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Linear Transformation Lecture 1

Linear transformations are mappings between vector spaces that satisfy two properties: 1) The image of the sum of two vectors is equal to the sum of their individual images. 2) The image of a scalar multiplied vector is equal to the scalar multiplied by the image of the vector. Several examples are given of linear transformations, including projection and dilation mappings. Reflection is shown to be a linear transformation. A mapping is determined not to be linear based on it failing to satisfy the two properties.

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32 views4 pages

Linear Transformation Lecture 1

Linear transformations are mappings between vector spaces that satisfy two properties: 1) The image of the sum of two vectors is equal to the sum of their individual images. 2) The image of a scalar multiplied vector is equal to the scalar multiplied by the image of the vector. Several examples are given of linear transformations, including projection and dilation mappings. Reflection is shown to be a linear transformation. A mapping is determined not to be linear based on it failing to satisfy the two properties.

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mary_nailyn
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Linear Transformations

CHAPTER 6

6.1 Definition and Examples

DEFINITION 1: Let
mapping from
v V

to

maps

vector space

is a function that assigns to each vector

into

co-domain. The image of

under

The set of all images of vectors in

image of

v V

L , and

L ( v )=w

L: R 2 R 2

by

L ( x , y )=( x+ y , x2 y ) .
v =( 2,3 ) .

b) Find the pre-image of


Solution: a) For

v =( 2,3 )

L ( v )=L ( x , y )=L ( 2,3 )


Author: Richard Earnhart

w=(2,1) .

we have

The

is called the

is the vector

w.

a) Find the image of

w=L ( v ) .

is called the range of

such that

EXAMPLE 1: Define a mapping

L:V W .

then we write

is called the domain of

The set of all vectors

Rn . Then a

be vector spaces in

wW .

a unique vector

If

and

L.

is called the pre-

3
( ( 2+ (3 ) ) , ( 22 (3 ) ) )= (1, 8 )

(answer).

L ( x , y )=( x+ y , x2 y )=(2,1) , then

b) If

x+ y=2

x2 y=1
Solving the above equations simultaneously, we obtain
x=1
and y=1 . Thus, the pre-image of (2,1)

(1,1 )

the vector

EXAMPLE 2: For

in

(answer).

in the interval from

to

L ( x )=cos ( x) . Find the domain, codomain, and range of

Solution:

The domain is the specified closed interval,


L ( 0 )=cos ( 0 )=1

the range is from


interval

is

to

L ( )=cos ( )=1

, define

L .

[0, ]

while

or the closed

[1,1] . The codomain can be taken to be the set of real

numbers
[10,10]

or any subset containing the range such as

or

DEFINITION 2:
L:V W

or

[1,1] .

Let

and

be vector spaces. The mapping

is called a linear transformation if and only if the

following properties are satisfied for all


any scalar

[1 , ]

k R .

Author: Richard Earnhart

and

in

and for

5
i)

L ( u+ v )=L ( u ) + L ( v )

ii)

L ( ku )=kL ( u ) .
V =W ,

For cases where

The mapping

is called a linear operator.

defined in Example 1 is a linear operator on

R2 .

EXAMPLE 3:

The following are examples of linear transformations.


3

L: R R

i)

Projection :

ii)

Dilation :

iii)

3
3
Contraction: L: R R

iv)

Reflection:

L: R 3 R 3

L: R 2 R 2

L ( x , y , z )=(x , y ) .

defined by
defined by

L ( u )=ku

for

k >1.

defined by

L ( u )=ku

for

0< k <1.

defined by

L ( x , y )=( x , y ) .

EXAMPLE 4: Use Definition 3 to show that reflection mapping is a


linear transformation.

EXAMPLE 5:

Let

L: R 2 R 2

be defined by

([ ] ) [ ]

L: a 0 .
b
ab
Show that

EXAMPLE 6:

is a linear operator.

Let

L: R 3 R 2

be a linear transformation for which

we know that
L ( i )=L ( 1,0,0 )=(1, 4) ,

Author: Richard Earnhart

L ( j )=L ( 0,1,0 )=(1, 2)

and

7
L ( k )=L ( 0,0,1 )=( 2,3)
Find

L (5, 2,3 ) .

EXAMPLE 7: Let

L: P1 P2

be a function defined by

L ( p ) =tp+1
where

p= p ( t ) P1

. Show that

Author: Richard Earnhart

is not a linear transformation.

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