Total Quality Management: Midterm

Human Errors Prevention and Detection:

1. Automatic Laptop battery cut off:

Detection:
We often see that the battery life of laptop reducing gradually and bulging. This is due to a simple
human error. The laptop battery should not be charged after reaching 100%. When fully charged, the
charge current flowing through the device must be cut off. In case of Li-ion battery, a continuous trickle
charge would cause plating of metallic lithium to decompose and this could be a compromise on
safety.
Prevention:
This is a serious issue wherein upon prolonged negligence, laptop can be totally damaged and this
can be prevented by introducing a cut off when the laptop is charged to its maximum. This combines a
mix of software signal to interact with the hardware circuitry, once the laptop hits 100%. A signal
should be sent to the charger and a cut off could be initiated through a simple circuitry and the laptop
can be saved from overcharging. Thereby, the quality of the laptop increases and henceforth more
lifetime.

2. Automated AC regulator
Detection:
Air Conditioner is one among the most widely used appliance all over the world. This is also one of
those appliances that would consume considerably more power than others. A high percentage of this
consumed power is wasted due to irregular utilization. The above ineffective utilization can be
controlled by regulating the AC power with respect to various factors associated with the same. This
consumption might be less or huge in different cases, but in either way the power consumed is
indefinitely going to be a major source for the future generation.

Prevention:
The above AC power consumption error detected can be eliminated by regulating the level of degree
Celsius present in the AC with respect to the number of people available in that particular place/room.
For example, in a company if there are 50 people in a room it would take more cold temperature
(minus temperature) run over a longer duration to cool down the place than to cool down a room with
20 people. Using a simple detector to identify the number of people inside a room and with that
providing conditioned air accordingly will save us a lot on the longer run.

3. Intelligent Headlight

Detection:
Human errors and automobiles would go together. We can find numerous human errors that would
occur with respect to automobiles and one of them is headlight beam glowing when it is not necessary.
During the daylight we forget to switch off the headlight and therefore it glows to its full potential
resulting in waste of energy. In highways, it is not proper to drive with headlights on when there is no
need to. Therefore, there is a need to control the headlight and switch them off or on when needed.
Prevention:
This simple headlight ON issue during daylight could be prevented by using the wireless sunlight
sensors. Depending upon the degree of light in the surrounding, the headlight intensity decreases or
increases its power used by the automobile. If the daylight is bright during the afternoon, the
headlights are automatically turned OFF and during the evening time the intensity of headlight
gradually increases from 5o clock to 6o clock. By this way we are consuming little power and the
remaining energy saved can be efficiently used for regeneration.

4. Automated Waste sensing

Detection:
In our day to day life, we are practiced to dispose garbage and we are cautious with the knowledge as
to which are non biodegradable and biodegradable, thereby we dispose it in separate bin bags. But
there are situations where we are unable to distinguish the products or by mistake we dispose it in the
wrong bags. These are simple human errors which can be prevented by fine tuning the end process
where these wastages are processed or burnt accordingly.
Prevention:
This human error can be prevented by introducing a simple system to detect the whether the waste is
biodegradable or not. Before sending the waste for recycling, the waste should be sent to a light
detector sent which could distinguish the difference and thereby separate the waste using an
automated filtering system. By this way wood which takes fewer years to decompose can be renewed
earlier and the plastics, which takes long years to decompose would be put in a different process and
the procedure carried out. By this way the separation is more precise and human error could be
avoided.

5. Emergency traffic clearance for ambulance

Detection:
A life or death situation should always be given the top priority and errors corresponding to them
should be eliminated instantly. In many places we often see the traffic clearing its way for an
ambulance which needs to rush itself to a hospital or at an incident scene. Sometimes the road is not
busy and they can be easily cleared and at the other times it could be totally packed with no room for
the ambulance. This is because we never know where the emergency could be and from where an
ambulance would enter the lane.
Prevention:
The traffic lights will have RF receivers and the emergency vehicles will have RF transmitters. Once
the emergency vehicle is approaching traffic held road, the lane in which the ambulance is there turns
green and other 3 traffic lights goes to red light. Once the ambulance crosses, the traffic light again
resumes to the previous state, thereby ensuring more safety and less disruption for the travelers on
the road.

6. Near Field Communication in ATM

Detection:
Design of credit cards and methods for its usage were constantly redesigned for security purposes
only to find that, no matter how secured they are hackers and stealers find another way to steal from it.
Credit card should be redesigned in such a way that only the person registered with the card could use
it. A design to make the card useless without the owner should be established for more secured
usage.
Prevention:
Using NFC instead of RFID eliminates the need to swipe the card to use it. The NFC chip embedded
on the card will transmit the same information to the ATM location which the RFID did before. Now
after the detection of the card, the pin number should be sent to the user through the phone. The pin
number which is generated randomly will be destroyed at once when the user has used it.

7. Smart Dressing room

Detection:
Many a time the dresses we purchase, either we wear it and check the same in the fitting room else
bring it back home and check. There are many cases that sometimes the dress may fit and many a
times it may not fit our body structure and we are forced to go for an alternative. This human error is
basically out of our own interest and our eye sight may not give accurate results for the minor changes
in the dress sizes between the various brands.
Prevention:
The common error of human in selecting a particular dress which rightly fits their size can be chosen
with the help of a smart laptop placed in the shops. When we get the dress and stand with the dress in
hand near the smart laptop, it would eventually take in the measurements of us and virtually show
ourselves wearing the respective dress. By this we would be able to correctly judge whether the

chosen dress is appropriate or should go for another alterative. By this way the efficiency and quality
of shopping could be increased indefinitely.

8. Photo frame and Poster Aligners

Detection:
Whenever we want to hang a photo frame or a poster on our house wall, the alignment is a huge
problem. We need someone to guide us and extra measure should be taken for that person to avoid
parallax error too. By this way we are increasing the quantity of labor required to do a particular job.
Prevention:
It is smarter to have a straightener/ Aligners, i.e, compass kind of light weight straightener tube fixed to
the bottom or top of the poster which would indicate whether the poster is in correct alignment to the
wall. When the bubble present is in the middle, it means the poster is straight without any inclination.
Thereby need for extra labor and more sensible way of hanging the photo frame can be brought into
use. Sometimes, there is also a probability where we could remove the straightener strip too once our
job is done (temporary aligners).

9. Hospital color coded routes to Destination

Detection:
Hospital is a huge complex building where different sections are placed in different corners. Many a
times though map would be present, it might still be confusing for people when they start approaching
their section. At the same time, each and every wrong step taken in a hospital might affect the patient
who is in need of care. The extra footsteps and confusion can be avoided.
Prevention:
The color coded paths framed on the floor of the hospital would provide directions to various places
like the operation-theater, emergency room, trauma cases, pharmacy, etc. Often patients look around
for arrows, signboards or a map to find their way to the respective departments losing valuable time
and are left confused. Identifying just the respective color to be followed to reach the destination helps
the patients to move freely without any confusion. This in turn improves the quality of the hospital.

10. Smart fridge

Detection
Each and every time we have to go open the fridge and see what all food stuffs (like vegetables, fruits,
cream) are available in order to start cooking for that days meals. The human error is that we tend to
forget the vegetables already used in the past days and whether the special food stuff such as the
cheese is available or not. By this way sometime we tend to waste the food too, because foods over
frozen at times would be futile eatable to be consumed and also items like milk which should be
consumed before expiration can be utilized in a useful way.
Prevention
A smart fridge would have a display where it would indicate the vegetables available inside the
freezer, refrigerator and would also provide a recipe with the help of the food stuffs present inside and
this could also be kept as a reminder for a trip to grocery purchasing if the veggies are over. By this
way, we will be kept aware of the available cooked food and the vegetables or fruits which are on the
verge of getting rotten (eg. Milk) This particular smart fridge just needs a camera and a sensor to
detect the substances present inside. Thereby, for example milk and yogurt can be used before the
expiration date.

11. Smart keychains

Detection
The most common error of humans is that we tend to forget the place where we exactly kept our car or
house key chains. This occurs very frequently and almost each and every human would have
experienced this at least once in their lifetime. Though we try to be more cautious every time, this is
one such random highly probable occur detected in our day to day life.
Prevention
The keychains would have a programmed sensor placed in it. Thereby, with the help of a smart phone
missing keychain can be detected with an indication of sound alarm. This would hence help in easy
tracking of the misplaced keychains. As there is an option for Finding my Phone option in
smartphones, there should also be another app for Finding my lost key. This would eventually help in
easy tracking and it can be further extended for finding all the available keys such as the car key,
house keys, locker keys, etc.

12. Smart desk

Prevention
The smart desk designed would have separate holes for different wires to be connected and the
design of the desk would provide provision for proper placement of IPad, laptop and smart phones.
So that easy access to all devices is applicable and the human errors such as wire tangling can be
avoided and the unnecessary damage of the gadgets can be eliminated. This in turn would
increase the durability of the charger wires used for the gadgets and thereby enhancing a longer
runtime of the devices. Additional feature as to many devices can be placed in the same desk with
proper arrangement.