The Inverse Z-Transform
The Inverse Z-Transform
Content and Figures are from Discrete-Time Signal Processing, 2e by Oppenheim, Shafer, and Buck, 1999-2000 Prentice Hall Inc.
Inspection Method
Make use of known z-transform pairs such as
anun Z
1
1 az 1
z a
1
X z
1
1 z 1
2
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1
z
2
1
xn un
2
X z
b z
k 0
N
k
a
z
k
k 0
X z
M N
B z
r 0
s
Ak
Cm
1
1
k 1,k i 1 dk z
m 1 1 d z
i
N
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M N
B z
r 0
s
Ak
Cm
1
1
1
d
z
k 1,k i
m 1 1 d z
k
i
N
Ak 1 dk z 1 X z z d
Cm
s m! di
s m
ds m
s
1
d
w
X
w
i
s m
dw
w di1
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1
1 1
1 1
z
1
4
2
ROC : z
1
2
X z
A1
A2
1 1
1 1
1 z
1 z
4
2
1 1
A1 1 z X z
1
4
1 1 1
2 4
A 2 1 z 1 X z
1
2
z
2
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1
1 1 1
4 2
Example Continued
X z
1
2
1 1
1 1
z
1
4
2
1
2
1
1
xn 2 un - un
2
4
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Example #2
1 2z 1 z 2
1 z 1
X z
3
1
1
1 z 1 z 2 1 z 1 1 z 1
2
2
2
z 1
2
1
1 2 3 1
2
1
z z 1 z 2z
2
2
z 2 3z 1 2
5z 1 1
A 1 1 z 1 X z
9
2
1
X z 2
1 5z 1
1 1
1 z 1 z 1
2
A1
A2
X z 2
1 1 1 z 1
1 z
2
A 2 1 z 1 X z
z 1
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Example #2 Continued
X z 2
9
8
1 1 1 z 1
1 z
2
z 1
1
xn 2n 9 un - 8un
2
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X z
xn z
In expanded form
X z x 2 z2 x 1 z1 x0 x1 z 1 x2 z 2
Z-transforms of this form can generally be inversed easily
Especially useful for finite-length series
Example
1
1 n 2
X z z 2 1 z 1 1 z 1 1 z 1
1
2
2 n 1
1
1 1
2
x
n
z z 1 z
1 n 0
2
2
1
n1
2
1
1
0
xn n 2 n 1 n n 1
n2
2
2
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xn Z X z
ROC R x
Linearity
ROC R x1 R x2
xn a un - a un - N
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ROC R x
Here no is an integer
If positive the sequence is shifted right
If negative the sequence is shifted left
Example
X z z
1
1 z 1
4
xn
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n-1
1
z
4
un - 1
11
ROC zo R x
xn r n cos onun
X z
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n
1 jo n
1
re
un re jo un
2
2
1/2
1/2
1 re jo z 1 1 re jo z 1
z r
12
ROC R x
X z log 1 az 1
z a
dX z
az 2
dX z
1
1
z
az
1
dz
dz
1 az
1 az 1
Making use of z-transform properties and ROC
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nxn a a
n 1
xn 1
an
un 1
n
n 1
un 1
13
x* n Z X* z*
ROC R x
Example
X z
x
n
z
X z
xn z
x n z
x n z x n z
X z
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Z x n
14
ROC
1
Rx
ROC is inverted
Example:
xn anu n
n
Time reversed version of a un
1
- a-1z 1
X z
1 az 1 - a-1z 1
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z a1
15
x1 n x2 n Z X1 z X2 z
ROC : R x1 R x2
x1 n anun and x2 n un
1
1
X1 z
ROC
:
z
X
z
2
1 az 1
1 z 1
Multiplications of z-transforms is
1
Y z X1 z X2 z
1 az1 1 z 1
ROC : z 1
Y z
asume ROC : z 1
1
1
1 a 1 z
1 az
1
yn
un an1un
1a
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