

No, you/we/
they arent.

He/She/Its
He/She/It isnt Is he/she/it
(is) working. (is not)
working?

working.

Yes, he/she/
it is.

No, he/she/
it isnt.

Conjugaison: formes en ing

On peut employer a bit ou much pour modifier les comparaisons.

Supprimer e et ajouter ing pour les verbes qui se terminent en e: have

having, make making

Wembley Stadium is a bit bigger than the Stade de France.

Cristiano Ronaldo is much better-looking than Wayne Rooney.

Ajouter une consonne + ing pour les verbes qui se terminent avec une
voyelle + une consonne: run running, stop stopping

On utilise not as + adjectif + as pour faire des comparaisons ngatives.

Golf is not as dangerous as motor racing.

On peut employer le prsent continu pour parler d:

On utilise les adjectifs superlatifs pour comparer des personnes/choses avec

lensemble des personnes/choses du mme groupe.

activits qui se droulent au moment (prcis) o lon parle. What are you
doing? Im writing an email.

Mohamed Ali was the greatest sportsman of all time.

activits qui se droulent peu prs au moment o lon parle. Cars are
getting cheaper, but house prices are going up.

Football is the most popular sport in the world.

Part 2: Phrasal verbs [verbes composs]

Unit 5 Adjectifs comparatifs et superlatifs.

Phrasal verbs[verbes composs]

Lexpression phrasal verb [verbe compos] fait en gnral rfrence tous

les verbes composs de plusieurs mots, consistant en un verbe + particule(s).
On peut diviser les verbes composs en trois groupes principaux.

Part 1: Adjectifs comparatifs et superlatifs

Adjectif

Comparatif

Superlatif

new nice

newer nicer

fit

Fitter

the newest
the nicest

Adjectifs finissant en y

healthy

Adjectifs irrguliers

good bad far

Adjectifs longs: ajouter
more / the most

exciting

Adjectifs courts: ajouter

er/est
Adjectifs finissant avec une
consonne ou e
Adjectifs finissant avec une
voyelle + une consonne

1 Verbe + particule (INTRANSITIF)

Certains verbes composs sont intransitifs et n acceptent pas de
complment dobjet direct.
Sit down and enjoy it.
When are you going to grow up?

the fittest

2 Verbe + complment dobjet + particule (TRANSITIF PEUT TRE SPAR)

Healthier

the healthiest

better worse
further

the best the

worst the
furthest

La plupart des verbes composs sont transitifs. Ces verbes ont un

complment dobjet direct. Avec les verbes particule sparable, si le
complment dobjet direct est un nom, on peut le mettre devant ou derrire
la particule.

more exciting

Take off your shoes. OR Take your shoes off.

the most
exciting

Si le complment dobjet direct est un pronom, on doit le placer entre le

verbe et la particule.
Switch it off, please. (NOT Switch off it.)

On utilise les adjectifs comparatifs pour comparer les personnes/choses avec

dautres personnes/choses
Fernando Alonso is older than Lewis Hamilton.

80

3 Verbe + particule + complment dobjet (TRANSITIF NE PEUT TRE

SPAR)

On utilise have to / dont have to pour parler de ncessit ou dobligation:

Avec ce type de verbe compos on place toujours le complment dobjet

direct nom ou pronom aprs la particule.

dont have to signifie que quelque chose nest pas ncessaire ou bien pas
obligatoire.

She looks after her grandmother.

In the UK, you have to drive on the left. You dont have to wear a helmet
on a bicycle.

have to signifie que quelque chose est ncessaire ou bien obligatoire.

I ran after the bus, but it didnt stop.

Part 2: Prsent perfect simple

Unit 6 Permission et obligation (prsent).

Prsent perfect simple

Affirmatif
Ngatif
Question

Part 1: can pour la permission; have to pour lobligation

Affirmatif
Ngatif
Question

Rponse
courte Yes

Rponse
courte Yes

Rponse
courte No

I/You/We/
I/You/We/They Have I/you/we/
Yes, I/you/we/ No, I/you/
Theyve (have) havent (have they worked?
they have.
we/they
worked.
not) worked.
havent.

Rponse
courte No

He/She/Its
He/She/It hasnt Has he/she/it
(has) worked. (has not)
worked?

worked.

I/You/He, etc. I/You/He etc.

Can I/you/he, etc. Yes, I/you/he, No, I/you/
can work.
cant (cannot) work?
etc. can.
he, etc.

work.
cant.

Yes, he/she/
it has.

No, he/she/
it hasnt.

See the list of irregular verbs on page 159.

On peut utiliser can et cant pour parler de permission:

On peut employer le prsent perfect pour parler dactions passes qui se

droulent dans le temps jusquau moment o lon parle [time up to now].
On ninsiste pas sur un moment prcis.

can signifie que quelque chose est permis: cest OK.

cant signifie que quelque chose nest pas permis: ce nest pas OK.
In the UK, you can leave school when you are 16. You cant vote until you
are 18.
Affirmatif
Ngatif
Question

Rponse
courte Yes

Time up to now [expression dune action du pass qui dure encore au

moment o lon parle]

Rponse
courte No

The past

I/You/We/
I/You/We/They Do I/you/we/they Yes, I/you/we/ No, I/you/
They have to dont have to have to work?
they do.
we/they
work.
worked.
dont.
He/She/It has He/She/It
to work.
doesnt have

to work.

Does he/she/it
have to work?

Yes, he/she/
it does.

Now
Ive done a lot of silly things in my life.

Expressions de temps courantes qui dcrivent le temps pass up to now:

today, this week, recently, never, over the years. Avec ces expressions de
temps on emploie, en gnral, le prsent perfect.

No, he/she/
it doesnt.

My brother has never been to a pop concert.

I havent seen any good films recently.

81

! been been est le participe pass de be, mais on peut aussi lemployer

I want a fairer system. I dont feel strongly about politics.

comme participe pass de go.

Verbes courants exprimant un tat:

Comparez les phrases:

feelings: hate, like, love, prefer, want.

Hes been to Rome. = He went and came back.

thoughts: believe, feel, know, think, understand.

Hes gone to Rome. = He went and is in Rome now.

possession: belong, have, own.

Finished time [expression du pass rvolu]

The past

senses: feel, hear, see, smell, sound, taste.

appearance: appear, look (like), seem.

Now

X
I did a lot of silly things when I was at university.

! Quelques verbes expriment la fois une action et un tat:

Rosie is having a great time at university. (have = dynamic meaning)

Brian has a beautiful house. (have = stative meaning)

Expressions de temps courantes qui expriment que laction passe est

termine au moment o lon parle [finished time]: yesterday, last month,
when I was a student, in 1990, a few minutes ago. On emploie le prtrit
simple avec ces expressions de temps.

Part 2: Formes exprimant le futur: (be) going to et prsent continu

Affirmatif
Ngatif
Question

She called you a few minutes ago. I didnt go to the mountains last
summer.

Unit 7 Verbes daction et verbes dtat.

Formes exprimant le futur
Part 1: Verbes daction et verbes dtat
Verbes daction

Im (am)
going to
work.

Im not (am
not) going to
work.

You/We/
Theyre (are)
going to
work.

You/We/
Are you/we/they Yes, you/we/
Theyre not
going to work? they are.
(are not) going
to work.

He/She/Its
He/She/It isnt
(is) going to (is not) going
work.
to work.

La plupart des verbes ont un sens dynamique . Ils expriment une action :
quelque chose se passe. On peut les employer avec des formes simples
pour parler dhabitudes ou de routines, ou avec des formes continues
(progressives) pour parler dvnements qui sont en train de se drouler.

Rponse
courte Yes

Am I going to
Yes, I am.
work?

Is he/she/it going Yes, he/she/

to work?
it is.

Rponse
courte No
No, Im
not.
No, you/
we/they
arent.
No, he/she/
it isnt.

On peut utiliser (be) going to pour exprimer des intentions dans le futur. On
a pris une dcision au sujet dun vnement situ dans le futur et lon parle
de cette dcision.

I recycle all paper, plastic and bottles. Were destroying the planet. The
phone is ringing.
Verbes dtat
Les verbes qui ont un rapport avec le savoir, lmotion ou la possession
expriment un tat. Il ne se passe rien. On ne peut les utiliser avec des
formes continues.

82

Decide what to do.

Y
The past

Talk about
the decision.

Do it.

Now

The future

Permission: can/could; cant/couldnt

One of these days Im going to get fit. Hes going to tell me all about his
holidays.
On peut employer le prsent continu pour parler dvnements situs dans
le futur. On a pris des dispositions pour un vnement situ dans le futur et
lon en parle.
Decide what to do.

Arrange it.

Talk about the

arrangement.

Do it.

The past

The future

Non
ncessaire

Present
You can do it. You cant do it.
You have to

do it.

You dont
have to do
it.

Past
You could do it. You couldnt do it. You had to

do it.

You didnt
have to do
it.

On emploie have to / had to pour exprimer la ncessit ou lobligation. had

to est la forme au pass de have to.

For present continuous verb forms see page 132.

I had to wear a uniform at school. In the 1960s you didnt have to wear a
helmet on a motorbike.

Unit 8 Permission et obligation (prsent et pass). Conseil

Part 2: must et should pour le conseil

Part 1: can/could pour la permission; have to / had to pour lobligation

Rponse
courte Yes

Affirmatif
Ngatif
Question

Rponse
courte No

Rponse
courte Yes

Rponse
courte Yes

Rponse
courte No

I/You/He, etc. I/You/He, etc. Must I/you/he, etc. Yes, I/you/he, No, I/you/
must work.
mustnt (must work?
etc. must.
he, etc.

not) work.
mustnt.

I/You/He, etc. I/You/He, etc. Could I/you/he,

Yes, I/you/he, No, I/you/
could work. couldnt (could etc. work?
etc. could.
he, etc.

not) work.
couldnt.
Affirmatif
Ngatif
Question

Permis
Non permis
Ncessaire

When I was fourteen I could stay out as long as I wanted. Swiss women
couldnt vote in elections until 1971.

Are you doing anything on Thursday? Were meeting the President this
afternoon at 2.00 p.m.

Affirmatif
Ngatif
Question

Obligation: have to / had

to; had to / didnt have to

On peut utiliser can/could pour parler de permission. could est la forme au

pass de can.

Y
Now

I/You/He, etc.
should work.

Rponse
courte No

I/You/He, etc. I/You/He, etc. Did I/you/he,

Yes, I/you/he, No, I/you/
had to work. didnt have to etc. have to
etc. did.
he, etc.

work.
work?
didnt.

83

I/You/He, etc. Should I/you/he, Yes, I/you/he, No, I/you/

shouldnt
etc. work?
etc. should.
he, etc.
(should not)
shouldnt.
work.

On peut employer must et should pour donner un conseil. must est plus fort
que should.

Affirmatif
Ngatif
Question

You must lose weight (ou tu vas/vous allez mourir)! You should lose weight
(car tu te sentiras/vous vous sentirez mieux).

He/She/Its
(has) been
working.

for et since
for + une mesure de temps et since + un moment dans le temps sont deux
manires dexprimer la mme chose.

He/She/It hasnt Has he/she/it

(has not) been been working?
working.

Yes, he/she/
it has.

No, he/she/
it hasnt.

On utilise en gnral le prsent perfect continu pour dcrire la dure dune

action continue ou rpte partir dun moment dans le pass et qui dure
encore au moment o lon parle.

On utilise for quand on situe la dure du temps: for a few days / for three
years / for ages.
On utilise since pour situer le dbut de laction dans le temps: since Monday
/ since I left school / since 1997.

Weve been studying Greek for ten years.

Shes been going to the same hairdresser since the 1990s.

Prsent perfect simple et continu

Rponse
courte Yes

! Verbes dtat On nemploie pas le prsent perfect continu avec les

Rponse
courte No

verbes dtat. On utilise la forme simple.

Shes known Tom since they were at school. (NOT Shes been knowing )

I/You/We/
I/You/We/They Have I/you/we/
Yes, I/you/we/ No, I/you/
Theyve (have) havent (have they worked?
they have.
we/they
worked.
not) worked.
havent.
He/She/Its
He/She/It hasnt Has he/she/it
(has) worked. (has not)
worked?

worked.

Rponse
courte No

I/You/We/
I/You/We/They Have I/you/we/
Yes, I/you/we/ No, I/you/
Theyve (have) havent (have they worked?
they have.
we/they
been working. not) been
havent.

working.

Unit 9 for et since. Prsent perfect simple et continu

Affirmatif
Ngatif
Question

Rponse
courte Yes

Yes, he/she/
it has.

Theyve had the same computer since 2003. (NOT Theyve been having )
See the list of common verbs with stative meanings on page 138.

No, he/she/
it hasnt.

NOTE: On peut aussi utiliser la forme simple pour indiquer des situations
invariables,immuables.
Comparer: Ive been living here since the summer. Ive lived here all my life.

See the list of irregular verbs on page 159.

84

Unit 10 will (futur). Expressions du futur. used to

Part 2: used to

Part 1: will (futur). Expressions du futur

Affirmatif
Ngatif
Question

Rponse
courte Yes

Affirmatif
Ngatif
Question

Rponse
courte No

Rponse
courte Yes

Rponse
courte No

I/You/He, etc. I/You/He, etc. Did I/you/he, etc. Yes, I/you/he, No, I/you/
used to work. didnt use to use to work?
etc. did.
he, etc.

work.
didnt.

I/You/He, etc. I/You/He, etc. Will I/you/he, etc. Yes, I/you/he, No, I/you/
ll (will) work. wont (will not) work?
etc. will.
he, etc.

work.
wont.

On peut utiliser used to + infinitif pour parler dhabitudes dans le pass

(actions rptes dans le pass) ou bien dtats dans le pass. Il dcrit des
choses qui taient vraies dans le pass, mais qui ne le sont probablement
plus maintenant

will est un modal. On peut utiliser will pour parler du futur quand il ny a
pas de plan, dintention ou darrangement pris au moment o lon parle.
Comparer: What are you doing / going to do this weekend? (= je pense que
vous avez des plans, des intentions ou pris des dispositions.)

I used to go to school by bus.

I didnt use to enjoy English lessons.

What will you do this weekend? (= je ne pense pas que vous le sachiez.)

What sort of car did you use to have?

Expressions du futur

! On ne peut utiliser used to + infinitif pour parler dune action unique

Quand on exprime le futur, on emploie une forme du futur dans la

proposition principale mais on emploie un temps prsent dans les
subordonnes aprs when, if, as soon as, before, after, etc. Deux
constructions de phrases sont possibles.

situe dans le pass.

(NOT One weekend we used to go to Paris.)

Conjonction

Subordonne

Proposition principale

Unit 11 Relatives restrictives. Unreal conditionals

[conditions]

When

he gets home

hes going to have a bath.

Part 1: Relatives restrictives

If

it rains tomorrow

well play at the weekend.

Une subordonne relative restrictive peut dfinir ou identifier la chose

ou la personne introduite dans la proposition principale. Elle se place
immdiatement aprs la personne ou la chose quelle dcrit.

OR
Proposition principale

Conjonction

Subordonne

Hes going to have a bath

when

he gets home.

Well play at the weekend

if

it rains tomorrow.

A cheetah is an animal that can run at 100 kilometres an hour. The woman
who does my hair is called Muriel.
Le pronom relatif (that, which, who) devient le sujet du verbe dans la
subordonne relative. On emploie that (ou which) pour les choses et who
(ou that) pour les personnes.

85

subject

People

who

verb

come from Manchester are called Mancunians.

subject verb

A butchers is a shop that

if-subordonne

Propostion principale

If I had $1million,

Id travel round the world.

If I could live anywhere

Id choose somewhere hot.

sells meat.

Unit 12 Past perfect [plu-perfect]. Le passif

Part 2: Unreal conditionals [condition]

Part 1: Past perfect [plu-perfect]

On peut utiliser une phrase conditionnelle pour parler dune situation

prsente (ou future) qui est imaginaire ou peu probable. Ces phrases sont
appeles habituellement unreal conditionals. Elles ont deux propositions:
une proposition subordonne avec if- et une proposition principale.

Affirmatif
Ngatif
Question

Pour montrer que la situation prsente (ou future) est imaginaire. On utilise
un temps au pass.
Situation imaginaire

I am not an animal.

If I was/were an animal, *

I live in an apartment

If I lived in an igloo,

Rponse
courte No

I/You/He, etc. I/You/He, etc. Had I/you/he, etc. Yes, I/you/he, No, I/you/
d (had)
hadnt (had
worked?
etc. had.
he, etc.
worked.
not) worked.
hadnt.

Subordonne en -if

Situation relle

Rponse
courte Yes

See the list of irregular verbs on page 159.

On utilise le plu-perfect quand on parle du pass et que lon fait rfrence
un pass plus ancien. Le plu-perfect montre clairement quun vnement
sest droul avant les autres vnements passs.
Id had breakfast when I got to work this morning.

*REMARQUE If I/he/she/it were est plus formel que If I/he/she/it was. On

emploie toujours were dans lexpression invariable If I were you

Earlier past

Proposition principale

Part 2: Le passif

On emploie en gnral use would + infinitif dans la proposition principale.

Dans les phrases la forme passive, le complment du verbe actif devient le

sujet du verbe passif.

I/You/He, etc.
d (would)
work.

I/You/He, etc. Would I/you/he, Yes, I/you/he, No, I/you/

wouldnt
etc. work?
etc. would.
he, etc.
(would not)
wouldnt.
work.

Past

Now

Active
subjet

Passive
verbe

complment

Somebody built the first Ice Hotel

in 1990.

86

sujet

verbe

The first Ice Hotel was built in 1990.

On peut utiliser les verbes la forme passive pour parler dactions dont il
nest pas important de savoir ( ou lon ne sait pas) qui les a ralises
My shoes were designed in Italy. All the furniture is made of ice.
Affirmatif
Ngatif
Question

Rponse
courte Yes

Rponse
courte No

Theyre made They arent

Are they made in Yes, they are. No, they
in China.
made in China. China?
arent.
It was built
in 1963.

It wasnt built Was it built in

Yes, it was.
in 1963. 1963?

No, it
wasnt.

87