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Facilitating User Computing

This document discusses end-user computing and how organizations can facilitate it. It covers the rise of end-user computing driven by affordable computers and user frustrations. Both advantages and disadvantages of user-developed applications are presented. Guidelines are provided for choosing a development process based on factors like the application, developer skills, and complexity. The document also discusses strategies for leveraging end-user computing at the organizational, departmental, and individual levels through technology, support/control actions, and developing an information center.

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Deepak Saxena
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164 views20 pages

Facilitating User Computing

This document discusses end-user computing and how organizations can facilitate it. It covers the rise of end-user computing driven by affordable computers and user frustrations. Both advantages and disadvantages of user-developed applications are presented. Guidelines are provided for choosing a development process based on factors like the application, developer skills, and complexity. The document also discusses strategies for leveraging end-user computing at the organizational, departmental, and individual levels through technology, support/control actions, and developing an information center.

Uploaded by

Deepak Saxena
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

CHAPTER 11

Facilitating
User Computing
11.1

END-USER COMPUTING
HANDS-ON USE OF COMPUTERS BY
EMPLOYEES
ENTER DATA
MAKE INQUIRIES
PREPARE REPORTS
PERFORM STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
ANALYZE PROBLEMS
DEVELOP WEB PAGES

*
11.2

PRIMARY DRIVERS
AVAILABILITY OF LOW-COST
MICROCOMPUTERS:
HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGES
COMPUTER LITERACY AMONG COLLEGE
GRADUATES, PROFESSIONALS

INCREASED USER FRUSTRATIONS


ABOUT NEW PROJECT BACKLOGS
*
11.3

USER APPLICATION
DEVELOPMENT
USE OF COMPUTER TOOLS
DEVELOP BUSINESS
APPLICATIONS
USERS ARE NOT IS SPECIALISTS
INVOLVES APPLICATION, TOOL &
DEVELOPER
*
11.4

USER-DEVELOPED APPLICATIONS
ADVANTAGES
INCREASED USER CONTROL OVER
PROJECT
INCREASED USER ACCEPTANCE OF
SOLUTION
FREES IS RESOURCES
INCREASES USERS KNOWLEDGE
OF IT
*
11.5

USER-DEVELOPED APPLICATIONS
DISADVANTAGES
LOSS OF QUALITY CONTROL
INCREASES OPERATIONAL RISKS
DUE TO DEVELOPED TURNOVER
POTENTIAL LABOR/TIME
INEFFICIENCIES
LOSS OF INTEGRATION
OPPORTUNITIES/CAPABILITIES
*
11.6

CHARACTERISTICS
APPLICATION:
SCOPE: Personal, departmental,
organizational
CRITICALITY/IMPACT: Risk exposure
SIZE & USAGE: One-time, periodic, ongoing
PROBLEM COMPLEXITY: Structure, how
common is task?

*
11.7

CHARACTERISTICS
TOOL:
SOPHISTICATION, COMPLEXITY
INTERCONNECTEDNESS

DEVELOPER:
USER SKILLS, EXPERIENCE, AVAILABILITY
IS SPECIALIST SKILLS, EXPERIENCE,
AVAILABILITY

*
11.8

EXTENT OF INTERCONNECTEDNESS*
STAGE EXTENT OF INTERCONNECTEDNESS

ISOLATION: Application does not use


or create data for another application

STAND-ALONE: Application uses

manually entered computer-generated


data from reports, printouts

MANUAL INTEGRATION: Data

electronically transferred from another


application, manually (e.g., file on disk)

*
* Adapted
11.9 from Huff, Munro & Martin, 1988

EXTENT OF INTERCONNECTEDNESS*
STAGE EXTENT OF INTERCONNECTEDNESS

AUTOMATED INTEGRATION:

Application electronically connected


with one or more databases/applications
using automated scripts

DISTRIBUTED INTEGRATION:

Application uses data created, stored,


maintained by organizations systems
under control of IS specialists

*
* Adapted
11.10 from Huff, Munro & Martin, 1988

GUIDELINES FOR CHOOSING


DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
DEVELOPED
FOR OTHER
USERS
DEVELOPED
FOR SELF
USER ONLY

SMALL, SIMPLE

11.11

LARGE,
COMPLEX

1. SDLC OR
PROTOTYPING,
DISCIPLINED
APPROACH TO
DEFINITION &
IMPLEMENTATION
2. SDLC, CLEAR
HANDS-OFF
BETWEEN PHASES
3. COLLAPSED LIFE
CYCLE
4. DISCIPLINED,
ITERATIVE
DEVELOPMENT

LEVERAGING END-USER COMPUTING*


ORGANIZATION LEVEL
STRATEGY
CONTEXT:
ORGANIZATIONAL
LEVEL FACTORS
DEPARTMENTAL
LEVEL FACTORS
STATUS OF
IS/USER
PARTNERSHIP
*Based on Branceau &
Brown, 1993

11.12

TECHNOLOGY

SUPPORT &
CONTROL
ACTIONS

INDIVIDUAL LEVEL
USER
DEVELOPER
TASK
TOOL

DEVELOPMENT
PROCESS

ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL
STRATEGY: Strategic objectives

and approach to end-user computing

TECHNOLOGY: Range &

accessibility of end-user tools

SUPPORT & CONTROL ACTIONS:


Support services, control policies &
procedures

*
11.13

EXPANSION

EXPANSION/CONTROL MATRIX*
HIGH

LOW

ACCELERATION

CONTROLLED
GROWTH

LAISSEZ-FAIRE CONTAINMENT

LOW

HIGH

CONTROL

*Based on Monroe et al., 1987-1988; Brancheau & Amoroso, 1990

11.14

EVOLUTION OF INFORMATION
CENTER
STAGE ONE:
REACTIVE SERVICES
INDIVIDUAL SOLUTIONS
PRODUCT TRAINING
ALL NEEDS SUPPORTED
COMPUTER LITERACY TRAINING
ONE-WAY RELATIONSHIPS
*
11.15

EVOLUTION OF INFORMATION
CENTER
STAGE TWO:
PROACTIVE SERVICES
DEPARTMENTAL SOLUTIONS
BUSINESS PROBLEM-SOLVING
HIGH-PAYOFF NEEDS SUPPORTED
INFORMATION LITERACY
EDUCATION
ALLIANCE: IS/USER ALLIANCE
*
11.16

COMMON SUPPORT SERVICES

TROUBLESHOOTING
CONSULTING
TRAINING & IS EDUCATION
PRODUCT RESEARCH & EVALUATION
INFORMATION SHARING
TOOL SELECTION & PURCHASING
TOOL INSTALLATION, MAINTENANCE &
UPGRADING

*
11.17

COMMON POLICIES & PROCEDURES

PRODUCT STANDARDS
ERGONOMICS
PRODUCT PURCHASES
INVENTORY CONTROL
UPGRADE PROCEDURES
QUALITY REVIEW
IDENTIFYING CRITICAL APPLICATIONS &
DATA

*
11.18

COMMON POLICIES & PROCEDURES

DATA ACCESS
BACKUP PROCEDURES
AUDIT TRAILS
DOCUMENTATION STANDARDS
UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS
UNAUTHORIZED SOFTWARE COPYING
VIRUS PROTECTION

*
11.19

CHAPTER 11

Facilitating
User Computing
11.20

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