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Chapter 3 Shape Functions

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185 views

Chapter 3 Shape Functions

nmjhkl;'/

Uploaded by

ReemALMousawi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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aw OC \terpalation Ranctions for gener eek form Gobi ov TT Sappse tral we have ave fanchion x), and we leno tae veh ff Flr) of Some points Wy tly Wewal xTa;b] pond Wwe lant to apprsimate tes Poel by Ynlx) hick 4 cartied polynomiaf whey PHM on #4) Yalx) £G) je) | Fe) fs} |44) h Ynto~ 2, L4G) FCs) —0 J oy bc eo (cal: ~ (4 UN -ah rt) ~~ 4n) --45-as-a5e)—~ (9) Trt, (ape) Ge) WOH | a (5° a UG) = generic shage Panckon of Lagrange cand WA Chewacherishic. h + She \Wecre Uj lak) = $34 net Sjhes When Sak Sjkso When SFI were Os) = so That U3 (48) =! Ly Cae) =o —@ 2 Yla=t Wil Fe Wall enor Creme Iter polotion Ar ome, S specal Cone Shepe Buchon & Lacyrange tore] Hea) TE (Hl)- fej] | | *@2)- Fa) | : {= + fa) £6.) yx) i a po | Keay —— keqe _ S&)= Flay + &CKer)- £0) Osny Wrgrage \wherpolation Function X= ar X-ar x-€ 1 6K yk W(x) = balk) = ——— =e 21-3 i (x) = ba (x) ad = $ z 4% Gaar-a ale Keene’ MeG)=~ Gy) oe SoM = Xe ok 2 (x) = & CX) aes Zz ‘, —@ JaQy= MiG) Kar) + MG) Ar) = (1%) Flo) 4 Als) = Fla) & (He) At)J Chewakevire <€ shape function es aa MA) = + ed ysqzo—» M(x)=] af Xxee 20» Miltn0 Nak) = Soe xcqxo —e Wm of KaaraP—m Walk) a4 nee & Neh) at MO) 4 a2) =t & at Mode 1 May=t 7 Nrlx)=0 Ay (Keay) 4 2 (K=A) ZL +e = 1 at node & lino MeGK)=) N(x =42) Wi (x=mjaorlhat ab omy pont wir in clemet Kaa ah omy pe Mk) = oe 7 Ne) => Ma) eaeye I B+ % m4 x x W2Q)=h sare ¢ a Mili)=\ th) = 4 ae fee Ty Finite elemet, We alwags Woe rateval? Gorelinase Cenwitivery Corrdinede) g hnet. Mas feyourye value. from (-) atiedet — amd (rl) at bode ©) whiet Lingh fir thr numeric? tn beg ration f faim fe) 4, z 7576 The bromsfymation coortinete from x-axis fo tha neoturel exis ww pruen by Hs Aloriny reOKon z r 5-4 = 165 Ge = dx-£de —& at Xeajso ——s G=-1 ak x2 = —» G=4) TRE pls shape Punchon in natival aeor dine fe mia Sb = -L(s-1)= 40-5) —@ b()=z SH LT _—(e Ne(3) 24) + (+5) ) 92(6) = NG) Fler) + eS) Aaa) —G EL Referring to fq stom veld A) Gualote s,m Wr at point P- B) IP Kim e-003mm, ond qy=—2c0Fmmn, deferming Yoo Ore 4 P L _ Xam Cr lemme Xr= B6mby Ao ewer ____y AE TK As placemat gat post p. ) Bakebe thr strain 4-4 ot taf poirk. SA. 6) Onny tHe Yea Bion %-% =) HLA coovduale fF PY sven by a 2x0 eo Obm € 16 Now mMG)= &C-4) = Simeon n2G)=4 (lees (I-05) = eas (3) 8) Th. displacmed g af p up= mb) fit Mel) he = 295«(0 vot 0-25 E0005) = 0.001 Mn ) 42} = MG) HME) A 4G) = £0-4) $425) fe Al) Lg, +4422 £4’) t= 4 = 7 48 tl) = _ = £68) 3 SQ)= te = Rach as we see the streus Ay Constant at tha Bement and Ws avelke fa fr-hs 4-1 ss al fr n=3 PA ee X=a X=aQ X= worm) Foes 2 | € do = 245 — ax-E dg $-o($-1) _ | 1 (5) Gb) SHED = 465-1 Ar) = 46- SAS as 4 80GH) — hag 2 Ge CU =") Gage = (50-9) 0-8) (B= 1G) Ha) 4M) er) +35) Fes) ae Ag check EZngi—= or 0142 SH OG =T UG )oM fit ehrs hs 20.1954 (23) + Color leorF) + 2-41 (10) = 702514 due tet i dau + 3 4, 33 ap Py f Be -1) 4 ae 4 (i+?§) / ee =-2 i t iL Cig dP tr- 2543] &) IK 7 (5-1) (1128, CBs + CD 4, Sa at X=22inm—» %= -0-3 ye oe 2 2 (x=23)= Sef Sette eat (reo) sCo-009)- =~ 0.00074 ~ 0. ool Eo. ooold oG = 1.00226 Ay we see Pla stron within Cameb A, verrble _ depend an ta, poston fo th poi pecans We wet [nterpblahion Fonction $ Wah ovder- cA pidd 5. 203-8) = = 08 Bless) = I~ [se oe age? Cas) 4A? (.202)] 2 (K233) 0 + 00006, — 0.00056 — = 20094 m5) Tt a g=0 Kaa, ve Gn 20s _ §=-1 San | KEM Xp Me Ke 3X9 s/ )- dx 2 dm xy Beta Mae 3 f+ Lm hae a5 ag 7 + & Solve the previo example, Unny two Umea eloment Hy=90eS a oso @ Goe-0207 1 2 3 Keto Xy=3om, Hg =F hy demet 4 2 w1(1-§ a mil) = == = 4 (1-8) ree (&=2?) w1=30 nr5)= S41 24 (145) X\=o melo +H z us) = mG) Ir + NES) Re $= He =i 104 mils )= 4 Colt) = 0.3 mls) = 4 (U4) 209 wy Nes aTe OF aT? = 0.0023 mn Ups 23x 0203 + o Fe e002 = 00073 eGmeot & laccment af ole 2% Ff Tor kis plac ye . Ug = oe od t 1K eoer= 2-09 sup dup dh ax 4 ax pelD lead day ay Sw hemet Z@ R=e0r 6 Gann oop aoe oe Ud ts ptg)= 40-4) : een ee) z might) 5-2 a -2e3 a4, MG) =0F , M2(5)= 23 fo = - 2000.7 Ue OPK 0.002 + 0. ju(-2 297) dy de He (te ah © fay, -2:098 22%, 00 [3+ bag - Set a Tee cles placmet “af Made 4 Ff Batt Ra l% econ tox (-2259) = 4 (her polafion ala displea Hinotes phony ty emety eo Linear eBemet only ple his plac wot besos pan inerts bt As cay poin He Rb end AS Gutindd| betveen fe elemeL. One fo [oa poiteonk condi di au} for the futerpflfon fouckion ra they Vowteable fF a ié=éié--=ée+_—2(+=C,_— howe Ti Sispkcanet Commons aory th Ha eGemeSs , ibs derivedive Corina, ov disconinse, hepend on Aeopee of thy rdev Ube ut => 4% aD MOH 44 Cisea ot Xa 9 “lle Ur OP POR ae Mas Ut yd =D a= “KM 5 Oo) 4X) = aye CS) Lay y Ue y— Ye 46W=(1-S) y+ Sur 1) MW) = IS et Kav Mk)e! ak x=t 9 M(X)=e Ne(K)= 5 of Keo —erelt) =e at Ka 0 MeQ=1 fir comet af thre wede 1 9——oF—03 aC rrCs — (s6 pes ok Xap —S KL =A. =—B =H Hk ee q=(Yetis Cf ) —Cisd a oO in © ’ . _ La ue- UW = 4 (43- a =O) 4 oan = £43-44- FE a+ ae @ e ot xo — ue +€ar Gas Ga = See be, im ur -4M- “hg = “Sa ove = & (Ewe dss- ul @e Ib "2 abKel 9 Ugato+ $4, 40% > ug- 4 = Carter ee | CA 4849-427 EIR Ele i Us € = WW _ ay 2y gue —LULmr—~—s—s—O q = -S 243 4p yu . 1 2 e+ ist alk) = Aoe UX FOLK 2 wax ux y Hex , 4 Ty 444g) * =4- yk aay + ea B,C ae = Y- HX ie = = 7 ai \ @ as + ale nen ao £ ' Cc = G | eS THs nr Hla same reall, if yim voe fla watered coordinale ou .devivid bere by subhbdiy Mig) =4 95-1) 4-4-4 W25) = 1-55 ni) = £5949) —.LDUrUr™r—t~—~—~—~—C—C—C—C—C—C—C—C—C—C_C ok some points. TT general Porras of polynomial wher pletion fake Hu form, Ynlx) = & a He) £63) — Uylere ce ae Hr orden af Hy obrivahon mr, thy Lege grade omnd Hej (x) a shape Panetion When xe Ghats Wel Foy Jad ,—-- hn oma enowinsy $y Yoboes f Fk) of WwW wodal poids amd thar Rrop devivelive - TH Hermit icterpilata polynomie A, Woe Yaae ZH) Hj) +2 HO) £—j) —G J J Hylak)~ S5k Celelta F kroneler) jjket)-—~h SSk=1 5 sek Sjk=o —» jek TEL permite polymmil gpa esr aa Wy) = C1 20x. 23) Glas) I. G P01 T=\y-—-h x= (-45) CC) _@& A _ + Neti) = Hel) = (i- 2(x-4¢) Lb, lae) J é 4) m=) [1-25-84 GI 6) = Li- 25-CN) EL)I 40-5) a fis JEOD LEO = bess yinrpap)= Ee EIT) 53 oh 6)=£ (2-38 4387) A te ie F. vavinble Mm lj-WeG)=[1- 205-8) 48 52) J &G) . = 27-2G-1) £34 Csye L£2-lusy* = planes pe £ C2eaf eng 547) Melt= (2735-37) toy He yale f ronal N33) =HeG=C§-Se) LEG) ms(3= (8-CYCEOG))= Ge > = EON arf) = EOE PY wis= ROS-TED fog uk tee nls) = Felg)=G-)(£O+)) = $ (5-0 049) = E6720 (4) = £ (FFf4-9) pl) BOTA PLD fe Boma Ae slopera. slopece nig) mils) 5 oy | we The beam eemet hor 4 olayvess of Freedom, to dey Ff Feedom in each node (qlee vawinble af cis plaarmcnt ancl ple votation F yep fast lem vatie >). We ca, woe He Iyeck yelled fo alerive the shape Poretions fr a eld obisphcment whieh cam ln reprsewted ly Obie poly natniad Wack hay four wnluowh constant aerate, ) VK) Sas axa xteazg x? —ED Wlneh dy ultiinatelly fo be expresied in tens Ff ncterpse Bn Rarcheys and Woda vowiable 4 a VO) = NM NIG, +3 Un + WA =C te Me MF EB @, Rewwitrinyy ca rohon Gs), 0 tee Medviy product uy a> yv@= Cl x © Bada ( —@ AL a5 The hodal) cudstions Wxel) = Ve dv “Talyne 7&2 ewe ecpplicl to oblaiy au %3 a equedion owe Comlshed inh thy eqtivatnt mebix forra - yy 1o oD 4 Qi o=lo \ oo ay —& Ua (ee ar — | 2@ 3@*J hag RA syste represented! by equedion @ - HLA polyhomial CoeFAce$s by Inverhng Hes Ge Pcie tm to ob} Gaze 4 2 wI}ij—@ Can be solved f. 1 ° bie y %o \ | lo | ° B34 ee ee ay "tS Gite % a Se ee er gs €e TH Wer pilefion FSunchaws Can te sbtoaned selytrtecdiny fle oe tens a G4) inte 4) us TZ» «6 2 = a ° > 7 VQ) = TI & KE X37 [ey Ye | (afm We Ny may Ke \ Fe? Yer -Yes Nee S ' 032 —&) : @ TE wher phlehon Rnchons are to oO CH, me My My ali K ¥ Plo \ vo o —&) We Ye Ye Vg el | 2 et le Ton above shape Panchen awe ta same shape Foxchions Lich ewe devived by Hermit eg. (2)/@2), (23) mde] faking accunt thal 5 = 24-1 co for geometne isotropy dimensional (Eine) eGnret A HA Feld voriclle shape fanctions FEL previony discussion “f ont- veucaled thet for dived wherpiledion Vast confer te same Wauiser of terns as The Wwnberr TF Modal depres Ff Freedom sf an element. ape ply nowie! rregreserfotion for on M- clearer £ freedopy eBamet Should Conforn «Ll powers -F thy \nde pen det Vowialle Up to ond \nebodiny H+. AwAalwsur wary FA Showing He Latter veqtivelwet a Het te pyri? Ar emplete. In #00 amd flee dimenn'on plhynomial vepresetoction xf plm Field vewiable , in general, Sansty fe compatibility (continuity) pequremeds /f phe pobynoiilef, exbibrds th. property kuowh a, geometric sotopy A mathematic? famction setis fier geememe iefnpy if Ax Fanchon form — doesyst change under a trans leficn or yGafio 4 aor dihoSes. Tn tuo dimenyions, a arpkte plyrominl fo order M com be expressed a ne Paley = Eat rye Cie —67) Where WE) = Cron Ye 1 phe tol number Fonus| Acomplele plywmief a, expressed by of CY satusty fie cadihen Ff geamebvic Leotrpy, pace fla ter Vonable x and Y, we melded in each tevin ih Fimsle powers. Therefore, a transl fon or votehion 4 Corrdinater xy nh prejadcal) fo either independeF Vamible. Agraptucal metood otyictiny frvon cbimensioned poly nomial) jy fla se- Called Pascal triangle sown beOo9 ' \Xx Ye Cineonr Ve Swe ye Guodrofic C_N& kL. —— Gabic XY By NOY Vk OW age Fac horrewal line rep regents cx poly norm af) A order M. Acanplte phynmwmiel <£ oder M imag} Grtain a tem Shown abot Hu boritantl lve. fz erample ex Complete quadvakic Polynomial 1p five cbiluch 01 Wig t Grtaih SK ferme Hen for wr in Aumle elomet vepreoentation a) 4a field variable , a amplete Jur draAc expression | Vequves six tod dlagyees of freeclom jn tle cae {y adentio, to complete poly namie, in ounplete PrlysviniD ales exlibib geometnc isetopy if Pr incomplete pala nom a! As Symmebie. Ln pe, Context, Sghnaetry pplies Aral | pla independeuf vowiable eppear on” equel) omd | o pporte pears” Crsiming frat each ndependeut vowiable Plays om equed Vole ip fly poly notnriel for example pla | foor tevin complete guadrodic poly nomiel) xs PCK 9) = Boe MAK FAY OQ KE —@& A Wet Symmetric, ar free ry a Guadrefic fork ih X buh PLY errespinch'vw qeadrdic term an y does nip Ape. On strar homd, Hla meomplete quadraBie ply noiaia? PU yg) = Ao pax +Heey4asxy ; A syrmebri¢ joy flo quadiahe sve equnl “weight te bel vowicble- As iu Be fo dimenvnel) care, fo satisfy te geomet Uotrepy requvvemedt, Ax poly ae ee oe vavialle tn fax Pree datnetistoh Unusth be Com plefe or tretages ct syomefnc eo Skwwh in Fy beRu Be ay: Ger example » te B-D Quadratec polynomial PO Y)2) = Ho HA ERY 4O3F HWA MHOS YE GE Be 497 XY ar xe +4ag V2 —& A e@mplfe emd could be applic fy om chmet A jo degree of Pyeedom. Similowly » an incomplete , Syrimefry frm Such eo. PC Yj 2) = Ao A IX ARWY AZ EH AYE as ve ee S —6 PUY, 2) = A2 HAE HAY FAP AY AY HATER CIE __G corld be eel Ar e@mats having seven nal depress fi feecem- tangbow eLomets Fee her pelakon Panchos for Wieny War ements are formated im tus dimenrions ond a family Suk, eMemne $s exists. Fie). Velows depicts the fig Hwee omets ( Umear, quadveke ond cubic Jef Ha family « AMnadvahe cubic THA Fig: below cepeds a general, three-tode trintgnlte eBome$ 42 ticl we attach om eemed coordinate [system thotrs , for mow, assamed to be Hee same a) Fly Qlobel rys4em @ ¥9/93) -= 2 Kaya) t Zs 4 Gy) For plewe Lastiaty problem, te feld variabk 4 fla olisplacemet of omy point Which can be considering by He 4 omd UY wovementr sn pla X a J divections veypechively. Sine pice ewe six degrees f Rests in Hird cage (te Legrees A. frecdloun in each mode 4 oud v) a DULUr™—~—~r—~—~—C—C—C—C—C—C—C—CN ond V com be mtsumed @ Linear fanchion in te polgmmind farm K= H+ ALX FS agy 4 V= Oye asx +agy & Fl. chisplaamet continuity a7 ensowed others the interface belwvees adjsning eBmets for any node kis placement - 70a eg G3) eam be LviHen in imaLrix forts 1 ey 6 ee. 1 4 feeaoh f°] > : o °° ° t x y J _ jr main MsteGon . 2 2) {8GyN} = CT Ploy) fA} ar f we substitute Pr vaboes phe Mp cuvvdiuede in eq Gy we gf of oder a ep lw YY @ eo ae Gove {Sa} [! pa nd 2 6+) as oF node 2 4G XY. 45 JF 2 2 © 2 » a 183 CC e 2 fF me wd 4s — ay af Wwde 3 ap ee eG at {4-(' | » — ot wy ulfsh —O9 as 4 Combining Ua dsplacemet vectors for fl clemet Ve ee 7 ig \ sed = §6j z[> © 6» t XY ee MG TEs yee gb BPs) —@ o F FV KY 484 (26 ee at 0 eo \ x3 93 ae Which may be Written a4 eeCel fay —S 14 shoold be nied prot oA Ply fermy in mornin c awe kwh Sine they Simply enssh to corvdinabes “F fla elunet nodo- Foe unkwon polynomial cefficet {A} ewe mu Ldermintd from equehon ay by laver hing Pla Winbrix coe Phiients hE (2) far—leT fe} —) -) iC. inverge Cel m given = (99 X39) Oh yy — Yay) +(H1Y9~X241) = 2X owen of triangle, eGemet Then PSS trevemed Af emy pork Uihiy A Aves Berek com we yelled th Ueda? movemed by sesh 4. GE) in G4) {Scuy)h = CFI Te I f S% WW o KNsthh + WHY g : { 4 ‘ef Fy ee Ves WI 0 WH > eH of dal ¥ Cee TX Be ee 0 em of atu 2 HHH o -Kienh o Me TY 2 Yeo HO MN 2 ¥B-h 0 ety 9 0-8 wel [ am 9) x Me) 9 lira) + (Cs yu en-W ce (nee Jao Conse) + tae + len) V3 45] @ + CO ye~ 3) + (91-92) x4 (enya) —— | -) HUI-K392 0 =HYZHHDY, =o yyy Cc) = A Ye-93 > y3-J1 2 W¥e > rT XBoXe ° AIHX3 2 xa, > Q R2B-MY, Key oxy ty : a : 3-4 YeYe XP Ke ° Xpaxs : re Where iy, ees vali Ve — 6 V3 Ya : | al (x2 13-90 Yee x(n2-I5) oy (rm) Ju [eas -a0¥9) + G2 20xlei-4)y Ma ewe i Where - mlny) = sho Gers sve) + (92-99) x4 (ize) 9 J N3 (x19) = 5 C (niye-%05) (4 -)x-+ (ae- x) J jus M (yy) 4 2% yg) ir M3 (ay) 42 }¥= MK) + Na (AY) Vi a W3( ANY) V3 in Molin Row q — (6a) \ ° My ° No - nN Ur M3 Vg Ny ° Nw ° N38 w: > MM > We ie If we Submbe TA Value 2m) = EL) | Be teendnd | eS Vk Yu Af. Fay shard (kp?) | \ x3 V3 oo 7 shape funchion bewmes | ae MeO) = (yx-%GYJ Ax(xjy) = a (x19) = AE (x93 -YBx 4 (x9-eJ y J co —\seé owe MH TTY . a Ne 8 My 8 | YM ff 3 & milky) = 2 (Cx91—093)4 (55-9) x ro gy) [BO (3) Aver Coordin des When expesicel in Carlerian cordinades, tle her pil fr triang lev eLemet owt a1 Inebrevica lly Complex. Footermos HLA Wheayadins vequved fo obbnin ened clewadterisfic mobrnces ave cumbersome. Connidrable simplification 4 Hy tuter palation Rurchons as Weljory flu swbsequediy veges’ Whegration 41 obbun via HL Ue of owen, cottdinnte- Bq: bead slods a Avee- wode dying Owe ebmert divided wwke ever, svcas defied boy Ky Wedley and an aurbitary Watevion Poin P(x,9) Alte Pe nf anode. Te oar Corvdrmakes of P one dePned a ection fret s ~ AL aa Lz- AB -— Ge) li= A l= +r B) a 3 Where A ite SAD cen aie trioma ve : Cleawly , Fe ewen Com ®Rnotes owe wd} Mdepende® ufc Vas Lishtls=1 —_6 2 mm portadt propevhig ewe of owen Coat dina fey for TR imp Pp : Tae application to priang lor Cement Ore omy ® ed Gue Poweltee fo tle omy de for example defined by, roles 2 amd 3 have Hr same ao 7% Slee Kan chon Ly uy e PX. : 4 4 u? fl. owen coordinate repreaeds Por slope Aunchin Se F omg pret PCE OG) ~ When we owe evabaaled Fla owen Covdinafles wb fle bodes :- Node 7: Li=t l= G=e Node 2: desl ager ease Mede 3: L3=) aud ot emy pont P we bewe b+ktla= te Se thal we cay, expres Hu Ae Vewiable D within element wth fle rodall obisplacinets w= M Ut NEU + NZ43 4 — & VS MY NU + AN3 U3 Where Mi=l, 7» Matt cand Ng 2 lo ly ale Tn ovder fo tofablsh Pe formeLls ef Shape foam tions F form Nay in priang ew Coordinates 64 Crand tL; for node kK pGomd ¥ fr omy orden wher pou, Nn Me given _ : Naor (4,4, 4)=Nala) ng(tr)- wa) — 6D x 2 where six (4)= 7 (nied! | fo ot cl Ga Nalt4)=1 fr Kae g : neC&) = Te sacs) fr Bat 7 —Ge Neat Ae Pee . 23 - C+. oy nrl&) = rf (282) Se Ny(ls)or fer SP lore Liner Inter pAladon fox KEV gy l 5) 4.444 L nly— -ly-44) = Ns(ua)= T (20-61) - oa + Me (rx) =Aa(ts)= 4° sbouresievier 1G : 4-145 Tr (« (eo 4) ) 76-1 06. Nz (ta) = rey 4 é Ne (@)) =™, (= 4 srvase py a0) L6-4 1g ny- eH ns (4) = “ey é ' Ale (Li) = Noléz) =4 ® shape fauncton eee Nez Noto sl. Gale 4 i N3 = Nool =. I. ee tele for Friang War clemek of enwilimear off sik ode Wick 4 to be Fitted with cawe boundemn G ‘+ hari, eo, 2% soniye se | MS)=\ AGERINES ak Nal! ) eye nee a . ) egy deo ber eel nal) =s / NOL) = tee AE( = 2) i B28, Ue? pale, ¢ (ue) Sede G04) wacls)=1 ? wlOs)2* for dear ov xd oy Ver Ra : Na lt) 2204) = TE, (nase). aly , 2-24! | n2(t) = Li (2¢)-1) 7 = a Nally) = Ne (&) = be (2-1) The same for Nle)= Mab) = G1) fr onl or BA oy THI Gr) Nah) = Ni(L.) = ™ ee) =20, — (@3-¥) | NBG) = MICE) = 2 NIGB)= (03) = 22 fr = 0, bx, Yo) Wx (2) = Mo (4)=l NO(&)= Ne (d=! Ny (x)= No) =] NM, = N200= N2(h) Nob) Niles = Li(2G-atel = Uy (04 1 Ne=Nozo = No(A) No(Q)nel)= | 2G (rG-n) = 224-1) hig = M002 = NAB)AL(Ca) nr (A) =1x1 « BCE) Ex(e-1) Ay = Myo = NM AAG) = 24 24;.1 = 464, Ns-= Noy = Noll) (A )aills)= \- 24.2bj= 464 Me= Mot = C6) nol) 4B) = 2.1. 269 <4 o& Terraledra efemat f 4 nodes \ | GG. ) In iy cane we howe for Cordineles “1 G/& and by TK shape fonction derivation of flrs edit camet lar Hy Same pid Ft pring Cer Clee, au addition coordinote C4 (olor) 4 x4 Yq Vy oe except Wel We © eypnlgns ae 4 yA a Wen G, = 2 3 : Oeea _ NB eee) CS) M92 Os oe -E De EL Nn Ss Vy Gs vet a \ x3 93 - Va Weyrs+vg ——(6)- (6) | 7 shape function cam be formntrted ving: NAGS = Nx (4 )MELllz) Nyl) Ne (la) igs fr aie Gal, Ya ond Sa] Nxlei) =m) = Thay (nize j= tot 24, NBle) =A) = Co * Y Wr) =N (4) = — @+) wy (ly) = iC) = & fr hao) Boo Vor aud S20 Wn(&) 2 No @)a1 ty (21) =Ho(&a)=1 ee Ny(Q)= No (€s)=I ns(&a) = Nol Ae hgz Noolo = MeCh,)-Nol4) Mlb) No(fayat 1 43 polh)- Nee) wel, Cae tt! Len hx tbh qe. shape Lonckions fr tetra hedra -f Cxralineow F Jo nodes Which a fitted with Cows Loundony, (0 00/2) te (0/4) (0,422) 3 & 1 L— ea 6 (eh¥9) (2)20/2) = z ly = Noosl= (0,200) To. shape fouchons owe N= Nios = il) lolx iro €) ne £4) = 41 ise | p< No oo ~ Noll) Nile) Moll) Mol4A)= | eit-& [@ <4 for ae Rar, Yat, S22 ey = 7 T t Nx (&) 2 N2(Q)= TE) (tes A) = ect). wn = MG-1 t Ne(4)=2(A)= 22-1) WalG)=02(G)= G(2G-1) — rs) ns (4a) = Nees) = €4( 2-1) pelea (= They (Miaka!) = Le = 2; Ne(A)-H (G)=2e Ni ZN te; Gar , Ye awd Se fer Kad, Nx(b)=Mol4) =) No(B) =NoCke)=4 Ord) wyW(@)= NCA)=! nes) =" Ga= : Loi shepe Kumetions are open ring He ae | Mxeys = AKA) Ne(G) wr) WsCl4) ju =Neroo = Natt) WeAywels) Melll)=1 AA&-).\) EGE) Mn Noots = WCE, wel) aelGets)= 1-1 & (2b). = Gee hssos enol) note netbyrecla)ar + Lae) = Lalehe-\) jac~Nijo0 = MA )ML) NAG Jno 206.2 be 4G Cele he 281 4h No Io = NolA)N(A)MKE we( 44 é, Ne ) oy ) 2h-t 24.1244 4eq ny= Nj=Nz 000 =) neler) Nols) No(ta) = 44-1) bie Ale 7 pope = Nib) HLL) MIG) HE) = "bool wi panaymia)-2h + + 3S Tiolol = No(G) MGA) Nia) =! 2d ades 4064 fale 2G. oe 4bilq ‘Ajo Noo, = Nob) w olla) Ail) Nilla)= Ga) Redoug Lar elements Rectangle cloments ave Convericul for ure in model year Qew eyeometries , Can be Wed Ih Conjunction with tremgWev eCewets, and fom He basis develo pine F generel quadtilaternd element. Te rimplist the Velowrg Wow Fomily «f Bemets 4 tee Rurhode rectanglj shor ja Aig veld. a a lL. 2G) 2 (x92) We number fle nodes Seq weutio hy in a CourrterDockivise MreRion, Ar there owe 4 odes ond ak, Woe has dun dagre =f Preedoin (WU end V olis flame) TA eld vowiable bere UW and Vo can ve prese fed! way & four~ tevin poly notaie- oo 3,43) U= Ar AK +t AWM + AY XY t & "i v= AS+ ACK 4aRY OF ° a 3 foot fe F-C P22 0 0S ley Apelging Hue tow node conditions emd waiting ay in meatwix Porn ver . 6 ly) T om OM KH 8 2 8 Ow ta) ]- Lay) bel) ® WR 8 ee WL S(d5/y5) 1x3 93 BY 2 to @ | ay ne Dye ee ie 4 (4149) ee ot Fw Hy Jae 9 8 9 8 ke Vg pe ey Ss tee [ISP ee eo Ny tH MM DL oe ts3-CeJ fay a Th. unkmun polynomial’ coefheicl JAF owe wow cldtermineld by mrev ny ~ a lave eqnodton - fab Tey (¢ — GO faleniteting equedbon 4) im eg G2) (sem}- [70% ° OS e)Ce ce} £64 { oo a eM ncter pllfion cam be oedned Tha forna fe equetion Cs) shat thet expres + Had tnterpa Rion Functions in term A. riled) Coordinafes Ar abgerncally omplex Far rectangle element, we wtroduce fle hormellized Cordihafes ( ah known 9 rekon of) sordinaes er sercndiphy coodinetes) and ? at geil © + (yl) Sy tents CG Wy € ? fen (-u-) 4 z (t-1) um) pe 05) LD € fee 3 jot mGja)= 416). lily) = £ COI) wis(§r2) = LAG) Lake) = & (ies(ren) win)= HG) ld= & ONG) 14(5,2) = 416). ata) = £C-5)(-0) —& n=u Neat =p NAN t9 + My =l-0 — @) PM Eight. Node brick elmet i eae ee fe ¢ 5=- a= 165) Lia) (4) ey =k) (en )O- bh) , mex ln GE ln)Li 4) =f (EQ) ola ¢ ng=laleyiele) Lid) = Fie! 9) z y= UG) 2 GE} (44) = £0-8)(H2)U-b) Ws- U6) 4%) ACh) = £0) (1+) Ae = La (6) WA) Ch) =+ (eS sig ws ee) Yet) Nga ONS): LKa). (FC) =401 -8)Cl4+2 Crh) Ln frmnbeting elemet chowsctenttic mot vilss, varios ceva, FHA wher pilafion Rurchiany Wilh veo ped te the globl Covdmetes ewe vequived. Th isoparametric ebiments, bth Clemet yeomeiry oma vanckion of the erp Qoy Fatretidey owe exPrecsed iW terns sf Wve? aordiuwtes £ thy pen edemet, So Some adaihoud morthemehicofam phic s ew (So Spec Faally ; WE Myf compre We ayy WE omd possibly Wwigher—order derivative. Since we tnterpdahen fanchion ove expressed in (ein, 4) cordinges, ry Fommally vite thee clenvedives oc Fey Horee- ditnension We = ded 3S DM de dae Dh dK SS dK BMY OK oY, ‘ dng, BNE 9S, ANE SM DWE > Gy y ms Fy MAB % oH pug _ Ne DS Dae Ey we Dl de (KDE OK ROPE de Fey two dimensio Foy_ thon dimenrios pe AS be We Sea Ve ak q —@ aL comdined ef amy Wher Wede Within eat can be Yelabed =f Woda coordine Fer duo Kmemnon, For AWvce- dwengion SIME xe x=, & 7 Ya z Ne. ye (© h t a) In order. p> ebjown 29. Fe) we tntot do dy folbund, i we know fl. relation befreen Me" and noth Coovdimake wes #(5,2/4) _ eB So we can compte fle pouol elavivetives ~f the field vanable requires phe partial oluvivedives f ac, her pdlabion famrefron oy We _ > #5») _ a5 __@& BOne = Oe Ge 7 2 > SA 3M Lats th a4 ag For pavec- dimennen Fir pores Smee éa1)--® —& cey-78 —@ 5a Tee Jalan Medtvik Fer fve— dimen ges We _ We bx 4 ME OY os xX BW | OY AS sy Sy we _ AWC de. Owe OS a, DR x WD YM we « w Qwe = MS OF > | bal-—4 we} \y, ay | | we | —@ Se SK D awe Ae he Sls i a yad ye ' —G Tr By Wheat T 27 TM Tocalrm mobyx ge cee TS danwahves F slrope Panchia © veaped fo the KBE Qardinete Ee Mee — dike eben cade Que Ra advove eapadion Wt A Tacolnan Mabrix be waa ke wi -\ IN/s~, wa -[U5} {awe te cata F y : wue/de eet, —B fe pet Awen sion welts a} 5 Ps a 2 ee Yee 1° Us v) foe —G a Luo the SPER GT the verse C24 : - To velo A cevdinate aft terior node with nog 7 Cooy limake Ar oy 4 X= 2 WE KE yo ye e uexe | —_G 1 ao Za” We. 2 ay n h ve SME eae Fe, Uk SME ce Gal “Se ce 1 348M 4 we dy¥_ snc Dye On Oe eee JG rs F Ke ye , M22 Bm 1 mS OY, lw MS I os X ) ” 2 - ou bt- he Pacer ae B Men, Ye, Pe et 5 | Dvr Ker thee dtm 4 f lime y £yN poang byes OST TH ee @- - dy PePy | Ca ae Ze Be" |P dxfd4, Oy, de/d'y For tes — Aerie _ n ve E OM Fy a 3 i dxp% W)ds fee : t= “| ob ay we si dx/dy d9]d_ 2 Een 2 vd Tf fe inverse -f He Tecdion mov Gu VE difermined ee above Grains can Ve Solved Be He ponte curivadivg] te (uber Polafion Rrmiens WAY Nespect be As x Youd & Condavede to ohh: Fev flere- dimension We yn OM, ae ey a ty) Tr Ts 24 jet, We =[35 auc | [te Fe Fs >» oN ty Tu Tm ¢ ~ au dwe %, ot 7 —_—G@ Fer two — chimtnsivh ee “ - (2 Fo He tld | mt =[a] my Ta 32 tet No OK @ : NC 09

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