Introduction to

Integrated Library
Systems
Lesson 1. What are library
management systems?

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Rationale
Realizing the important role that the library
management system will play in planning and
implementing library automation projects, it is
necessary to educate ourselves and know
more about these systems.This lesson will
introduce you to library automation and will
focus on integrated library systems (ILS),
which is an essential component in library
automation.
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Scope
What is a library management system?

What is library automation?

What is an integrated library system?

What are the general features and functional

modules of an integrated library system?
What library automation standards are
supported by most systems?
What is the status of libraries in the Asian
region?

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Learning outcomes
By the end of the lesson you should be able to:

Define library management system, library

automation, and integrated library system

Describe the general features and basic functional

modules of an integrated library system

Define the role of standards in library automation

and resource sharing

Be aware of the situation of libraries in the Asian

region concerning integrated library systems

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What is a library
management system?
A library management system, also
known as an automated library system
is software that has been developed
to handle basic housekeeping
functions of a library.

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A single function
automated library
system
Bibliographic
Database

UNESCOs CDS/ISIS, a powerful information

and storage retrieval software is used to
create electronic catalogs and indexes and to
provide OPAC to library users
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What is library
automation?
Library automation is the general term for
information and communications
technologies (ICT) that are used to
replace manual systems in the library.
The functions that may be automated are
any or all of the following:
acquisition,cataloging, circulation,serials
management and reference.
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What is an integrated
library system?
When the library management system
shares a common database to perform
all the basic functions of a library, the
system is integrated.

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A library with an integrated

library system
Reference
OPAC
OPAC
OPAC

Cataloging
Circulation

Acquisition

OPAC

File Server:
Database
Serials
Management

A Local Are
Network

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Activity
1-1
Access the following sites to know more
about the integrated library systems
available on the market.
1. AcqWeb's Guide to Automated Library Systems, Library
Software, Hardware and Consulting Companies
http://acqweb.library.vanderbilt.edu/acqweb/pubr/opac.html
2. Integrated Library System Reports: Vendors info
http://www.ilsr.com/search2.cfm

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What are the general

features of an ILS?

Functional modules most systems offer the basic

modules - cataloging, OPAC and circulation - in a
library software package, and the other functions
such as acquisition, serial control, interlibrary loan
(ILL), and Web OPAC are usually provided as
optional add on modules or part of a main module
Operating systems each system may work for a
particular OS like Windows, Unix, or it may work for
both Windows and Unix environment
Database
systems major systems normally
make use of DBMS offered by different vendors
like Oracle, Informix, MS SQL, MS Access etc

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What are the general

features of an ILS?

Network architecture major systems run on the

client-server architecture and use TCP-IP to
communicate across networks (LANs and WANs)
User interface the use of a graphical user interface
(GUI) is the norm for current systems because users
find it easier to work with and it allows a wide range of
tasks to be accomplished with a click of a mouse
Library automation standards provisions for library
industry standards such as MARC and Z39.50 are
normally integrated in major systems

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Cataloging module
Used for the creation, storage, retrieval and
management of bibliographic records and/or indexes.

Defines the record format used in the database and

provides for authority control author, subject
headings, etc.

Usually there are two different interfaces for search

and retrieval of the electronic catalog : one used by
the catalogers that allows them to maintain the library
database (the main cataloging module), and one
provided for users that allows them to search and
display the results the Online Public Access
Catalog (OPAC).

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A dictionary file, which is used as an authority file by CDS/ISIS

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The OPAC
Cataloging activities using an ILS produce
an electronic catalog. The means of
access to the catalog for users which is
limited to search and display is called an
Online Public Access Catalog or OPAC.
An OPAC is usually offered as an add-on
module that is integral with the cataloging
module. The specific search and display
features of an OPAC vary from system to
system.
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CDS/ISIS OPAC with Boolean search

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Developments in
OPACs

Recent developments in ICT have enabled

libraries to publish their catalogs on the Web
making them accessible locally (on site) and/or
remotely through the Web as a Web OPAC.

OPACs can also be linked to the circulation

module so that users can find out from its OPAC
record the status of an item (whether it is on loan,
on-shelf, etc.) and loan information about it, as
well as making a self-reservation and/or selfcheck-in/check-out (and maybe other features
such as ILL, and links to electronic resources on
the Web or local databases)

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Web OPAC

PCs in LAN

Web server

OPAC

PCs connected
to Internet

Bibliographic
database

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Activity
1-2
View some OPACS on the Web by
visiting the home pages of some
academic libraries. Click on their link
to the library catalog.

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Circulation
Handles
circulation activities such as: lending, return,
module
renewal, and place on hold
Manages library materials - circulation type, location
and status; patron database - patron type, profiles,
privileges; and other transactions such as
computation and payment of overdue fines, lost
books, etc.
May have added value functions like: import, export,
and backup and restore functions for the
databases; inventory; report generation; and support
for MARC, Z39.50, ILL standards.
May support integration with security systems that
complement the self-check-in and checkout features
of the circulation module.
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Activity
1-3
Read the materials on security
systems in libraries on these sites:
http://www.checkpointsystems.com/l
ibrary/index.asp
http://www.3m.com/market/security/l
ibrary/prod_info.jhtml
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Acquisitions module
Automates the acquisition process ordering, receiving, claiming materials from
suppliers, and returns, and cancellations
of materials

Used to maintain statistics, and in some

cases manage accounting activities.

Acquisition can be done online if system

is linked to an external network.

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Activity
1-4
Visit amazon.com at
http://www.amazon.com
Find out how materials can be ordered
and paid for online

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Serials Control
Module

Manages placing, canceling, claiming of

orders; returning defective, unwanted
and unordered material; and accounting
and statistical information
Provides a system for recording issues
and keeping track of undelivered issues
by generating claim reports.
May permit serial ordering online.
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Activity
1-5

Visit the home page of subscription agents that

provide access and subscription to
electronic journals and find out how IT
provides online services to patrons.
1. EBSCO Online
http://www.ebsco.com/ess/services/online.stm
2. Swets & Zeitlinger Swetsnet
http://www.swetsnet.com
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Interlibrary Loan
Module

Provides staff with an information

management system for interlibrary loan
transactions. This includes automatic
monitoring of loans and accounts, making
claims, putting holds on materials being
borrowed, etc.
Can also monitor the library's ILL activities,
e.g. the number of items borrowed by
individual clients, from where, for whom, etc.
This module is seldom required except by
libraries with very heavy ILL transactions.
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Add-on Module

Usually offer additional functions and features

as optional to the basic functions or as an
integral part of a module. Examples are
report generation, inventory, short loan
transactions, import / export of records from /
to MARC formats, Web OPAC, Z39.50 client
and/or server services, and security systems
linked to or integrated with the cataloging /
circulation module.

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Activity
1-6
Choose 5 ILS from those you visited in
activity 1-1.
Create a matrix listing their general
features and functional modules

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What library automation

standards are supported
by most systems?

The standards adopted by the library industry and

community that facilitate data interchange between
libraries and institutions, and which are supported
by most systems are MARC (Machine Readable
Cataloguing) standards and Z39.50, the
information search and retrieve protocol standard.

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What is MARC?
The Machine-Readable Cataloging (MARC)
formats are standards used for the
representation of bibliographic and related
information for books and other library
materials in machine-readable form and
their communication to and from other
computers.

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Why is a bibliographic
record in MARC format
necessary?
A bibliographic record in MARC format will
allow the application system or library
automation system to:

format the information correctly for printing a set of

catalog cards or for displaying the information on a
computer screen
search for and retrieve certain types of information
within specific fields
display lists of items as required by the search

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Why is support for the

MARC standard
important?
The MARC standard allows libraries to share

bibliographic resources with other libraries

that also use it.
It also enables libraries to easily migrate to
commercially available library automation
systems, a majority of which support only the
MARC standard

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Activity
1-7
For more information about the MARC
standard visit the following sites:
http://lcweb.loc.gov/marc/marc.html
http://www.ifla.org/VI/3/p1996-1/unimarc.htm
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What is Z39.50?
Z39.50 is generally defined as the
information search and retrieve protocol
standard used primarily by library and
information related systems.
The standard specifies a client/serverbased protocol for searching and retrieving
information from remote databases
simultaneously using a single interface.
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Activity
1-8
Read more about Z39.50 by reading this
article:
Z39.50. Part 1 - An Overview from Biblio Tech
Review
http://www.biblio-tech.com/html/z39_50.html
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What is the status of

library automation in
Asia?

Reports by students

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