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Matrix Representation of Angular Momentum

1) The document discusses the matrix representation of angular momentum operators. 2) It shows that the matrix of the angular momentum operator L has dimensions of (2l+1)x(2l+1) for angular momentum quantum number l. 3) Explicit matrix representations are derived for Lz, Lx, and Ly when l=1, yielding 3x3 matrices with diagonal elements equal to the eigenvalues of the respective operators.

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Mahdi Zaman
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1K views7 pages

Matrix Representation of Angular Momentum

1) The document discusses the matrix representation of angular momentum operators. 2) It shows that the matrix of the angular momentum operator L has dimensions of (2l+1)x(2l+1) for angular momentum quantum number l. 3) Explicit matrix representations are derived for Lz, Lx, and Ly when l=1, yielding 3x3 matrices with diagonal elements equal to the eigenvalues of the respective operators.

Uploaded by

Mahdi Zaman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Matrix representation of

Angular momentum
     

Aik = A k d
*
i

: angular momentum  

'  A = a !

Al 'm ',lm = Yl*'m ' AYlm d


And for particular value of
, because l m l

which

l = l'

thus

m and m' has the

2.l + 1 value

So the matrix of the angular momentum has the dimension ( 2l + 1).( 2l + 1)


, this is called squar matrix


2
( 1 ) - Matrix representation of L at l = 1
L
= Y
L Y
d
2
mm

'

*
l 'm '

lm

= h2l(l +1)Yl*'m' L2Ylmd

= h 2 l (l + 1) mm'
Where
..........m m '
mm' = {10..........
.m = m '

For l = 1 the matrix has dimension of 33 , and we can write it as the


following :
L

2
m ,m '

2h 2

= 0
0

Rashwan Mahmoud Ibrahim

0
2h
0

0
2h 2

, E-mail / Esam_
Esam_s1s2@yahoo.
yahoo.com

Egypt +20128683403

It is a diagonal matrix where the diagonal elements equal to the eigen


value of L2

( 2 ) - Matrix representation of L z at

l =1

By the same way , we can write,

Lz mm' = mh' mm'


So the matrix can be written as
h' 0 0
L z = 0 0 0
0 0 -h'

The diagonal elements equal to the eigen value of L z

Ly l =1
L
x
(3)-Matrix representation of
and
at
lader operator   - 
. /
1
( L+ + L )
2
1
Ly =
(L + L )
2i

L+ = L x + iL y

Lx =

L+ = L x iL y

L*+ = L

 0 2

: /  7  /: L L +   3 45

L + Yl , m = c + Yl , m +1

L Yl , m = c Yl , m 1
And for particular value of of

which l = l '

L + mm ' = Yl*'m ' L+Ylm d

= Yl*'m ' c + Ylm d


= c+

Y l *' m ' Y lm + 1 d

L + mm' = c+ m', m +1

(1)

Where
Rashwan Mahmoud Ibrahim

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Esam_s1s2@yahoo.
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Egypt +20128683403

............m ' m +1
m ', m +1 = {10..........
..m ' = m +1

By the same treatment we can deduce that :

L mm ' = c m ',m 1

(2)

Where
............m ' m 1
m', m 1 = {10..........
..m ' = m 1

: 

(L

c+

   L L +


Y l ,m ) * L + Y l ,m d =

(c

Y l , m +1 ) * c + Y l , m d

= c +2 Yl *'m ' Ylm +1 d


= c +2
Then
c +2 = ( L + Yl , m ) * L + Yl , m d = Yl*,m L*+ L Yl , m d

= L L + Yl *,m Yl , m d

Then

c +2 = L L + = ( L x iL y ).( L x + iL y )

= ( L2x + L2x ) + iL x .L y iL x .L y

= L2 L2z + i.[ L x , L y ]
= h 2 l (l + 1) h' 2 m 2 h' 2 m

= h' 2 [l (l + 1) m 2 m]
So that

c + = h' (l m)(l + m + 1)
Rashwan Mahmoud Ibrahim

, E-mail / Esam_
Esam_s1s2@yahoo.
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Egypt +20128683403

And by the same treatment we can easy to deduce that

c = h' (l + m)(l m + 1)

+    ( 2) ( 1)  / 27;


L + m, m ' = h' (l m)(l + m + 1) . m ', m +1
5

L m, m ' = h' (l + m)(l m + 1) . m ', m 1


: 

L L+

 :  :@?   

0 h ' 2

L+ = 0
0

0
0

L = h ' 2

h' 2

0
0

h' 2

: A  
C - ;

Lx =
0 h ' 2
1
0
Lx = 0
2
0
0

0
1
Lx = h ' 2
2
0

1
( L+ + L )
2

0 0

h ' 2 +h ' 2

0 0

h' 2
0

h' 2

0
0
h' 2

h ' 2

A  
C - 5
Ly =
Rashwan Mahmoud Ibrahim

1
(L + L )
2i

, E-mail / Esam_
Esam_s1s2@yahoo.
yahoo.com

Egypt +20128683403

0 h ' 2
1
Ly = 0
0
2i
0
0

0
1
L y = h ' 2
2i
0

0 0

h ' 2 h ' 2

0 0

h' 2
0
h ' 2

0
0
h' 2

h' 2

Derivation of Pauli matrices


s=

1
2

l=

1
2

For spin angular momentum


, put
then the projection are
2
1 1
m s = ,
x
y
2 2 because s m s s , so that the matrices
of the dimension 22

s , s , s , sz

2
s
(1)matrix :

3 2

h
'
0
4

2
2
(s )m,m ' = s (s +1)h ' m,m ' =

0 3 h '2

( 2 ) - s z matrix :
h

0
2
Rashwan Mahmoud Ibrahim
, E
-mail /hEsam_
Esam
yahoo.com
1 _s10s2@ yahoo.
(s z ) m ,m ' = mh ' m .m ' = Egypt +20128683403
=

h
0 2 0 1

(3)-

sx , s y

matrices :
1
s x = (s+ + s )
2

s + m,m ' = h' ( s m)( s + m + 1) . m ',m+1

sy =

1
(s+ s )
2i

s m,m ' = h' ( s + m)( s m + 1) . m ',m1


Then

0
s + m .m ' =
0
0
s m .m ' =
h '
sx =

h '
0
= h '
0
0
0
0
= h '
0
1

0
0

1
1 0 0 0 0 h ' 0 1
(s + + s ) = h '
+
=

2
2 0 0 1 0 2 1 0

1
1 0 1 0 0 h ' 0
sy =
(s + s ) =

=
2i
2i 0 0 1 0 2 i
We can write the spin matrices in the term of Pauli matrices :
Rashwan Mahmoud Ibrahim

, E-mail / Esam_
Esam_s1s2@yahoo.
yahoo.com

Egypt +20128683403

s=

/  DE /. A:  /:  @? 

1 0
0 1
0
z =
, x =
, z =
0

1
1
0

Rashwan Mahmoud Ibrahim

, E-mail / Esam_
Esam_s1s2@yahoo.
yahoo.com

Egypt +20128683403

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