PIC16F87XA

Data Sheet
28/40/44-Pin Enhanced Flash
Microcontrollers

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B

Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices:
• Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet.

• Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used in the
intended manner and under normal conditions.

• There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of these methods, to our
knowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in Microchip's Data
Sheets. Most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property.

• Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code.

• Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. Code protection does not
mean that we are guaranteeing the product as “unbreakable.”

Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of our
products. Attempts to break microchip’s code protection feature may be a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. If such acts
allow unauthorized access to your software or other copyrighted work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that Act.

Information contained in this publication regarding device Trademarks

applications and the like is intended through suggestion only The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, Accuron,
and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to dsPIC, KEELOQ, MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro, PICSTART,
ensure that your application meets with your specifications.
PRO MATE and PowerSmart are registered trademarks of
No representation or warranty is given and no liability is
Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other
assumed by Microchip Technology Incorporated with respect
countries.
to the accuracy or use of such information, or infringement of
patents or other intellectual property rights arising from such AmpLab, FilterLab, microID, MXDEV, MXLAB, PICMASTER,
use or otherwise. Use of Microchip’s products as critical SEEVAL and The Embedded Control Solutions Company are
components in life support systems is not authorized except registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated
with express written approval by Microchip. No licenses are in the U.S.A.
conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any intellectual Application Maestro, dsPICDEM, dsPICDEM.net, ECAN,
property rights. ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, FlexROM, fuzzyLAB,
In-Circuit Serial Programming, ICSP, ICEPIC, microPort,
Migratable Memory, MPASM, MPLIB, MPLINK, MPSIM,
PICkit, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PowerCal, PowerInfo,
PowerMate, PowerTool, rfLAB, rfPIC, Select Mode,
SmartSensor, SmartShunt, SmartTel and Total Endurance are
trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the
U.S.A. and other countries.
Serialized Quick Turn Programming (SQTP) is a service mark
of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A.
All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their
respective companies.
© 2003, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the
U.S.A., All Rights Reserved.
Printed on recycled paper.

Microchip received QS-9000 quality system

certification for its worldwide headquarters,
design and wafer fabrication facilities in
Chandler and Tempe, Arizona in July 1999
and Mountain View, California in March 2002.
The Company’s quality system processes and
procedures are QS-9000 compliant for its
PICmicro® 8-bit MCUs, KEELOQ® code hopping
devices, Serial EEPROMs, microperipherals,
non-volatile memory and analog products. In
addition, Microchip’s quality system for the
design and manufacture of development
systems is ISO 9001 certified.

DS39582B-page ii  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
28/40/44-Pin Enhanced Flash Microcontrollers
Devices Included in this Data Sheet: Analog Features:
• PIC16F873A • PIC16F876A • 10-bit, up to 8-channel Analog-to-Digital
• PIC16F874A • PIC16F877A Converter (A/D)
• Brown-out Reset (BOR)
High-Performance RISC CPU: • Analog Comparator module with:
- Two analog comparators
• Only 35 single-word instructions to learn
- Programmable on-chip voltage reference
• All single-cycle instructions except for program (VREF) module
branches, which are two-cycle
- Programmable input multiplexing from device
• Operating speed: DC – 20 MHz clock input inputs and internal voltage reference
DC – 200 ns instruction cycle
- Comparator outputs are externally accessible
• Up to 8K x 14 words of Flash Program Memory,
Up to 368 x 8 bytes of Data Memory (RAM),
Special Microcontroller Features:
Up to 256 x 8 bytes of EEPROM Data Memory
• Pinout compatible to other 28-pin or 40/44-pin • 100,000 erase/write cycle Enhanced Flash
PIC16CXXX and PIC16FXXX microcontrollers program memory typical
• 1,000,000 erase/write cycle Data EEPROM
Peripheral Features: memory typical
• Data EEPROM Retention > 40 years
• Timer0: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit prescaler
• Self-reprogrammable under software control
• Timer1: 16-bit timer/counter with prescaler,
can be incremented during Sleep via external • In-Circuit Serial Programming™ (ICSP™)
crystal/clock via two pins
• Timer2: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit period • Single-supply 5V In-Circuit Serial Programming
register, prescaler and postscaler • Watchdog Timer (WDT) with its own on-chip RC
• Two Capture, Compare, PWM modules oscillator for reliable operation
- Capture is 16-bit, max. resolution is 12.5 ns • Programmable code protection
- Compare is 16-bit, max. resolution is 200 ns • Power saving Sleep mode
- PWM max. resolution is 10-bit • Selectable oscillator options
• Synchronous Serial Port (SSP) with SPI™ • In-Circuit Debug (ICD) via two pins
(Master mode) and I2C™ (Master/Slave)
• Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver CMOS Technology:
Transmitter (USART/SCI) with 9-bit address • Low-power, high-speed Flash/EEPROM
detection technology
• Parallel Slave Port (PSP) – 8 bits wide with • Fully static design
external RD, WR and CS controls (40/44-pin only)
• Wide operating voltage range (2.0V to 5.5V)
• Brown-out detection circuitry for
• Commercial and Industrial temperature ranges
Brown-out Reset (BOR)
• Low-power consumption

Program Memory Data MSSP

EEPROM 10-bit CCP Timers
Device # Single Word SRAM I/O USART Comparators
Bytes (Bytes) A/D (ch) (PWM) SPI Master 8/16-bit
Instructions (Bytes) 2
I C
PIC16F873A 7.2K 4096 192 128 22 5 2 Yes Yes Yes 2/1 2
PIC16F874A 7.2K 4096 192 128 33 8 2 Yes Yes Yes 2/1 2
PIC16F876A 14.3K 8192 368 256 22 5 2 Yes Yes Yes 2/1 2
PIC16F877A 14.3K 8192 368 256 33 8 2 Yes Yes Yes 2/1 2

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 1

PIC16F87XA
Pin Diagrams

28-Pin PDIP, SOIC, SSOP

MCLR/VPP 1 28 RB7/PGD
RA0/AN0 2 27 RB6/PGC
RA1/AN1 3 26 RB5

PIC16F873A/876A
RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF 4 25 RB4
RA3/AN3/VREF+ 5 24 RB3/PGM
RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT 6 23 RB2
RA5/AN4/SS/C2OUT 7 22 RB1
VSS 8 21 RB0/INT
OSC1/CLKI 9 20 VDD
OSC2/CLKO 10 19 VSS
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI 11 18 RC7/RX/DT
RC1/T1OSI/CCP2 12 17 RC6/TX/CK
RC2/CCP1 13 16 RC5/SDO
RC3/SCK/SCL 14 15 RC4/SDI/SDA

MCLR/VPP
RB7/PGD
RB6/PGC
RA1/AN1
RA0/AN0
28-Pin QFN

RB5
RB4
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF 1 21 RB3/PGM
RA3/AN3/VREF+ 2 20 RB2
RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT 3 19 RB1
PIC16F873A
RA5/AN4/SS/C2OUT 4 18 RB0/INT
VSS 5 PIC16F876A 17 VDD
OSC1/CLKI 6 16 VSS
OSC2/CLKO 7 10 15 RC7/RX/DT

12
13
14
11
8
9

RC4/SDI/SDA

RC6/TX/CK
RC2/CCP1
RC3/SCK/SCL

RC5/SDO
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI
RC1/T1OSI/CCP2
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI
RC1/T1OSI/CCP2

44-Pin QFN
RC3/SCK/SCL
RC4/SDI/SDA
RC6/TX/CK

RC2/CCP1
RD3/PSP3
RD2/PSP2
RD1/PSP1
RD0/PSP0
RC5/SDO
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34

RC7/RX/DT 1 33 OSC2/CLKO
RD4/PSP4 2 32 OSC1/CLKI
RD5/PSP5 3 31 VSS
RD6/PSP6 4 30 VSS
RD7/PSP7 5 29 VDD
VSS
PIC16F874A VDD
6 28
VDD 7 PIC16F877A 27 RE2/CS/AN7
VDD 8 26 RE1/WR/AN6
RB0/INT 9 25 RE0/RD/AN5
RB1 10 24 RA5/AN4/SS/C2OUT
RB2 11 23 RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT
22
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF
NC

RB6/PGC
RB7/PGD

RA3/AN3/VREF+
MCLR/VPP
RB3/PGM

RB4
RB5

RA0/AN0
RA1/AN1

DS39582B-page 2  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
Pin Diagrams (Continued)

40-Pin PDIP
MCLR/VPP 1 40 RB7/PGD
RA0/AN0 2 39 RB6/PGC
RA1/AN1 3 38 RB5
RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF 4 37 RB4
RA3/AN3/VREF+ 5 36 RB3/PGM
RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT 6 35 RB2

PIC16F874A/877A
RA5/AN4/SS/C2OUT 7 34 RB1
RE0/RD/AN5 8 33 RB0/INT
RE1/WR/AN6 9 32 VDD
RE2/CS/AN7 10 31 VSS
VDD 11 30 RD7/PSP7
VSS 12 29 RD6/PSP6
OSC1/CLKI 13 28 RD5/PSP5

RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF
OSC2/CLKO 14 27 RD4/PSP4
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI 15 26 RC7/RX/DT

RA3/AN3/VREF+
RC1/T1OSI/CCP2 16 25 RC6/TX/CK
RC2/CCP1 17 24 RC5/SDO

MCLR/VPP

RB7/PGD
RB6/PGC
RC3/SCK/SCL 18 23 RC4/SDI/SDA

RA1/AN1
RA0/AN0
RD0/PSP0 19 22 RD3/PSP3

RB5
RB4
RD1/PSP1 20 21 RD2/PSP2

NC

NC
44-Pin PLCC

6
5
4
3
2
1
44
43
42
41
40
RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT 39 RB3/PGM
7
RA5/AN4/SS/C2OUT 8 38 RB2
RE0/RD/AN5 9 37 RB1
RE1/WR/AN6 10 36 RB0/INT
RE2/CS/AN7 11 PIC16F874A 35 VDD
VDD 12 34 VSS
VSS 13
PIC16F877A 33 RD7/PSP7
OSC1/CLKI 14 32 RD6/PSP6
OSC2/CLKO 15 31 RD5/PSP5
RC0/T1OSO/T1CK1 16 30 RD4/PSP4
NC 17 9 RC7/RX/DT
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
282
RC1/T1OSI/CCP2
RC3/SCK/SCL
RC4/SDI/SDA
RC6/TX/CK

RC2/CCP1
RD3/PSP3
RD2/PSP2
RD1/PSP1
RD0/PSP0
RC5/SDO

RC1/T1OSI/CCP2
RC2/CCP1
RC3/SCK/SCL
RD0/PSP0
RD1/PSP1
RD2/PSP2
RD3/PSP3

RC5/SDO

NC
RC4/SDI/SDA

RC6/TX/CK
NC

44-Pin TQFP
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34

RC7/RX/DT 1 33 NC
RD4/PSP4 2 32 RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI
RD5/PSP5 3 31 OSC2/CLKO
RD6/PSP6 4 30 OSC1/CLKI
RD7/PSP7 5 PIC16F874A 29 VSS
VSS 6 28 VDD
VDD 7
PIC16F877A 27 RE2/CS/AN7
RB0/INT 8 26 RE1/WR/AN6
RB1 9 25 RE0/RD/AN5
RB2 10 24 RA5/AN4/SS/C2OUT
RB3/PGM 11 23 RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
RB4
RB5

RA0/AN0
RA1/AN1
RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF
NC
NC

RB6/PGC
RB7/PGD

RA3/AN3/VREF+
MCLR/VPP

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 3

PIC16F87XA
Table of Contents
1.0 Device Overview ......................................................................................................................................................................... 5
2.0 Memory Organization................................................................................................................................................................ 15
3.0 Data EEPROM and Flash Program Memory ............................................................................................................................ 33
4.0 I/O Ports.................................................................................................................................................................................... 41
5.0 Timer0 Module .......................................................................................................................................................................... 53
6.0 Timer1 Module .......................................................................................................................................................................... 57
7.0 Timer2 Module .......................................................................................................................................................................... 61
8.0 Capture/Compare/PWM Modules ............................................................................................................................................. 63
9.0 Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP) Module..................................................................................................................... 71
10.0 Addressable Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (USART) ............................................................ 111
11.0 Analog-to-Digital Converter (A/D) Module .............................................................................................................................. 127
12.0 Comparator Module ................................................................................................................................................................ 135
13.0 Comparator Voltage Reference Module ................................................................................................................................. 141
14.0 Special Features of the CPU .................................................................................................................................................. 143
15.0 Instruction Set Summary......................................................................................................................................................... 159
16.0 Development Support ............................................................................................................................................................. 167
17.0 Electrical Characteristics......................................................................................................................................................... 173
18.0 DC and AC Characteristics Graphs and Tables ..................................................................................................................... 197
19.0 Packaging Information ............................................................................................................................................................ 209
Appendix A: Revision History ............................................................................................................................................................ 219
Appendix B: Device Differences........................................................................................................................................................ 219
Appendix C: Conversion Considerations........................................................................................................................................... 220
Index ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 221
On-Line Support................................................................................................................................................................................ 229
Systems Information and Upgrade Hot Line ..................................................................................................................................... 229
Reader Response ............................................................................................................................................................................. 230
PIC16F87XA Product Identification System...................................................................................................................................... 231

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DS39582B-page 4  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
1.0 DEVICE OVERVIEW The available features are summarized in Table 1-1.
Block diagrams of the PIC16F873A/876A and
This document contains device specific information PIC16F874A/877A devices are provided in Figure 1-1
about the following devices: and Figure 1-2, respectively. The pinouts for these
• PIC16F873A device families are listed in Table 1-2 and Table 1-3.
• PIC16F874A Additional information may be found in the PICmicro®
• PIC16F876A Mid-Range Reference Manual (DS33023), which may
• PIC16F877A be obtained from your local Microchip Sales Represen-
tative or downloaded from the Microchip web site. The
PIC16F873A/876A devices are available only in 28-pin Reference Manual should be considered a complemen-
packages, while PIC16F874A/877A devices are avail- tary document to this data sheet and is highly recom-
able in 40-pin and 44-pin packages. All devices in the mended reading for a better understanding of the device
PIC16F87XA family share common architecture with architecture and operation of the peripheral modules.
the following differences:
• The PIC16F873A and PIC16F874A have one-half
of the total on-chip memory of the PIC16F876A
and PIC16F877A
• The 28-pin devices have three I/O ports, while the
40/44-pin devices have five
• The 28-pin devices have fourteen interrupts, while
the 40/44-pin devices have fifteen
• The 28-pin devices have five A/D input channels,
while the 40/44-pin devices have eight
• The Parallel Slave Port is implemented only on
the 40/44-pin devices

TABLE 1-1: PIC16F87XA DEVICE FEATURES

Key Features PIC16F873A PIC16F874A PIC16F876A PIC16F877A
Operating Frequency DC – 20 MHz DC – 20 MHz DC – 20 MHz DC – 20 MHz
Resets (and Delays) POR, BOR POR, BOR POR, BOR POR, BOR
(PWRT, OST) (PWRT, OST) (PWRT, OST) (PWRT, OST)
Flash Program Memory 4K 4K 8K 8K
(14-bit words)
Data Memory (bytes) 192 192 368 368
EEPROM Data Memory (bytes) 128 128 256 256
Interrupts 14 15 14 15
I/O Ports Ports A, B, C Ports A, B, C, D, E Ports A, B, C Ports A, B, C, D, E
Timers 3 3 3 3
Capture/Compare/PWM modules 2 2 2 2
Serial Communications MSSP, USART MSSP, USART MSSP, USART MSSP, USART
Parallel Communications — PSP — PSP
10-bit Analog-to-Digital Module 5 input channels 8 input channels 5 input channels 8 input channels
Analog Comparators 2 2 2 2
Instruction Set 35 Instructions 35 Instructions 35 Instructions 35 Instructions
Packages 28-pin PDIP 40-pin PDIP 28-pin PDIP 40-pin PDIP
28-pin SOIC 44-pin PLCC 28-pin SOIC 44-pin PLCC
28-pin SSOP 44-pin TQFP 28-pin SSOP 44-pin TQFP
28-pin QFN 44-pin QFN 28-pin QFN 44-pin QFN

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 5

PIC16F87XA
FIGURE 1-1: PIC16F873A/876A BLOCK DIAGRAM
13 Data Bus 8 PORTA
Program Counter
RA0/AN0
Flash RA1/AN1
Program RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF
Memory RAM RA3/AN3/VREF+
8 Level Stack File RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT
(13-bit) Registers RA5/AN4/SS/C2OUT
Program
14
Bus RAM Addr(1) 9
Addr MUX
Instruction reg
7 Indirect PORTB
Direct Addr
8 Addr RB0/INT
FSR reg RB1
RB2
RB3/PGM
Status reg
8 RB4
RB5
RB6/PGC
3 MUX RB7/PGD
Power-up
Timer
Instruction Oscillator
Decode & Start-up Timer
ALU
Control Power-on
Reset 8 PORTC
Timing Watchdog RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI
Generation Timer W reg
RC1/T1OSI/CCP2
OSC1/CLKI Brown-out RC2/CCP1
OSC2/CLKO Reset RC3/SCK/SCL
In-Circuit RC4/SDI/SDA
Debugger RC5/SDO
Low-Voltage RC6/TX/CK
Programming RC7/RX/DT

MCLR VDD, VSS

Timer0 Timer1 Timer2 10-bit A/D

Synchronous Voltage
Data EEPROM CCP1,2 USART Comparator Reference
Serial Port

Device Program Flash Data Memory Data EEPROM

PIC16F873A 4K words 192 Bytes 128 Bytes

PIC16F876A 8K words 368 Bytes 256 Bytes

Note 1: Higher order bits are from the Status register.

DS39582B-page 6  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
FIGURE 1-2: PIC16F874A/877A BLOCK DIAGRAM
13 Data Bus 8 PORTA
Program Counter
RA0/AN0
Flash RA1/AN1
Program RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF
Memory RAM RA3/AN3/VREF+
8 Level Stack
(13-bit) File RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT
Registers RA5/AN4/SS/C2OUT
Program 14
RAM Addr(1) PORTB
Bus 9
RB0/INT
Addr MUX RB1
Instruction reg
RB2
Direct Addr 7 Indirect
8 Addr RB3/PGM
RB4
FSR reg RB5
RB6/PGC
Status reg RB7/PGD
8
PORTC
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI
3 MUX RC1/T1OSI/CCP2
Power-up
Timer RC2/CCP1
RC3/SCK/SCL
Instruction Oscillator
Start-up Timer RC4/SDI/SDA
Decode & ALU
Control RC5/SDO
Power-on RC6/TX/CK
Reset 8
RC7/RX/DT
Timing Watchdog
Generation W reg
Timer PORTD
OSC1/CLKI Brown-out RD0/PSP0
OSC2/CLKO Reset RD1/PSP1
In-Circuit RD2/PSP2
Debugger RD3/PSP3
Low-Voltage RD4/PSP4
Programming RD5/PSP5
RD6/PSP6
RD7/PSP7

PORTE

MCLR VDD, VSS RE0/RD/AN5

RE1/WR/AN6
RE2/CS/AN7

Timer2 Parallel
Timer0 Timer1 10-bit A/D Slave Port

Synchronous Voltage
Data EEPROM CCP1,2 USART Comparator Reference
Serial Port

Device Program Flash Data Memory Data EEPROM

PIC16F874A 4K words 192 Bytes 128 Bytes

PIC16F877A 8K words 368 Bytes 256 Bytes

Note 1: Higher order bits are from the Status register.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 7

PIC16F87XA
TABLE 1-2: PIC16F873A/876A PINOUT DESCRIPTION
PDIP, SOIC, QFN I/O/P Buffer
Pin Name Description
SSOP Pin# Pin# Type Type

OSC1/CLKI 9 6 ST/CMOS(3) Oscillator crystal or external clock input.

OSC1 I Oscillator crystal input or external clock source input. ST
buffer when configured in RC mode; otherwise CMOS.
CLKI I External clock source input. Always associated with pin
function OSC1 (see OSC1/CLKI, OSC2/CLKO pins).
OSC2/CLKO 10 7 — Oscillator crystal or clock output.
OSC2 O Oscillator crystal output. Connects to crystal or resonator
in Crystal Oscillator mode.
CLKO O In RC mode, OSC2 pin outputs CLKO, which has 1/4 the
frequency of OSC1 and denotes the instruction cycle rate.
MCLR/VPP 1 26 ST Master Clear (input) or programming voltage (output).
MCLR I Master Clear (Reset) input. This pin is an active low Reset
to the device.
VPP P Programming voltage input.
PORTA is a bidirectional I/O port.
RA0/AN0 2 27 TTL
RA0 I/O Digital I/O.
AN0 I Analog input 0.
RA1/AN1 3 28 TTL
RA1 I/O Digital I/O.
AN1 I Analog input 1.
RA2/AN2/VREF-/ 4 1 TTL
CVREF I/O Digital I/O.
RA2 I Analog input 2.
AN2 I A/D reference voltage (Low) input.
VREF- O Comparator VREF output.
CVREF
RA3/AN3/VREF+ 5 2 TTL
RA3 I/O Digital I/O.
AN3 I Analog input 3.
VREF+ I A/D reference voltage (High) input.
RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT 6 3 ST
RA4 I/O Digital I/O – Open-drain when configured as output.
T0CKI I Timer0 external clock input.
C1OUT O Comparator 1 output.
RA5/AN4/SS/C2OUT 7 4 TTL
RA5 I/O Digital I/O.
AN4 I Analog input 4.
SS I SPI slave select input.
C2OUT O Comparator 2 output.
Legend: I = input O = output I/O = input/output P = power
— = Not used TTL = TTL input ST = Schmitt Trigger input
Note 1: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured as the external interrupt.
2: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when used in Serial Programming mode.
3: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured in RC Oscillator mode and a CMOS input otherwise.

DS39582B-page 8  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
TABLE 1-2: PIC16F873A/876A PINOUT DESCRIPTION (CONTINUED)
PDIP, SOIC, QFN I/O/P Buffer
Pin Name Description
SSOP Pin# Pin# Type Type
PORTB is a bidirectional I/O port. PORTB can be software
programmed for internal weak pull-ups on all inputs.
RB0/INT 21 18 TTL/ST(1)
RB0 I/O Digital I/O.
INT I External interrupt.
RB1 22 19 I/O TTL Digital I/O.
RB2 23 20 I/O TTL Digital I/O.
RB3/PGM 24 21 TTL
RB3 I/O Digital I/O.
PGM I Low-voltage (single-supply) ICSP programming enable pin.
RB4 25 22 I/O TTL Digital I/O.
RB5 26 23 I/O TTL Digital I/O.
RB6/PGC 27 24 TTL/ST(2)
RB6 I/O Digital I/O.
PGC I In-circuit debugger and ICSP programming clock.
RB7/PGD 28 25 TTL/ST(2)
RB7 I/O Digital I/O.
PGD I/O In-circuit debugger and ICSP programming data.
PORTC is a bidirectional I/O port.
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI 11 8 ST
RC0 I/O Digital I/O.
T1OSO O Timer1 oscillator output.
T1CKI I Timer1 external clock input.
RC1/T1OSI/CCP2 12 9 ST
RC1 I/O Digital I/O.
T1OSI I Timer1 oscillator input.
CCP2 I/O Capture2 input, Compare2 output, PWM2 output.
RC2/CCP1 13 10 ST
RC2 I/O Digital I/O.
CCP1 I/O Capture1 input, Compare1 output, PWM1 output.
RC3/SCK/SCL 14 11 ST
RC3 I/O Digital I/O.
SCK I/O Synchronous serial clock input/output for SPI mode.
SCL I/O Synchronous serial clock input/output for I2C mode.
RC4/SDI/SDA 15 12 ST
RC4 I/O Digital I/O.
SDI I SPI data in.
SDA I/O I2C data I/O.
RC5/SDO 16 13 ST
RC5 I/O Digital I/O.
SDO O SPI data out.
RC6/TX/CK 17 14 ST
RC6 I/O Digital I/O.
TX O USART asynchronous transmit.
CK I/O USART1 synchronous clock.
RC7/RX/DT 18 15 ST
RC7 I/O Digital I/O.
RX I USART asynchronous receive.
DT I/O USART synchronous data.
VSS 8, 19 5, 6 P — Ground reference for logic and I/O pins.
VDD 20 17 P — Positive supply for logic and I/O pins.
Legend: I = input O = output I/O = input/output P = power
— = Not used TTL = TTL input ST = Schmitt Trigger input
Note 1: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured as the external interrupt.
2: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when used in Serial Programming mode.
3: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured in RC Oscillator mode and a CMOS input otherwise.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 9

PIC16F87XA
TABLE 1-3: PIC16F874A/877A PINOUT DESCRIPTION
PDIP PLCC TQFP QFN I/O/P Buffer
Pin Name Description
Pin# Pin# Pin# Pin# Type Type
OSC1/CLKI 13 14 30 32 ST/CMOS(4) Oscillator crystal or external clock input.
OSC1 I Oscillator crystal input or external clock source
input. ST buffer when configured in RC mode;
otherwise CMOS.
CLKI I External clock source input. Always associated
with pin function OSC1 (see OSC1/CLKI,
OSC2/CLKO pins).
OSC2/CLKO 14 15 31 33 — Oscillator crystal or clock output.
OSC2 O Oscillator crystal output.
Connects to crystal or resonator in Crystal
Oscillator mode.
CLKO O In RC mode, OSC2 pin outputs CLKO, which
has 1/4 the frequency of OSC1 and denotes the
instruction cycle rate.
MCLR/VPP 1 2 18 18 ST Master Clear (input) or programming voltage (output).
MCLR I Master Clear (Reset) input. This pin is an active
low Reset to the device.
VPP P Programming voltage input.
PORTA is a bidirectional I/O port.
RA0/AN0 2 3 19 19 TTL
RA0 I/O Digital I/O.
AN0 I Analog input 0.
RA1/AN1 3 4 20 20 TTL
RA1 I/O Digital I/O.
AN1 I Analog input 1.
RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF 4 5 21 21 TTL
RA2 I/O Digital I/O.
AN2 I Analog input 2.
VREF- I A/D reference voltage (Low) input.
CVREF O Comparator VREF output.
RA3/AN3/VREF+ 5 6 22 22 TTL
RA3 I/O Digital I/O.
AN3 I Analog input 3.
VREF+ I A/D reference voltage (High) input.
RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT 6 7 23 23 ST
RA4 I/O Digital I/O – Open-drain when configured as
output.
T0CKI I Timer0 external clock input.
C1OUT O Comparator 1 output.
RA5/AN4/SS/C2OUT 7 8 24 24 TTL
RA5 I/O Digital I/O.
AN4 I Analog input 4.
SS I SPI slave select input.
C2OUT O Comparator 2 output.
Legend: I = input O = output I/O = input/output P = power
— = Not used TTL = TTL input ST = Schmitt Trigger input
Note 1: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured as the external interrupt.
2: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when used in Serial Programming mode.
3: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured in RC Oscillator mode and a CMOS input otherwise.

DS39582B-page 10  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
TABLE 1-3: PIC16F874A/877A PINOUT DESCRIPTION (CONTINUED)
PDIP PLCC TQFP QFN I/O/P Buffer
Pin Name Description
Pin# Pin# Pin# Pin# Type Type
PORTB is a bidirectional I/O port. PORTB can be
software programmed for internal weak pull-up on all
inputs.
RB0/INT 33 36 8 9 TTL/ST(1)
RB0 I/O Digital I/O.
INT I External interrupt.
RB1 34 37 9 10 I/O TTL Digital I/O.
RB2 35 38 10 11 I/O TTL Digital I/O.
RB3/PGM 36 39 11 12 TTL
RB3 I/O Digital I/O.
PGM I Low-voltage ICSP programming enable pin.
RB4 37 41 14 14 I/O TTL Digital I/O.
RB5 38 42 15 15 I/O TTL Digital I/O.
RB6/PGC 39 43 16 16 TTL/ST(2)
RB6 I/O Digital I/O.
PGC I In-circuit debugger and ICSP programming clock.
RB7/PGD 40 44 17 17 TTL/ST(2)
RB7 I/O Digital I/O.
PGD I/O In-circuit debugger and ICSP programming data.
Legend: I = input O = output I/O = input/output P = power
— = Not used TTL = TTL input ST = Schmitt Trigger input
Note 1: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured as the external interrupt.
2: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when used in Serial Programming mode.
3: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured in RC Oscillator mode and a CMOS input otherwise.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 11

PIC16F87XA
TABLE 1-3: PIC16F874A/877A PINOUT DESCRIPTION (CONTINUED)
PDIP PLCC TQFP QFN I/O/P Buffer
Pin Name Description
Pin# Pin# Pin# Pin# Type Type
PORTC is a bidirectional I/O port.
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI 15 16 32 34 ST
RC0 I/O Digital I/O.
T1OSO O Timer1 oscillator output.
T1CKI I Timer1 external clock input.
RC1/T1OSI/CCP2 16 18 35 35 ST
RC1 I/O Digital I/O.
T1OSI I Timer1 oscillator input.
CCP2 I/O Capture2 input, Compare2 output, PWM2 output.
RC2/CCP1 17 19 36 36 ST
RC2 I/O Digital I/O.
CCP1 I/O Capture1 input, Compare1 output, PWM1 output.
RC3/SCK/SCL 18 20 37 37 ST
RC3 I/O Digital I/O.
SCK I/O Synchronous serial clock input/output for SPI
mode.
SCL I/O Synchronous serial clock input/output for I2C
mode.
RC4/SDI/SDA 23 25 42 42 ST
RC4 I/O Digital I/O.
SDI I SPI data in.
SDA I/O I2C data I/O.
RC5/SDO 24 26 43 43 ST
RC5 I/O Digital I/O.
SDO O SPI data out.
RC6/TX/CK 25 27 44 44 ST
RC6 I/O Digital I/O.
TX O USART asynchronous transmit.
CK I/O USART1 synchronous clock.
RC7/RX/DT 26 29 1 1 ST
RC7 I/O Digital I/O.
RX I USART asynchronous receive.
DT I/O USART synchronous data.
Legend: I = input O = output I/O = input/output P = power
— = Not used TTL = TTL input ST = Schmitt Trigger input
Note 1: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured as the external interrupt.
2: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when used in Serial Programming mode.
3: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured in RC Oscillator mode and a CMOS input otherwise.

DS39582B-page 12  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
TABLE 1-3: PIC16F874A/877A PINOUT DESCRIPTION (CONTINUED)
PDIP PLCC TQFP QFN I/O/P Buffer
Pin Name Description
Pin# Pin# Pin# Pin# Type Type
PORTD is a bidirectional I/O port or Parallel Slave
Port when interfacing to a microprocessor bus.
RD0/PSP0 19 21 38 38 ST/TTL(3)
RD0 I/O Digital I/O.
PSP0 I/O Parallel Slave Port data.
RD1/PSP1 20 22 39 39 ST/TTL(3)
RD1 I/O Digital I/O.
PSP1 I/O Parallel Slave Port data.
RD2/PSP2 21 23 40 40 ST/TTL(3)
RD2 I/O Digital I/O.
PSP2 I/O Parallel Slave Port data.
RD3/PSP3 22 24 41 41 ST/TTL(3)
RD3 I/O Digital I/O.
PSP3 I/O Parallel Slave Port data.
RD4/PSP4 27 30 2 2 ST/TTL(3)
RD4 I/O Digital I/O.
PSP4 I/O Parallel Slave Port data.
RD5/PSP5 28 31 3 3 ST/TTL(3)
RD5 I/O Digital I/O.
PSP5 I/O Parallel Slave Port data.
RD6/PSP6 29 32 4 4 ST/TTL(3)
RD6 I/O Digital I/O.
PSP6 I/O Parallel Slave Port data.
RD7/PSP7 30 33 5 5 ST/TTL(3)
RD7 I/O Digital I/O.
PSP7 I/O Parallel Slave Port data.
PORTE is a bidirectional I/O port.
RE0/RD/AN5 8 9 25 25 ST/TTL(3)
RE0 I/O Digital I/O.
RD I Read control for Parallel Slave Port.
AN5 I Analog input 5.
RE1/WR/AN6 9 10 26 26 ST/TTL(3)
RE1 I/O Digital I/O.
WR I Write control for Parallel Slave Port.
AN6 I Analog input 6.
RE2/CS/AN7 10 11 27 27 ST/TTL(3)
RE2 I/O Digital I/O.
CS I Chip select control for Parallel Slave Port.
AN7 I Analog input 7.
VSS 12, 31 13, 34 6, 29 6, 30, P — Ground reference for logic and I/O pins.
31
VDD 11, 32 12, 35 7, 28 7, 8, P — Positive supply for logic and I/O pins.
28, 29
NC — 1, 17, 12,13, 13 — — These pins are not internally connected. These pins
28, 40 33, 34 should be left unconnected.
Legend: I = input O = output I/O = input/output P = power
— = Not used TTL = TTL input ST = Schmitt Trigger input
Note 1: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured as the external interrupt.
2: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when used in Serial Programming mode.
3: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured in RC Oscillator mode and a CMOS input otherwise.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 13

PIC16F87XA
NOTES:

DS39582B-page 14  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
2.0 MEMORY ORGANIZATION 2.1 Program Memory Organization
There are three memory blocks in each of the The PIC16F87XA devices have a 13-bit program
PIC16F87XA devices. The program memory and data counter capable of addressing an 8K word x 14 bit
memory have separate buses so that concurrent program memory space. The PIC16F876A/877A
access can occur and is detailed in this section. The devices have 8K words x 14 bits of Flash program
EEPROM data memory block is detailed in Section 3.0 memory, while PIC16F873A/874A devices have
“Data EEPROM and Flash Program Memory”. 4K words x 14 bits. Accessing a location above the
physically implemented address will cause a
Additional information on device memory may be found
wraparound.
in the PICmicro® Mid-Range MCU Family Reference
Manual (DS33023). The Reset vector is at 0000h and the interrupt vector is
at 0004h.

FIGURE 2-1: PIC16F876A/877A FIGURE 2-2: PIC16F873A/874A

PROGRAM MEMORY MAP PROGRAM MEMORY MAP
AND STACK AND STACK

PC<12:0> PC<12:0>

13 CALL, RETURN 13
CALL, RETURN
RETFIE, RETLW RETFIE, RETLW

Stack Level 1
Stack Level 1
Stack Level 2
Stack Level 2

Stack Level 8 Stack Level 8

Reset Vector 0000h

Reset Vector 0000h

Interrupt Vector 0004h

Interrupt Vector 0004h
0005h 0005h
Page 0
Page 0 On-Chip
07FFh
07FFh Program
Memory 0800h
0800h
Page 1 Page 1
On-Chip 0FFFh
0FFFh
Program
1000h
Memory 1000h
Page 2

17FFh
1800h
Page 3
1FFFh
1FFFh

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 15

PIC16F87XA
2.2 Data Memory Organization Each bank extends up to 7Fh (128 bytes). The lower
locations of each bank are reserved for the Special
The data memory is partitioned into multiple banks Function Registers. Above the Special Function Regis-
which contain the General Purpose Registers and the ters are General Purpose Registers, implemented as
Special Function Registers. Bits RP1 (Status<6>) and static RAM. All implemented banks contain Special
RP0 (Status<5>) are the bank select bits. Function Registers. Some frequently used Special
Function Registers from one bank may be mirrored in
another bank for code reduction and quicker access.
RP1:RP0 Bank
00 0 Note: The EEPROM data memory description can
be found in Section 3.0 “Data EEPROM
01 1 and Flash Program Memory” of this data
10 2 sheet.
11 3
2.2.1 GENERAL PURPOSE REGISTER
FILE
The register file can be accessed either directly, or
indirectly, through the File Select Register (FSR).

DS39582B-page 16  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
FIGURE 2-3: PIC16F876A/877A REGISTER FILE MAP

File File File File

Address Address Address Address

Indirect addr.(*) 00h Indirect addr.(*) 80h Indirect addr.(*) 100h Indirect addr.(*) 180h
TMR0 01h OPTION_REG 81h TMR0 101h OPTION_REG 181h
PCL 02h PCL 82h PCL 102h PCL 182h
STATUS 03h STATUS 83h STATUS 103h STATUS 183h
FSR 04h FSR 84h FSR 104h FSR 184h
PORTA 05h TRISA 85h 105h 185h
PORTB 06h TRISB 86h PORTB 106h TRISB 186h
PORTC 07h TRISC 87h 107h 187h
PORTD(1) 08h TRISD(1) 88h 108h 188h
PORTE(1) 09h TRISE(1) 89h 109h 189h
PCLATH 0Ah PCLATH 8Ah PCLATH 10Ah PCLATH 18Ah
INTCON 0Bh INTCON 8Bh INTCON 10Bh INTCON 18Bh
PIR1 0Ch PIE1 8Ch EEDATA 10Ch EECON1 18Ch
PIR2 0Dh PIE2 8Dh EEADR 10Dh EECON2 18Dh
TMR1L 0Eh PCON 8Eh EEDATH 10Eh Reserved(2) 18Eh
TMR1H 0Fh 8Fh EEADRH 10Fh Reserved(2) 18Fh
T1CON 10h 90h 110h 190h
TMR2 11h SSPCON2 91h 111h 191h
T2CON 12h PR2 92h 112h 192h
SSPBUF 13h SSPADD 93h 113h 193h
SSPCON 14h SSPSTAT 94h 114h 194h
CCPR1L 15h 95h 115h 195h
CCPR1H 16h 96h 116h 196h
CCP1CON 17h 97h General 117h General 197h
Purpose Purpose
RCSTA 18h TXSTA 98h Register 118h Register 198h
TXREG 19h SPBRG 99h 16 Bytes 119h 16 Bytes 199h
RCREG 1Ah 9Ah 11Ah 19Ah
CCPR2L 1Bh 9Bh 11Bh 19Bh
CCPR2H 1Ch CMCON 9Ch 11Ch 19Ch
CCP2CON 1Dh CVRCON 9Dh 11Dh 19Dh
ADRESH 1Eh ADRESL 9Eh 11Eh 19Eh
ADCON0 1Fh ADCON1 9Fh 11Fh 19Fh
20h A0h 120h 1A0h
General General General
Purpose Purpose Purpose
General Register Register Register
Purpose
Register 80 Bytes 80 Bytes 80 Bytes

96 Bytes EFh 16Fh 1EFh

F0h 170h accesses 1F0h
accesses accesses
70h-7Fh 70h-7Fh 70h - 7Fh
7Fh FFh 17Fh 1FFh
Bank 0 Bank 1 Bank 2 Bank 3

Unimplemented data memory locations, read as ‘0’.

* Not a physical register.
Note 1: These registers are not implemented on the PIC16F876A.
2: These registers are reserved; maintain these registers clear.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 17

PIC16F87XA
FIGURE 2-4: PIC16F873A/874A REGISTER FILE MAP
File File File File
Address Address Address Address

Indirect addr.(*) 00h Indirect addr.(*) 80h Indirect addr.(*) 100h Indirect addr.(*) 180h
TMR0 01h OPTION_REG 81h TMR0 101h OPTION_REG 181h
PCL 02h PCL 82h PCL 102h PCL 182h
STATUS 03h STATUS 83h STATUS 103h STATUS 183h
FSR 04h FSR 84h FSR 104h FSR 184h
PORTA 05h TRISA 85h 105h 185h
PORTB 06h TRISB 86h PORTB 106h TRISB 186h
PORTC 07h TRISC 87h 107h 187h
PORTD(1) 08h TRISD(1) 88h 108h 188h
PORTE(1) 09h TRISE(1) 89h 109h 189h
PCLATH 0Ah PCLATH 8Ah PCLATH 10Ah PCLATH 18Ah
INTCON 0Bh INTCON 8Bh INTCON 10Bh INTCON 18Bh
PIR1 0Ch PIE1 8Ch EEDATA 10Ch EECON1 18Ch
PIR2 0Dh PIE2 8Dh EEADR 10Dh EECON2 18Dh
TMR1L 0Eh PCON 8Eh EEDATH 10Eh Reserved(2) 18Eh
TMR1H 0Fh 8Fh EEADRH 10Fh Reserved(2) 18Fh
T1CON 10h 90h 110h 190h
TMR2 11h SSPCON2 91h
T2CON 12h PR2 92h
SSPBUF 13h SSPADD 93h
SSPCON 14h SSPSTAT 94h
CCPR1L 15h 95h
CCPR1H 16h 96h
CCP1CON 17h 97h
RCSTA 18h TXSTA 98h
TXREG 19h SPBRG 99h
RCREG 1Ah 9Ah
CCPR2L 1Bh 9Bh
CCPR2H 1Ch CMCON 9Ch
CCP2CON 1Dh CVRCON 9Dh
ADRESH 1Eh ADRESL 9Eh
ADCON0 1Fh ADCON1 9Fh
120h 1A0h
20h A0h

General General
Purpose Purpose accesses accesses
Register Register
20h-7Fh A0h - FFh
96 Bytes 96 Bytes 16Fh 1EFh
170h 1F0h

7Fh FFh 17Fh 1FFh

Bank 0 Bank 1 Bank 2 Bank 3

Unimplemented data memory locations, read as ‘0’.

* Not a physical register.
Note 1: These registers are not implemented on the PIC16F873A.
2: These registers are reserved; maintain these registers clear.

DS39582B-page 18  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
2.2.2 SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS The Special Function Registers can be classified into
two sets: core (CPU) and peripheral. Those registers
The Special Function Registers are registers used by
associated with the core functions are described in
the CPU and peripheral modules for controlling the
detail in this section. Those related to the operation of
desired operation of the device. These registers are
the peripheral features are described in detail in the
implemented as static RAM. A list of these registers is
peripheral features section.
given in Table 2-1.

TABLE 2-1: SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER SUMMARY

Value on: Details
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
POR, BOR on page:
Bank 0
00h(3) INDF Addressing this location uses contents of FSR to address data memory (not a physical register) 0000 0000 31, 150
01h TMR0 Timer0 Module Register xxxx xxxx 55, 150
02h(3) PCL Program Counter (PC) Least Significant Byte 0000 0000 30, 150
03h(3) STATUS IRP RP1 RP0 TO PD Z DC C 0001 1xxx 22, 150
04h(3) FSR Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer xxxx xxxx 31, 150
05h PORTA — — PORTA Data Latch when written: PORTA pins when read --0x 0000 43, 150
06h PORTB PORTB Data Latch when written: PORTB pins when read xxxx xxxx 45, 150
07h PORTC PORTC Data Latch when written: PORTC pins when read xxxx xxxx 47, 150
08h(4) PORTD PORTD Data Latch when written: PORTD pins when read xxxx xxxx 48, 150
09h(4) PORTE — — — — — RE2 RE1 RE0 ---- -xxx 49, 150
0Ah(1,3) PCLATH — — — Write Buffer for the upper 5 bits of the Program Counter ---0 0000 30, 150
0Bh(3) INTCON GIE PEIE TMR0IE INTE RBIE TMR0IF INTF RBIF 0000 000x 24, 150
0Ch PIR1 PSPIF(3) ADIF RCIF TXIF SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 0000 0000 26, 150
0Dh PIR2 — CMIF — EEIF BCLIF — — CCP2IF -0-0 0--0 28, 150
0Eh TMR1L Holding Register for the Least Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Register xxxx xxxx 60, 150
0Fh TMR1H Holding Register for the Most Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Register xxxx xxxx 60, 150
10h T1CON — — T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON --00 0000 57, 150
11h TMR2 Timer2 Module Register 0000 0000 62, 150
12h T2CON — TOUTPS3 TOUTPS2 TOUTPS1 TOUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0 -000 0000 61, 150
13h SSPBUF Synchronous Serial Port Receive Buffer/Transmit Register xxxx xxxx 79, 150
14h SSPCON WCOL SSPOV SSPEN CKP SSPM3 SSPM2 SSPM1 SSPM0 0000 0000 82, 82,
150
15h CCPR1L Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1 (LSB) xxxx xxxx 63, 150
16h CCPR1H Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1 (MSB) xxxx xxxx 63, 150
17h CCP1CON — — CCP1X CCP1Y CCP1M3 CCP1M2 CCP1M1 CCP1M0 --00 0000 64, 150
18h RCSTA SPEN RX9 SREN CREN ADDEN FERR OERR RX9D 0000 000x 112, 150
19h TXREG USART Transmit Data Register 0000 0000 118, 150
1Ah RCREG USART Receive Data Register 0000 0000 118, 150
1Bh CCPR2L Capture/Compare/PWM Register 2 (LSB) xxxx xxxx 63, 150
1Ch CCPR2H Capture/Compare/PWM Register 2 (MSB) xxxx xxxx 63, 150
1Dh CCP2CON — — CCP2X CCP2Y CCP2M3 CCP2M2 CCP2M1 CCP2M0 --00 0000 64, 150
1Eh ADRESH A/D Result Register High Byte xxxx xxxx 133, 150
1Fh ADCON0 ADCS1 ADCS0 CHS2 CHS1 CHS0 GO/DONE — ADON 0000 00-0 127, 150
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, q = value depends on condition, - = unimplemented, read as ‘0’, r = reserved.
Shaded locations are unimplemented, read as ‘0’.
Note 1: The upper byte of the program counter is not directly accessible. PCLATH is a holding register for the PC<12:8>, whose
contents are transferred to the upper byte of the program counter.
2: Bits PSPIE and PSPIF are reserved on PIC16F873A/876A devices; always maintain these bits clear.
3: These registers can be addressed from any bank.
4: PORTD, PORTE, TRISD and TRISE are not implemented on PIC16F873A/876A devices, read as ‘0’.
5: Bit 4 of EEADRH implemented only on the PIC16F876A/877A devices.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 19

PIC16F87XA
TABLE 2-1: SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER SUMMARY (CONTINUED)
Value on: Details
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
POR, BOR on page:
Bank 1
80h(3) INDF Addressing this location uses contents of FSR to address data memory (not a physical register) 0000 0000 31, 150
81h OPTION_REG RBPU INTEDG T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0 1111 1111 23, 150
82h(3) PCL Program Counter (PC) Least Significant Byte 0000 0000 30, 150
83h(3) STATUS IRP RP1 RP0 TO PD Z DC C 0001 1xxx 22, 150
84h(3) FSR Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer xxxx xxxx 31, 150
85h TRISA — — PORTA Data Direction Register --11 1111 43, 150
86h TRISB PORTB Data Direction Register 1111 1111 45, 150
87h TRISC PORTC Data Direction Register 1111 1111 47, 150
88h(4) TRISD PORTD Data Direction Register 1111 1111 48, 151
89h(4) TRISE IBF OBF IBOV PSPMODE — PORTE Data Direction bits 0000 -111 50, 151
8Ah(1,3) PCLATH — — — Write Buffer for the upper 5 bits of the Program Counter ---0 0000 30, 150
8Bh(3) INTCON GIE PEIE TMR0IE INTE RBIE TMR0IF INTF RBIF 0000 000x 24, 150
8Ch PIE1 PSPIE(2) ADIE RCIE TXIE SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 0000 0000 25, 151
8Dh PIE2 — CMIE — EEIE BCLIE — — CCP2IE -0-0 0--0 27, 151
8Eh PCON — — — — — — POR BOR ---- --qq 29, 151
8Fh — Unimplemented — —
90h — Unimplemented — —
91h SSPCON2 GCEN ACKSTAT ACKDT ACKEN RCEN PEN RSEN SEN 0000 0000 83, 151
92h PR2 Timer2 Period Register 1111 1111 62, 151
93h SSPADD Synchronous Serial Port (I2C mode) Address Register 0000 0000 79, 151
94h SSPSTAT SMP CKE D/A P S R/W UA BF 0000 0000 79, 151
95h — Unimplemented — —
96h — Unimplemented — —
97h — Unimplemented — —
98h TXSTA CSRC TX9 TXEN SYNC — BRGH TRMT TX9D 0000 -010 111, 151
99h SPBRG Baud Rate Generator Register 0000 0000 113, 151
9Ah — Unimplemented — —
9Bh — Unimplemented — —
9Ch CMCON C2OUT C1OUT C2INV C1INV CIS CM2 CM1 CM0 0000 0111 135, 151
9Dh CVRCON CVREN CVROE CVRR — CVR3 CVR2 CVR1 CVR0 000- 0000 141, 151
9Eh ADRESL A/D Result Register Low Byte xxxx xxxx 133, 151
9Fh ADCON1 ADFM ADCS2 — — PCFG3 PCFG2 PCFG1 PCFG0 00-- 0000 128, 151
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, q = value depends on condition, - = unimplemented, read as ‘0’, r = reserved.
Shaded locations are unimplemented, read as ‘0’.
Note 1: The upper byte of the program counter is not directly accessible. PCLATH is a holding register for the PC<12:8>, whose
contents are transferred to the upper byte of the program counter.
2: Bits PSPIE and PSPIF are reserved on PIC16F873A/876A devices; always maintain these bits clear.
3: These registers can be addressed from any bank.
4: PORTD, PORTE, TRISD and TRISE are not implemented on PIC16F873A/876A devices, read as ‘0’.
5: Bit 4 of EEADRH implemented only on the PIC16F876A/877A devices.

DS39582B-page 20  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
TABLE 2-1: SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER SUMMARY (CONTINUED)
Value on: Details
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
POR, BOR on page:
Bank 2
100h(3) INDF Addressing this location uses contents of FSR to address data memory (not a physical register) 0000 0000 31, 150
101h TMR0 Timer0 Module Register xxxx xxxx 55, 150
102h(3) PCL Program Counter’s (PC) Least Significant Byte 0000 0000 30, 150
103h(3) STATUS IRP RP1 RP0 TO PD Z DC C 0001 1xxx 22, 150
104h(3) FSR Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer xxxx xxxx 31, 150
105h — Unimplemented — —
106h PORTB PORTB Data Latch when written: PORTB pins when read xxxx xxxx 45, 150
107h — Unimplemented — —
108h — Unimplemented — —
109h — Unimplemented — —
10Ah(1,3) PCLATH — — — Write Buffer for the upper 5 bits of the Program Counter ---0 0000 30, 150
10Bh(3) INTCON GIE PEIE TMR0IE INTE RBIE TMR0IF INTF RBIF 0000 000x 24, 150
10Ch EEDATA EEPROM Data Register Low Byte xxxx xxxx 39, 151
10Dh EEADR EEPROM Address Register Low Byte xxxx xxxx 39, 151
10Eh EEDATH — — EEPROM Data Register High Byte --xx xxxx 39, 151
10Fh EEADRH — — — —(5) EEPROM Address Register High Byte ---- xxxx 39, 151
Bank 3
180h(3) INDF Addressing this location uses contents of FSR to address data memory (not a physical register) 0000 0000 31, 150
181h OPTION_REG RBPU INTEDG T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0 1111 1111 23, 150
182h(3) PCL Program Counter (PC) Least Significant Byte 0000 0000 30, 150
183h(3) STATUS IRP RP1 RP0 TO PD Z DC C 0001 1xxx 22, 150
184h(3) FSR Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer xxxx xxxx 31, 150
185h — Unimplemented — —
186h TRISB PORTB Data Direction Register 1111 1111 45, 150
187h — Unimplemented — —
188h — Unimplemented — —
189h — Unimplemented — —
18Ah(1,3) PCLATH — — — Write Buffer for the upper 5 bits of the Program Counter ---0 0000 30, 150
18Bh(3) INTCON GIE PEIE TMR0IE INTE RBIE TMR0IF INTF RBIF 0000 000x 24, 150
18Ch EECON1 EEPGD — — — WRERR WREN WR RD x--- x000 34, 151
18Dh EECON2 EEPROM Control Register 2 (not a physical register) ---- ---- 39, 151
18Eh — Reserved; maintain clear 0000 0000 —
18Fh — Reserved; maintain clear 0000 0000 —
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, q = value depends on condition, - = unimplemented, read as ‘0’, r = reserved.
Shaded locations are unimplemented, read as ‘0’.
Note 1: The upper byte of the program counter is not directly accessible. PCLATH is a holding register for the PC<12:8>, whose
contents are transferred to the upper byte of the program counter.
2: Bits PSPIE and PSPIF are reserved on PIC16F873A/876A devices; always maintain these bits clear.
3: These registers can be addressed from any bank.
4: PORTD, PORTE, TRISD and TRISE are not implemented on PIC16F873A/876A devices, read as ‘0’.
5: Bit 4 of EEADRH implemented only on the PIC16F876A/877A devices.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 21

PIC16F87XA
2.2.2.1 Status Register For example, CLRF STATUS, will clear the upper three
bits and set the Z bit. This leaves the Status register as
The Status register contains the arithmetic status of the
000u u1uu (where u = unchanged).
ALU, the Reset status and the bank select bits for data
memory. It is recommended, therefore, that only BCF, BSF,
SWAPF and MOVWF instructions are used to alter the
The Status register can be the destination for any
Status register because these instructions do not affect
instruction, as with any other register. If the Status reg-
the Z, C or DC bits from the Status register. For other
ister is the destination for an instruction that affects the
instructions not affecting any status bits, see
Z, DC or C bits, then the write to these three bits is dis-
Section 15.0 “Instruction Set Summary”.
abled. These bits are set or cleared according to the
device logic. Furthermore, the TO and PD bits are not Note: The C and DC bits operate as a borrow
writable, therefore, the result of an instruction with the and digit borrow bit, respectively, in sub-
Status register as destination may be different than traction. See the SUBLW and SUBWF
intended. instructions for examples.

REGISTER 2-1: STATUS REGISTER (ADDRESS 03h, 83h, 103h, 183h)

R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R-1 R-1 R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x
IRP RP1 RP0 TO PD Z DC C
bit 7 bit 0

bit 7 IRP: Register Bank Select bit (used for indirect addressing)
1 = Bank 2, 3 (100h-1FFh)
0 = Bank 0, 1 (00h-FFh)
bit 6-5 RP1:RP0: Register Bank Select bits (used for direct addressing)
11 = Bank 3 (180h-1FFh)
10 = Bank 2 (100h-17Fh)
01 = Bank 1 (80h-FFh)
00 = Bank 0 (00h-7Fh)
Each bank is 128 bytes.
bit 4 TO: Time-out bit
1 = After power-up, CLRWDT instruction or SLEEP instruction
0 = A WDT time-out occurred
bit 3 PD: Power-down bit
1 = After power-up or by the CLRWDT instruction
0 = By execution of the SLEEP instruction
bit 2 Z: Zero bit
1 = The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is zero
0 = The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is not zero
bit 1 DC: Digit carry/borrow bit (ADDWF, ADDLW,SUBLW,SUBWF instructions)
(for borrow, the polarity is reversed)
1 = A carry-out from the 4th low order bit of the result occurred
0 = No carry-out from the 4th low order bit of the result
bit 0 C: Carry/borrow bit (ADDWF, ADDLW,SUBLW,SUBWF instructions)
1 = A carry-out from the Most Significant bit of the result occurred
0 = No carry-out from the Most Significant bit of the result occurred
Note: For borrow, the polarity is reversed. A subtraction is executed by adding the two’s
complement of the second operand. For rotate (RRF, RLF) instructions, this bit is
loaded with either the high, or low order bit of the source register.

Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

DS39582B-page 22  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
2.2.2.2 OPTION_REG Register Note: To achieve a 1:1 prescaler assignment for
The OPTION_REG Register is a readable and writable the TMR0 register, assign the prescaler to
register, which contains various control bits to configure the Watchdog Timer.
the TMR0 prescaler/WDT postscaler (single assign-
able register known also as the prescaler), the external
INT interrupt, TMR0 and the weak pull-ups on PORTB.

REGISTER 2-2: OPTION_REG REGISTER (ADDRESS 81h, 181h)

R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1
RBPU INTEDG T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0
bit 7 bit 0

bit 7 RBPU: PORTB Pull-up Enable bit

1 = PORTB pull-ups are disabled
0 = PORTB pull-ups are enabled by individual port latch values
bit 6 INTEDG: Interrupt Edge Select bit
1 = Interrupt on rising edge of RB0/INT pin
0 = Interrupt on falling edge of RB0/INT pin
bit 5 T0CS: TMR0 Clock Source Select bit
1 = Transition on RA4/T0CKI pin
0 = Internal instruction cycle clock (CLKO)
bit 4 T0SE: TMR0 Source Edge Select bit
1 = Increment on high-to-low transition on RA4/T0CKI pin
0 = Increment on low-to-high transition on RA4/T0CKI pin
bit 3 PSA: Prescaler Assignment bit
1 = Prescaler is assigned to the WDT
0 = Prescaler is assigned to the Timer0 module
bit 2-0 PS2:PS0: Prescaler Rate Select bits
Bit Value TMR0 Rate WDT Rate
000 1:2 1:1
001 1:4 1:2
010 1:8 1:4
011 1 : 16 1:8
100 1 : 32 1 : 16
101 1 : 64 1 : 32
110 1 : 128 1 : 64
111 1 : 256 1 : 128

Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

Note: When using Low-Voltage ICSP Programming (LVP) and the pull-ups on PORTB are
enabled, bit 3 in the TRISB register must be cleared to disable the pull-up on RB3
and ensure the proper operation of the device

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 23

PIC16F87XA
2.2.2.3 INTCON Register Note: Interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt
The INTCON register is a readable and writable regis- condition occurs regardless of the state of its
ter, which contains various enable and flag bits for the corresponding enable bit or the global
TMR0 register overflow, RB port change and external enable bit, GIE (INTCON<7>). User software
RB0/INT pin interrupts. should ensure the appropriate interrupt flag
bits are clear prior to enabling an interrupt.

REGISTER 2-3: INTCON REGISTER (ADDRESS 0Bh, 8Bh, 10Bh, 18Bh)

R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-x
GIE PEIE TMR0IE INTE RBIE TMR0IF INTF RBIF
bit 7 bit 0

bit 7 GIE: Global Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enables all unmasked interrupts
0 = Disables all interrupts
bit 6 PEIE: Peripheral Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables all unmasked peripheral interrupts
0 = Disables all peripheral interrupts
bit 5 TMR0IE: TMR0 Overflow Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the TMR0 interrupt
0 = Disables the TMR0 interrupt
bit 4 INTE: RB0/INT External Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the RB0/INT external interrupt
0 = Disables the RB0/INT external interrupt
bit 3 RBIE: RB Port Change Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the RB port change interrupt
0 = Disables the RB port change interrupt
bit 2 TMR0IF: TMR0 Overflow Interrupt Flag bit
1 = TMR0 register has overflowed (must be cleared in software)
0 = TMR0 register did not overflow
bit 1 INTF: RB0/INT External Interrupt Flag bit
1 = The RB0/INT external interrupt occurred (must be cleared in software)
0 = The RB0/INT external interrupt did not occur
bit 0 RBIF: RB Port Change Interrupt Flag bit
1 = At least one of the RB7:RB4 pins changed state; a mismatch condition will continue to set
the bit. Reading PORTB will end the mismatch condition and allow the bit to be cleared
(must be cleared in software).
0 = None of the RB7:RB4 pins have changed state

Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

DS39582B-page 24  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
2.2.2.4 PIE1 Register Note: Bit PEIE (INTCON<6>) must be set to
The PIE1 register contains the individual enable bits for enable any peripheral interrupt.
the peripheral interrupts.

REGISTER 2-4: PIE1 REGISTER (ADDRESS 8Ch)

R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
(1)
PSPIE ADIE RCIE TXIE SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE
bit 7 bit 0

bit 7 PSPIE: Parallel Slave Port Read/Write Interrupt Enable bit(1)

1 = Enables the PSP read/write interrupt
0 = Disables the PSP read/write interrupt
Note 1: PSPIE is reserved on PIC16F873A/876A devices; always maintain this bit clear.
bit 6 ADIE: A/D Converter Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the A/D converter interrupt
0 = Disables the A/D converter interrupt
bit 5 RCIE: USART Receive Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the USART receive interrupt
0 = Disables the USART receive interrupt
bit 4 TXIE: USART Transmit Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the USART transmit interrupt
0 = Disables the USART transmit interrupt
bit 3 SSPIE: Synchronous Serial Port Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the SSP interrupt
0 = Disables the SSP interrupt
bit 2 CCP1IE: CCP1 Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the CCP1 interrupt
0 = Disables the CCP1 interrupt
bit 1 TMR2IE: TMR2 to PR2 Match Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the TMR2 to PR2 match interrupt
0 = Disables the TMR2 to PR2 match interrupt
bit 0 TMR1IE: TMR1 Overflow Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the TMR1 overflow interrupt
0 = Disables the TMR1 overflow interrupt

Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 25

PIC16F87XA
2.2.2.5 PIR1 Register Note: Interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt
The PIR1 register contains the individual flag bits for condition occurs regardless of the state of its
the peripheral interrupts. corresponding enable bit or the global
enable bit, GIE (INTCON<7>). User software
should ensure the appropriate interrupt bits
are clear prior to enabling an interrupt.

REGISTER 2-5: PIR1 REGISTER (ADDRESS 0Ch)

R/W-0 R/W-0 R-0 R-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
(1)
PSPIF ADIF RCIF TXIF SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF
bit 7 bit 0

bit 7 PSPIF: Parallel Slave Port Read/Write Interrupt Flag bit(1)

1 = A read or a write operation has taken place (must be cleared in software)
0 = No read or write has occurred
Note 1: PSPIF is reserved on PIC16F873A/876A devices; always maintain this bit clear.
bit 6 ADIF: A/D Converter Interrupt Flag bit
1 = An A/D conversion completed
0 = The A/D conversion is not complete
bit 5 RCIF: USART Receive Interrupt Flag bit
1 = The USART receive buffer is full
0 = The USART receive buffer is empty
bit 4 TXIF: USART Transmit Interrupt Flag bit
1 = The USART transmit buffer is empty
0 = The USART transmit buffer is full
bit 3 SSPIF: Synchronous Serial Port (SSP) Interrupt Flag bit
1 = The SSP interrupt condition has occurred and must be cleared in software before returning
from the Interrupt Service Routine. The conditions that will set this bit are:
• SPI – A transmission/reception has taken place.
• I2C Slave – A transmission/reception has taken place.
• I2C Master
- A transmission/reception has taken place.
- The initiated Start condition was completed by the SSP module.
- The initiated Stop condition was completed by the SSP module.
- The initiated Restart condition was completed by the SSP module.
- The initiated Acknowledge condition was completed by the SSP module.
- A Start condition occurred while the SSP module was Idle (multi-master system).
- A Stop condition occurred while the SSP module was Idle (multi-master system).
0 = No SSP interrupt condition has occurred
bit 2 CCP1IF: CCP1 Interrupt Flag bit
Capture mode:
1 = A TMR1 register capture occurred (must be cleared in software)
0 = No TMR1 register capture occurred
Compare mode:
1 = A TMR1 register compare match occurred (must be cleared in software)
0 = No TMR1 register compare match occurred
PWM mode:
Unused in this mode.
bit 1 TMR2IF: TMR2 to PR2 Match Interrupt Flag bit
1 = TMR2 to PR2 match occurred (must be cleared in software)
0 = No TMR2 to PR2 match occurred
bit 0 TMR1IF: TMR1 Overflow Interrupt Flag bit
1 = TMR1 register overflowed (must be cleared in software)
0 = TMR1 register did not overflow

Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

DS39582B-page 26  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
2.2.2.6 PIE2 Register Note: Bit PEIE (INTCON<6>) must be set to
The PIE2 register contains the individual enable bits for enable any peripheral interrupt.
the CCP2 peripheral interrupt, the SSP bus collision
interrupt, EEPROM write operation interrupt and the
comparator interrupt.

REGISTER 2-6: PIE2 REGISTER (ADDRESS 8Dh)

U-0 R/W-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-0
— CMIE — EEIE BCLIE — — CCP2IE
bit 7 bit 0

bit 7 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 6 CMIE: Comparator Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the comparator interrupt
0 = Disable the comparator interrupt
bit 5 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 4 EEIE: EEPROM Write Operation Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enable EEPROM write interrupt
0 = Disable EEPROM write interrupt
bit 3 BCLIE: Bus Collision Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enable bus collision interrupt
0 = Disable bus collision interrupt
bit 2-1 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 0 CCP2IE: CCP2 Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the CCP2 interrupt
0 = Disables the CCP2 interrupt

Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 27

PIC16F87XA
2.2.2.7 PIR2 Register Note: Interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt
The PIR2 register contains the flag bits for the CCP2 condition occurs regardless of the state of
interrupt, the SSP bus collision interrupt, EEPROM its corresponding enable bit or the global
write operation interrupt and the comparator interrupt. enable bit, GIE (INTCON<7>). User
software should ensure the appropriate
interrupt flag bits are clear prior to
enabling an interrupt.

REGISTER 2-7: PIR2 REGISTER (ADDRESS 0Dh)

U-0 R/W-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-0
— CMIF — EEIF BCLIF — — CCP2IF
bit 7 bit 0

bit 7 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 6 CMIF: Comparator Interrupt Flag bit
1 = The comparator input has changed (must be cleared in software)
0 = The comparator input has not changed
bit 5 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 4 EEIF: EEPROM Write Operation Interrupt Flag bit
1 = The write operation completed (must be cleared in software)
0 = The write operation is not complete or has not been started
bit 3 BCLIF: Bus Collision Interrupt Flag bit
1 = A bus collision has occurred in the SSP when configured for I2C Master mode
0 = No bus collision has occurred
bit 2-1 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 0 CCP2IF: CCP2 Interrupt Flag bit
Capture mode:
1 = A TMR1 register capture occurred (must be cleared in software)
0 = No TMR1 register capture occurred
Compare mode:
1 = A TMR1 register compare match occurred (must be cleared in software)
0 = No TMR1 register compare match occurred
PWM mode:
Unused.

Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

DS39582B-page 28  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
2.2.2.8 PCON Register Note: BOR is unknown on Power-on Reset. It
The Power Control (PCON) register contains flag bits must be set by the user and checked on
to allow differentiation between a Power-on Reset subsequent Resets to see if BOR is clear,
(POR), a Brown-out Reset (BOR), a Watchdog Reset indicating a brown-out has occurred. The
(WDT) and an external MCLR Reset. BOR status bit is a “don’t care” and is not
predictable if the brown-out circuit is dis-
abled (by clearing the BODEN bit in the
configuration word).

REGISTER 2-8: PCON REGISTER (ADDRESS 8Eh)

U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-1
— — — — — — POR BOR
bit 7 bit 0

bit 7-2 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 1 POR: Power-on Reset Status bit
1 = No Power-on Reset occurred
0 = A Power-on Reset occurred (must be set in software after a Power-on Reset occurs)
bit 0 BOR: Brown-out Reset Status bit
1 = No Brown-out Reset occurred
0 = A Brown-out Reset occurred (must be set in software after a Brown-out Reset occurs)

Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 29

PIC16F87XA
2.3 PCL and PCLATH Note 1: There are no status bits to indicate stack
The Program Counter (PC) is 13 bits wide. The low overflow or stack underflow conditions.
byte comes from the PCL register which is a readable 2: There are no instructions/mnemonics
and writable register. The upper bits (PC<12:8>) are called PUSH or POP. These are actions
not readable, but are indirectly writable through the that occur from the execution of the CALL,
PCLATH register. On any Reset, the upper bits of the RETURN, RETLW and RETFIE instructions
PC will be cleared. Figure 2-5 shows the two situations or the vectoring to an interrupt address.
for the loading of the PC. The upper example in the
figure shows how the PC is loaded on a write to PCL 2.4 Program Memory Paging
(PCLATH<4:0> → PCH). The lower example in the
figure shows how the PC is loaded during a CALL or All PIC16F87XA devices are capable of addressing a
GOTO instruction (PCLATH<4:3> → PCH). continuous 8K word block of program memory. The
CALL and GOTO instructions provide only 11 bits of
FIGURE 2-5: LOADING OF PC IN address to allow branching within any 2K program
DIFFERENT SITUATIONS memory page. When doing a CALL or GOTO instruction,
the upper 2 bits of the address are provided by
PCH PCL
PCLATH<4:3>. When doing a CALL or GOTO instruc-
tion, the user must ensure that the page select bits are
12 8 7 0 Instruction with programmed so that the desired program memory
PC PCL as
Destination page is addressed. If a return from a CALL instruction
PCLATH<4:0> 8 (or interrupt) is executed, the entire 13-bit PC is popped
5 ALU
off the stack. Therefore, manipulation of the
PCLATH<4:3> bits is not required for the RETURN
PCLATH instructions (which POPs the address from the stack).

PCH PCL Note: The contents of the PCLATH register are

12 11 10 8 7 0 unchanged after a RETURN or RETFIE
PC GOTO,CALL instruction is executed. The user must
rewrite the contents of the PCLATH regis-
PCLATH<4:3> 11
2 Opcode <10:0> ter for any subsequent subroutine calls or
GOTO instructions.
PCLATH Example 2-1 shows the calling of a subroutine in
page 1 of the program memory. This example assumes
that PCLATH is saved and restored by the Interrupt
2.3.1 COMPUTED GOTO Service Routine (if interrupts are used).
A computed GOTO is accomplished by adding an offset
to the program counter (ADDWF PCL). When doing a EXAMPLE 2-1: CALL OF A SUBROUTINE
table read using a computed GOTO method, care IN PAGE 1 FROM PAGE 0
should be exercised if the table location crosses a PCL ORG 0x500
memory boundary (each 256-byte block). Refer to the BCF PCLATH,4
application note, AN556, “Implementing a Table Read” BSF PCLATH,3 ;Select page 1
(DS00556). ;(800h-FFFh)
CALL SUB1_P1 ;Call subroutine in
2.3.2 STACK : ;page 1 (800h-FFFh)
:
The PIC16F87XA family has an 8-level deep x 13-bit ORG 0x900 ;page 1 (800h-FFFh)
wide hardware stack. The stack space is not part of SUB1_P1
either program or data space and the stack pointer is not : ;called subroutine
readable or writable. The PC is PUSHed onto the stack ;page 1 (800h-FFFh)
when a CALL instruction is executed, or an interrupt :
causes a branch. The stack is POP’ed in the event of a RETURN ;return to
RETURN, RETLW or a RETFIE instruction execution. ;Call subroutine
PCLATH is not affected by a PUSH or POP operation. ;in page 0
;(000h-7FFh)
The stack operates as a circular buffer. This means that
after the stack has been PUSHed eight times, the ninth
push overwrites the value that was stored from the first
push. The tenth push overwrites the second push (and
so on).

DS39582B-page 30  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
2.5 Indirect Addressing, INDF and A simple program to clear RAM locations 20h-2Fh
FSR Registers using indirect addressing is shown in Example 2-2.

The INDF register is not a physical register. Addressing EXAMPLE 2-2: INDIRECT ADDRESSING
the INDF register will cause indirect addressing. MOVLW 0x20 ;initialize pointer
Indirect addressing is possible by using the INDF reg- MOVWF FSR ;to RAM
ister. Any instruction using the INDF register actually NEXT CLRF INDF ;clear INDF register
accesses the register pointed to by the File Select Reg- INCF FSR,F ;inc pointer
ister, FSR. Reading the INDF register itself, indirectly BTFSS FSR,4 ;all done?
GOTO NEXT ;no clear next
(FSR = 0) will read 00h. Writing to the INDF register
CONTINUE
indirectly results in a no operation (although status bits : ;yes continue
may be affected). An effective 9-bit address is obtained
by concatenating the 8-bit FSR register and the IRP bit
(Status<7>) as shown in Figure 2-6.

FIGURE 2-6: DIRECT/INDIRECT ADDRESSING

Direct Addressing Indirect Addressing

RP1:RP0 6 From Opcode 0 IRP 7 FSR Register 0

Bank Select Location Select Bank Select Location Select

00 01 10 11
00h 80h 100h 180h

Data
Memory(1)

7Fh FFh 17Fh 1FFh

Bank 0 Bank 1 Bank 2 Bank 3

Note 1: For register file map detail, see Figure 2-3.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 31

PIC16F87XA
NOTES:

DS39582B-page 32  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
3.0 DATA EEPROM AND FLASH 3.1 EEADR and EEADRH
PROGRAM MEMORY The EEADRH:EEADR register pair can address up to
The data EEPROM and Flash program memory is read- a maximum of 256 bytes of data EEPROM or up to a
able and writable during normal operation (over the full maximum of 8K words of program EEPROM. When
VDD range). This memory is not directly mapped in the selecting a data address value, only the LSByte of the
register file space. Instead, it is indirectly addressed address is written to the EEADR register. When select-
through the Special Function Registers. There are six ing a program address value, the MSByte of the
SFRs used to read and write this memory: address is written to the EEADRH register and the
LSByte is written to the EEADR register.
• EECON1
If the device contains less memory than the full address
• EECON2
reach of the address register pair, the Most Significant
• EEDATA bits of the registers are not implemented. For example,
• EEDATH if the device has 128 bytes of data EEPROM, the Most
• EEADR Significant bit of EEADR is not implemented on access
• EEADRH to data EEPROM.
When interfacing to the data memory block, EEDATA
holds the 8-bit data for read/write and EEADR holds the
3.2 EECON1 and EECON2 Registers
address of the EEPROM location being accessed. EECON1 is the control register for memory accesses.
These devices have 128 or 256 bytes of data EEPROM
Control bit, EEPGD, determines if the access will be a
(depending on the device), with an address range from
program or data memory access. When clear, as it is
00h to FFh. On devices with 128 bytes, addresses from
when reset, any subsequent operations will operate on
80h to FFh are unimplemented and will wraparound to
the data memory. When set, any subsequent
the beginning of data EEPROM memory. When writing
operations will operate on the program memory.
to unimplemented locations, the on-chip charge pump
will be turned off. Control bits, RD and WR, initiate read and write or
erase, respectively. These bits cannot be cleared, only
When interfacing the program memory block, the
set, in software. They are cleared in hardware at com-
EEDATA and EEDATH registers form a two-byte word
pletion of the read or write operation. The inability to
that holds the 14-bit data for read/write and the EEADR
clear the WR bit in software prevents the accidental,
and EEADRH registers form a two-byte word that holds
premature termination of a write operation.
the 13-bit address of the program memory location
being accessed. These devices have 4 or 8K words of The WREN bit, when set, will allow a write or erase
program Flash, with an address range from 0000h to operation. On power-up, the WREN bit is clear. The
0FFFh for the PIC16F873A/874A and 0000h to 1FFFh WRERR bit is set when a write (or erase) operation is
for the PIC16F876A/877A. Addresses above the range interrupted by a MCLR or a WDT Time-out Reset dur-
of the respective device will wraparound to the ing normal operation. In these situations, following
beginning of program memory. Reset, the user can check the WRERR bit and rewrite
the location. The data and address will be unchanged
The EEPROM data memory allows single-byte read and
in the EEDATA and EEADR registers.
write. The Flash program memory allows single-word
reads and four-word block writes. Program memory Interrupt flag bit, EEIF in the PIR2 register, is set when
write operations automatically perform an erase-before- the write is complete. It must be cleared in software.
write on blocks of four words. A byte write in data EECON2 is not a physical register. Reading EECON2
EEPROM memory automatically erases the location will read all ‘0’s. The EECON2 register is used
and writes the new data (erase-before-write). exclusively in the EEPROM write sequence.
The write time is controlled by an on-chip timer. The
Note: The self-programming mechanism for Flash
write/erase voltages are generated by an on-chip
program memory has been changed. On
charge pump, rated to operate over the voltage range
previous PIC16F87X devices, Flash pro-
of the device for byte or word operations.
gramming was done in single-word erase/
When the device is code-protected, the CPU may write cycles. The newer PIC18F87XA
continue to read and write the data EEPROM memory. devices use a four-word erase/write
Depending on the settings of the write-protect bits, the cycle. See Section 3.6 “Writing to Flash
device may or may not be able to write certain blocks Program Memory” for more information.
of the program memory; however, reads of the program
memory are allowed. When code-protected, the device
programmer can no longer access data or program
memory; this does NOT inhibit internal reads or writes.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 33

PIC16F87XA
REGISTER 3-1: EECON1 REGISTER (ADDRESS 18Ch)
R/W-x U-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-x R/W-0 R/S-0 R/S-0
EEPGD — — — WRERR WREN WR RD
bit 7 bit 0

bit 7 EEPGD: Program/Data EEPROM Select bit

1 = Accesses program memory
0 = Accesses data memory
Reads ‘0’ after a POR; this bit cannot be changed while a write operation is in progress.
bit 6-4 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 3 WRERR: EEPROM Error Flag bit
1 = A write operation is prematurely terminated (any MCLR or any WDT Reset during normal
operation)
0 = The write operation completed
bit 2 WREN: EEPROM Write Enable bit
1 = Allows write cycles
0 = Inhibits write to the EEPROM
bit 1 WR: Write Control bit
1 = Initiates a write cycle. The bit is cleared by hardware once write is complete. The WR bit
can only be set (not cleared) in software.
0 = Write cycle to the EEPROM is complete
bit 0 RD: Read Control bit
1 = Initiates an EEPROM read; RD is cleared in hardware. The RD bit can only be set (not
cleared) in software.
0 = Does not initiate an EEPROM read

Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

DS39582B-page 34  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
3.3 Reading Data EEPROM Memory The steps to write to EEPROM data memory are:

To read a data memory location, the user must write the 1. If step 10 is not implemented, check the WR bit
address to the EEADR register, clear the EEPGD con- to see if a write is in progress.
trol bit (EECON1<7>) and then set control bit RD 2. Write the address to EEADR. Make sure that the
(EECON1<0>). The data is available in the very next address is not larger than the memory size of
cycle in the EEDATA register; therefore, it can be read the device.
in the next instruction (see Example 3-1). EEDATA will 3. Write the 8-bit data value to be programmed in
hold this value until another read or until it is written to the EEDATA register.
by the user (during a write operation). 4. Clear the EEPGD bit to point to EEPROM data
The steps to reading the EEPROM data memory are: memory.
1. Write the address to EEADR. Make sure that the 5. Set the WREN bit to enable program operations.
address is not larger than the memory size of 6. Disable interrupts (if enabled).
the device. 7. Execute the special five instruction sequence:
2. Clear the EEPGD bit to point to EEPROM data • Write 55h to EECON2 in two steps (first
memory. to W, then to EECON2)
3. Set the RD bit to start the read operation. • Write AAh to EECON2 in two steps (first
4. Read the data from the EEDATA register. to W, then to EECON2)
• Set the WR bit
EXAMPLE 3-1: DATA EEPROM READ 8. Enable interrupts (if using interrupts).
BSF STATUS,RP1 ; 9. Clear the WREN bit to disable program
BCF STATUS,RP0 ; Bank 2 operations.
MOVF DATA_EE_ADDR,W ; Data Memory
10. At the completion of the write cycle, the WR bit
MOVWF EEADR ; Address to read
is cleared and the EEIF interrupt flag bit is set.
BSF STATUS,RP0 ; Bank 3
BCF EECON1,EEPGD ; Point to Data (EEIF must be cleared by firmware.) If step 1 is
; memory not implemented, then firmware should check
BSF EECON1,RD ; EE Read for EEIF to be set, or WR to clear, to indicate the
BCF STATUS,RP0 ; Bank 2 end of the program cycle.
MOVF EEDATA,W ; W = EEDATA
EXAMPLE 3-2: DATA EEPROM WRITE
BSF STATUS,RP1 ;
3.4 Writing to Data EEPROM Memory BSF STATUS,RP0
To write an EEPROM data location, the user must first BTFSC EECON1,WR ;Wait for write
write the address to the EEADR register and the data to GOTO $-1 ;to complete
BCF STATUS, RP0 ;Bank 2
the EEDATA register. Then the user must follow a
MOVF DATA_EE_ADDR,W ;Data Memory
specific write sequence to initiate the write for each byte. MOVWF EEADR ;Address to write
The write will not initiate if the write sequence is not MOVF DATA_EE_DATA,W ;Data Memory Value
exactly followed (write 55h to EECON2, write AAh to MOVWF EEDATA ;to write
EECON2, then set WR bit) for each byte. We strongly BSF STATUS,RP0 ;Bank 3
recommend that interrupts be disabled during this BCF EECON1,EEPGD ;Point to DATA
;memory
code segment (see Example 3-2).
BSF EECON1,WREN ;Enable writes
Additionally, the WREN bit in EECON1 must be set to
enable write. This mechanism prevents accidental BCF INTCON,GIE ;Disable INTs.
writes to data EEPROM due to errant (unexpected) MOVLW 55h ;
Sequence

code execution (i.e., lost programs). The user should MOVWF EECON2 ;Write 55h
Required

MOVLW AAh ;
keep the WREN bit clear at all times, except when
MOVWF EECON2 ;Write AAh
updating EEPROM. The WREN bit is not cleared
BSF EECON1,WR ;Set WR bit to
by hardware ;begin write
After a write sequence has been initiated, clearing the BSF INTCON,GIE ;Enable INTs.
WREN bit will not affect this write cycle. The WR bit will BCF EECON1,WREN ;Disable writes
be inhibited from being set unless the WREN bit is set.
At the completion of the write cycle, the WR bit is
cleared in hardware and the EE Write Complete
Interrupt Flag bit (EEIF) is set. The user can either
enable this interrupt or poll this bit. EEIF must be
cleared by software.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 35

PIC16F87XA
3.5 Reading Flash Program Memory ing the “BSF EECON1,RD” instruction to be ignored.
The data is available in the very next cycle in the
To read a program memory location, the user must write EEDATA and EEDATH registers; therefore, it can be
two bytes of the address to the EEADR and EEADRH read as two bytes in the following instructions. EEDATA
registers, set the EEPGD control bit (EECON1<7>) and and EEDATH registers will hold this value until another
then set control bit RD (EECON1<0>). Once the read read or until it is written to by the user (during a write
control bit is set, the program memory Flash controller operation).
will use the next two instruction cycles to read the data.
This causes these two instructions immediately follow-

EXAMPLE 3-3: FLASH PROGRAM READ

BSF STATUS, RP1 ;
BCF STATUS, RP0 ; Bank 2
MOVLW MS_PROG_EE_ADDR ;
MOVWF EEADRH ; MS Byte of Program Address to read
MOVLW LS_PROG_EE_ADDR ;
MOVWF EEADR ; LS Byte of Program Address to read
BSF STATUS, RP0 ; Bank 3
BSF EECON1, EEPGD ; Point to PROGRAM memory
BSF EECON1, RD ; EE Read
Sequence
Required

;
NOP
NOP ; Any instructions here are ignored as program
; memory is read in second cycle after BSF EECON1,RD
;
BCF STATUS, RP0 ; Bank 2
MOVF EEDATA, W ; W = LS Byte of Program EEDATA
MOVWF DATAL ;
MOVF EEDATH, W ; W = MS Byte of Program EEDATA
MOVWF DATAH ;

DS39582B-page 36  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
3.6 Writing to Flash Program Memory To transfer data from the buffer registers to the program
memory, the EEADR and EEADRH must point to the last
Flash program memory may only be written to if the location in the four-word block (EEADR<1:0> = 11).
destination address is in a segment of memory that is Then the following sequence of events must be
not write-protected, as defined in bits WRT1:WRT0 of executed:
the device configuration word (Register 14-1). Flash
program memory must be written in four-word blocks. A 1. Set the EEPGD control bit (EECON1<7>).
block consists of four words with sequential addresses, 2. Write 55h, then AAh, to EECON2 (Flash
with a lower boundary defined by an address, where programming sequence).
EEADR<1:0> = 00. At the same time, all block writes to 3. Set control bit WR (EECON1<1>) to begin the
program memory are done as erase and write opera- write operation.
tions. The write operation is edge-aligned and cannot The user must follow the same specific sequence to ini-
occur across boundaries. tiate the write for each word in the program block, writ-
To write program data, it must first be loaded into the ing each program word in sequence (00,01,10,11).
buffer registers (see Figure 3-1). This is accomplished When the write is performed on the last word
by first writing the destination address to EEADR and (EEADR<1:0> = 11), the block of four words are
EEADRH and then writing the data to EEDATA and automatically erased and the contents of the buffer
EEDATH. After the address and data have been set up, registers are written into the program memory.
then the following sequence of events must be After the “BSF EECON1,WR” instruction, the processor
executed: requires two cycles to set up the erase/write operation.
1. Set the EEPGD control bit (EECON1<7>). The user must place two NOP instructions after the WR
2. Write 55h, then AAh, to EECON2 (Flash bit is set. Since data is being written to buffer registers,
programming sequence). the writing of the first three words of the block appears
3. Set the WR control bit (EECON1<1>). to occur immediately. The processor will halt internal
operations for the typical 4 ms, only during the cycle in
All four buffer register locations MUST be written to with which the erase takes place (i.e., the last word of the
correct data. If only one, two or three words are being four-word block). This is not Sleep mode as the clocks
written to in the block of four words, then a read from and peripherals will continue to run. After the write
the program memory location(s) not being written to cycle, the processor will resume operation with the third
must be performed. This takes the data from the pro- instruction after the EECON1 write instruction. If the
gram location(s) not being written and loads it into the sequence is performed to any other location, the action
EEDATA and EEDATH registers. Then the sequence of is ignored.
events to transfer data to the buffer registers must be
executed.

FIGURE 3-1: BLOCK WRITES TO FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY

7 5 0 7 0
EEDATH EEDATA Four words of
Flash are erased,
then all buffers
6 8 are transferred
to Flash
automatically
First word of block after this word
to be written is written

14 14 14 14

EEADR<1:0> = 00 EEADR<1:0> = 01 EEADR<1:0> = 10 EEADR<1:0> = 11

Buffer Register Buffer Register Buffer Register Buffer Register

Program Memory

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 37

PIC16F87XA
An example of the complete four-word write sequence
is shown in Example 3-4. The initial address is loaded
into the EEADRH:EEADR register pair; the four words
of data are loaded using indirect addressing.

EXAMPLE 3-4: WRITING TO FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY

; This write routine assumes the following:
;
; 1. A valid starting address (the least significant bits = ‘00’)is loaded in ADDRH:ADDRL
; 2. The 8 bytes of data are loaded, starting at the address in DATADDR
; 3. ADDRH, ADDRL and DATADDR are all located in shared data memory 0x70 - 0x7f
;
BSF STATUS,RP1 ;
BCF STATUS,RP0 ; Bank 2
MOVF ADDRH,W ; Load initial address
MOVWF EEADRH ;
MOVF ADDRL,W ;
MOVWF EEADR ;
MOVF DATAADDR,W ; Load initial data address
MOVWF FSR ;
LOOP MOVF INDF,W ; Load first data byte into lower
MOVWF EEDATA ;
INCF FSR,F ; Next byte
MOVF INDF,W ; Load second data byte into upper
MOVWF EEDATH ;
INCF FSR,F ;
BSF STATUS,RP0 ; Bank 3
BSF EECON1,EEPGD ; Point to program memory
BSF EECON1,WREN ; Enable writes
BCF INTCON,GIE ; Disable interrupts (if using)
MOVLW 55h ; Start of required write sequence:
MOVWF EECON2 ; Write 55h
MOVLW AAh ;
Sequence
Required

MOVWF EECON2 ; Write AAh

BSF EECON1,WR ; Set WR bit to begin write
NOP ; Any instructions here are ignored as processor
; halts to begin write sequence
NOP ; processor will stop here and wait for write complete
; after write processor continues with 3rd instruction
BCF EECON1,WREN ; Disable writes
BSF INTCON,GIE ; Enable interrupts (if using)
BCF STATUS,RP0 ; Bank 2
INCF EEADR,F ; Increment address
MOVF EEADR,W ; Check if lower two bits of address are ‘00’
ANDLW 0x03 ; Indicates when four words have been programmed
XORLW 0x03 ;
BTFSC STATUS,Z ; Exit if more than four words,
GOTO LOOP ; Continue if less than four words

DS39582B-page 38  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
3.7 Protection Against Spurious Write 3.8 Operation During Code-Protect
There are conditions when the device should not write When the data EEPROM is code-protected, the micro-
to the data EEPROM or Flash program memory. To controller can read and write to the EEPROM normally.
protect against spurious writes, various mechanisms However, all external access to the EEPROM is
have been built-in. On power-up, WREN is cleared. disabled. External write access to the program memory
Also, the Power-up Timer (72 ms duration) prevents an is also disabled.
EEPROM write. When program memory is code-protected, the microcon-
The write initiate sequence and the WREN bit together troller can read and write to program memory normally,
help prevent an accidental write during brown-out, as well as execute instructions. Writes by the device may
power glitch or software malfunction. be selectively inhibited to regions of the memory depend-
ing on the setting of bits WR1:WR0 of the configuration
word (see Section 14.1 “Configuration Bits” for addi-
tional information). External access to the memory is also
disabled.

TABLE 3-1: REGISTERS/BITS ASSOCIATED WITH DATA EEPROM AND

FLASH PROGRAM MEMORIES
Value on Value on
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Power-on all other
Reset Resets
10Ch EEDATA EEPROM/Flash Data Register Low Byte xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
10Dh EEADR EEPROM/Flash Address Register Low Byte xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
10Eh EEDATH — — EEPROM/Flash Data Register High Byte xxxx xxxx ---0 q000
10Fh EEADRH — — — EEPROM/Flash Address Register High Byte xxxx xxxx ---- ----
18Ch EECON1 EEPGD — — — WRERR WREN WR RD x--- x000 ---0 q000
18Dh EECON2 EEPROM Control Register 2 (not a physical register) ---- ---- ---- ----
0Dh PIR2 — CMIF — EEIF BCLIF — — CCP2IF -0-0 0--0 -0-0 0--0
8Dh PIE2 — CMIE — EEIE BCLIE — — CCP2IE -0-0 0--0 -0-0 0--0
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented, read as ‘0’, q = value depends upon condition.
Shaded cells are not used by data EEPROM or Flash program memory.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 39

PIC16F87XA
NOTES:

DS39582B-page 40  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
4.0 I/O PORTS EXAMPLE 4-1: INITIALIZING PORTA
BCF STATUS, RP0 ;
Some pins for these I/O ports are multiplexed with an BCF STATUS, RP1 ; Bank0
alternate function for the peripheral features on the CLRF PORTA ; Initialize PORTA by
device. In general, when a peripheral is enabled, that ; clearing output
pin may not be used as a general purpose I/O pin. ; data latches
Additional information on I/O ports may be found in the BSF STATUS, RP0 ; Select Bank 1
MOVLW 0x06 ; Configure all pins
PICmicro™ Mid-Range Reference Manual (DS33023).
MOVWF ADCON1 ; as digital inputs
MOVLW 0xCF ; Value used to
4.1 PORTA and the TRISA Register ; initialize data
; direction
PORTA is a 6-bit wide, bidirectional port. The corre- MOVWF TRISA ; Set RA<3:0> as inputs
sponding data direction register is TRISA. Setting a ; RA<5:4> as outputs
TRISA bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTA pin ; TRISA<7:6>are always
an input (i.e., put the corresponding output driver in a ; read as '0'.
High-Impedance mode). Clearing a TRISA bit (= 0) will
make the corresponding PORTA pin an output (i.e., put
the contents of the output latch on the selected pin). FIGURE 4-1: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF
Reading the PORTA register reads the status of the RA3:RA0 PINS
pins, whereas writing to it will write to the port latch. All Data Data Latch
write operations are read-modify-write operations. Bus
D Q
Therefore, a write to a port implies that the port pins are
read, the value is modified and then written to the port VDD
WR
data latch. PORTA
Q
CK
P I/O pin(1)
Pin RA4 is multiplexed with the Timer0 module clock
input to become the RA4/T0CKI pin. The RA4/T0CKI TRIS Latch
pin is a Schmitt Trigger input and an open-drain output. N
D Q
All other PORTA pins have TTL input levels and full
CMOS output drivers. WR
TRISA VSS
Other PORTA pins are multiplexed with analog inputs CK Q
Analog
and the analog VREF input for both the A/D converters Input
and the comparators. The operation of each pin is Mode
selected by clearing/setting the appropriate control bits
in the ADCON1 and/or CMCON registers. RD
TRISA TTL
Note: On a Power-on Reset, these pins are con- Input
figured as analog inputs and read as ‘0’. Buffer
Q D
The comparators are in the off (digital)
state.
The TRISA register controls the direction of the port EN
pins even when they are being used as analog inputs.
The user must ensure the bits in the TRISA register are
RD PORTA
maintained set when using them as analog inputs.

To A/D Converter or Comparator

Note 1: I/O pins have protection diodes to VDD and VSS.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 41

PIC16F87XA
FIGURE 4-2: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RA4/T0CKI PIN
CMCON<2:0> = x01 or 011
C1OUT

Data Latch
Data Bus D Q 1

N I/O pin(1)
WR PORTA CK Q 0

TRIS Latch VSS

D Q

WR TRISA Schmitt
CK Q Trigger
Input
Buffer

RD TRISA

Q D

ENEN
RD PORTA
TMR0 Clock Input

Note 1: I/O pin has protection diodes to VSS only.

FIGURE 4-3: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RA5 PIN

CMCON<2:0> = 011 or 101
C2OUT

Data Latch
Data Bus 1 VDD
D Q

WR PORTA P
CK Q 0

TRIS Latch N I/O pin(1)

D Q Analog
IIP Mode
WR TRISA
CK Q VSS TTL
Input
Buffer

RD TRISA

Q D

ENEN
RD PORTA

A/D Converter or SS Input

Note 1: I/O pin has protection diodes to VDD and VSS.

DS39582B-page 42  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
TABLE 4-1: PORTA FUNCTIONS
Name Bit# Buffer Function
RA0/AN0 bit 0 TTL Input/output or analog input.
RA1/AN1 bit 1 TTL Input/output or analog input.
RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF bit 2 TTL Input/output or analog input or VREF- or CVREF.
RA3/AN3/VREF+ bit 3 TTL Input/output or analog input or VREF+.
RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT bit 4 ST Input/output or external clock input for Timer0 or comparator output.
Output is open-drain type.
RA5/AN4/SS/C2OUT bit 5 TTL Input/output or analog input or slave select input for synchronous serial
port or comparator output.
Legend: TTL = TTL input, ST = Schmitt Trigger input

TABLE 4-2: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTA

Value on
Value on:
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 all other
POR, BOR
Resets
05h PORTA — — RA5 RA4 RA3 RA2 RA1 RA0 --0x 0000 --0u 0000
85h TRISA — — PORTA Data Direction Register --11 1111 --11 1111
9Ch CMCON C2OUT C1OUT C2INV C1INV CIS CM2 CM1 CM0 0000 0111 0000 0111
9Dh CVRCON CVREN CVROE CVRR — CVR3 CVR2 CVR1 CVR0 000- 0000 000- 0000
9Fh ADCON1 ADFM ADCS2 — — PCFG3 PCFG2 PCFG1 PCFG0 00-- 0000 00-- 0000
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented locations read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by PORTA.

Note: When using the SSP module in SPI Slave mode and SS enabled, the A/D converter must be set to one of
the following modes, where PCFG3:PCFG0 = 0100, 0101, 011x, 1101, 1110, 1111.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 43

PIC16F87XA
4.2 PORTB and the TRISB Register This interrupt can wake the device from Sleep. The
user, in the Interrupt Service Routine, can clear the
PORTB is an 8-bit wide, bidirectional port. The corre- interrupt in the following manner:
sponding data direction register is TRISB. Setting a
TRISB bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTB a) Any read or write of PORTB. This will end the
pin an input (i.e., put the corresponding output driver in mismatch condition.
a High-Impedance mode). Clearing a TRISB bit (= 0) b) Clear flag bit RBIF.
will make the corresponding PORTB pin an output (i.e., A mismatch condition will continue to set flag bit RBIF.
put the contents of the output latch on the selected pin). Reading PORTB will end the mismatch condition and
Three pins of PORTB are multiplexed with the In-Circuit allow flag bit RBIF to be cleared.
Debugger and Low-Voltage Programming function: The interrupt-on-change feature is recommended for
RB3/PGM, RB6/PGC and RB7/PGD. The alternate wake-up on key depression operation and operations
functions of these pins are described in Section 14.0 where PORTB is only used for the interrupt-on-change
“Special Features of the CPU”. feature. Polling of PORTB is not recommended while
Each of the PORTB pins has a weak internal pull-up. A using the interrupt-on-change feature.
single control bit can turn on all the pull-ups. This is per- This interrupt-on-mismatch feature, together with soft-
formed by clearing bit RBPU (OPTION_REG<7>). The ware configurable pull-ups on these four pins, allow
weak pull-up is automatically turned off when the port easy interface to a keypad and make it possible for
pin is configured as an output. The pull-ups are wake-up on key depression. Refer to the application
disabled on a Power-on Reset. note, AN552, “Implementing Wake-up on Key Stroke”
(DS00552).
FIGURE 4-4: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RB0/INT is an external interrupt input pin and is
RB3:RB0 PINS configured using the INTEDG bit (OPTION_REG<6>).
VDD
RBPU(2)
RB0/INT is discussed in detail in Section 14.11.1 “INT
Weak Interrupt”.
P Pull-up
Data Latch
Data Bus
D Q FIGURE 4-5: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF
WR Port
I/O pin(1) RB7:RB4 PINS
CK
VDD
TRIS Latch
RBPU(2) Weak
D Q P Pull-up
TTL
WR TRIS Input Data Latch
CK Buffer Data Bus
D Q
I/O pin(1)
WR Port CK
RD TRIS
TRIS Latch
Q D D Q

RD Port WR TRIS TTL

EN CK Input
Buffer ST
RB0/INT Buffer
RB3/PGM
RD TRIS
Latch
Schmitt Trigger RD Port
Buffer Q D
RD Port
Note 1: I/O pins have diode protection to VDD and VSS. EN Q1
2: To enable weak pull-ups, set the appropriate TRIS Set RBIF
bit(s) and clear the RBPU bit (OPTION_REG<7>).

Q D
Four of the PORTB pins, RB7:RB4, have an interrupt- RD Port
From other
on-change feature. Only pins configured as inputs can RB7:RB4 pins EN
cause this interrupt to occur (i.e., any RB7:RB4 pin Q3
configured as an output is excluded from the interrupt- RB7:RB6
on-change comparison). The input pins (of RB7:RB4) In Serial Programming Mode
are compared with the old value latched on the last Note 1: I/O pins have diode protection to VDD and VSS.
read of PORTB. The “mismatch” outputs of RB7:RB4 2: To enable weak pull-ups, set the appropriate TRIS
are OR’ed together to generate the RB port change bit(s) and clear the RBPU bit (OPTION_REG<7>).
interrupt with flag bit RBIF (INTCON<0>).

DS39582B-page 44  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
TABLE 4-3: PORTB FUNCTIONS
Name Bit# Buffer Function
RB0/INT bit 0 TTL/ST(1) Input/output pin or external interrupt input. Internal software programmable
weak pull-up.
RB1 bit 1 TTL Input/output pin. Internal software programmable weak pull-up.
RB2 bit 2 TTL Input/output pin. Internal software programmable weak pull-up.
(3)
RB3/PGM bit 3 TTL Input/output pin or programming pin in LVP mode. Internal software
programmable weak pull-up.
RB4 bit 4 TTL Input/output pin (with interrupt-on-change). Internal software programmable
weak pull-up.
RB5 bit 5 TTL Input/output pin (with interrupt-on-change). Internal software programmable
weak pull-up.
RB6/PGC bit 6 TTL/ST(2) Input/output pin (with interrupt-on-change) or in-circuit debugger pin.
Internal software programmable weak pull-up. Serial programming clock.
RB7/PGD bit 7 TTL/ST(2) Input/output pin (with interrupt-on-change) or in-circuit debugger pin.
Internal software programmable weak pull-up. Serial programming data.
Legend: TTL = TTL input, ST = Schmitt Trigger input
Note 1: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured as the external interrupt.
2: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when used in Serial Programming mode or in-circuit debugger.
3: Low-Voltage ICSP Programming (LVP) is enabled by default which disables the RB3 I/O function. LVP
must be disabled to enable RB3 as an I/O pin and allow maximum compatibility to the other 28-pin and
40-pin mid-range devices.

TABLE 4-4: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTB

Value on
Value on:
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 all other
POR, BOR
Resets
06h, 106h PORTB RB7 RB6 RB5 RB4 RB3 RB2 RB1 RB0 xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
86h, 186h TRISB PORTB Data Direction Register 1111 1111 1111 1111
81h, 181h OPTION_REG RBPU INTEDG T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0 1111 1111 1111 1111
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged. Shaded cells are not used by PORTB.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 45

PIC16F87XA
4.3 PORTC and the TRISC Register FIGURE 4-7: PORTC BLOCK DIAGRAM
(PERIPHERAL OUTPUT
PORTC is an 8-bit wide, bidirectional port. The corre-
OVERRIDE) RC<4:3>
sponding data direction register is TRISC. Setting a
TRISC bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTC Port/Peripheral Select(2)
pin an input (i.e., put the corresponding output driver in
a High-Impedance mode). Clearing a TRISC bit (= 0) Peripheral Data Out
0
will make the corresponding PORTC pin an output (i.e., VDD
Data Bus
put the contents of the output latch on the selected pin). D Q P
WR Port 1
PORTC is multiplexed with several peripheral functions CK Q
(Table 4-5). PORTC pins have Schmitt Trigger input Data Latch
buffers. I/O
D Q pin(1)
When the I2C module is enabled, the PORTC<4:3>
WR TRIS
pins can be configured with normal I2C levels, or with CK Q N
SMBus levels, by using the CKE bit (SSPSTAT<6>). TRIS Latch
VSS
When enabling peripheral functions, care should be
taken in defining TRIS bits for each PORTC pin. Some RD TRIS
Schmitt
peripherals override the TRIS bit to make a pin an Trigger
output, while other peripherals override the TRIS bit to Peripheral
OE(3) Q D
make a pin an input. Since the TRIS bit override is in Schmitt
Trigger
effect while the peripheral is enabled, read-modify- EN with
write instructions (BSF, BCF, XORWF) with TRISC as the RD Port
SMBus
0 Levels
destination, should be avoided. The user should refer SSP Input
to the corresponding peripheral section for the correct
TRIS bit settings. 1

CKE
FIGURE 4-6: PORTC BLOCK DIAGRAM SSPSTAT<6>
(PERIPHERAL OUTPUT
Note 1: I/O pins have diode protection to VDD and VSS.
OVERRIDE) RC<2:0>, 2: Port/Peripheral Select signal selects between port data
RC<7:5> and peripheral output.
3: Peripheral OE (Output Enable) is only activated if
Peripheral Select is active.
Port/Peripheral Select(2)

Peripheral Data Out

0 VDD
Data Bus
D Q
P
WR Port CK Q 1

Data Latch
I/O
D Q pin(1)
WR TRIS CK Q N
TRIS Latch
VSS
RD TRIS
Schmitt
Trigger
Peripheral
OE(3) Q D

EN
RD Port

Peripheral Input

Note 1: I/O pins have diode protection to VDD and VSS.

2: Port/Peripheral Select signal selects between port
data and peripheral output.
3: Peripheral OE (Output Enable) is only activated if
Peripheral Select is active.

DS39582B-page 46  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
TABLE 4-5: PORTC FUNCTIONS
Name Bit# Buffer Type Function
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI bit 0 ST Input/output port pin or Timer1 oscillator output/Timer1 clock input.
RC1/T1OSI/CCP2 bit 1 ST Input/output port pin or Timer1 oscillator input or Capture2 input/
Compare2 output/PWM2 output.
RC2/CCP1 bit 2 ST Input/output port pin or Capture1 input/Compare1 output/
PWM1 output.
RC3/SCK/SCL bit 3 ST RC3 can also be the synchronous serial clock for both SPI and
I2C modes.
RC4/SDI/SDA bit 4 ST RC4 can also be the SPI data in (SPI mode) or data I/O (I2C mode).
RC5/SDO bit 5 ST Input/output port pin or Synchronous Serial Port data output.
RC6/TX/CK bit 6 ST Input/output port pin or USART asynchronous transmit or
synchronous clock.
RC7/RX/DT bit 7 ST Input/output port pin or USART asynchronous receive or
synchronous data.
Legend: ST = Schmitt Trigger input

TABLE 4-6: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTC

Value on
Value on:
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 all other
POR, BOR
Resets
07h PORTC RC7 RC6 RC5 RC4 RC3 RC2 RC1 RC0 xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
87h TRISC PORTC Data Direction Register 1111 1111 1111 1111
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 47

PIC16F87XA
4.4 PORTD and TRISD Registers FIGURE 4-8: PORTD BLOCK DIAGRAM
(IN I/O PORT MODE)
Note: PORTD and TRISD are not implemented
on the 28-pin devices. Data Data Latch
Bus D Q
PORTD is an 8-bit port with Schmitt Trigger input
WR I/O pin(1)
buffers. Each pin is individually configurable as an input Port
CK
or output.
PORTD can be configured as an 8-bit wide TRIS Latch
microprocessor port (Parallel Slave Port) by setting D Q
control bit, PSPMODE (TRISE<4>). In this mode, the WR
input buffers are TTL. TRIS Schmitt
CK
Trigger
Input
Buffer

RD
TRIS

Q D

ENEN

RD Port

Note 1: I/O pins have protection diodes to VDD and VSS.

TABLE 4-7: PORTD FUNCTIONS

Name Bit# Buffer Type Function
RD0/PSP0 bit 0 ST/TTL(1) Input/output port pin or Parallel Slave Port bit 0.
RD1/PSP1 bit 1 ST/TTL(1) Input/output port pin or Parallel Slave Port bit 1.
RD2/PSP2 bit2 ST/TTL(1) Input/output port pin or Parallel Slave Port bit 2.
RD3/PSP3 bit 3 ST/TTL(1) Input/output port pin or Parallel Slave Port bit 3.
RD4/PSP4 bit 4 ST/TTL(1) Input/output port pin or Parallel Slave Port bit 4.
RD5/PSP5 bit 5 ST/TTL(1) Input/output port pin or Parallel Slave Port bit 5.
(1)
RD6/PSP6 bit 6 ST/TTL Input/output port pin or Parallel Slave Port bit 6.
RD7/PSP7 bit 7 ST/TTL(1) Input/output port pin or Parallel Slave Port bit 7.
Legend: ST = Schmitt Trigger input, TTL = TTL input
Note 1: Input buffers are Schmitt Triggers when in I/O mode and TTL buffers when in Parallel Slave Port mode.

TABLE 4-8: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTD

Value on
Value on:
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 all other
POR, BOR
Resets
08h PORTD RD7 RD6 RD5 RD4 RD3 RD2 RD1 RD0 xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
88h TRISD PORTD Data Direction Register 1111 1111 1111 1111
89h TRISE IBF OBF IBOV PSPMODE — PORTE Data Direction Bits 0000 -111 0000 -111
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by PORTD.

DS39582B-page 48  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
4.5 PORTE and TRISE Register FIGURE 4-9: PORTE BLOCK DIAGRAM
(IN I/O PORT MODE)
Note: PORTE and TRISE are not implemented
on the 28-pin devices. Data Data Latch
Bus D Q
PORTE has three pins (RE0/RD/AN5, RE1/WR/AN6
and RE2/CS/AN7) which are individually configurable WR
I/O pin(1)
Port
as inputs or outputs. These pins have Schmitt Trigger CK
input buffers.
TRIS Latch
The PORTE pins become the I/O control inputs for the D Q
microprocessor port when bit PSPMODE (TRISE<4>) is WR
set. In this mode, the user must make certain that the TRIS
CK Schmitt
TRISE<2:0> bits are set and that the pins are configured Trigger
Input
as digital inputs. Also, ensure that ADCON1 is config- Buffer
ured for digital I/O. In this mode, the input buffers are
RD
TTL. TRIS
Register 4-1 shows the TRISE register which also
controls the Parallel Slave Port operation.
Q D
PORTE pins are multiplexed with analog inputs. When
selected for analog input, these pins will read as ‘0’s. ENEN
TRISE controls the direction of the RE pins, even when RD Port
they are being used as analog inputs. The user must
make sure to keep the pins configured as inputs when
using them as analog inputs. Note 1: I/O pins have protection diodes to VDD and VSS.

Note: On a Power-on Reset, these pins are

configured as analog inputs and read as ‘0’.

TABLE 4-9: PORTE FUNCTIONS

Name Bit# Buffer Type Function
I/O port pin or read control input in Parallel Slave Port mode or analog input:
RD
RE0/RD/AN5 bit 0 ST/TTL(1) 1 = Idle
0 = Read operation. Contents of PORTD register are output to PORTD
I/O pins (if chip selected).
I/O port pin or write control input in Parallel Slave Port mode or analog input:
WR
RE1/WR/AN6 bit 1 ST/TTL(1) 1 = Idle
0 = Write operation. Value of PORTD I/O pins is latched into PORTD
register (if chip selected).
I/O port pin or chip select control input in Parallel Slave Port mode or analog input:
CS
RE2/CS/AN7 bit 2 ST/TTL(1)
1 = Device is not selected
0 = Device is selected
Legend: ST = Schmitt Trigger input, TTL = TTL input
Note 1: Input buffers are Schmitt Triggers when in I/O mode and TTL buffers when in Parallel Slave Port mode.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 49

PIC16F87XA
TABLE 4-10: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTE
Value on
Value on:
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 all other
POR, BOR
Resets
09h PORTE — — — — — RE2 RE1 RE0 ---- -xxx ---- -uuu
89h TRISE IBF OBF IBOV PSPMODE — PORTE Data Direction bits 0000 -111 0000 -111
9Fh ADCON1 ADFM ADCS2 — — PCFG3 PCFG2 PCFG1 PCFG0 00-- 0000 00-- 0000
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by PORTE.

REGISTER 4-1: TRISE REGISTER (ADDRESS 89h)

R-0 R-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1
IBF OBF IBOV PSPMODE — Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
bit 7 bit 0

Parallel Slave Port Status/Control Bits:

bit 7 IBF: Input Buffer Full Status bit
1 = A word has been received and is waiting to be read by the CPU
0 = No word has been received
bit 6 OBF: Output Buffer Full Status bit
1 = The output buffer still holds a previously written word
0 = The output buffer has been read
bit 5 IBOV: Input Buffer Overflow Detect bit (in Microprocessor mode)
1 = A write occurred when a previously input word has not been read (must be cleared in
software)
0 = No overflow occurred
bit 4 PSPMODE: Parallel Slave Port Mode Select bit
1 = PORTD functions in Parallel Slave Port mode
0 = PORTD functions in general purpose I/O mode
bit 3 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
PORTE Data Direction Bits:
bit 2 Bit 2: Direction Control bit for pin RE2/CS/AN7
1 = Input
0 = Output
bit 1 Bit 1: Direction Control bit for pin RE1/WR/AN6
1 = Input
0 = Output
bit 0 Bit 0: Direction Control bit for pin RE0/RD/AN5
1 = Input
0 = Output

Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

DS39582B-page 50  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
4.6 Parallel Slave Port When not in PSP mode, the IBF and OBF bits are held
clear. However, if flag bit IBOV was previously set, it
The Parallel Slave Port (PSP) is not implemented on must be cleared in firmware.
the PIC16F873A or PIC16F876A.
An interrupt is generated and latched into flag bit
PORTD operates as an 8-bit wide Parallel Slave Port, PSPIF when a read or write operation is completed.
or microprocessor port, when control bit PSPMODE PSPIF must be cleared by the user in firmware and the
(TRISE<4>) is set. In Slave mode, it is asynchronously interrupt can be disabled by clearing the interrupt
readable and writable by the external world through RD enable bit PSPIE (PIE1<7>).
control input pin, RE0/RD/AN5, and WR control input
pin, RE1/WR/AN6.
FIGURE 4-10: PORTD AND PORTE
The PSP can directly interface to an 8-bit BLOCK DIAGRAM
microprocessor data bus. The external microprocessor (PARALLEL SLAVE PORT)
can read or write the PORTD latch as an 8-bit latch.
Setting bit PSPMODE enables port pin RE0/RD/AN5 to
be the RD input, RE1/WR/AN6 to be the WR input and Data Bus
D Q
RE2/CS/AN7 to be the CS (Chip Select) input. For this
functionality, the corresponding data direction bits of WR RDx pin
Port
the TRISE register (TRISE<2:0>) must be configured CK
as inputs (set). The A/D port configuration bits, TTL
PCFG3:PCFG0 (ADCON1<3:0>), must be set to
Q D
configure pins RE2:RE0 as digital I/O.
There are actually two 8-bit latches: one for data output RD Port ENEN
and one for data input. The user writes 8-bit data to the
PORTD data latch and reads data from the port pin
One bit of PORTD
latch (note that they have the same address). In this
mode, the TRISD register is ignored since the external Set Interrupt Flag
device is controlling the direction of data flow. PSPIF (PIR1<7>)

A write to the PSP occurs when both the CS and WR

lines are first detected low. When either the CS or WR
lines become high (level triggered), the Input Buffer Full
(IBF) status flag bit (TRISE<7>) is set on the Q4 clock Read
TTL RD
cycle, following the next Q2 cycle, to signal the write is
complete (Figure 4-11). The interrupt flag bit, PSPIF Chip Select
TTL CS
(PIR1<7>), is also set on the same Q4 clock cycle. IBF
can only be cleared by reading the PORTD input latch. Write
The Input Buffer Overflow (IBOV) status flag bit TTL WR
(TRISE<5>) is set if a second write to the PSP is
attempted when the previous byte has not been read Note 1: I/O pins have protection diodes to VDD and VSS.
out of the buffer.
A read from the PSP occurs when both the CS and RD
lines are first detected low. The Output Buffer Full
(OBF) status flag bit (TRISE<6>) is cleared
immediately (Figure 4-12), indicating that the PORTD
latch is waiting to be read by the external bus. When
either the CS or RD pin becomes high (level triggered),
the interrupt flag bit PSPIF is set on the Q4 clock cycle,
following the next Q2 cycle, indicating that the read is
complete. OBF remains low until data is written to
PORTD by the user firmware.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 51

PIC16F87XA
FIGURE 4-11: PARALLEL SLAVE PORT WRITE WAVEFORMS

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

CS

WR

RD

PORTD<7:0>

IBF

OBF

PSPIF

FIGURE 4-12: PARALLEL SLAVE PORT READ WAVEFORMS

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

CS

WR

RD

PORTD<7:0>

IBF

OBF

PSPIF

TABLE 4-11: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PARALLEL SLAVE PORT

Value on
Value on:
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 all other
POR, BOR
Resets
08h PORTD Port Data Latch when written; Port pins when read xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
09h PORTE — — — — — RE2 RE1 RE0 ---- -xxx ---- -uuu
89h TRISE IBF OBF IBOV PSPMODE — PORTE Data Direction bits 0000 -111 0000 -111
0Ch PIR1 PSPIF(1) ADIF RCIF TXIF SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 0000 0000 0000 0000
8Ch PIE1 PSPIE(1) ADIE RCIE TXIE SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 0000 0000 0000 0000
9Fh ADCON1 ADFM ADCS2 — — PCFG3 PCFG2 PCFG1 PCFG0 00-- 0000 00-- 0000
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by the Parallel Slave Port.
Note 1: Bits PSPIE and PSPIF are reserved on the PIC16F873A/876A; always maintain these bits clear.

DS39582B-page 52  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
5.0 TIMER0 MODULE Counter mode is selected by setting bit T0CS
(OPTION_REG<5>). In Counter mode, Timer0 will
The Timer0 module timer/counter has the following increment either on every rising or falling edge of pin
features: RA4/T0CKI. The incrementing edge is determined by
• 8-bit timer/counter the Timer0 Source Edge Select bit, T0SE
• Readable and writable (OPTION_REG<4>). Clearing bit T0SE selects the ris-
ing edge. Restrictions on the external clock input are
• 8-bit software programmable prescaler
discussed in detail in Section 5.2 “Using Timer0 with
• Internal or external clock select an External Clock”.
• Interrupt on overflow from FFh to 00h
The prescaler is mutually exclusively shared between
• Edge select for external clock the Timer0 module and the Watchdog Timer. The
Figure 5-1 is a block diagram of the Timer0 module and prescaler is not readable or writable. Section 5.3
the prescaler shared with the WDT. “Prescaler” details the operation of the prescaler.
Additional information on the Timer0 module is
available in the PICmicro® Mid-Range MCU Family 5.1 Timer0 Interrupt
Reference Manual (DS33023). The TMR0 interrupt is generated when the TMR0
Timer mode is selected by clearing bit T0CS register overflows from FFh to 00h. This overflow sets
(OPTION_REG<5>). In Timer mode, the Timer0 bit TMR0IF (INTCON<2>). The interrupt can be
module will increment every instruction cycle (without masked by clearing bit TMR0IE (INTCON<5>). Bit
prescaler). If the TMR0 register is written, the incre- TMR0IF must be cleared in software by the Timer0
ment is inhibited for the following two instruction cycles. module Interrupt Service Routine before re-enabling
The user can work around this by writing an adjusted this interrupt. The TMR0 interrupt cannot awaken the
value to the TMR0 register. processor from Sleep since the timer is shut-off during
Sleep.

FIGURE 5-1: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE TIMER0/WDT PRESCALER

CLKO (= FOSC/4)
Data Bus

8
M 1
0
RA4/T0CKI U M Sync
pin X U
1 0 2 TMR0 Reg
X Cycles

T0SE
T0CS
PSA Set Flag bit TMR0IF
on Overflow

PRESCALER

0
M 8-bit Prescaler
U
Watchdog 1 X 8
Timer

8-to-1 MUX PS2:PS0

PSA

0 1
WDT Enable bit
MUX PSA

WDT
Time-out

Note: T0CS, T0SE, PSA, PS2:PS0 are (OPTION_REG<5:0>).

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 53

PIC16F87XA
5.2 Using Timer0 with an External Timer0 module means that there is no prescaler for the
Clock Watchdog Timer and vice versa. This prescaler is not
readable or writable (see Figure 5-1).
When no prescaler is used, the external clock input is
The PSA and PS2:PS0 bits (OPTION_REG<3:0>)
the same as the prescaler output. The synchronization
determine the prescaler assignment and prescale ratio.
of T0CKI with the internal phase clocks is accom-
plished by sampling the prescaler output on the Q2 and When assigned to the Timer0 module, all instructions
Q4 cycles of the internal phase clocks. Therefore, it is writing to the TMR0 register (e.g., CLRF 1, MOVWF 1,
necessary for T0CKI to be high for at least 2 TOSC (and BSF 1,x....etc.) will clear the prescaler. When assigned
a small RC delay of 20 ns) and low for at least 2 TOSC to WDT, a CLRWDT instruction will clear the prescaler
(and a small RC delay of 20 ns). Refer to the electrical along with the Watchdog Timer. The prescaler is not
specification of the desired device. readable or writable.
Note: Writing to TMR0 when the prescaler is
5.3 Prescaler assigned to Timer0 will clear the prescaler
count, but will not change the prescaler
There is only one prescaler available which is mutually
assignment.
exclusively shared between the Timer0 module and the
Watchdog Timer. A prescaler assignment for the

REGISTER 5-1: OPTION_REG REGISTER

R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1
RBPU INTEDG T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0
bit 7 bit 0

bit 7 RBPU
bit 6 INTEDG
bit 5 T0CS: TMR0 Clock Source Select bit
1 = Transition on T0CKI pin
0 = Internal instruction cycle clock (CLKO)
bit 4 T0SE: TMR0 Source Edge Select bit
1 = Increment on high-to-low transition on T0CKI pin
0 = Increment on low-to-high transition on T0CKI pin
bit 3 PSA: Prescaler Assignment bit
1 = Prescaler is assigned to the WDT
0 = Prescaler is assigned to the Timer0 module
bit 2-0 PS2:PS0: Prescaler Rate Select bits
Bit Value TMR0 Rate WDT Rate
000 1:2 1:1
001 1:4 1:2
010 1:8 1:4
011 1 : 16 1:8
100 1 : 32 1 : 16
101 1 : 64 1 : 32
110 1 : 128 1 : 64
111 1 : 256 1 : 128

Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

Note: To avoid an unintended device Reset, the instruction sequence shown in the
PICmicro® Mid-Range MCU Family Reference Manual (DS33023) must be exe-
cuted when changing the prescaler assignment from Timer0 to the WDT. This
sequence must be followed even if the WDT is disabled.

DS39582B-page 54  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
TABLE 5-1: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER0
Value on
Value on:
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 all other
POR, BOR
Resets
01h,101h TMR0 Timer0 Module Register xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
0Bh,8Bh, INTCON GIE PEIE TMR0IE INTE RBIE TMR0IF INTF RBIF 0000 000x 0000 000u
10Bh,18Bh
81h,181h OPTION_REG RBPU INTEDG T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0 1111 1111 1111 1111
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented locations read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by Timer0.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 55

PIC16F87XA
NOTES:

DS39582B-page 56  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
6.0 TIMER1 MODULE In Timer mode, Timer1 increments every instruction
cycle. In Counter mode, it increments on every rising
The Timer1 module is a 16-bit timer/counter consisting edge of the external clock input.
of two 8-bit registers (TMR1H and TMR1L) which are
Timer1 can be enabled/disabled by setting/clearing
readable and writable. The TMR1 register pair
control bit, TMR1ON (T1CON<0>).
(TMR1H:TMR1L) increments from 0000h to FFFFh
and rolls over to 0000h. The TMR1 interrupt, if enabled, Timer1 also has an internal “Reset input”. This Reset
is generated on overflow which is latched in interrupt can be generated by either of the two CCP modules
flag bit, TMR1IF (PIR1<0>). This interrupt can be (Section 8.0 “Capture/Compare/PWM Modules”).
enabled/disabled by setting/clearing TMR1 interrupt Register 6-1 shows the Timer1 Control register.
enable bit, TMR1IE (PIE1<0>). When the Timer1 oscillator is enabled (T1OSCEN is
Timer1 can operate in one of two modes: set), the RC1/T1OSI/CCP2 and RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI
pins become inputs. That is, the TRISC<1:0> value is
• As a Timer
ignored and these pins read as ‘0’.
• As a Counter
Additional information on timer modules is available in
The operating mode is determined by the clock select the PICmicro® Mid-Range MCU Family Reference
bit, TMR1CS (T1CON<1>). Manual (DS33023).

REGISTER 6-1: T1CON: TIMER1 CONTROL REGISTER (ADDRESS 10h)

U-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
— — T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON
bit 7 bit 0

bit 7-6 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 5-4 T1CKPS1:T1CKPS0: Timer1 Input Clock Prescale Select bits
11 = 1:8 prescale value
10 = 1:4 prescale value
01 = 1:2 prescale value
00 = 1:1 prescale value
bit 3 T1OSCEN: Timer1 Oscillator Enable Control bit
1 = Oscillator is enabled
0 = Oscillator is shut-off (the oscillator inverter is turned off to eliminate power drain)
bit 2 T1SYNC: Timer1 External Clock Input Synchronization Control bit
When TMR1CS = 1:
1 = Do not synchronize external clock input
0 = Synchronize external clock input
When TMR1CS = 0:
This bit is ignored. Timer1 uses the internal clock when TMR1CS = 0.
bit 1 TMR1CS: Timer1 Clock Source Select bit
1 = External clock from pin RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI (on the rising edge)
0 = Internal clock (FOSC/4)
bit 0 TMR1ON: Timer1 On bit
1 = Enables Timer1
0 = Stops Timer1

Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 57

PIC16F87XA
6.1 Timer1 Operation in Timer Mode 6.2 Timer1 Counter Operation
Timer mode is selected by clearing the TMR1CS Timer1 may operate in either a Synchronous, or an
(T1CON<1>) bit. In this mode, the input clock to the Asynchronous mode, depending on the setting of the
timer is FOSC/4. The synchronize control bit, T1SYNC TMR1CS bit.
(T1CON<2>), has no effect since the internal clock is When Timer1 is being incremented via an external
always in sync. source, increments occur on a rising edge. After Timer1
is enabled in Counter mode, the module must first have
a falling edge before the counter begins to increment.

FIGURE 6-1: TIMER1 INCREMENTING EDGE

T1CKI
(Default High)

T1CKI
(Default Low)

Note: Arrows indicate counter increments.

6.3 Timer1 Operation in Synchronized If T1SYNC is cleared, then the external clock input is
Counter Mode synchronized with internal phase clocks. The synchro-
nization is done after the prescaler stage. The
Counter mode is selected by setting bit TMR1CS. In prescaler stage is an asynchronous ripple counter.
this mode, the timer increments on every rising edge of
In this configuration, during Sleep mode, Timer1 will not
clock input on pin RC1/T1OSI/CCP2 when bit
increment even if the external clock is present since the
T1OSCEN is set, or on pin RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI when
synchronization circuit is shut-off. The prescaler,
bit T1OSCEN is cleared.
however, will continue to increment.

FIGURE 6-2: TIMER1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Set Flag bit
TMR1IF on
Overflow Synchronized
TMR1 0
Clock Input
TMR1H TMR1L
1
TMR1ON
On/Off
T1SYNC
T1OSC
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI 1
Synchronize
Prescaler
T1OSCEN FOSC/4 1, 2, 4, 8 det
Enable Internal 0
RC1/T1OSI/CCP2(2) Oscillator(1) Clock 2 Q Clock
T1CKPS1:T1CKPS0
TMR1CS

Note 1: When the T1OSCEN bit is cleared, the inverter is turned off. This eliminates power drain.

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 PIC16F87XA
6.4 Timer1 Operation in TABLE 6-1: CAPACITOR SELECTION FOR
Asynchronous Counter Mode THE TIMER1 OSCILLATOR
If control bit T1SYNC (T1CON<2>) is set, the external Osc Type Freq. C1 C2
clock input is not synchronized. The timer continues to LP 32 kHz 33 pF 33 pF
increment asynchronous to the internal phase clocks.
100 kHz 15 pF 15 pF
The timer will continue to run during Sleep and can
generate an interrupt-on-overflow which will wake-up 200 kHz 15 pF 15 pF
the processor. However, special precautions in These values are for design guidance only.
software are needed to read/write the timer.
Crystals Tested:
In Asynchronous Counter mode, Timer1 cannot be
32.768 kHz Epson C-001R32.768K-A ± 20 PPM
used as a time base for capture or compare operations.
100 kHz Epson C-2 100.00 KC-P ± 20 PPM
6.4.1 READING AND WRITING TIMER1 IN 200 kHz STD XTL 200.000 kHz ± 20 PPM
ASYNCHRONOUS COUNTER MODE Note 1: Higher capacitance increases the stability
Reading TMR1H or TMR1L while the timer is running of oscillator but also increases the start-up
from an external asynchronous clock will ensure a valid time.
read (taken care of in hardware). However, the user 2: Since each resonator/crystal has its own
should keep in mind that reading the 16-bit timer in two characteristics, the user should consult
8-bit values itself, poses certain problems, since the the resonator/crystal manufacturer for
timer may overflow between the reads. appropriate values of external
For writes, it is recommended that the user simply stop components.
the timer and write the desired values. A write conten-
tion may occur by writing to the timer registers while the
6.6 Resetting Timer1 Using a CCP
register is incrementing. This may produce an
unpredictable value in the timer register. Trigger Output
Reading the 16-bit value requires some care. If the CCP1 or CCP2 module is configured in Compare
Examples 12-2 and 12-3 in the PICmicro® Mid-Range mode to generate a “special event trigger”
MCU Family Reference Manual (DS33023) show how (CCP1M3:CCP1M0 = 1011), this signal will reset
to read and write Timer1 when it is running in Timer1.
Asynchronous mode.
Note: The special event triggers from the CCP1
and CCP2 modules will not set interrupt
6.5 Timer1 Oscillator flag bit, TMR1IF (PIR1<0>).
A crystal oscillator circuit is built-in between pins T1OSI Timer1 must be configured for either Timer or Synchro-
(input) and T1OSO (amplifier output). It is enabled by nized Counter mode to take advantage of this feature.
setting control bit, T1OSCEN (T1CON<3>). The oscil- If Timer1 is running in Asynchronous Counter mode,
lator is a low-power oscillator, rated up to 200 kHz. It this Reset operation may not work.
will continue to run during Sleep. It is primarily intended In the event that a write to Timer1 coincides with a
for use with a 32 kHz crystal. Table 6-1 shows the special event trigger from CCP1 or CCP2, the write will
capacitor selection for the Timer1 oscillator. take precedence.
The Timer1 oscillator is identical to the LP oscillator. In this mode of operation, the CCPRxH:CCPRxL regis-
The user must provide a software time delay to ensure ter pair effectively becomes the period register for
proper oscillator start-up. Timer1.

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PIC16F87XA
6.7 Resetting of Timer1 Register Pair 6.8 Timer1 Prescaler
(TMR1H, TMR1L) The prescaler counter is cleared on writes to the
TMR1H and TMR1L registers are not reset to 00h on a TMR1H or TMR1L registers.
POR, or any other Reset, except by the CCP1 and
CCP2 special event triggers.
T1CON register is reset to 00h on a Power-on Reset,
or a Brown-out Reset, which shuts off the timer and
leaves a 1:1 prescale. In all other Resets, the register
is unaffected.

TABLE 6-2: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER1 AS A TIMER/COUNTER

Value on
Value on:
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 all other
POR, BOR
Resets
0Bh,8Bh, INTCON GIE PEIE TMR0IE INTE RBIE TMR0IF INTF RBIF 0000 000x 0000 000u
10Bh, 18Bh
0Ch PIR1 PSPIF(1) ADIF RCIF TXIF SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 0000 0000 0000 0000
8Ch PIE1 PSPIE(1) ADIE RCIE TXIE SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 0000 0000 0000 0000
0Eh TMR1L Holding Register for the Least Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Register xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
0Fh TMR1H Holding Register for the Most Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Register xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
10h T1CON — — T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON --00 0000 --uu uuuu
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by the Timer1 module.
Note 1: Bits PSPIE and PSPIF are reserved on the 28-pin devices; always maintain these bits clear.

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 PIC16F87XA
7.0 TIMER2 MODULE Register 7-1 shows the Timer2 Control register.
Additional information on timer modules is available in
Timer2 is an 8-bit timer with a prescaler and a
the PICmicro® Mid-Range MCU Family Reference
postscaler. It can be used as the PWM time base for the
Manual (DS33023).
PWM mode of the CCP module(s). The TMR2 register
is readable and writable and is cleared on any device
Reset. FIGURE 7-1: TIMER2 BLOCK DIAGRAM
The input clock (FOSC/4) has a prescale option of Sets Flag
TMR2
bit TMR2IF Output(1)
1:1, 1:4 or 1:16, selected by control bits
T2CKPS1:T2CKPS0 (T2CON<1:0>).
Reset Prescaler
The Timer2 module has an 8-bit period register, PR2. TMR2 Reg
1:1, 1:4, 1:16
FOSC/4
Timer2 increments from 00h until it matches PR2 and
then resets to 00h on the next increment cycle. PR2 is Postscaler 2
Comparator
1:1 to 1:16 EQ
a readable and writable register. The PR2 register is T2CKPS1:
initialized to FFh upon Reset. 4 PR2 Reg T2CKPS0

The match output of TMR2 goes through a 4-bit T2OUTPS3:

postscaler (which gives a 1:1 to 1:16 scaling inclusive) T2OUTPS0

to generate a TMR2 interrupt (latched in flag bit, Note 1: TMR2 register output can be software selected by the
TMR2IF (PIR1<1>)). SSP module as a baud clock.

Timer2 can be shut-off by clearing control bit, TMR2ON

(T2CON<2>), to minimize power consumption.

REGISTER 7-1: T2CON: TIMER2 CONTROL REGISTER (ADDRESS 12h)

U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
— TOUTPS3 TOUTPS2 TOUTPS1 TOUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0
bit 7 bit 0

bit 7 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 6-3 TOUTPS3:TOUTPS0: Timer2 Output Postscale Select bits
0000 = 1:1 postscale
0001 = 1:2 postscale
0010 = 1:3 postscale
•
•
•
1111 = 1:16 postscale
bit 2 TMR2ON: Timer2 On bit
1 = Timer2 is on
0 = Timer2 is off
bit 1-0 T2CKPS1:T2CKPS0: Timer2 Clock Prescale Select bits
00 = Prescaler is 1
01 = Prescaler is 4
1x = Prescaler is 16

Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

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7.1 Timer2 Prescaler and Postscaler 7.2 Output of TMR2
The prescaler and postscaler counters are cleared The output of TMR2 (before the postscaler) is fed to the
when any of the following occurs: SSP module, which optionally uses it to generate the
• a write to the TMR2 register shift clock.
• a write to the T2CON register
• any device Reset (POR, MCLR Reset, WDT
Reset or BOR)
TMR2 is not cleared when T2CON is written.

TABLE 7-1: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER2 AS A TIMER/COUNTER

Value on
Value on:
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 all other
POR, BOR
Resets
0Bh, 8Bh, INTCON GIE PEIE TMR0IE INTE RBIE TMR0IF INTF RBIF 0000 000x 0000 000u
10Bh, 18Bh
0Ch PIR1 PSPIF(1) ADIF RCIF TXIF SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 0000 0000 0000 0000
8Ch PIE1 PSPIE(1) ADIE RCIE TXIE SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 0000 0000 0000 0000
11h TMR2 Timer2 Module’s Register 0000 0000 0000 0000
12h T2CON — TOUTPS3 TOUTPS2 TOUTPS1 TOUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0 -000 0000 -000 0000
92h PR2 Timer2 Period Register 1111 1111 1111 1111
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by the Timer2 module.
Note 1: Bits PSPIE and PSPIF are reserved on 28-pin devices; always maintain these bits clear.

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 PIC16F87XA
8.0 CAPTURE/COMPARE/PWM CCP2 Module:
MODULES Capture/Compare/PWM Register 2 (CCPR2) is com-
prised of two 8-bit registers: CCPR2L (low byte) and
Each Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) module contains CCPR2H (high byte). The CCP2CON register controls
a 16-bit register which can operate as a: the operation of CCP2. The special event trigger is
• 16-bit Capture register generated by a compare match and will reset Timer1
• 16-bit Compare register and start an A/D conversion (if the A/D module is
enabled).
• PWM Master/Slave Duty Cycle register
Additional information on CCP modules is available in
Both the CCP1 and CCP2 modules are identical in
the PICmicro® Mid-Range MCU Family Reference
operation, with the exception being the operation of the
Manual (DS33023) and in application note AN594,
special event trigger. Table 8-1 and Table 8-2 show the
“Using the CCP Module(s)” (DS00594).
resources and interactions of the CCP module(s). In
the following sections, the operation of a CCP module
is described with respect to CCP1. CCP2 operates the TABLE 8-1: CCP MODE – TIMER
same as CCP1 except where noted. RESOURCES REQUIRED
CCP1 Module: CCP Mode Timer Resource
Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1 (CCPR1) is com- Capture Timer1
prised of two 8-bit registers: CCPR1L (low byte) and Compare Timer1
CCPR1H (high byte). The CCP1CON register controls PWM Timer2
the operation of CCP1. The special event trigger is
generated by a compare match and will reset Timer1.

TABLE 8-2: INTERACTION OF TWO CCP MODULES

CCPx Mode CCPy Mode Interaction
Capture Capture Same TMR1 time base
Capture Compare The compare should be configured for the special event trigger which clears TMR1
Compare Compare The compare(s) should be configured for the special event trigger which clears TMR1
PWM PWM The PWMs will have the same frequency and update rate (TMR2 interrupt)
PWM Capture None
PWM Compare None

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PIC16F87XA
REGISTER 8-1: CCP1CON REGISTER/CCP2CON REGISTER (ADDRESS 17h/1Dh)
U-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
— — CCPxX CCPxY CCPxM3 CCPxM2 CCPxM1 CCPxM0
bit 7 bit 0

bit 7-6 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 5-4 CCPxX:CCPxY: PWM Least Significant bits
Capture mode:
Unused.
Compare mode:
Unused.
PWM mode:
These bits are the two LSbs of the PWM duty cycle. The eight MSbs are found in CCPRxL.
bit 3-0 CCPxM3:CCPxM0: CCPx Mode Select bits
0000 = Capture/Compare/PWM disabled (resets CCPx module)
0100 = Capture mode, every falling edge
0101 = Capture mode, every rising edge
0110 = Capture mode, every 4th rising edge
0111 = Capture mode, every 16th rising edge
1000 = Compare mode, set output on match (CCPxIF bit is set)
1001 = Compare mode, clear output on match (CCPxIF bit is set)
1010 = Compare mode, generate software interrupt on match (CCPxIF bit is set, CCPx pin is
unaffected)
1011 = Compare mode, trigger special event (CCPxIF bit is set, CCPx pin is unaffected); CCP1
resets TMR1; CCP2 resets TMR1 and starts an A/D conversion (if A/D module is
enabled)
11xx = PWM mode

Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

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8.1 Capture Mode 8.1.2 TIMER1 MODE SELECTION
In Capture mode, CCPR1H:CCPR1L captures the Timer1 must be running in Timer mode, or Synchro-
16-bit value of the TMR1 register when an event occurs nized Counter mode, for the CCP module to use the
on pin RC2/CCP1. An event is defined as one of the capture feature. In Asynchronous Counter mode, the
following: capture operation may not work.

• Every falling edge 8.1.3 SOFTWARE INTERRUPT

• Every rising edge
When the Capture mode is changed, a false capture
• Every 4th rising edge interrupt may be generated. The user should keep bit
• Every 16th rising edge CCP1IE (PIE1<2>) clear to avoid false interrupts and
The type of event is configured by control bits, should clear the flag bit, CCP1IF, following any such
CCP1M3:CCP1M0 (CCPxCON<3:0>). When a cap- change in operating mode.
ture is made, the interrupt request flag bit, CCP1IF
(PIR1<2>), is set. The interrupt flag must be cleared in 8.1.4 CCP PRESCALER
software. If another capture occurs before the value in There are four prescaler settings, specified by bits
register CCPR1 is read, the old captured value is CCP1M3:CCP1M0. Whenever the CCP module is
overwritten by the new value. turned off, or the CCP module is not in Capture mode,
the prescaler counter is cleared. Any Reset will clear
8.1.1 CCP PIN CONFIGURATION the prescaler counter.
In Capture mode, the RC2/CCP1 pin should be Switching from one capture prescaler to another may
configured as an input by setting the TRISC<2> bit. generate an interrupt. Also, the prescaler counter will
not be cleared, therefore, the first capture may be from
Note: If the RC2/CCP1 pin is configured as an
a non-zero prescaler. Example 8-1 shows the recom-
output, a write to the port can cause a
mended method for switching between capture
Capture condition.
prescalers. This example also clears the prescaler
counter and will not generate the “false” interrupt.
FIGURE 8-1: CAPTURE MODE
OPERATION BLOCK EXAMPLE 8-1: CHANGING BETWEEN
DIAGRAM CAPTURE PRESCALERS
Set Flag bit CCP1IF CLRF CCP1CON ; Turn CCP module off
(PIR1<2>) MOVLW NEW_CAPT_PS ; Load the W reg with
Prescaler ; the new prescaler
÷ 1, 4, 16
RC2/CCP1 ; move value and CCP ON
pin CCPR1H CCPR1L MOVWF CCP1CON ; Load CCP1CON with this
; value
and Capture
Edge Detect Enable

TMR1H TMR1L
CCP1CON<3:0>
Qs

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8.2 Compare Mode 8.2.2 TIMER1 MODE SELECTION
In Compare mode, the 16-bit CCPR1 register value is Timer1 must be running in Timer mode, or Synchro-
constantly compared against the TMR1 register pair nized Counter mode, if the CCP module is using the
value. When a match occurs, the RC2/CCP1 pin is: compare feature. In Asynchronous Counter mode, the
compare operation may not work.
• Driven high
• Driven low 8.2.3 SOFTWARE INTERRUPT MODE
• Remains unchanged When Generate Software Interrupt mode is chosen, the
The action on the pin is based on the value of control CCP1 pin is not affected. The CCPIF bit is set, causing
bits, CCP1M3:CCP1M0 (CCP1CON<3:0>). At the a CCP interrupt (if enabled).
same time, interrupt flag bit CCP1IF is set.
8.2.4 SPECIAL EVENT TRIGGER
FIGURE 8-2: COMPARE MODE In this mode, an internal hardware trigger is generated
OPERATION BLOCK which may be used to initiate an action.
DIAGRAM The special event trigger output of CCP1 resets the
Special event trigger will: TMR1 register pair. This allows the CCPR1 register to
reset Timer1, but not set interrupt flag bit TMR1IF (PIR1<0>) effectively be a 16-bit programmable period register for
and set bit GO/DONE (ADCON0<2>).
Timer1.
Special Event Trigger The special event trigger output of CCP2 resets the
TMR1 register pair and starts an A/D conversion (if the
Set Flag bit CCP1IF
A/D module is enabled).
(PIR1<2>)
RC2/CCP1 CCPR1H CCPR1L
pin Note: The special event trigger from the CCP1
Q S and CCP2 modules will not set interrupt
Output
Logic Comparator flag bit TMR1IF (PIR1<0>).
R Match

TRISC<2> TMR1H TMR1L

Output Enable CCP1CON<3:0>
Mode Select

8.2.1 CCP PIN CONFIGURATION

The user must configure the RC2/CCP1 pin as an
output by clearing the TRISC<2> bit.
Note: Clearing the CCP1CON register will force
the RC2/CCP1 compare output latch to
the default low level. This is not the
PORTC I/O data latch.

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8.3 PWM Mode (PWM) 8.3.1 PWM PERIOD
In Pulse Width Modulation mode, the CCPx pin The PWM period is specified by writing to the PR2
produces up to a 10-bit resolution PWM output. Since register. The PWM period can be calculated using the
the CCP1 pin is multiplexed with the PORTC data latch, following formula:
the TRISC<2> bit must be cleared to make the CCP1 PWM Period = [(PR2) + 1] • 4 • TOSC •
pin an output. (TMR2 Prescale Value)
Note: Clearing the CCP1CON register will force PWM frequency is defined as 1/[PWM period].
the CCP1 PWM output latch to the default When TMR2 is equal to PR2, the following three events
low level. This is not the PORTC I/O data occur on the next increment cycle:
latch.
• TMR2 is cleared
Figure 8-3 shows a simplified block diagram of the
• The CCP1 pin is set (exception: if PWM duty
CCP module in PWM mode.
cycle = 0%, the CCP1 pin will not be set)
For a step-by-step procedure on how to set up the CCP • The PWM duty cycle is latched from CCPR1L into
module for PWM operation, see Section 8.3.3 “Setup CCPR1H
for PWM Operation”.
Note: The Timer2 postscaler (see Section 7.1
“Timer2 Prescaler and Postscaler”) is
FIGURE 8-3: SIMPLIFIED PWM BLOCK
not used in the determination of the PWM
DIAGRAM frequency. The postscaler could be used
CCP1CON<5:4> to have a servo update rate at a different
Duty Cycle Registers
frequency than the PWM output.
CCPR1L
8.3.2 PWM DUTY CYCLE
The PWM duty cycle is specified by writing to the
CCPR1L register and to the CCP1CON<5:4> bits. Up
CCPR1H (Slave)
to 10-bit resolution is available. The CCPR1L contains
RC2/CCP1 the eight MSbs and the CCP1CON<5:4> contains the
Comparator R Q two LSbs. This 10-bit value is represented by
CCPR1L:CCP1CON<5:4>. The following equation is
TMR2 (Note 1) used to calculate the PWM duty cycle in time:
S
PWM Duty Cycle =(CCPR1L:CCP1CON<5:4>) •
TOSC • (TMR2 Prescale Value)
Comparator TRISC<2>
Clear Timer, CCPR1L and CCP1CON<5:4> can be written to at any
CCP1 pin and
latch D.C. time, but the duty cycle value is not latched into
PR2
CCPR1H until after a match between PR2 and TMR2
occurs (i.e., the period is complete). In PWM mode,
Note 1: The 8-bit timer is concatenated with 2-bit internal Q CCPR1H is a read-only register.
clock, or 2 bits of the prescaler, to create 10-bit time
base. The CCPR1H register and a 2-bit internal latch are
used to double-buffer the PWM duty cycle. This
A PWM output (Figure 8-4) has a time base (period) double-buffering is essential for glitch-free PWM
and a time that the output stays high (duty cycle). The operation.
frequency of the PWM is the inverse of the period
(1/period). When the CCPR1H and 2-bit latch match TMR2,
concatenated with an internal 2-bit Q clock or 2 bits of
FIGURE 8-4: PWM OUTPUT the TMR2 prescaler, the CCP1 pin is cleared.
The maximum PWM resolution (bits) for a given PWM
Period frequency is given by the following formula.

EQUATION 8-1:
Duty Cycle
Resolution =
( FOSC
log FPWM ) bits
TMR2 = PR2 log(2)
TMR2 = Duty Cycle
Note: If the PWM duty cycle value is longer than
TMR2 = PR2
the PWM period, the CCP1 pin will not be
cleared.

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8.3.3 SETUP FOR PWM OPERATION
The following steps should be taken when configuring
the CCP module for PWM operation:
1. Set the PWM period by writing to the PR2 register.
2. Set the PWM duty cycle by writing to the
CCPR1L register and CCP1CON<5:4> bits.
3. Make the CCP1 pin an output by clearing the
TRISC<2> bit.
4. Set the TMR2 prescale value and enable Timer2
by writing to T2CON.
5. Configure the CCP1 module for PWM operation.

TABLE 8-3: EXAMPLE PWM FREQUENCIES AND RESOLUTIONS AT 20 MHz

PWM Frequency 1.22 kHz 4.88 kHz 19.53 kHz 78.12kHz 156.3 kHz 208.3 kHz
Timer Prescaler (1, 4, 16) 16 4 1 1 1 1
PR2 Value 0xFFh 0xFFh 0xFFh 0x3Fh 0x1Fh 0x17h
Maximum Resolution (bits) 10 10 10 8 7 5.5

TABLE 8-4: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH CAPTURE, COMPARE AND TIMER1

Value on
Value on:
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 all other
POR, BOR
Resets
0Bh,8Bh, INTCON GIE PEIE TMR0IE INTE RBIE TMR0IF INTF RBIF 0000 000x 0000 000u
10Bh, 18Bh
0Ch PIR1 PSPIF(1) ADIF RCIF TXIF SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 0000 0000 0000 0000
0Dh PIR2 — — — — — — — CCP2IF ---- ---0 ---- ---0
8Ch PIE1 PSPIE(1) ADIE RCIE TXIE SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 0000 0000 0000 0000
8Dh PIE2 — — — — — — — CCP2IE ---- ---0 ---- ---0
87h TRISC PORTC Data Direction Register 1111 1111 1111 1111
0Eh TMR1L Holding Register for the Least Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Register xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
0Fh TMR1H Holding Register for the Most Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Register xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
10h T1CON — — T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON --00 0000 --uu uuuu
15h CCPR1L Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1 (LSB) xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
16h CCPR1H Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1 (MSB) xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
17h CCP1CON — — CCP1X CCP1Y CCP1M3 CCP1M2 CCP1M1 CCP1M0 --00 0000 --00 0000
1Bh CCPR2L Capture/Compare/PWM Register 2 (LSB) xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
1Ch CCPR2H Capture/Compare/PWM Register 2 (MSB) xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
1Dh CCP2CON — — CCP2X CCP2Y CCP2M3 CCP2M2 CCP2M1 CCP2M0 --00 0000 --00 0000
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by Capture and Timer1.
Note 1: The PSP is not implemented on 28-pin devices; always maintain these bits clear.

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 PIC16F87XA
TABLE 8-5: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PWM AND TIMER2
Value on
Value on:
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 all other
POR, BOR
Resets
0Bh,8Bh, INTCON GIE PEIE TMR0IE INTE RBIE TMR0IF INTF RBIF 0000 000x 0000 000u
10Bh, 18Bh
0Ch PIR1 PSPIF(1) ADIF RCIF TXIF SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 0000 0000 0000 0000
0Dh PIR2 — — — — — — — CCP2IF ---- ---0 ---- ---0
8Ch PIE1 PSPIE(1) ADIE RCIE TXIE SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 0000 0000 0000 0000
8Dh PIE2 — — — — — — — CCP2IE ---- ---0 ---- ---0
87h TRISC PORTC Data Direction Register 1111 1111 1111 1111
11h TMR2 Timer2 Module’s Register 0000 0000 0000 0000
92h PR2 Timer2 Module’s Period Register 1111 1111 1111 1111
12h T2CON — TOUTPS3 TOUTPS2 TOUTPS1 TOUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0 -000 0000 -000 0000
15h CCPR1L Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1 (LSB) xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
16h CCPR1H Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1 (MSB) xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
17h CCP1CON — — CCP1X CCP1Y CCP1M3 CCP1M2 CCP1M1 CCP1M0 --00 0000 --00 0000
1Bh CCPR2L Capture/Compare/PWM Register 2 (LSB) xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
1Ch CCPR2H Capture/Compare/PWM Register 2 (MSB) xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
1Dh CCP2CON — — CCP2X CCP2Y CCP2M3 CCP2M2 CCP2M1 CCP2M0 --00 0000 --00 0000
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by PWM and Timer2.
Note 1: Bits PSPIE and PSPIF are reserved on 28-pin devices; always maintain these bits clear.

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PIC16F87XA
NOTES:

DS39582B-page 70  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
9.0 MASTER SYNCHRONOUS FIGURE 9-1: MSSP BLOCK DIAGRAM
SERIAL PORT (MSSP) (SPI MODE)
MODULE Internal
Data Bus
Read Write
9.1 Master SSP (MSSP) Module
Overview
SSPBUF reg
The Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP) module is
a serial interface, useful for communicating with other
peripheral or microcontroller devices. These peripheral
devices may be serial EEPROMs, shift registers, SSPSR reg
display drivers, A/D converters, etc. The MSSP module RC4/SDI/SDA bit0 Shift
can operate in one of two modes: Clock

• Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) RC5/SDO Peripheral OE

• Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C)
- Full Master mode
SS Control
- Slave mode (with general address call) Enable
The I2C interface supports the following modes in RA5/AN4/
hardware: SS/C2OUT Edge
Select
• Master mode
• Multi-Master mode 2
• Slave mode Clock Select

SSPM3:SSPM0
9.2 Control Registers
( )
SMP:CKE 4
TMR2 Output
2 2
The MSSP module has three associated registers. Edge
These include a status register (SSPSTAT) and two Select Prescaler TOSC
control registers (SSPCON and SSPCON2). The use RC3/SCK/SCL 4, 16, 64
of these registers and their individual configuration bits
differ significantly, depending on whether the MSSP Data to TX/RX in SSPSR
TRIS bit
module is operated in SPI or I2C mode.
Additional details are provided under the individual
sections.
Note: When the SPI is in Slave mode with SS pin
9.3 SPI Mode control enabled (SSPCON<3:0> = 0100),
the state of the SS pin can affect the state
The SPI mode allows 8 bits of data to be synchronously read back from the TRISC<5> bit. The
transmitted and received simultaneously. All four Peripheral OE signal from the SSP mod-
modes of SPI are supported. To accomplish ule in PORTC controls the state that is
communication, typically three pins are used: read back from the TRISC<5> bit (see
• Serial Data Out (SDO) – RC5/SDO Section 4.3 “PORTC and the TRISC
• Serial Data In (SDI) – RC4/SDI/SDA Register” for information on PORTC). If
Read-Modify-Write instructions, such as
• Serial Clock (SCK) – RC3/SCK/SCL
BSF, are performed on the TRISC register
Additionally, a fourth pin may be used when in a Slave while the SS pin is high, this will cause the
mode of operation: TRISC<5> bit to be set, thus disabling the
• Slave Select (SS) – RA5/AN4/SS/C2OUT SDO output.
Figure 9-1 shows the block diagram of the MSSP
module when operating in SPI mode.

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PIC16F87XA
9.3.1 REGISTERS SSPSR is the shift register used for shifting data in or
out. SSPBUF is the buffer register to which data bytes
The MSSP module has four registers for SPI mode
are written to or read from.
operation. These are:
In receive operations, SSPSR and SSPBUF together
• MSSP Control Register (SSPCON)
create a double-buffered receiver. When SSPSR
• MSSP Status Register (SSPSTAT) receives a complete byte, it is transferred to SSPBUF
• Serial Receive/Transmit Buffer Register and the SSPIF interrupt is set.
(SSPBUF)
During transmission, the SSPBUF is not double-
• MSSP Shift Register (SSPSR) – Not directly buffered. A write to SSPBUF will write to both SSPBUF
accessible and SSPSR.
SSPCON and SSPSTAT are the control and status
registers in SPI mode operation. The SSPCON regis-
ter is readable and writable. The lower six bits of the
SSPSTAT are read-only. The upper two bits of the
SSPSTAT are read/write.

REGISTER 9-1: SSPSTAT: MSSP STATUS REGISTER (SPI MODE) (ADDRESS 94h)
R/W-0 R/W-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 R-0
SMP CKE D/A P S R/W UA BF
bit 7 bit 0

bit 7 SMP: Sample bit

SPI Master mode:
1 = Input data sampled at end of data output time
0 = Input data sampled at middle of data output time
SPI Slave mode:
SMP must be cleared when SPI is used in Slave mode.
bit 6 CKE: SPI Clock Select bit
1 = Transmit occurs on transition from active to Idle clock state
0 = Transmit occurs on transition from Idle to active clock state
Note: Polarity of clock state is set by the CKP bit (SSPCON1<4>).
bit 5 D/A: Data/Address bit
Used in I2C mode only.
bit 4 P: Stop bit
Used in I2C mode only. This bit is cleared when the MSSP module is disabled, SSPEN is cleared.
bit 3 S: Start bit
Used in I2C mode only.
bit 2 R/W: Read/Write bit information
Used in I2C mode only.
bit 1 UA: Update Address bit
Used in I2C mode only.
bit 0 BF: Buffer Full Status bit (Receive mode only)
1 = Receive complete, SSPBUF is full
0 = Receive not complete, SSPBUF is empty

Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

DS39582B-page 72  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
REGISTER 9-2: SSPCON1: MSSP CONTROL REGISTER 1 (SPI MODE) (ADDRESS 14h)
R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
WCOL SSPOV SSPEN CKP SSPM3 SSPM2 SSPM1 SSPM0
bit 7 bit 0

bit 7 WCOL: Write Collision Detect bit (Transmit mode only)

1 = The SSPBUF register is written while it is still transmitting the previous word. (Must be
cleared in software.)
0 = No collision
bit 6 SSPOV: Receive Overflow Indicator bit
SPI Slave mode:
1 = A new byte is received while the SSPBUF register is still holding the previous data. In case
of overflow, the data in SSPSR is lost. Overflow can only occur in Slave mode. The user
must read the SSPBUF, even if only transmitting data, to avoid setting overflow. (Must be
cleared in software.)
0 = No overflow
Note: In Master mode, the overflow bit is not set, since each new reception (and
transmission) is initiated by writing to the SSPBUF register.
bit 5 SSPEN: Synchronous Serial Port Enable bit
1 = Enables serial port and configures SCK, SDO, SDI, and SS as serial port pins
0 = Disables serial port and configures these pins as I/O port pins
Note: When enabled, these pins must be properly configured as input or output.
bit 4 CKP: Clock Polarity Select bit
1 = Idle state for clock is a high level
0 = Idle state for clock is a low level
bit 3-0 SSPM3:SSPM0: Synchronous Serial Port Mode Select bits
0101 = SPI Slave mode, clock = SCK pin. SS pin control disabled. SS can be used as I/O pin.
0100 = SPI Slave mode, clock = SCK pin. SS pin control enabled.
0011 = SPI Master mode, clock = TMR2 output/2
0010 = SPI Master mode, clock = FOSC/64
0001 = SPI Master mode, clock = FOSC/16
0000 = SPI Master mode, clock = FOSC/4
Note: Bit combinations not specifically listed here are either reserved or implemented in
I2C mode only.

Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

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9.3.2 OPERATION SSPBUF register during transmission/reception of data
will be ignored and the write collision detect bit, WCOL
When initializing the SPI, several options need to be
(SSPCON<7>), will be set. User software must clear
specified. This is done by programming the appropriate
the WCOL bit so that it can be determined if the follow-
control bits (SSPCON<5:0> and SSPSTAT<7:6>).
ing write(s) to the SSPBUF register completed
These control bits allow the following to be specified:
successfully.
• Master mode (SCK is the clock output)
When the application software is expecting to receive
• Slave mode (SCK is the clock input) valid data, the SSPBUF should be read before the next
• Clock Polarity (Idle state of SCK) byte of data to transfer is written to the SSPBUF. Buffer
• Data Input Sample Phase (middle or end of data Full bit, BF (SSPSTAT<0>), indicates when SSPBUF
output time) has been loaded with the received data (transmission
• Clock Edge (output data on rising/falling edge of is complete). When the SSPBUF is read, the BF bit is
SCK) cleared. This data may be irrelevant if the SPI is only a
• Clock Rate (Master mode only) transmitter. Generally, the MSSP interrupt is used to
determine when the transmission/reception has com-
• Slave Select mode (Slave mode only)
pleted. The SSPBUF must be read and/or written. If the
The MSSP consists of a transmit/receive shift register interrupt method is not going to be used, then software
(SSPSR) and a buffer register (SSPBUF). The SSPSR polling can be done to ensure that a write collision does
shifts the data in and out of the device, MSb first. The not occur. Example 9-1 shows the loading of the
SSPBUF holds the data that was written to the SSPSR SSPBUF (SSPSR) for data transmission.
until the received data is ready. Once the eight bits of
The SSPSR is not directly readable or writable and can
data have been received, that byte is moved to the
only be accessed by addressing the SSPBUF register.
SSPBUF register. Then, the Buffer Full detect bit, BF
Additionally, the MSSP Status register (SSPSTAT)
(SSPSTAT<0>), and the interrupt flag bit, SSPIF, are
indicates the various status conditions.
set. This double-buffering of the received data
(SSPBUF) allows the next byte to start reception before
reading the data that was just received. Any write to the

EXAMPLE 9-1: LOADING THE SSPBUF (SSPSR) REGISTER

LOOP BTFSS SSPSTAT, BF ;Has data been received(transmit complete)?
BRA LOOP ;No
MOVF SSPBUF, W ;WREG reg = contents of SSPBUF
MOVWF RXDATA ;Save in user RAM, if data is meaningful
MOVF TXDATA, W ;W reg = contents of TXDATA
MOVWF SSPBUF ;New data to xmit

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 PIC16F87XA
9.3.3 ENABLING SPI I/O 9.3.4 TYPICAL CONNECTION
To enable the serial port, SSP Enable bit, SSPEN Figure 9-2 shows a typical connection between two
(SSPCON<5>), must be set. To reset or reconfigure microcontrollers. The master controller (Processor 1)
SPI mode, clear the SSPEN bit, re-initialize the initiates the data transfer by sending the SCK signal.
SSPCON registers and then set the SSPEN bit. This Data is shifted out of both shift registers on their
configures the SDI, SDO, SCK and SS pins as serial programmed clock edge and latched on the opposite
port pins. For the pins to behave as the serial port func- edge of the clock. Both processors should be
tion, some must have their data direction bits (in the programmed to the same Clock Polarity (CKP), then
TRIS register) appropriately programmed. That is: both controllers would send and receive data at the
• SDI is automatically controlled by the SPI module same time. Whether the data is meaningful (or dummy
data) depends on the application software. This leads
• SDO must have TRISC<5> bit cleared
to three scenarios for data transmission:
• SCK (Master mode) must have TRISC<3> bit
cleared • Master sends data – Slave sends dummy data
• SCK (Slave mode) must have TRISC<3> bit set • Master sends data – Slave sends data
• SS must have TRISC<4> bit set • Master sends dummy data – Slave sends data

Any serial port function that is not desired may be

overridden by programming the corresponding data
direction (TRIS) register to the opposite value.

FIGURE 9-2: SPI MASTER/SLAVE CONNECTION

SPI Master SSPM3:SSPM0 = 00xxb SPI Slave SSPM3:SSPM0 = 010xb

SDO SDI

Serial Input Buffer Serial Input Buffer

(SSPBUF) (SSPBUF)

Shift Register SDI SDO Shift Register

(SSPSR) (SSPSR)

MSb LSb MSb LSb

Serial Clock
SCK SCK
PROCESSOR 1 PROCESSOR 2

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PIC16F87XA
9.3.5 MASTER MODE Figure 9-3, Figure 9-5 and Figure 9-6, where the MSB
is transmitted first. In Master mode, the SPI clock rate
The master can initiate the data transfer at any time
(bit rate) is user programmable to be one of the
because it controls the SCK. The master determines
following:
when the slave (Processor 2, Figure 9-2) is to
broadcast data by the software protocol. • FOSC/4 (or TCY)
In Master mode, the data is transmitted/received as • FOSC/16 (or 4 • TCY)
soon as the SSPBUF register is written to. If the SPI is • FOSC/64 (or 16 • TCY)
only going to receive, the SDO output could be • Timer2 output/2
disabled (programmed as an input). The SSPSR
This allows a maximum data rate (at 40 MHz) of
register will continue to shift in the signal present on the
10.00 Mbps.
SDI pin at the programmed clock rate. As each byte is
received, it will be loaded into the SSPBUF register as Figure 9-3 shows the waveforms for Master mode.
if a normal received byte (interrupts and status bits When the CKE bit is set, the SDO data is valid before
appropriately set). This could be useful in receiver there is a clock edge on SCK. The change of the input
applications as a “Line Activity Monitor” mode. sample is shown based on the state of the SMP bit. The
time when the SSPBUF is loaded with the received
The clock polarity is selected by appropriately program-
data is shown.
ming the CKP bit (SSPCON<4>). This then, would give
waveforms for SPI communication as shown in

FIGURE 9-3: SPI MODE WAVEFORM (MASTER MODE)

Write to
SSPBUF

SCK
(CKP = 0
CKE = 0)

SCK
(CKP = 1
CKE = 0)
4 Clock
SCK Modes
(CKP = 0
CKE = 1)

SCK
(CKP = 1
CKE = 1)
SDO
bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0
(CKE = 0)

SDO
bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0
(CKE = 1)

SDI
(SMP = 0)
bit 7 bit 0
Input
Sample
(SMP = 0)
SDI
(SMP = 1)
bit 7 bit 0
Input
Sample
(SMP = 1)

SSPIF
Next Q4 Cycle
SSPSR to after Q2↓
SSPBUF

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 PIC16F87XA
9.3.6 SLAVE MODE the SS pin goes high, the SDO pin is no longer driven
even if in the middle of a transmitted byte and becomes
In Slave mode, the data is transmitted and received as
a floating output. External pull-up/pull-down resistors
the external clock pulses appear on SCK. When the
may be desirable, depending on the application.
last bit is latched, the SSPIF interrupt flag bit is set.
While in Slave mode, the external clock is supplied by Note 1: When the SPI is in Slave mode with SS pin
the external clock source on the SCK pin. This external control enabled (SSPCON<3:0> = 0100),
clock must meet the minimum high and low times as the SPI module will reset if the SS pin is set
specified in the electrical specifications. to VDD.

While in Sleep mode, the slave can transmit/receive 2: If the SPI is used in Slave Mode with CKE
data. When a byte is received, the device will wake-up set, then the SS pin control must be
from Sleep. enabled.
When the SPI module resets, the bit counter is forced
9.3.7 SLAVE SELECT to ‘0’. This can be done by either forcing the SS pin to
SYNCHRONIZATION a high level or clearing the SSPEN bit.
The SS pin allows a Synchronous Slave mode. The To emulate two-wire communication, the SDO pin can
SPI must be in Slave mode with SS pin control enabled be connected to the SDI pin. When the SPI needs to
(SSPCON<3:0> = 04h). The pin must not be driven low operate as a receiver, the SDO pin can be configured
for the SS pin to function as an input. The data latch as an input. This disables transmissions from the SDO.
must be high. When the SS pin is low, transmission and The SDI can always be left as an input (SDI function)
reception are enabled and the SDO pin is driven. When since it cannot create a bus conflict.

FIGURE 9-4: SLAVE SYNCHRONIZATION WAVEFORM

SS

SCK
(CKP = 0
CKE = 0)
SCK
(CKP = 1
CKE = 0)

Write to
SSPBUF

SDO bit 7 bit 6 bit 7 bit 0

SDI bit 0
(SMP = 0)
bit 7 bit 7
Input
Sample
(SMP = 0)
SSPIF
Interrupt
Flag
Next Q4 Cycle
SSPSR to
after Q2↓
SSPBUF

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 77

PIC16F87XA
FIGURE 9-5: SPI MODE WAVEFORM (SLAVE MODE WITH CKE = 0)

SS
Optional
SCK
(CKP = 0
CKE = 0)

SCK
(CKP = 1
CKE = 0)

Write to
SSPBUF

SDO bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0

SDI
(SMP = 0)
bit 7 bit 0
Input
Sample
(SMP = 0)
SSPIF
Interrupt
Flag
Next Q4 Cycle
SSPSR to after Q2↓
SSPBUF

FIGURE 9-6: SPI MODE WAVEFORM (SLAVE MODE WITH CKE = 1)

SS
Not Optional

SCK
(CKP = 0
CKE = 1)
SCK
(CKP = 1
CKE = 1)
Write to
SSPBUF

SDO bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0

SDI
(SMP = 0)
bit 7 bit 0
Input
Sample
(SMP = 0)

SSPIF
Interrupt
Flag
Next Q4 Cycle
after Q2↓
SSPSR to
SSPBUF

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 PIC16F87XA
9.3.8 SLEEP OPERATION 9.3.10 BUS MODE COMPATIBILITY
In Master mode, all module clocks are halted and the Table 9-1 shows the compatibility between the
transmission/reception will remain in that state until the standard SPI modes and the states of the CKP and
device wakes from Sleep. After the device returns to CKE control bits.
normal mode, the module will continue to transmit/
receive data. TABLE 9-1: SPI BUS MODES
In Slave mode, the SPI Transmit/Receive Shift register Control Bits State
Standard SPI Mode
operates asynchronously to the device. This allows the
device to be placed in Sleep mode and data to be Terminology CKP CKE
shifted into the SPI Transmit/Receive Shift register. 0, 0 0 1
When all 8 bits have been received, the MSSP interrupt
flag bit will be set and if enabled, will wake the device 0, 1 0 0
from Sleep. 1, 0 1 1
1, 1 1 0
9.3.9 EFFECTS OF A RESET
There is also a SMP bit which controls when the data is
A Reset disables the MSSP module and terminates the sampled.
current transfer.

TABLE 9-2: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SPI OPERATION

Value on
Value on
Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 all other
POR, BOR
Resets
INTCON GIE/ PEIE/ TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 0000 000x 0000 000u
GIEH GIEL
PIR1 PSPIF(1) ADIF RCIF TXIF SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 0000 0000 0000 0000
PIE1 PSPIE(1) ADIE RCIE TXIE SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 0000 0000 0000 0000
TRISC PORTC Data Direction Register 1111 1111 1111 1111
SSPBUF Synchronous Serial Port Receive Buffer/Transmit Register xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
SSPCON WCOL SSPOV SSPEN CKP SSPM3 SSPM2 SSPM1 SSPM0 0000 0000 0000 0000
TRISA — PORTA Data Direction Register --11 1111 --11 1111
SSPSTAT SMP CKE D/A P S R/W UA BF 0000 0000 0000 0000
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented, read as ‘0’.
Shaded cells are not used by the MSSP in SPI mode.
Note 1: The PSPIF, PSPIE and PSPIP bits are reserved on 28-pin devices; always maintain these bits clear.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 79

PIC16F87XA
9.4 I2C Mode 9.4.1 REGISTERS
The MSSP module in I 2C mode fully implements all The MSSP module has six registers for I2C operation.
master and slave functions (including general call sup- These are:
port) and provides interrupts on Start and Stop bits in • MSSP Control Register (SSPCON)
hardware to determine a free bus (multi-master func- • MSSP Control Register 2 (SSPCON2)
tion). The MSSP module implements the standard
• MSSP Status Register (SSPSTAT)
mode specifications, as well as 7-bit and 10-bit
addressing. • Serial Receive/Transmit Buffer Register
(SSPBUF)
Two pins are used for data transfer:
• MSSP Shift Register (SSPSR) – Not directly
• Serial clock (SCL) – RC3/SCK/SCL accessible
• Serial data (SDA) – RC4/SDI/SDA • MSSP Address Register (SSPADD)
The user must configure these pins as inputs or outputs SSPCON, SSPCON2 and SSPSTAT are the control
through the TRISC<4:3> bits. and status registers in I2C mode operation. The
SSPCON and SSPCON2 registers are readable and
FIGURE 9-7: MSSP BLOCK DIAGRAM writable. The lower six bits of the SSPSTAT are
(I2C MODE) read-only. The upper two bits of the SSPSTAT are
read/write.
Internal SSPSR is the shift register used for shifting data in or
Data Bus
out. SSPBUF is the buffer register to which data bytes
Read Write are written to or read from.
SSPADD register holds the slave device address
SSPBUF reg
RC3/SCK/SCL when the SSP is configured in I2C Slave mode. When
the SSP is configured in Master mode, the lower
Shift
Clock
seven bits of SSPADD act as the baud rate generator
reload value.
SSPSR reg
In receive operations, SSPSR and SSPBUF together
RC4/SDI/ MSb LSb
SDA create a double-buffered receiver. When SSPSR
receives a complete byte, it is transferred to SSPBUF
Match Detect Addr Match and the SSPIF interrupt is set.
During transmission, the SSPBUF is not double-
SSPADD reg
buffered. A write to SSPBUF will write to both SSPBUF
and SSPSR.
Start and Set, Reset
Stop bit Detect S, P bits
(SSPSTAT reg)

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 PIC16F87XA
REGISTER 9-3: SSPSTAT: MSSP STATUS REGISTER (I2C MODE) (ADDRESS 94h)
R/W-0 R/W-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 R-0
SMP CKE D/A P S R/W UA BF
bit 7 bit 0

bit 7 SMP: Slew Rate Control bit

In Master or Slave mode:
1 = Slew rate control disabled for standard speed mode (100 kHz and 1 MHz)
0 = Slew rate control enabled for high-speed mode (400 kHz)
bit 6 CKE: SMBus Select bit
In Master or Slave mode:
1 = Enable SMBus specific inputs
0 = Disable SMBus specific inputs
bit 5 D/A: Data/Address bit
In Master mode:
Reserved.
In Slave mode:
1 = Indicates that the last byte received or transmitted was data
0 = Indicates that the last byte received or transmitted was address
bit 4 P: Stop bit
1 = Indicates that a Stop bit has been detected last
0 = Stop bit was not detected last
Note: This bit is cleared on Reset and when SSPEN is cleared.
bit 3 S: Start bit
1 = Indicates that a Start bit has been detected last
0 = Start bit was not detected last
Note: This bit is cleared on Reset and when SSPEN is cleared.
bit 2 R/W: Read/Write bit information (I2C mode only)
In Slave mode:
1 = Read
0 = Write
Note: This bit holds the R/W bit information following the last address match. This bit is
only valid from the address match to the next Start bit, Stop bit or not ACK bit.
In Master mode:
1 = Transmit is in progress
0 = Transmit is not in progress
Note: ORing this bit with SEN, RSEN, PEN, RCEN or ACKEN will indicate if the MSSP is
in Idle mode.
bit 1 UA: Update Address (10-bit Slave mode only)
1 = Indicates that the user needs to update the address in the SSPADD register
0 = Address does not need to be updated
bit 0 BF: Buffer Full Status bit
In Transmit mode:
1 = Receive complete, SSPBUF is full
0 = Receive not complete, SSPBUF is empty
In Receive mode:
1 = Data Transmit in progress (does not include the ACK and Stop bits), SSPBUF is full
0 = Data Transmit complete (does not include the ACK and Stop bits), SSPBUF is empty

Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

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PIC16F87XA
REGISTER 9-4: SSPCON1: MSSP CONTROL REGISTER 1 (I2C MODE) (ADDRESS 14h)
R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
WCOL SSPOV SSPEN CKP SSPM3 SSPM2 SSPM1 SSPM0
bit 7 bit 0

bit 7 WCOL: Write Collision Detect bit

In Master Transmit mode:
1 = A write to the SSPBUF register was attempted while the I2C conditions were not valid for
a transmission to be started. (Must be cleared in software.)
0 = No collision
In Slave Transmit mode:
1 = The SSPBUF register is written while it is still transmitting the previous word. (Must be
cleared in software.)
0 = No collision
In Receive mode (Master or Slave modes):
This is a “don’t care” bit.
bit 6 SSPOV: Receive Overflow Indicator bit
In Receive mode:
1 = A byte is received while the SSPBUF register is still holding the previous byte. (Must be
cleared in software.)
0 = No overflow
In Transmit mode:
This is a “don’t care” bit in Transmit mode.
bit 5 SSPEN: Synchronous Serial Port Enable bit
1 = Enables the serial port and configures the SDA and SCL pins as the serial port pins
0 = Disables the serial port and configures these pins as I/O port pins
Note: When enabled, the SDA and SCL pins must be properly configured as input or output.
bit 4 CKP: SCK Release Control bit
In Slave mode:
1 = Release clock
0 = Holds clock low (clock stretch). (Used to ensure data setup time.)
In Master mode:
Unused in this mode.
bit 3-0 SSPM3:SSPM0: Synchronous Serial Port Mode Select bits
1111 = I2C Slave mode, 10-bit address with Start and Stop bit interrupts enabled
1110 = I2C Slave mode, 7-bit address with Start and Stop bit interrupts enabled
1011 = I2C Firmware Controlled Master mode (Slave Idle)
1000 = I2C Master mode, clock = FOSC/(4 * (SSPADD + 1))
0111 = I2C Slave mode, 10-bit address
0110 = I2C Slave mode, 7-bit address
Note: Bit combinations not specifically listed here are either reserved or implemented in
SPI mode only.

Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

DS39582B-page 82  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
REGISTER 9-5: SSPCON2: MSSP CONTROL REGISTER 2 (I2C MODE) (ADDRESS 91h)
R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
GCEN ACKSTAT ACKDT ACKEN RCEN PEN RSEN SEN
bit 7 bit 0

bit 7 GCEN: General Call Enable bit (Slave mode only)

1 = Enable interrupt when a general call address (0000h) is received in the SSPSR
0 = General call address disabled
bit 6 ACKSTAT: Acknowledge Status bit (Master Transmit mode only)
1 = Acknowledge was not received from slave
0 = Acknowledge was received from slave
bit 5 ACKDT: Acknowledge Data bit (Master Receive mode only)
1 = Not Acknowledge
0 = Acknowledge
Note: Value that will be transmitted when the user initiates an Acknowledge sequence at
the end of a receive.
bit 4 ACKEN: Acknowledge Sequence Enable bit (Master Receive mode only)
1 = Initiate Acknowledge sequence on SDA and SCL pins and transmit ACKDT data bit.
Automatically cleared by hardware.
0 = Acknowledge sequence Idle
bit 3 RCEN: Receive Enable bit (Master mode only)
1 = Enables Receive mode for I2C
0 = Receive Idle
bit 2 PEN: Stop Condition Enable bit (Master mode only)
1 = Initiate Stop condition on SDA and SCL pins. Automatically cleared by hardware.
0 = Stop condition Idle
bit 1 RSEN: Repeated Start Condition Enabled bit (Master mode only)
1 = Initiate Repeated Start condition on SDA and SCL pins. Automatically cleared by hardware.
0 = Repeated Start condition Idle
bit 0 SEN: Start Condition Enabled/Stretch Enabled bit
In Master mode:
1 = Initiate Start condition on SDA and SCL pins. Automatically cleared by hardware.
0 = Start condition Idle
In Slave mode:
1 = Clock stretching is enabled for both slave transmit and slave receive (stretch enabled)
0 = Clock stretching is enabled for slave transmit only (PIC16F87X compatibility)

Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

Note: For bits ACKEN, RCEN, PEN, RSEN, SEN: If the I2C module is not in the Idle mode,
this bit may not be set (no spooling) and the SSPBUF may not be written (or writes
to the SSPBUF are disabled).

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 83

PIC16F87XA
9.4.2 OPERATION 9.4.3.1 Addressing
The MSSP module functions are enabled by setting Once the MSSP module has been enabled, it waits for
MSSP Enable bit, SSPEN (SSPCON<5>). a Start condition to occur. Following the Start condition,
The SSPCON register allows control of the I 2C opera- the 8 bits are shifted into the SSPSR register. All incom-
tion. Four mode selection bits (SSPCON<3:0>) allow ing bits are sampled with the rising edge of the clock
one of the following I 2C modes to be selected: (SCL) line. The value of register SSPSR<7:1> is com-
pared to the value of the SSPADD register. The
• I2C Master mode, clock = OSC/4 (SSPADD + 1) address is compared on the falling edge of the eighth
• I 2C Slave mode (7-bit address) clock (SCL) pulse. If the addresses match, and the BF
• I 2C Slave mode (10-bit address) and SSPOV bits are clear, the following events occur:
• I 2C Slave mode (7-bit address) with Start and 1. The SSPSR register value is loaded into the
Stop bit interrupts enabled SSPBUF register.
• I 2C Slave mode (10-bit address) with Start and 2. The Buffer Full bit, BF, is set.
Stop bit interrupts enabled 3. An ACK pulse is generated.
• I 2C Firmware Controlled Master mode, slave is 4. MSSP Interrupt Flag bit, SSPIF (PIR1<3>), is
Idle set (interrupt is generated if enabled) on the
Selection of any I 2C mode, with the SSPEN bit set, falling edge of the ninth SCL pulse.
forces the SCL and SDA pins to be open-drain, pro- In 10-bit Address mode, two address bytes need to be
vided these pins are programmed to inputs by setting received by the slave. The five Most Significant bits
the appropriate TRISC bits. To ensure proper operation (MSbs) of the first address byte specify if this is a 10-bit
of the module, pull-up resistors must be provided address. Bit R/W (SSPSTAT<2>) must specify a write
externally to the SCL and SDA pins. so the slave device will receive the second address
byte. For a 10-bit address, the first byte would equal
9.4.3 SLAVE MODE ‘11110 A9 A8 0’, where ‘A9’ and ‘A8’ are the two
In Slave mode, the SCL and SDA pins must be config- MSbs of the address. The sequence of events for
ured as inputs (TRISC<4:3> set). The MSSP module 10-bit address is as follows, with steps 7 through 9 for
will override the input state with the output data when the slave-transmitter:
required (slave-transmitter). 1. Receive first (high) byte of address (bits SSPIF,
The I 2C Slave mode hardware will always generate an BF and bit UA (SSPSTAT<1>) are set).
interrupt on an address match. Through the mode 2. Update the SSPADD register with second (low)
select bits, the user can also choose to interrupt on byte of address (clears bit UA and releases the
Start and Stop bits SCL line).
When an address is matched, or the data transfer after 3. Read the SSPBUF register (clears bit BF) and
an address match is received, the hardware automati- clear flag bit SSPIF.
cally will generate the Acknowledge (ACK) pulse and 4. Receive second (low) byte of address (bits
load the SSPBUF register with the received value SSPIF, BF and UA are set).
currently in the SSPSR register. 5. Update the SSPADD register with the first (high)
Any combination of the following conditions will cause byte of address. If match releases SCL line, this
the MSSP module not to give this ACK pulse: will clear bit UA.
• The buffer full bit, BF (SSPSTAT<0>), was set 6. Read the SSPBUF register (clears bit BF) and
before the transfer was received. clear flag bit SSPIF.
• The overflow bit, SSPOV (SSPCON<6>), was set 7. Receive Repeated Start condition.
before the transfer was received. 8. Receive first (high) byte of address (bits SSPIF
In this case, the SSPSR register value is not loaded and BF are set).
into the SSPBUF, but bit SSPIF (PIR1<3>) is set. The 9. Read the SSPBUF register (clears bit BF) and
BF bit is cleared by reading the SSPBUF register, while clear flag bit SSPIF.
bit SSPOV is cleared through software.
The SCL clock input must have a minimum high and
low for proper operation. The high and low times of the
I2C specification, as well as the requirement of the
MSSP module, are shown in timing parameter #100
and parameter #101.

DS39582B-page 84  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
9.4.3.2 Reception 9.4.3.3 Transmission
When the R/W bit of the address byte is clear and an When the R/W bit of the incoming address byte is set
address match occurs, the R/W bit of the SSPSTAT and an address match occurs, the R/W bit of the
register is cleared. The received address is loaded into SSPSTAT register is set. The received address is loaded
the SSPBUF register and the SDA line is held low into the SSPBUF register. The ACK pulse will be sent on
(ACK). the ninth bit and pin RC3/SCK/SCL is held low regard-
When the address byte overflow condition exists, then less of SEN (see Section 9.4.4 “Clock Stretching” for
the No Acknowledge (ACK) pulse is given. An overflow more detail). By stretching the clock, the master will be
condition is defined as either bit BF (SSPSTAT<0>) is unable to assert another clock pulse until the slave is
set or bit SSPOV (SSPCON<6>) is set. done preparing the transmit data. The transmit data
must be loaded into the SSPBUF register, which also
An MSSP interrupt is generated for each data transfer loads the SSPSR register. Then pin RC3/SCK/SCL
byte. Flag bit SSPIF (PIR1<3>) must be cleared in soft- should be enabled by setting bit CKP (SSPCON<4>).
ware. The SSPSTAT register is used to determine the The eight data bits are shifted out on the falling edge of
status of the byte. the SCL input. This ensures that the SDA signal is valid
If SEN is enabled (SSPCON<0> = 1), RC3/SCK/SCL during the SCL high time (Figure 9-9).
will be held low (clock stretch) following each data trans- The ACK pulse from the master-receiver is latched on
fer. The clock must be released by setting bit CKP the rising edge of the ninth SCL input pulse. If the SDA
(SSPCON<4>). See Section 9.4.4 “Clock Stretching” line is high (not ACK), then the data transfer is com-
for more detail. plete. In this case, when the ACK is latched by the
slave, the slave logic is reset (resets SSPSTAT regis-
ter) and the slave monitors for another occurrence of
the Start bit. If the SDA line was low (ACK), the next
transmit data must be loaded into the SSPBUF register.
Again, pin RC3/SCK/SCL must be enabled by setting
bit CKP.
An MSSP interrupt is generated for each data transfer
byte. The SSPIF bit must be cleared in software and
the SSPSTAT register is used to determine the status
of the byte. The SSPIF bit is set on the falling edge of
the ninth clock pulse.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 85

 FIGURE 9-8:

DS39582B-page 86
PIC16F87XA

Receiving Address R/W = 0 Receiving Data ACK Receiving Data ACK

SDA A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 ACK D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

SCL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
S P

SSPIF
Bus master
(PIR1<3>) terminates
transfer

BF (SSPSTAT<0>)
Cleared in software
SSPBUF is read

SSPOV (SSPCON<6>)

SSPOV is set
because SSPBUF is
still full. ACK is not sent.

CKP (CKP does not reset to ‘0’ when SEN = 0)

I2C SLAVE MODE TIMING WITH SEN = 0 (RECEPTION, 7-BIT ADDRESS)

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 FIGURE 9-9:

Receiving Address R/W = 1 Transmitting Data Transmitting Data

ACK ACK

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

SDA A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 ACK D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

SCL
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
S
Data in SCL held low P
sampled while CPU
responds to SSPIF

SSPIF (PIR1<3>)

BF (SSPSTAT<0>)
Cleared in software Cleared in software
From SSPIF ISR From SSPIF ISR
SSPBUF is written in software SSPBUF is written in software

CKP
I2C SLAVE MODE TIMING (TRANSMISSION, 7-BIT ADDRESS)

CKP is set in software CKP is set in software

DS39582B-page 87
PIC16F87XA
 FIGURE 9-10:

DS39582B-page 88
Clock is held low until Clock is held low until
update of SSPADD has update of SSPADD has
taken place taken place

Receive First Byte of Address Receive Second Byte of Address Receive Data Byte Receive Data Byte
R/W = 0 ACK

SDA 1 1 1 1 0 A9 A8 ACK A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 ACK D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 ACK D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

PIC16F87XA

SCL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
S P

Bus master
terminates
SSPIF transfer
(PIR1<3>)
Cleared in software Cleared in software Cleared in software
Cleared in software

BF (SSPSTAT<0>)

SSPBUF is written with Dummy read of SSPBUF

contents of SSPSR to clear BF flag
SSPOV (SSPCON<6>)

SSPOV is set
because SSPBUF is
still full. ACK is not sent.

UA (SSPSTAT<1>)

UA is set indicating that Cleared by hardware Cleared by hardware when

the SSPADD needs to be when SSPADD is updated SSPADD is updated with high
updated with low byte of address byte of address

UA is set indicating that

SSPADD needs to be
updated

CKP (CKP does not reset to ‘0’ when SEN = 0)

I2C SLAVE MODE TIMING WITH SEN = 0 (RECEPTION, 10-BIT ADDRESS)

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 FIGURE 9-11:

Bus master
terminates
Clock is held low until Clock is held low until transfer
update of SSPADD has update of SSPADD has Clock is held low until

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

taken place taken place CKP is set to ‘1’
R/W = 0
Receive First Byte of Address Receive Second Byte of Address Receive First Byte of Address R/W=1 Transmitting Data Byte ACK
SDA 1 1 1 1 0 A9 A8 ACK A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 ACK 1 1 1 1 0 A9 A8 ACK D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

SCL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
S Sr P

SSPIF
(PIR1<3>)
Cleared in software Cleared in software Cleared in software

BF (SSPSTAT<0>)

SSPBUF is written with Dummy read of SSPBUF Dummy read of SSPBUF

contents of SSPSR to clear BF flag BF flag is clear Write of SSPBUF Completion of
to clear BF flag initiates transmit data transmission
at the end of the
UA (SSPSTAT<1>) third address sequence clears BF flag

UA is set indicating that Cleared by hardware when Cleared by hardware when

the SSPADD needs to be SSPADD is updated with low SSPADD is updated with high
updated byte of address byte of address

UA is set indicating that

SSPADD needs to be
updated
CKP (SSPCON<4>)

CKP is set in software

I2C SLAVE MODE TIMING (TRANSMISSION, 10-BIT ADDRESS)

CKP is automatically cleared in hardware holding SCL low

DS39582B-page 89
PIC16F87XA
PIC16F87XA
9.4.4 CLOCK STRETCHING 9.4.4.3 Clock Stretching for 7-bit Slave
Both 7 and 10-bit Slave modes implement automatic Transmit Mode
clock stretching during a transmit sequence. 7-bit Slave Transmit mode implements clock stretching
The SEN bit (SSPCON2<0>) allows clock stretching to by clearing the CKP bit after the falling edge of the ninth
be enabled during receives. Setting SEN will cause clock, if the BF bit is clear. This occurs regardless of the
the SCL pin to be held low at the end of each data state of the SEN bit.
receive sequence. The user’s ISR must set the CKP bit before transmis-
sion is allowed to continue. By holding the SCL line
9.4.4.1 Clock Stretching for 7-bit Slave low, the user has time to service the ISR and load the
Receive Mode (SEN = 1) contents of the SSPBUF before the master device can
In 7-bit Slave Receive mode, on the falling edge of the initiate another transmit sequence (see Figure 9-9).
ninth clock at the end of the ACK sequence, if the BF Note 1: If the user loads the contents of SSPBUF,
bit is set, the CKP bit in the SSPCON register is setting the BF bit before the falling edge of
automatically cleared, forcing the SCL output to be the ninth clock, the CKP bit will not be
held low. The CKP bit being cleared to ‘0’ will assert cleared and clock stretching will not occur.
the SCL line low. The CKP bit must be set in the user’s
ISR before reception is allowed to continue. By holding 2: The CKP bit can be set in software
the SCL line low, the user has time to service the ISR regardless of the state of the BF bit.
and read the contents of the SSPBUF before the
9.4.4.4 Clock Stretching for 10-bit Slave
master device can initiate another receive sequence.
This will prevent buffer overruns from occurring (see Transmit Mode
Figure 9-13). In 10-bit Slave Transmit mode, clock stretching is con-
trolled during the first two address sequences by the
Note 1: If the user reads the contents of the
state of the UA bit, just as it is in 10-bit Slave Receive
SSPBUF before the falling edge of the
mode. The first two addresses are followed by a third
ninth clock, thus clearing the BF bit, the
address sequence, which contains the high order bits
CKP bit will not be cleared and clock
of the 10-bit address and the R/W bit set to ‘1’. After
stretching will not occur.
the third address sequence is performed, the UA bit is
2: The CKP bit can be set in software not set, the module is now configured in Transmit
regardless of the state of the BF bit. The mode and clock stretching is controlled by the BF flag
user should be careful to clear the BF bit as in 7-bit Slave Transmit mode (see Figure 9-11).
in the ISR before the next receive
sequence in order to prevent an overflow
condition.

9.4.4.2 Clock Stretching for 10-bit Slave

Receive Mode (SEN = 1)
In 10-bit Slave Receive mode, during the address
sequence, clock stretching automatically takes place
but CKP is not cleared. During this time, if the UA bit is
set after the ninth clock, clock stretching is initiated.
The UA bit is set after receiving the upper byte of the
10-bit address and following the receive of the second
byte of the 10-bit address, with the R/W bit cleared to
‘0’. The release of the clock line occurs upon updating
SSPADD. Clock stretching will occur on each data
receive sequence as described in 7-bit mode.
Note: If the user polls the UA bit and clears it by
updating the SSPADD register before the
falling edge of the ninth clock occurs and if
the user hasn’t cleared the BF bit by read-
ing the SSPBUF register before that time,
then the CKP bit will still NOT be asserted
low. Clock stretching, on the basis of the
state of the BF bit, only occurs during a
data sequence, not an address sequence.

DS39582B-page 90  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
9.4.4.5 Clock Synchronization and the
CKP Bit
When the CKP bit is cleared, the SCL output is forced
to ‘0’; however, setting the CKP bit will not assert the
SCL output low until the SCL output is already sampled
low. Therefore, the CKP bit will not assert the SCL line
until an external I2C master device has already
asserted the SCL line. The SCL output will remain low
until the CKP bit is set and all other devices on the I2C
bus have deasserted SCL. This ensures that a write to
the CKP bit will not violate the minimum high time
requirement for SCL (see Figure 9-12).

FIGURE 9-12: CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION TIMING

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

SDA DX DX-1

SCL

Master device
asserts clock
CKP

Master device
deasserts clock
WR
SSPCON

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 91

 FIGURE 9-13:

DS39582B-page 92
Clock is not held low
because buffer full bit is
clear prior to falling edge Clock is held low until Clock is not held low
PIC16F87XA

of 9th clock CKP is set to ‘1’ because ACK = 1

Receiving Address R/W = 0 Receiving Data ACK Receiving Data ACK

SDA A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 ACK D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

SCL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
S P

SSPIF
Bus master
(PIR1<3>) terminates
transfer

BF (SSPSTAT<0>)
Cleared in software
SSPBUF is read

SSPOV (SSPCON<6>)

SSPOV is set
because SSPBUF is
still full. ACK is not sent.

CKP

CKP
If BF is cleared written
prior to the falling to ‘1’ in
edge of the 9th clock, software
CKP will not be reset BF is set after falling
to ‘0’ and no clock edge of the 9th clock,
stretching will occur CKP is reset to ‘0’ and
clock stretching occurs
I2C SLAVE MODE TIMING WITH SEN = 1 (RECEPTION, 7-BIT ADDRESS)

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 FIGURE 9-14:

Clock is held low until Clock is held low until

update of SSPADD has update of SSPADD has Clock is not held low
Clock is held low until
taken place taken place because ACK = 1
CKP is set to ‘1’
Receive First Byte of Address Receive Second Byte of Address Receive Data Byte Receive Data Byte
R/W = 0 ACK
ACK ACK
SDA 1 1 1 1 0 A9 A8 ACK A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

SCL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
S P

SSPIF
Bus master
(PIR1<3>) terminates
Cleared in software Cleared in software Cleared in software transfer
Cleared in software

BF (SSPSTAT<0>)

SSPBUF is written with Dummy read of SSPBUF Dummy read of SSPBUF

contents of SSPSR to clear BF flag to clear BF flag
SSPOV (SSPCON<6>)

SSPOV is set
because SSPBUF is
still full. ACK is not sent.

UA (SSPSTAT<1>)

UA is set indicating that Cleared by hardware when Cleared by hardware when

SSPADD needs to be SSPADD is updated with low SSPADD is updated with high
updated byte of address after falling edge byte of address after falling edge
of ninth clock of ninth clock

UA is set indicating that

SSPADD needs to be
updated
CKP
Note: An update of the SSPADD register
before the falling edge of the ninth clock
will have no effect on UA and UA will CKP written to ‘1’
remain set. in software
I2C SLAVE MODE TIMING SEN = 1 (RECEPTION, 10-BIT ADDRESS)

Note: An update of the SSPADD register

before the falling edge of the ninth clock
will have no effect on UA, and UA will
remain set.

DS39582B-page 93
PIC16F87XA
PIC16F87XA
9.4.5 GENERAL CALL ADDRESS If the general call address matches, the SSPSR is
SUPPORT transferred to the SSPBUF, the BF flag bit is set (eighth
bit) and on the falling edge of the ninth bit (ACK bit), the
The addressing procedure for the I2C bus is such that
SSPIF interrupt flag bit is set.
the first byte after the Start condition usually determines
which device will be the slave addressed by the master. When the interrupt is serviced, the source for the inter-
The exception is the general call address which can rupt can be checked by reading the contents of the
address all devices. When this address is used, all SSPBUF. The value can be used to determine if the
devices should, in theory, respond with an Acknowledge. address was device specific or a general call address.
The general call address is one of eight addresses In 10-bit mode, the SSPADD is required to be updated
reserved for specific purposes by the I2C protocol. It for the second half of the address to match and the UA
consists of all ‘0’s with R/W = 0. bit is set (SSPSTAT<1>). If the general call address is
sampled when the GCEN bit is set, while the slave is
The general call address is recognized when the Gen-
configured in 10-bit Address mode, then the second
eral Call Enable bit (GCEN) is enabled (SSPCON2<7>
half of the address is not necessary, the UA bit will not
set). Following a Start bit detect, 8 bits are shifted into
be set and the slave will begin receiving data after the
the SSPSR and the address is compared against the
Acknowledge (Figure 9-15).
SSPADD. It is also compared to the general call
address and fixed in hardware.

FIGURE 9-15: SLAVE MODE GENERAL CALL ADDRESS SEQUENCE

(7 OR 10-BIT ADDRESS MODE)

Address is compared to general call address.

After ACK, set interrupt.

Receiving Data ACK

R/W = 0
General Call Address ACK D7
SDA D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

SCL
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
S

SSPIF

BF (SSPSTAT<0>)

Cleared in software
SSPBUF is read
SSPOV (SSPCON<6>) ‘0’

GCEN (SSPCON2<7>) ‘1’

DS39582B-page 94  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
9.4.6 MASTER MODE Note: The MSSP module, when configured in
Master mode is enabled by setting and clearing the I2C Master mode, does not allow queueing
appropriate SSPM bits in SSPCON and by setting the of events. For instance, the user is not
SSPEN bit. In Master mode, the SCL and SDA lines allowed to initiate a Start condition and
are manipulated by the MSSP hardware. immediately write the SSPBUF register to
initiate transmission before the Start condi-
Master mode of operation is supported by interrupt
tion is complete. In this case, the SSPBUF
generation on the detection of the Start and Stop con-
will not be written to and the WCOL bit will
ditions. The Stop (P) and Start (S) bits are cleared from
be set, indicating that a write to the
a Reset or when the MSSP module is disabled. Control
SSPBUF did not occur.
of the I 2C bus may be taken when the P bit is set or the
bus is Idle, with both the S and P bits clear. The following events will cause SSP Interrupt Flag bit,
In Firmware Controlled Master mode, user code SSPIF, to be set (SSP interrupt if enabled):
conducts all I 2C bus operations based on Start and • Start condition
Stop bit conditions.
• Stop condition
Once Master mode is enabled, the user has six • Data transfer byte transmitted/received
options.
• Acknowledge transmit
1. Assert a Start condition on SDA and SCL. • Repeated Start
2. Assert a Repeated Start condition on SDA and
SCL.
3. Write to the SSPBUF register, initiating
transmission of data/address.
4. Configure the I2C port to receive data.
5. Generate an Acknowledge condition at the end
of a received byte of data.
6. Generate a Stop condition on SDA and SCL.

FIGURE 9-16: MSSP BLOCK DIAGRAM (I2C MASTER MODE)

Internal SSPM3:SSPM0
Data Bus SSPADD<6:0>
Read Write

SSPBUF Baud
Rate
Generator
SDA Shift
Clock Arbitrate/WCOL Detect

SDA In Clock
SSPSR
(hold off clock source)

MSb LSb
Receive Enable

Start bit, Stop bit,

Clock Cntl

Acknowledge
Generate
SCL

Start bit Detect

Stop bit Detect
SCL In Write Collision Detect Set/Reset, S, P, WCOL (SSPSTAT)
Clock Arbitration Set SSPIF, BCLIF
Bus Collision State Counter for Reset ACKSTAT, PEN (SSPCON2)
end of XMIT/RCV

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 95

PIC16F87XA
9.4.6.1 I2C Master Mode Operation A typical transmit sequence would go as follows:
The master device generates all of the serial clock 1. The user generates a Start condition by setting
pulses and the Start and Stop conditions. A transfer is the Start Enable bit, SEN (SSPCON2<0>).
ended with a Stop condition or with a Repeated Start 2. SSPIF is set. The MSSP module will wait the
condition. Since the Repeated Start condition is also required Start time before any other operation
the beginning of the next serial transfer, the I2C bus will takes place.
not be released. 3. The user loads the SSPBUF with the slave
In Master Transmitter mode, serial data is output address to transmit.
through SDA while SCL outputs the serial clock. The 4. Address is shifted out the SDA pin until all 8 bits
first byte transmitted contains the slave address of the are transmitted.
receiving device (7 bits) and the Read/Write (R/W) bit. 5. The MSSP module shifts in the ACK bit from the
In this case, the R/W bit will be logic ‘0’. Serial data is slave device and writes its value into the
transmitted 8 bits at a time. After each byte is transmit- SSPCON2 register (SSPCON2<6>).
ted, an Acknowledge bit is received. Start and Stop
6. The MSSP module generates an interrupt at the
conditions are output to indicate the beginning and the
end of the ninth clock cycle by setting the SSPIF
end of a serial transfer.
bit.
In Master Receive mode, the first byte transmitted con- 7. The user loads the SSPBUF with eight bits of
tains the slave address of the transmitting device data.
(7 bits) and the R/W bit. In this case, the R/W bit will be
8. Data is shifted out the SDA pin until all 8 bits are
logic ‘1’. Thus, the first byte transmitted is a 7-bit slave
transmitted.
address followed by a ‘1’ to indicate the receive bit.
Serial data is received via SDA while SCL outputs the 9. The MSSP module shifts in the ACK bit from the
serial clock. Serial data is received 8 bits at a time. After slave device and writes its value into the
each byte is received, an Acknowledge bit is transmit- SSPCON2 register (SSPCON2<6>).
ted. Start and Stop conditions indicate the beginning 10. The MSSP module generates an interrupt at the
and end of transmission. end of the ninth clock cycle by setting the SSPIF
bit.
The baud rate generator used for the SPI mode opera-
tion is used to set the SCL clock frequency for either 11. The user generates a Stop condition by setting
100 kHz, 400 kHz or 1 MHz I2C operation. See the Stop Enable bit, PEN (SSPCON2<2>).
Section 9.4.7 “Baud Rate Generator” for more detail. 12. Interrupt is generated once the Stop condition is
complete.

DS39582B-page 96  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
9.4.7 BAUD RATE GENERATOR Once the given operation is complete (i.e., transmis-
sion of the last data bit is followed by ACK), the internal
In I2C Master mode, the Baud Rate Generator (BRG) clock will automatically stop counting and the SCL pin
reload value is placed in the lower 7 bits of the will remain in its last state.
SSPADD register (Figure 9-17). When a write occurs to
SSPBUF, the Baud Rate Generator will automatically Table 9-3 demonstrates clock rates based on
begin counting. The BRG counts down to 0 and stops instruction cycles and the BRG value loaded into
until another reload has taken place. The BRG count is SSPADD.
decremented twice per instruction cycle (TCY) on the
Q2 and Q4 clocks. In I2C Master mode, the BRG is
reloaded automatically.

FIGURE 9-17: BAUD RATE GENERATOR BLOCK DIAGRAM

SSPM3:SSPM0 SSPADD<6:0>

SSPM3:SSPM0 Reload Reload

SCL Control

CLKO BRG Down Counter FOSC/4

TABLE 9-3: I2C CLOCK RATE W/BRG

FSCL
FCY FCY*2 BRG Value
(2 Rollovers of BRG)
10 MHz 20 MHz 19h 400 kHz(1)
10 MHz 20 MHz 20h 312.5 kHz
10 MHz 20 MHz 3Fh 100 kHz
4 MHz 8 MHz 0Ah 400 kHz(1)
4 MHz 8 MHz 0Dh 308 kHz
4 MHz 8 MHz 28h 100 kHz
1 MHz 2 MHz 03h 333 kHz(1)
1 MHz 2 MHz 0Ah 100 kHz
1 MHz 2 MHz 00h 1 MHz(1)
Note 1: The I2Cinterface does not conform to the 400 kHz I2C specification (which applies to rates greater than
100 kHz) in all details, but may be used with care where higher rates are required by the application.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 97

PIC16F87XA
9.4.7.1 Clock Arbitration SCL pin is sampled high, the Baud Rate Generator is
reloaded with the contents of SSPADD<6:0> and
Clock arbitration occurs when the master, during any
begins counting. This ensures that the SCL high time
receive, transmit or Repeated Start/Stop condition,
will always be at least one BRG rollover count, in the
deasserts the SCL pin (SCL allowed to float high).
event that the clock is held low by an external device
When the SCL pin is allowed to float high, the Baud
(Figure 9-17).
Rate Generator (BRG) is suspended from counting
until the SCL pin is actually sampled high. When the

FIGURE 9-18: BAUD RATE GENERATOR TIMING WITH CLOCK ARBITRATION

SDA DX DX-1

SCL deasserted but slave holds SCL allowed to transition high

SCL low (clock arbitration)
SCL

BRG decrements on
Q2 and Q4 cycles

BRG
03h 02h 01h 00h (hold off) 03h 02h
Value

SCL is sampled high, reload takes

place and BRG starts its count
BRG
Reload

DS39582B-page 98  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
9.4.8 I2C MASTER MODE START 9.4.8.1 WCOL Status Flag
CONDITION TIMING If the user writes the SSPBUF when a Start sequence
To initiate a Start condition, the user sets the Start con- is in progress, the WCOL is set and the contents of the
dition enable bit, SEN (SSPCON2<0>). If the SDA and buffer are unchanged (the write doesn’t occur).
SCL pins are sampled high, the Baud Rate Generator
Note: Because queueing of events is not
is reloaded with the contents of SSPADD<6:0> and
allowed, writing to the lower 5 bits of
starts its count. If SCL and SDA are both sampled high
SSPCON2 is disabled until the Start
when the Baud Rate Generator times out (TBRG), the
condition is complete.
SDA pin is driven low. The action of the SDA being
driven low, while SCL is high, is the Start condition and
causes the S bit (SSPSTAT<3>) to be set. Following
this, the Baud Rate Generator is reloaded with the con-
tents of SSPADD<6:0> and resumes its count. When
the Baud Rate Generator times out (TBRG), the SEN bit
(SSPCON2<0>) will be automatically cleared by hard-
ware, the Baud Rate Generator is suspended, leaving
the SDA line held low and the Start condition is
complete.
Note: If at the beginning of the Start condition,
the SDA and SCL pins are already sam-
pled low, or if during the Start condition, the
SCL line is sampled low before the SDA
line is driven low, a bus collision occurs,
the Bus Collision Interrupt Flag (BCLIF) is
set, the Start condition is aborted and the
I2C module is reset into its Idle state.

FIGURE 9-19: FIRST START BIT TIMING

Set S bit (SSPSTAT<3>)

Write to SEN bit occurs here
SDA = 1,
At completion of Start bit,
SCL = 1
hardware clears SEN bit
and sets SSPIF bit
TBRG TBRG Write to SSPBUF occurs here

1st Bit 2nd Bit

SDA
TBRG

SCL
TBRG
S

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 99

PIC16F87XA
9.4.9 I2C MASTER MODE REPEATED Immediately following the SSPIF bit getting set, the user
START CONDITION TIMING may write the SSPBUF with the 7-bit address in 7-bit
mode or the default first address in 10-bit mode. After
A Repeated Start condition occurs when the RSEN bit
the first eight bits are transmitted and an ACK is
(SSPCON2<1>) is programmed high and the I2C logic
received, the user may then transmit an additional eight
module is in the Idle state. When the RSEN bit is set,
bits of address (10-bit mode) or eight bits of data (7-bit
the SCL pin is asserted low. When the SCL pin is sam-
mode).
pled low, the Baud Rate Generator is loaded with the
contents of SSPADD<5:0> and begins counting. The 9.4.9.1 WCOL Status Flag
SDA pin is released (brought high) for one Baud Rate
Generator count (TBRG). When the Baud Rate Genera- If the user writes the SSPBUF when a Repeated Start
tor times out, if SDA is sampled high, the SCL pin will sequence is in progress, the WCOL is set and the con-
be deasserted (brought high). When SCL is sampled tents of the buffer are unchanged (the write doesn’t
high, the Baud Rate Generator is reloaded with the occur).
contents of SSPADD<6:0> and begins counting. SDA Note: Because queueing of events is not
and SCL must be sampled high for one TBRG. This allowed, writing of the lower 5 bits of
action is then followed by assertion of the SDA pin SSPCON2 is disabled until the Repeated
(SDA = 0) for one TBRG while SCL is high. Following Start condition is complete.
this, the RSEN bit (SSPCON2<1>) will be automatically
cleared and the Baud Rate Generator will not be
reloaded, leaving the SDA pin held low. As soon as a
Start condition is detected on the SDA and SCL pins,
the S bit (SSPSTAT<3>) will be set. The SSPIF bit will
not be set until the Baud Rate Generator has timed out.
Note 1: If RSEN is programmed while any other
event is in progress, it will not take effect.
2: A bus collision during the Repeated Start
condition occurs if:
• SDA is sampled low when SCL goes
from low to high.
• SCL goes low before SDA is
asserted low. This may indicate that
another master is attempting to
transmit a data ‘1’.

FIGURE 9-20: REPEAT START CONDITION WAVEFORM

Set S (SSPSTAT<3>)
Write to SSPCON2
SDA = 1,
occurs here, At completion of Start bit,
SDA = 1, SCL = 1
hardware clears RSEN bit
SCL (no change) and sets SSPIF

TBRG TBRG TBRG

1st Bit
SDA
Falling edge of ninth clock, Write to SSPBUF occurs here
end of Xmit
TBRG

SCL TBRG

Sr = Repeated Start

DS39582B-page 100  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
9.4.10 I2C MASTER MODE 9.4.10.3 ACKSTAT Status Flag
TRANSMISSION In Transmit mode, the ACKSTAT bit (SSPCON2<6>) is
Transmission of a data byte, a 7-bit address or the cleared when the slave has sent an Acknowledge
other half of a 10-bit address is accomplished by simply (ACK = 0) and is set when the slave does Not Acknowl-
writing a value to the SSPBUF register. This action will edge (ACK = 1). A slave sends an Acknowledge when
set the Buffer Full flag bit, BF, and allow the Baud Rate it has recognized its address (including a general call)
Generator to begin counting and start the next trans- or when the slave has properly received its data.
mission. Each bit of address/data will be shifted out
onto the SDA pin after the falling edge of SCL is 9.4.11 I2C MASTER MODE RECEPTION
asserted (see data hold time specification, parameter Master mode reception is enabled by programming the
#106). SCL is held low for one Baud Rate Generator Receive Enable bit, RCEN (SSPCON2<3>).
rollover count (TBRG). Data should be valid before SCL
is released high (see data setup time specification, Note: The MSSP module must be in an Idle state
parameter #107). When the SCL pin is released high, it before the RCEN bit is set or the RCEN bit
is held that way for TBRG. The data on the SDA pin will be disregarded.
must remain stable for that duration and some hold The Baud Rate Generator begins counting and on each
time after the next falling edge of SCL. After the eighth rollover, the state of the SCL pin changes (high to low/
bit is shifted out (the falling edge of the eighth clock), low to high) and data is shifted into the SSPSR. After the
the BF flag is cleared and the master releases SDA. falling edge of the eighth clock, the receive enable flag
This allows the slave device being addressed to is automatically cleared, the contents of the SSPSR are
respond with an ACK bit during the ninth bit time, if an loaded into the SSPBUF, the BF flag bit is set, the
address match occurred or if data was received prop- SSPIF flag bit is set and the Baud Rate Generator is
erly. The status of ACK is written into the ACKDT bit on suspended from counting, holding SCL low. The MSSP
the falling edge of the ninth clock. If the master receives is now in Idle state, awaiting the next command. When
an Acknowledge, the Acknowledge Status bit, the buffer is read by the CPU, the BF flag bit is automat-
ACKSTAT, is cleared. If not, the bit is set. After the ninth ically cleared. The user can then send an Acknowledge
clock, the SSPIF bit is set and the master clock (Baud bit at the end of reception by setting the Acknowledge
Rate Generator) is suspended until the next data byte Sequence Enable bit, ACKEN (SSPCON2<4>).
is loaded into the SSPBUF, leaving SCL low and SDA
unchanged (Figure 9-21). 9.4.11.1 BF Status Flag
After the write to the SSPBUF, each bit of address will In receive operation, the BF bit is set when an address
be shifted out on the falling edge of SCL, until all seven or data byte is loaded into SSPBUF from SSPSR. It is
address bits and the R/W bit are completed. On the fall- cleared when the SSPBUF register is read.
ing edge of the eighth clock, the master will deassert
the SDA pin, allowing the slave to respond with an 9.4.11.2 SSPOV Status Flag
Acknowledge. On the falling edge of the ninth clock, the
In receive operation, the SSPOV bit is set when 8 bits
master will sample the SDA pin to see if the address
are received into the SSPSR and the BF flag bit is
was recognized by a slave. The status of the ACK bit is
already set from a previous reception.
loaded into the ACKSTAT status bit (SSPCON2<6>).
Following the falling edge of the ninth clock transmis- 9.4.11.3 WCOL Status Flag
sion of the address, the SSPIF is set, the BF flag is
cleared and the Baud Rate Generator is turned off until If the user writes the SSPBUF when a receive is
another write to the SSPBUF takes place, holding SCL already in progress (i.e., SSPSR is still shifting in a data
low and allowing SDA to float. byte), the WCOL bit is set and the contents of the buffer
are unchanged (the write doesn’t occur).
9.4.10.1 BF Status Flag
In Transmit mode, the BF bit (SSPSTAT<0>) is set
when the CPU writes to SSPBUF and is cleared when
all eight bits are shifted out.

9.4.10.2 WCOL Status Flag

If the user writes the SSPBUF when a transmit is
already in progress (i.e., SSPSR is still shifting out a
data byte), the WCOL is set and the contents of the
buffer are unchanged (the write doesn’t occur).
WCOL must be cleared in software.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 101

 FIGURE 9-21:

DS39582B-page 102
Write SSPCON2<0> SEN = 1 ACKSTAT in
Start condition begins SSPCON2 = 1
From Slave, clear ACKSTAT bit SSPCON2<6>
SEN = 0
Transmitting Data or Second Half
PIC16F87XA

Transmit Address to Slave R/W = 0 of 10-bit Address ACK

SDA A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 ACK = 0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

SSPBUF written with 7-bit address and R/W.

Start transmit.
SCL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
S P
SCL held low
while CPU
responds to SSPIF
SSPIF
Cleared in software service routine
Cleared in software from SSP interrupt
Cleared in software

BF (SSPSTAT<0>)

SSPBUF written SSPBUF is written in software

SEN

After Start condition, SEN cleared by hardware

PEN

R/W
I 2C MASTER MODE WAVEFORM (TRANSMISSION, 7 OR 10-BIT ADDRESS)

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 FIGURE 9-22:

Write to SSPCON2<4>
to start Acknowledge sequence,
SDA = ACKDT (SSPCON2<5>) = 0
Write to SSPCON2<0> (SEN = 1),
begin Start condition Set ACKEN, start Acknowledge sequence,
Master configured as a receiver ACK from master
by programming SSPCON2<3> (RCEN = 1) SDA = ACKDT = 0 SDA = ACKDT = 1
SEN = 0

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

Write to SSPBUF occurs here, PEN bit = 1
RCEN cleared RCEN = 1, start RCEN cleared
start XMIT automatically next receive automatically written here
ACK from Slave
Transmit Address to Slave R/W = 1 Receiving Data from Slave Receiving Data from Slave
SDA A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 ACK D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 ACK D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 ACK

Bus master
ACK is not sent
terminates
transfer
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
SCL S P
Data shifted in on falling edge of CLK Set SSPIF at end
of receive Set SSPIF interrupt
Set SSPIF interrupt at end of Acknow-
Set SSPIF interrupt ledge sequence
at end of receive at end of Acknowledge
SSPIF sequence
Set P bit
SDA = 0, SCL = 1 Cleared in software Cleared in software Cleared in software Cleared in software Cleared in (SSPSTAT<4>)
while CPU software and SSPIF
responds to SSPIF

BF
(SSPSTAT<0>) Last bit is shifted into SSPSR and
contents are unloaded into SSPBUF

SSPOV

SSPOV is set because

SSPBUF is still full

ACKEN
I 2C MASTER MODE WAVEFORM (RECEPTION, 7-BIT ADDRESS)

DS39582B-page 103
PIC16F87XA
PIC16F87XA
9.4.12 ACKNOWLEDGE SEQUENCE 9.4.13 STOP CONDITION TIMING
TIMING A Stop bit is asserted on the SDA pin at the end of a
An Acknowledge sequence is enabled by setting the receive/transmit by setting the Stop Sequence Enable
Acknowledge Sequence Enable bit, ACKEN bit, PEN (SSPCON2<2>). At the end of a receive/
(SSPCON2<4>). When this bit is set, the SCL pin is transmit, the SCL line is held low after the falling edge
pulled low and the contents of the Acknowledge data bit of the ninth clock. When the PEN bit is set, the master
are presented on the SDA pin. If the user wishes to gen- will assert the SDA line low. When the SDA line is sam-
erate an Acknowledge, then the ACKDT bit should be pled low, the Baud Rate Generator is reloaded and
cleared. If not, the user should set the ACKDT bit before counts down to 0. When the Baud Rate Generator
starting an Acknowledge sequence. The Baud Rate times out, the SCL pin will be brought high and one
Generator then counts for one rollover period (TBRG) TBRG (Baud Rate Generator rollover count) later, the
and the SCL pin is deasserted (pulled high). When the SDA pin will be deasserted. When the SDA pin is sam-
SCL pin is sampled high (clock arbitration), the Baud pled high while SCL is high, the P bit (SSPSTAT<4>) is
Rate Generator counts for TBRG. The SCL pin is then set. A TBRG later, the PEN bit is cleared and the SSPIF
pulled low. Following this, the ACKEN bit is automatically bit is set (Figure 9-24).
cleared, the baud rate generator is turned off and the
MSSP module then goes into Idle mode (Figure 9-23). 9.4.13.1 WCOL Status Flag
If the user writes the SSPBUF when a Stop sequence
9.4.12.1 WCOL Status Flag is in progress, then the WCOL bit is set and the con-
If the user writes the SSPBUF when an Acknowledge tents of the buffer are unchanged (the write doesn’t
sequence is in progress, then WCOL is set and the occur).
contents of the buffer are unchanged (the write doesn’t
occur).

FIGURE 9-23: ACKNOWLEDGE SEQUENCE WAVEFORM

Acknowledge sequence starts here, ACKEN automatically cleared
write to SSPCON2
ACKEN = 1, ACKDT = 0
TBRG TBRG
SDA D0 ACK

SCL 8 9

SSPIF

Set SSPIF at the end Cleared in

Cleared in software
of receive
software Set SSPIF at the end
of Acknowledge sequence

Note: TBRG = one Baud Rate Generator period.

FIGURE 9-24: STOP CONDITION RECEIVE OR TRANSMIT MODE

Write to SSPCON2, SCL = 1 for TBRG, followed by SDA = 1 for TBRG

set PEN after SDA sampled high. P bit (SSPSTAT<4>) is set.
Falling edge of PEN bit (SSPCON2<2>) is cleared by
9th clock hardware and the SSPIF bit is set
TBRG
SCL

SDA ACK

P
TBRG TBRG TBRG
SCL brought high after TBRG
SDA asserted low before rising edge of clock
to setup Stop condition

Note: TBRG = one Baud Rate Generator period.

DS39582B-page 104  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
9.4.14 SLEEP OPERATION 9.4.17 MULTI -MASTER COMMUNICATION,
2
While in Sleep mode, the I C module can receive BUS COLLISION AND BUS
addresses or data and when an address match or com- ARBITRATION
plete byte transfer occurs, wake the processor from Multi-Master mode support is achieved by bus arbitra-
Sleep (if the MSSP interrupt is enabled). tion. When the master outputs address/data bits onto
the SDA pin, arbitration takes place when the master
9.4.15 EFFECT OF A RESET
outputs a ‘1’ on SDA by letting SDA float high and
A Reset disables the MSSP module and terminates the another master asserts a ‘0’. When the SCL pin floats
current transfer. high, data should be stable. If the expected data on
SDA is a ‘1’ and the data sampled on the SDA pin = 0,
9.4.16 MULTI-MASTER MODE then a bus collision has taken place. The master will set
In Multi-Master mode, the interrupt generation on the the Bus Collision Interrupt Flag, BCLIF, and reset the
detection of the Start and Stop conditions allows the I2C port to its Idle state (Figure 9-25).
determination of when the bus is free. The Stop (P) and If a transmit was in progress when the bus collision
Start (S) bits are cleared from a Reset or when the occurred, the transmission is halted, the BF flag is
MSSP module is disabled. Control of the I 2C bus may cleared, the SDA and SCL lines are deasserted and the
be taken when the P bit (SSPSTAT<4>) is set, or the SSPBUF can be written to. When the user services the
bus is Idle, with both the S and P bits clear. When the bus collision Interrupt Service Routine and if the I2C
bus is busy, enabling the SSP interrupt will generate bus is free, the user can resume communication by
the interrupt when the Stop condition occurs. asserting a Start condition.
In multi-master operation, the SDA line must be If a Start, Repeated Start, Stop or Acknowledge condition
monitored for arbitration to see if the signal level is at was in progress when the bus collision occurred, the con-
the expected output level. This check is performed in dition is aborted, the SDA and SCL lines are deasserted
hardware with the result placed in the BCLIF bit. and the respective control bits in the SSPCON2 register
The states where arbitration can be lost are: are cleared. When the user services the bus collision
Interrupt Service Routine and if the I2C bus is free, the
• Address Transfer
user can resume communication by asserting a Start
• Data Transfer condition.
• A Start Condition
The Master will continue to monitor the SDA and SCL
• A Repeated Start Condition pins. If a Stop condition occurs, the SSPIF bit will be set.
• An Acknowledge Condition
A write to the SSPBUF will start the transmission of
data at the first data bit regardless of where the
transmitter left off when the bus collision occurred.
In Multi-Master mode, the interrupt generation on the
detection of Start and Stop conditions allows the determi-
nation of when the bus is free. Control of the I2C bus can
be taken when the P bit is set in the SSPSTAT register or
the bus is Idle and the S and P bits are cleared.

FIGURE 9-25: BUS COLLISION TIMING FOR TRANSMIT AND ACKNOWLEDGE

Data changes SDA line pulled low Sample SDA. While SCL is high,
while SCL = 0 by another source data doesn’t match what is driven
by the master. Bus collision has occurred.
SDA released
by master

SDA

SCL Set bus collision

interrupt (BCLIF)

BCLIF

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 105

PIC16F87XA
9.4.17.1 Bus Collision During a Start If the SDA pin is sampled low during this count, the
Condition BRG is reset and the SDA line is asserted early
(Figure 9-28). If, however, a ‘1’ is sampled on the SDA
During a Start condition, a bus collision occurs if:
pin, the SDA pin is asserted low at the end of the BRG
a) SDA or SCL are sampled low at the beginning of count. The Baud Rate Generator is then reloaded and
the Start condition (Figure 9-26). counts down to 0 and during this time, if the SCL pin is
b) SCL is sampled low before SDA is asserted low sampled as ‘0’, a bus collision does not occur. At the
(Figure 9-27). end of the BRG count, the SCL pin is asserted low.
During a Start condition, both the SDA and the SCL Note: The reason that bus collision is not a factor
pins are monitored. during a Start condition is that no two bus
If the SDA pin is already low, or the SCL pin is already masters can assert a Start condition at the
low, then all of the following occur: exact same time. Therefore, one master
will always assert SDA before the other.
• the Start condition is aborted,
This condition does not cause a bus colli-
• the BCLIF flag is set and sion because the two masters must be
• the MSSP module is reset to its Idle state allowed to arbitrate the first address fol-
(Figure 9-26). lowing the Start condition. If the address is
The Start condition begins with the SDA and SCL pins the same, arbitration must be allowed to
deasserted. When the SDA pin is sampled high, the continue into the data portion, Repeated
Baud Rate Generator is loaded from SSPADD<6:0> Start or Stop conditions.
and counts down to 0. If the SCL pin is sampled low
while SDA is high, a bus collision occurs because it is
assumed that another master is attempting to drive a
data ‘1’ during the Start condition.

FIGURE 9-26: BUS COLLISION DURING START CONDITION (SDA ONLY)

SDA goes low before the SEN bit is set.

Set BCLIF,
S bit and SSPIF set because
SDA = 0, SCL = 1.

SDA

SCL
Set SEN, enable Start SEN cleared automatically because of bus collision.
condition if SDA = 1, SCL = 1 SSP module reset into Idle state.
SEN

SDA sampled low before

Start condition. Set BCLIF.
S bit and SSPIF set because
BCLIF SDA = 0, SCL = 1.
SSPIF and BCLIF are
cleared in software

SSPIF

SSPIF and BCLIF are

cleared in software

DS39582B-page 106  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
FIGURE 9-27: BUS COLLISION DURING START CONDITION (SCL = 0)

SDA = 0, SCL = 1

TBRG TBRG
SDA

SCL Set SEN, enable Start

sequence if SDA = 1, SCL = 1
SCL = 0 before SDA = 0,
bus collision occurs. Set BCLIF.
SEN
SCL = 0 before BRG time-out,
bus collision occurs. Set BCLIF.
BCLIF
Interrupt cleared
in software
S ‘0’ ‘0’

SSPIF ‘0’ ‘0’

FIGURE 9-28: BRG RESET DUE TO SDA ARBITRATION DURING START CONDITION

SDA = 0, SCL = 1
Set S Set SSPIF
Less than TBRG
TBRG

SDA SDA pulled low by other master.

Reset BRG and assert SDA.

SCL S
SCL pulled low after BRG
time-out
SEN
Set SEN, enable Start
sequence if SDA = 1, SCL = 1
BCLIF ‘0’

SSPIF
SDA = 0, SCL = 1, Interrupts cleared
set SSPIF in software

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 107

PIC16F87XA
9.4.17.2 Bus Collision During a Repeated reloaded and begins counting. If SDA goes from high to
Start Condition low before the BRG times out, no bus collision occurs
because no two masters can assert SDA at exactly the
During a Repeated Start condition, a bus collision
same time.
occurs if:
If SCL goes from high to low before the BRG times out
a) A low level is sampled on SDA when SCL goes
and SDA has not already been asserted, a bus collision
from low level to high level.
occurs. In this case, another master is attempting to
b) SCL goes low before SDA is asserted low, transmit a data ‘1’ during the Repeated Start condition
indicating that another master is attempting to (Figure 9-30).
transmit a data ‘1’.
If at the end of the BRG time-out, both SCL and SDA
When the user deasserts SDA and the pin is allowed to are still high, the SDA pin is driven low and the BRG is
float high, the BRG is loaded with SSPADD<6:0> and reloaded and begins counting. At the end of the count,
counts down to 0. The SCL pin is then deasserted and regardless of the status of the SCL pin, the SCL pin is
when sampled high, the SDA pin is sampled. driven low and the Repeated Start condition is
If SDA is low, a bus collision has occurred (i.e., another complete.
master is attempting to transmit a data ‘0’, see
Figure 9-29). If SDA is sampled high, the BRG is

FIGURE 9-29: BUS COLLISION DURING A REPEATED START CONDITION (CASE 1)

SDA

SCL
Sample SDA when SCL goes high.
If SDA = 0, set BCLIF and release SDA and SCL.

RSEN

BCLIF

Cleared in software
S ‘0’

SSPIF ‘0’

FIGURE 9-30: BUS COLLISION DURING REPEATED START CONDITION (CASE 2)

TBRG TBRG

SDA

SCL

SCL goes low before SDA,

BCLIF set BCLIF. Release SDA and SCL.
Interrupt cleared
in software
RSEN

S ‘0’

SSPIF

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 PIC16F87XA
9.4.17.3 Bus Collision During a Stop The Stop condition begins with SDA asserted low.
Condition When SDA is sampled low, the SCL pin is allowed to
float. When the pin is sampled high (clock arbitration),
Bus collision occurs during a Stop condition if:
the Baud Rate Generator is loaded with SSPADD<6:0>
a) After the SDA pin has been deasserted and and counts down to 0. After the BRG times out, SDA is
allowed to float high, SDA is sampled low after sampled. If SDA is sampled low, a bus collision has
the BRG has timed out. occurred. This is due to another master attempting to
b) After the SCL pin is deasserted, SCL is sampled drive a data ‘0’ (Figure 9-31). If the SCL pin is sampled
low before SDA goes high. low before SDA is allowed to float high, a bus collision
occurs. This is another case of another master
attempting to drive a data ‘0’ (Figure 9-32).

FIGURE 9-31: BUS COLLISION DURING A STOP CONDITION (CASE 1)

TBRG TBRG TBRG SDA sampled

low after TBRG,
set BCLIF
SDA

SDA asserted low

SCL

PEN

BCLIF

P ‘0’

SSPIF ‘0’

FIGURE 9-32: BUS COLLISION DURING A STOP CONDITION (CASE 2)

TBRG TBRG TBRG

SDA
SCL goes low before SDA goes high,
Assert SDA
set BCLIF
SCL

PEN

BCLIF

P ‘0’

SSPIF ‘0’

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 109

PIC16F87XA
NOTES:

DS39582B-page 110  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
10.0 ADDRESSABLE UNIVERSAL The USART can be configured in the following modes:
SYNCHRONOUS • Asynchronous (full-duplex)
ASYNCHRONOUS RECEIVER • Synchronous – Master (half-duplex)
TRANSMITTER (USART) • Synchronous – Slave (half-duplex)
Bit SPEN (RCSTA<7>) and bits TRISC<7:6> have to be
The Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver
set in order to configure pins RC6/TX/CK and RC7/RX/DT
Transmitter (USART) module is one of the two serial
as the Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver
I/O modules. (USART is also known as a Serial
Transmitter.
Communications Interface or SCI.) The USART can be
configured as a full-duplex asynchronous system that The USART module also has a multi-processor
can communicate with peripheral devices, such as communication capability using 9-bit address detection.
CRT terminals and personal computers, or it can be
configured as a half-duplex synchronous system that
can communicate with peripheral devices, such as A/D
or D/A integrated circuits, serial EEPROMs, etc.

REGISTER 10-1: TXSTA: TRANSMIT STATUS AND CONTROL REGISTER (ADDRESS 98h)
R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 R/W-0 R-1 R/W-0
CSRC TX9 TXEN SYNC — BRGH TRMT TX9D
bit 7 bit 0

bit 7 CSRC: Clock Source Select bit

Asynchronous mode:
Don’t care.
Synchronous mode:
1 = Master mode (clock generated internally from BRG)
0 = Slave mode (clock from external source)
bit 6 TX9: 9-bit Transmit Enable bit
1 = Selects 9-bit transmission
0 = Selects 8-bit transmission
bit 5 TXEN: Transmit Enable bit
1 = Transmit enabled
0 = Transmit disabled
Note: SREN/CREN overrides TXEN in Sync mode.
bit 4 SYNC: USART Mode Select bit
1 = Synchronous mode
0 = Asynchronous mode
bit 3 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 2 BRGH: High Baud Rate Select bit
Asynchronous mode:
1 = High speed
0 = Low speed
Synchronous mode:
Unused in this mode.
bit 1 TRMT: Transmit Shift Register Status bit
1 = TSR empty
0 = TSR full
bit 0 TX9D: 9th bit of Transmit Data, can be Parity bit

Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 111

PIC16F87XA
REGISTER 10-2: RCSTA: RECEIVE STATUS AND CONTROL REGISTER (ADDRESS 18h)
R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R-0 R-0 R-x
SPEN RX9 SREN CREN ADDEN FERR OERR RX9D
bit 7 bit 0

bit 7 SPEN: Serial Port Enable bit

1 = Serial port enabled (configures RC7/RX/DT and RC6/TX/CK pins as serial port pins)
0 = Serial port disabled
bit 6 RX9: 9-bit Receive Enable bit
1 = Selects 9-bit reception
0 = Selects 8-bit reception
bit 5 SREN: Single Receive Enable bit
Asynchronous mode:
Don’t care.
Synchronous mode – Master:
1 = Enables single receive
0 = Disables single receive
This bit is cleared after reception is complete.
Synchronous mode – Slave:
Don’t care.
bit 4 CREN: Continuous Receive Enable bit
Asynchronous mode:
1 = Enables continuous receive
0 = Disables continuous receive
Synchronous mode:
1 = Enables continuous receive until enable bit CREN is cleared (CREN overrides SREN)
0 = Disables continuous receive
bit 3 ADDEN: Address Detect Enable bit
Asynchronous mode 9-bit (RX9 = 1):
1 = Enables address detection, enables interrupt and load of the receive buffer when RSR<8>
is set
0 = Disables address detection, all bytes are received and ninth bit can be used as parity bit
bit 2 FERR: Framing Error bit
1 = Framing error (can be updated by reading RCREG register and receive next valid byte)
0 = No framing error
bit 1 OERR: Overrun Error bit
1 = Overrun error (can be cleared by clearing bit CREN)
0 = No overrun error
bit 0 RX9D: 9th bit of Received Data (can be parity bit but must be calculated by user firmware)

Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

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 PIC16F87XA
10.1 USART Baud Rate Generator It may be advantageous to use the high baud rate
(BRG) (BRGH = 1) even for slower baud clocks. This is
because the FOSC/(16 (X + 1)) equation can reduce the
The BRG supports both the Asynchronous and Syn- baud rate error in some cases.
chronous modes of the USART. It is a dedicated 8-bit
Writing a new value to the SPBRG register causes the
baud rate generator. The SPBRG register controls the
BRG timer to be reset (or cleared). This ensures the
period of a free running 8-bit timer. In Asynchronous
BRG does not wait for a timer overflow before
mode, bit BRGH (TXSTA<2>) also controls the baud
outputting the new baud rate.
rate. In Synchronous mode, bit BRGH is ignored.
Table 10-1 shows the formula for computation of the 10.1.1 SAMPLING
baud rate for different USART modes which only apply
in Master mode (internal clock). The data on the RC7/RX/DT pin is sampled three times
by a majority detect circuit to determine if a high or a
Given the desired baud rate and FOSC, the nearest low level is present at the RX pin.
integer value for the SPBRG register can be calculated
using the formula in Table 10-1. From this, the error in
baud rate can be determined.

TABLE 10-1: BAUD RATE FORMULA

SYNC BRGH = 0 (Low Speed) BRGH = 1 (High Speed)
0 (Asynchronous) Baud Rate = FOSC/(64 (X + 1)) Baud Rate = FOSC/(16 (X + 1))
1 (Synchronous) Baud Rate = FOSC/(4 (X + 1)) N/A
Legend: X = value in SPBRG (0 to 255)

TABLE 10-2: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH BAUD RATE GENERATOR

Value on
Value on:
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 all other
POR, BOR
Resets
98h TXSTA CSRC TX9 TXEN SYNC — BRGH TRMT TX9D 0000 -010 0000 -010
18h RCSTA SPEN RX9 SREN CREN ADDEN FERR OERR RX9D 0000 000x 0000 000x
99h SPBRG Baud Rate Generator Register 0000 0000 0000 0000
Legend: x = unknown, - = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by the BRG.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 113

PIC16F87XA
TABLE 10-3: BAUD RATES FOR ASYNCHRONOUS MODE (BRGH = 0)
FOSC = 20 MHz FOSC = 16 MHz FOSC = 10 MHz
BAUD
RATE SPBRG SPBRG SPBRG
% % %
(K) value value value
KBAUD ERROR KBAUD ERROR KBAUD ERROR
(decimal) (decimal) (decimal)
0.3 - - - - - - - - -
1.2 1.221 1.75 255 1.202 0.17 207 1.202 0.17 129
2.4 2.404 0.17 129 2.404 0.17 103 2.404 0.17 64
9.6 9.766 1.73 31 9.615 0.16 25 9.766 1.73 15
19.2 19.531 1.72 15 19.231 0.16 12 19.531 1.72 7
28.8 31.250 8.51 9 27.778 3.55 8 31.250 8.51 4
33.6 34.722 3.34 8 35.714 6.29 6 31.250 6.99 4
57.6 62.500 8.51 4 62.500 8.51 3 52.083 9.58 2
HIGH 1.221 - 255 0.977 - 255 0.610 - 255
LOW 312.500 - 0 250.000 - 0 156.250 - 0

FOSC = 4 MHz FOSC = 3.6864 MHz

BAUD
RATE SPBRG SPBRG
% %
(K) value value
ERROR ERROR
KBAUD (decimal) KBAUD (decimal)
0.3 0.300 0 207 0.3 0 191
1.2 1.202 0.17 51 1.2 0 47
2.4 2.404 0.17 25 2.4 0 23
9.6 8.929 6.99 6 9.6 0 5
19.2 20.833 8.51 2 19.2 0 2
28.8 31.250 8.51 1 28.8 0 1
33.6 - - - - - -
57.6 62.500 8.51 0 57.6 0 0
HIGH 0.244 - 255 0.225 - 255
LOW 62.500 - 0 57.6 - 0

TABLE 10-4: BAUD RATES FOR ASYNCHRONOUS MODE (BRGH = 1)

FOSC = 20 MHz FOSC = 16 MHz FOSC = 10 MHz
BAUD
RATE SPBRG SPBRG SPBRG
% % %
(K) value value value
KBAUD ERROR KBAUD ERROR KBAUD ERROR
(decimal) (decimal) (decimal)
0.3 - - - - - - - - -
1.2 - - - - - - - - -
2.4 - - - - - - 2.441 1.71 255
9.6 9.615 0.16 129 9.615 0.16 103 9.615 0.16 64
19.2 19.231 0.16 64 19.231 0.16 51 19.531 1.72 31
28.8 29.070 0.94 42 29.412 2.13 33 28.409 1.36 21
33.6 33.784 0.55 36 33.333 0.79 29 32.895 2.10 18
57.6 59.524 3.34 20 58.824 2.13 16 56.818 1.36 10
HIGH 4.883 - 255 3.906 - 255 2.441 - 255
LOW 1250.000 - 0 1000.000 0 625.000 - 0

FOSC = 4 MHz FOSC = 3.6864 MHz

BAUD
RATE SPBRG SPBRG
% %
(K) value value
ERROR ERROR
KBAUD (decimal) KBAUD (decimal)
0.3 - - - - - -
1.2 1.202 0.17 207 1.2 0 191
2.4 2.404 0.17 103 2.4 0 95
9.6 9.615 0.16 25 9.6 0 23
19.2 19.231 0.16 12 19.2 0 11
28.8 27.798 3.55 8 28.8 0 7
33.6 35.714 6.29 6 32.9 2.04 6
57.6 62.500 8.51 3 57.6 0 3
HIGH 0.977 - 255 0.9 - 255
LOW 250.000 - 0 230.4 - 0

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 PIC16F87XA
10.2 USART Asynchronous Mode enabled/disabled by setting/clearing enable bit, TXIE
(PIE1<4>). Flag bit TXIF will be set regardless of the
In this mode, the USART uses standard Non-Return- state of enable bit TXIE and cannot be cleared in soft-
to-Zero (NRZ) format (one Start bit, eight or nine data ware. It will reset only when new data is loaded into the
bits and one Stop bit). The most common data format TXREG register. While flag bit TXIF indicates the status
is 8 bits. An on-chip, dedicated, 8-bit Baud Rate of the TXREG register, another bit, TRMT (TXSTA<1>),
Generator can be used to derive standard baud rate shows the status of the TSR register. Status bit TRMT
frequencies from the oscillator. The USART transmits is a read-only bit which is set when the TSR register is
and receives the LSb first. The transmitter and receiver empty. No interrupt logic is tied to this bit so the user
are functionally independent but use the same data has to poll this bit in order to determine if the TSR
format and baud rate. The baud rate generator register is empty.
produces a clock, either x16 or x64 of the bit shift rate,
depending on bit BRGH (TXSTA<2>). Parity is not Note 1: The TSR register is not mapped in data
supported by the hardware but can be implemented in memory so it is not available to the user.
software (and stored as the ninth data bit). 2: Flag bit TXIF is set when enable bit TXEN
Asynchronous mode is stopped during Sleep. is set. TXIF is cleared by loading TXREG.
Asynchronous mode is selected by clearing bit SYNC Transmission is enabled by setting enable bit, TXEN
(TXSTA<4>). (TXSTA<5>). The actual transmission will not occur
The USART Asynchronous module consists of the until the TXREG register has been loaded with data
following important elements: and the Baud Rate Generator (BRG) has produced a
shift clock (Figure 10-2). The transmission can also be
• Baud Rate Generator
started by first loading the TXREG register and then
• Sampling Circuit setting enable bit TXEN. Normally, when transmission
• Asynchronous Transmitter is first started, the TSR register is empty. At that point,
• Asynchronous Receiver transfer to the TXREG register will result in an immedi-
ate transfer to TSR, resulting in an empty TXREG. A
10.2.1 USART ASYNCHRONOUS back-to-back transfer is thus possible (Figure 10-3).
TRANSMITTER Clearing enable bit TXEN during a transmission will
cause the transmission to be aborted and will reset the
The USART transmitter block diagram is shown in
transmitter. As a result, the RC6/TX/CK pin will revert
Figure 10-1. The heart of the transmitter is the Transmit
to high-impedance.
(Serial) Shift Register (TSR). The shift register obtains
its data from the Read/Write Transmit Buffer, TXREG. In order to select 9-bit transmission, transmit bit TX9
The TXREG register is loaded with data in software. (TXSTA<6>) should be set and the ninth bit should be
The TSR register is not loaded until the Stop bit has written to TX9D (TXSTA<0>). The ninth bit must be
been transmitted from the previous load. As soon as written before writing the 8-bit data to the TXREG reg-
the Stop bit is transmitted, the TSR is loaded with new ister. This is because a data write to the TXREG regis-
data from the TXREG register (if available). Once the ter can result in an immediate transfer of the data to the
TXREG register transfers the data to the TSR register TSR register (if the TSR is empty). In such a case, an
(occurs in one TCY), the TXREG register is empty and incorrect ninth data bit may be loaded in the TSR
flag bit, TXIF (PIR1<4>), is set. This interrupt can be register.

FIGURE 10-1: USART TRANSMIT BLOCK DIAGRAM

Data Bus
TXIF TXREG Register
TXIE
8
MSb LSb
(8) • • • 0 Pin Buffer
and Control
TSR Register RC6/TX/CK pin
Interrupt

TXEN Baud Rate CLK

TRMT SPEN
SPBRG

Baud Rate Generator TX9

TX9D

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PIC16F87XA
When setting up an Asynchronous Transmission, 5. Enable the transmission by setting bit TXEN,
follow these steps: which will also set bit TXIF.
1. Initialize the SPBRG register for the appropriate 6. If 9-bit transmission is selected, the ninth bit
baud rate. If a high-speed baud rate is desired, should be loaded in bit TX9D.
set bit BRGH (Section 10.1 “USART Baud 7. Load data to the TXREG register (starts
Rate Generator (BRG)”). transmission).
2. Enable the asynchronous serial port by clearing 8. If using interrupts, ensure that GIE and PEIE
bit SYNC and setting bit SPEN. (bits 7 and 6) of the INTCON register are set.
3. If interrupts are desired, then set enable bit TXIE.
4. If 9-bit transmission is desired, then set transmit
bit TX9.

FIGURE 10-2: ASYNCHRONOUS MASTER TRANSMISSION

Write to TXREG
Word 1
BRG Output
(Shift Clock)
RC6/TX/CK (pin)
Start Bit Bit 0 Bit 1 Bit 7/8 Stop Bit
Word 1
TXIF bit
(Transmit Buffer
Reg. Empty Flag)

TRMT bit Word 1

Transmit Shift Reg
(Transmit Shift
Reg. Empty Flag)

FIGURE 10-3: ASYNCHRONOUS MASTER TRANSMISSION (BACK TO BACK)

Write to TXREG
Word 1 Word 2
BRG Output
(Shift Clock)
RC6/TX/CK (pin)
Start Bit Bit 0 Bit 1 Bit 7/8 Stop Bit Start Bit Bit 0
TXIF bit Word 1 Word 2
(Interrupt Reg. Flag)

TRMT bit Word 1

(Transmit Shift Word 2
Transmit Shift Reg. Transmit Shift Reg.
Reg. Empty Flag)

Note: This timing diagram shows two consecutive transmissions.

TABLE 10-5: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION

Value on
Value on:
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 all other
POR, BOR
Resets
0Bh, 8Bh, INTCON GIE PEIE TMR0IE INTE RBIE TMR0IF INTF R0IF 0000 000x 0000 000u
10Bh,18Bh
0Ch PIR1 PSPIF(1) ADIF RCIF TXIF SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 0000 0000 0000 0000
18h RCSTA SPEN RX9 SREN CREN — FERR OERR RX9D 0000 -00x 0000 -00x
19h TXREG USART Transmit Register 0000 0000 0000 0000
8Ch PIE1 PSPIE(1) ADIE RCIE TXIE SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 0000 0000 0000 0000
98h TXSTA CSRC TX9 TXEN SYNC — BRGH TRMT TX9D 0000 -010 0000 -010
99h SPBRG Baud Rate Generator Register 0000 0000 0000 0000
Legend: x = unknown, - = unimplemented locations read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for asynchronous transmission.
Note 1: Bits PSPIE and PSPIF are reserved on 28-pin devices; always maintain these bits clear.

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 PIC16F87XA
10.2.2 USART ASYNCHRONOUS is possible for two bytes of data to be received and
RECEIVER transferred to the RCREG FIFO and a third byte to
begin shifting to the RSR register. On the detection of
The receiver block diagram is shown in Figure 10-4.
the Stop bit of the third byte, if the RCREG register is
The data is received on the RC7/RX/DT pin and drives
still full, the Overrun Error bit, OERR (RCSTA<1>), will
the data recovery block. The data recovery block is
be set. The word in the RSR will be lost. The RCREG
actually a high-speed shifter, operating at x16 times the
register can be read twice to retrieve the two bytes in
baud rate; whereas the main receive serial shifter
the FIFO. Overrun bit OERR has to be cleared in soft-
operates at the bit rate or at FOSC.
ware. This is done by resetting the receive logic (CREN
Once Asynchronous mode is selected, reception is is cleared and then set). If bit OERR is set, transfers
enabled by setting bit CREN (RCSTA<4>). from the RSR register to the RCREG register are inhib-
The heart of the receiver is the Receive (Serial) Shift ited and no further data will be received. It is, therefore,
Register (RSR). After sampling the Stop bit, the essential to clear error bit OERR if it is set. Framing
received data in the RSR is transferred to the RCREG error bit, FERR (RCSTA<2>), is set if a Stop bit is
register (if it is empty). If the transfer is complete, flag detected as clear. Bit FERR and the 9th receive bit are
bit, RCIF (PIR1<5>), is set. The actual interrupt can be buffered the same way as the receive data. Reading
enabled/disabled by setting/clearing enable bit, RCIE the RCREG will load bits RX9D and FERR with new
(PIE1<5>). Flag bit RCIF is a read-only bit which is values, therefore, it is essential for the user to read the
cleared by the hardware. It is cleared when the RCREG RCSTA register before reading the RCREG register in
register has been read and is empty. The RCREG is a order not to lose the old FERR and RX9D information.
double-buffered register (i.e., it is a two-deep FIFO). It

FIGURE 10-4: USART RECEIVE BLOCK DIAGRAM

x64 Baud Rate CLK FERR

OERR
CREN
FOSC
SPBRG
÷64 MSb RSR Register LSb
or
Baud Rate Generator ÷16 Stop (8) 7 • • • 1 0 Start

RC7/RX/DT
Pin Buffer Data
and Control Recovery RX9

SPEN RX9D RCREG Register

FIFO

Interrupt RCIF
Data Bus
RCIE

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 117

PIC16F87XA
FIGURE 10-5: ASYNCHRONOUS RECEPTION

RX (pin) Start Start Start

bit bit 0 bit 1 bit 7/8 Stop bit bit 0 bit 7/8 Stop bit bit 7/8 Stop
bit bit bit
Rcv Shift
Reg
Rcv Buffer Reg
Word 1 Word 2
RCREG RCREG
Read Rcv
Buffer Reg
RCREG

RCIF
(Interrupt Flag)

OERR bit
CREN

Note: This timing diagram shows three words appearing on the RX input. The RCREG (Receive Buffer) is read after the third word,
causing the OERR (Overrun Error) bit to be set.

When setting up an Asynchronous Reception, follow 6. Flag bit RCIF will be set when reception is com-
these steps: plete and an interrupt will be generated if enable
1. Initialize the SPBRG register for the appropriate bit RCIE is set.
baud rate. If a high-speed baud rate is desired, 7. Read the RCSTA register to get the ninth bit (if
set bit BRGH (Section 10.1 “USART Baud enabled) and determine if any error occurred
Rate Generator (BRG)”). during reception.
2. Enable the asynchronous serial port by clearing 8. Read the 8-bit received data by reading the
bit SYNC and setting bit SPEN. RCREG register.
3. If interrupts are desired, then set enable bit 9. If any error occurred, clear the error by clearing
RCIE. enable bit CREN.
4. If 9-bit reception is desired, then set bit RX9. 10. If using interrupts, ensure that GIE and PEIE
5. Enable the reception by setting bit CREN. (bits 7 and 6) of the INTCON register are set.

TABLE 10-6: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH ASYNCHRONOUS RECEPTION

Value on
Value on:
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 all other
POR, BOR
Resets
0Bh, 8Bh, INTCON GIE PEIE TMR0IE INTE RBIE TMR0IF INTF R0IF 0000 000x 0000 000u
10Bh,18Bh
0Ch PIR1 PSPIF(1) ADIF RCIF TXIF SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 0000 0000 0000 0000
18h RCSTA SPEN RX9 SREN CREN — FERR OERR RX9D 0000 -00x 0000 -00x
1Ah RCREG USART Receive Register 0000 0000 0000 0000
8Ch PIE1 PSPIE(1) ADIE RCIE TXIE SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 0000 0000 0000 0000
98h TXSTA CSRC TX9 TXEN SYNC — BRGH TRMT TX9D 0000 -010 0000 -010
99h SPBRG Baud Rate Generator Register 0000 0000 0000 0000
Legend: x = unknown, - = unimplemented locations read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for asynchronous reception.
Note 1: Bits PSPIE and PSPIF are reserved on 28-pin devices; always maintain these bits clear.

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 PIC16F87XA
10.2.3 SETTING UP 9-BIT MODE WITH • Flag bit RCIF will be set when reception is
ADDRESS DETECT complete, and an interrupt will be generated if
enable bit RCIE was set.
When setting up an Asynchronous Reception with
address detect enabled: • Read the RCSTA register to get the ninth bit and
determine if any error occurred during reception.
• Initialize the SPBRG register for the appropriate
• Read the 8-bit received data by reading the
baud rate. If a high-speed baud rate is desired,
RCREG register to determine if the device is
set bit BRGH.
being addressed.
• Enable the asynchronous serial port by clearing
• If any error occurred, clear the error by clearing
bit SYNC and setting bit SPEN.
enable bit CREN.
• If interrupts are desired, then set enable bit RCIE.
• If the device has been addressed, clear the
• Set bit RX9 to enable 9-bit reception. ADDEN bit to allow data bytes and address bytes
• Set ADDEN to enable address detect. to be read into the receive buffer and interrupt the
• Enable the reception by setting enable bit CREN. CPU.

FIGURE 10-6: USART RECEIVE BLOCK DIAGRAM

x64 Baud Rate CLK
OERR FERR
CREN
FOSC
SPBRG
÷ 64 MSb RSR Register LSb
or
Baud Rate Generator ÷ 16 Stop (8) 7 • • • 1 0 Start

RC7/RX/DT
Pin Buffer Data
and Control RX9
Recovery

SPEN

RX9 Enable
ADDEN Load of

RX9 Receive
Buffer
ADDEN
RSR<8> 8

RX9D RCREG Register

FIFO

Interrupt RCIF
Data Bus
RCIE

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 119

PIC16F87XA
FIGURE 10-7: ASYNCHRONOUS RECEPTION WITH ADDRESS DETECT
Start Start
RC7/RX/DT bit
(pin) bit 0 bit 1 bit 8 Stop bit bit 0 bit 8 Stop
bit bit

Load RSR
Bit 8 = 0, Data Byte Bit 8 = 1, Address Byte Word 1
RCREG
Read

RCIF

Note: This timing diagram shows a data byte followed by an address byte. The data byte is not read into the RCREG (Receive Buffer)
because ADDEN = 1.

FIGURE 10-8: ASYNCHRONOUS RECEPTION WITH ADDRESS BYTE FIRST

Start Start
RC7/RX/DT bit bit 0 bit 1 Stop
(pin) bit 8 Stop bit bit 0 bit 8
bit bit

Load RSR
Bit 8 = 1, Address Byte Bit 8 = 0, Data Byte Word 1
RCREG
Read

RCIF

Note: This timing diagram shows a data byte followed by an address byte. The data byte is not read into the RCREG (Receive Buffer)
because ADDEN was not updated and still = 0.

TABLE 10-7: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH ASYNCHRONOUS RECEPTION

Value on
Value on:
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 all other
POR, BOR
Resets
0Bh, 8Bh, INTCON GIE PEIE TMR0IE INTE RBIE TMR0IF INTF R0IF 0000 000x 0000 000u
10Bh,18Bh
0Ch PIR1 PSPIF(1) ADIF RCIF TXIF SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 0000 0000 0000 0000
18h RCSTA SPEN RX9 SREN CREN ADDEN FERR OERR RX9D 0000 000x 0000 000x
1Ah RCREG USART Receive Register 0000 0000 0000 0000
8Ch PIE1 PSPIE(1) ADIE RCIE TXIE SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 0000 0000 0000 0000
98h TXSTA CSRC TX9 TXEN SYNC — BRGH TRMT TX9D 0000 -010 0000 -010
99h SPBRG Baud Rate Generator Register 0000 0000 0000 0000
Legend: x = unknown, - = unimplemented locations read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for asynchronous reception.
Note 1: Bits PSPIE and PSPIF are reserved on 28-pin devices; always maintain these bits clear.

DS39582B-page 120  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
10.3 USART Synchronous Clearing enable bit TXEN during a transmission will
Master Mode cause the transmission to be aborted and will reset the
transmitter. The DT and CK pins will revert to high-
In Synchronous Master mode, the data is transmitted in impedance. If either bit CREN or bit SREN is set during
a half-duplex manner (i.e., transmission and reception a transmission, the transmission is aborted and the DT
do not occur at the same time). When transmitting data, pin reverts to a high-impedance state (for a reception).
the reception is inhibited and vice versa. Synchronous The CK pin will remain an output if bit CSRC is set
mode is entered by setting bit, SYNC (TXSTA<4>). In (internal clock). The transmitter logic, however, is not
addition, enable bit, SPEN (RCSTA<7>), is set in order reset, although it is disconnected from the pins. In order
to configure the RC6/TX/CK and RC7/RX/DT I/O pins to reset the transmitter, the user has to clear bit TXEN.
to CK (clock) and DT (data) lines, respectively. The If bit SREN is set (to interrupt an on-going transmission
Master mode indicates that the processor transmits the and receive a single word), then after the single word is
master clock on the CK line. The Master mode is received, bit SREN will be cleared and the serial port
entered by setting bit, CSRC (TXSTA<7>). will revert back to transmitting since bit TXEN is still set.
The DT line will immediately switch from High-
10.3.1 USART SYNCHRONOUS MASTER Impedance Receive mode to transmit and start driving.
TRANSMISSION To avoid this, bit TXEN should be cleared.
The USART transmitter block diagram is shown in In order to select 9-bit transmission, the TX9
Figure 10-6. The heart of the transmitter is the Transmit (TXSTA<6>) bit should be set and the ninth bit should
(Serial) Shift Register (TSR). The shift register obtains be written to bit TX9D (TXSTA<0>). The ninth bit must
its data from the Read/Write Transmit Buffer register, be written before writing the 8-bit data to the TXREG
TXREG. The TXREG register is loaded with data in register. This is because a data write to the TXREG can
software. The TSR register is not loaded until the last result in an immediate transfer of the data to the TSR
bit has been transmitted from the previous load. As register (if the TSR is empty). If the TSR was empty and
soon as the last bit is transmitted, the TSR is loaded the TXREG was written before writing the “new” TX9D,
with new data from the TXREG (if available). Once the the “present” value of bit TX9D is loaded.
TXREG register transfers the data to the TSR register
Steps to follow when setting up a Synchronous Master
(occurs in one TCYCLE), the TXREG is empty and inter-
Transmission:
rupt bit, TXIF (PIR1<4>), is set. The interrupt can be
enabled/disabled by setting/clearing enable bit TXIE 1. Initialize the SPBRG register for the appropriate
(PIE1<4>). Flag bit TXIF will be set regardless of the baud rate (Section 10.1 “USART Baud Rate
state of enable bit TXIE and cannot be cleared in soft- Generator (BRG)”).
ware. It will reset only when new data is loaded into the 2. Enable the synchronous master serial port by
TXREG register. While flag bit TXIF indicates the status setting bits SYNC, SPEN and CSRC.
of the TXREG register, another bit, TRMT (TXSTA<1>), 3. If interrupts are desired, set enable bit TXIE.
shows the status of the TSR register. TRMT is a read- 4. If 9-bit transmission is desired, set bit TX9.
only bit which is set when the TSR is empty. No inter-
5. Enable the transmission by setting bit TXEN.
rupt logic is tied to this bit so the user has to poll this bit
in order to determine if the TSR register is empty. The 6. If 9-bit transmission is selected, the ninth bit
TSR is not mapped in data memory so it is not available should be loaded in bit TX9D.
to the user. 7. Start transmission by loading data to the TXREG
register.
Transmission is enabled by setting enable bit, TXEN
(TXSTA<5>). The actual transmission will not occur 8. If using interrupts, ensure that GIE and PEIE
until the TXREG register has been loaded with data. (bits 7 and 6) of the INTCON register are set.
The first data bit will be shifted out on the next available
rising edge of the clock on the CK line. Data out is
stable around the falling edge of the synchronous clock
(Figure 10-9). The transmission can also be started by
first loading the TXREG register and then setting bit
TXEN (Figure 10-10). This is advantageous when slow
baud rates are selected since the BRG is kept in Reset
when bits TXEN, CREN and SREN are clear. Setting
enable bit TXEN will start the BRG, creating a shift
clock immediately. Normally, when transmission is first
started, the TSR register is empty so a transfer to the
TXREG register will result in an immediate transfer to
TSR, resulting in an empty TXREG. Back-to-back
transfers are possible.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 121

PIC16F87XA
TABLE 10-8: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SYNCHRONOUS MASTER TRANSMISSION
Value on
Value on:
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 all other
POR, BOR
Resets
0Bh, 8Bh, INTCON GIE PEIE TMR0IE INTE RBIE TMR0IF INTF R0IF 0000 000x 0000 000u
10Bh,18Bh
0Ch PIR1 PSPIF(1) ADIF RCIF TXIF SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 0000 0000 0000 0000
18h RCSTA SPEN RX9 SREN CREN — FERR OERR RX9D 0000 -00x 0000 -00x
19h TXREG USART Transmit Register 0000 0000 0000 0000
8Ch PIE1 PSPIE(1) ADIE RCIE TXIE SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 0000 0000 0000 0000
98h TXSTA CSRC TX9 TXEN SYNC — BRGH TRMT TX9D 0000 -010 0000 -010
99h SPBRG Baud Rate Generator Register 0000 0000 0000 0000
Legend: x = unknown, - = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for synchronous master transmission.
Note 1: Bits PSPIE and PSPIF are reserved on 28-pin devices; always maintain these bits clear.

FIGURE 10-9: SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1Q2Q3 Q4Q1Q2Q3 Q4Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q3 Q4 Q1Q2 Q3Q4 Q1Q2 Q3Q4 Q1Q2 Q3 Q4Q1 Q2 Q3Q4 Q1Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2Q3 Q4

RC7/RX/DT
pin bit 0 bit 1 bit 2 bit 7 bit 0 bit 1 bit 7
Word 1 Word 2
RC6/TX/CK
pin
Write to
TXREG reg
Write Word 1 Write Word 2
TXIF bit
(Interrupt Flag)

TRMT bit

‘1’ ‘1’
TXEN bit

Note: Sync Master mode; SPBRG = 0. Continuous transmission of two 8-bit words.

FIGURE 10-10: SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION (THROUGH TXEN)

RC7/RX/DT pin bit 0 bit 1 bit 2 bit 6 bit 7

RC6/TX/CK pin

Write to
TXREG Reg

TXIF bit

TRMT bit

TXEN bit

DS39582B-page 122  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
10.3.2 USART SYNCHRONOUS MASTER data. Reading the RCREG register will load bit RX9D
RECEPTION with a new value, therefore, it is essential for the user
to read the RCSTA register before reading RCREG in
Once Synchronous mode is selected, reception is
order not to lose the old RX9D information.
enabled by setting either enable bit, SREN
(RCSTA<5>), or enable bit, CREN (RCSTA<4>). Data When setting up a Synchronous Master Reception:
is sampled on the RC7/RX/DT pin on the falling edge of 1. Initialize the SPBRG register for the appropriate
the clock. If enable bit SREN is set, then only a single baud rate (Section 10.1 “USART Baud Rate
word is received. If enable bit CREN is set, the recep- Generator (BRG)”).
tion is continuous until CREN is cleared. If both bits are 2. Enable the synchronous master serial port by
set, CREN takes precedence. After clocking the last bit, setting bits SYNC, SPEN and CSRC.
the received data in the Receive Shift Register (RSR)
3. Ensure bits CREN and SREN are clear.
is transferred to the RCREG register (if it is empty).
When the transfer is complete, interrupt flag bit, RCIF 4. If interrupts are desired, then set enable bit
(PIR1<5>), is set. The actual interrupt can be enabled/ RCIE.
disabled by setting/clearing enable bit, RCIE 5. If 9-bit reception is desired, then set bit RX9.
(PIE1<5>). Flag bit RCIF is a read-only bit which is 6. If a single reception is required, set bit SREN.
reset by the hardware. In this case, it is reset when the For continuous reception, set bit CREN.
RCREG register has been read and is empty. The 7. Interrupt flag bit RCIF will be set when reception
RCREG is a double-buffered register (i.e., it is a two- is complete and an interrupt will be generated if
deep FIFO). It is possible for two bytes of data to be enable bit RCIE was set.
received and transferred to the RCREG FIFO and a
8. Read the RCSTA register to get the ninth bit (if
third byte to begin shifting into the RSR register. On the
enabled) and determine if any error occurred
clocking of the last bit of the third byte, if the RCREG
during reception.
register is still full, then Overrun Error bit, OERR
(RCSTA<1>), is set. The word in the RSR will be lost. 9. Read the 8-bit received data by reading the
The RCREG register can be read twice to retrieve the RCREG register.
two bytes in the FIFO. Bit OERR has to be cleared in 10. If any error occurred, clear the error by clearing
software (by clearing bit CREN). If bit OERR is set, bit CREN.
transfers from the RSR to the RCREG are inhibited so 11. If using interrupts, ensure that GIE and PEIE
it is essential to clear bit OERR if it is set. The ninth (bits 7 and 6) of the INTCON register are set.
receive bit is buffered the same way as the receive

TABLE 10-9: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SYNCHRONOUS MASTER RECEPTION

Value on
Value on:
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 all other
POR, BOR
Resets
0Bh, 8Bh, INTCON GIE PEIE TMR0IE INTE RBIE TMR0IF INTF R0IF 0000 000x 0000 000u
10Bh,18Bh
0Ch PIR1 PSPIF(1) ADIF RCIF TXIF SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 0000 0000 0000 0000
18h RCSTA SPEN RX9 SREN CREN — FERR OERR RX9D 0000 -00x 0000 -00x
1Ah RCREG USART Receive Register 0000 0000 0000 0000
(1)
8Ch PIE1 PSPIE ADIE RCIE TXIE SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 0000 0000 0000 0000
98h TXSTA CSRC TX9 TXEN SYNC — BRGH TRMT TX9D 0000 -010 0000 -010
99h SPBRG Baud Rate Generator Register 0000 0000 0000 0000
Legend: x = unknown, - = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for synchronous master reception.
Note 1: Bits PSPIE and PSPIF are reserved on 28-pin devices; always maintain these bits clear.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 123

PIC16F87XA
FIGURE 10-11: SYNCHRONOUS RECEPTION (MASTER MODE, SREN)

Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

RC7/RX/DT
pin bit 0 bit 1 bit 2 bit 3 bit 4 bit 5 bit 6 bit 7

RC6/TX/CK
pin

Write to
bit SREN

SREN bit

CREN bit ‘0’ ‘0’

RCIF bit
(Interrupt)
Read
RXREG

Note: Timing diagram demonstrates Sync Master mode with bit SREN = 1 and bit BRG = 0.

10.4 USART Synchronous Slave Mode When setting up a Synchronous Slave Transmission,
follow these steps:
Synchronous Slave mode differs from the Master mode
in the fact that the shift clock is supplied externally at 1. Enable the synchronous slave serial port by set-
the RC6/TX/CK pin (instead of being supplied internally ting bits SYNC and SPEN and clearing bit
in Master mode). This allows the device to transfer or CSRC.
receive data while in Sleep mode. Slave mode is 2. Clear bits CREN and SREN.
entered by clearing bit, CSRC (TXSTA<7>). 3. If interrupts are desired, then set enable bit
TXIE.
10.4.1 USART SYNCHRONOUS SLAVE 4. If 9-bit transmission is desired, then set bit TX9.
TRANSMIT 5. Enable the transmission by setting enable bit
The operation of the Synchronous Master and Slave TXEN.
modes is identical, except in the case of the Sleep mode. 6. If 9-bit transmission is selected, the ninth bit
If two words are written to the TXREG and then the should be loaded in bit TX9D.
SLEEP instruction is executed, the following will occur: 7. Start transmission by loading data to the TXREG
a) The first word will immediately transfer to the register.
TSR register and transmit. 8. If using interrupts, ensure that GIE and PEIE
b) The second word will remain in TXREG register. (bits 7 and 6) of the INTCON register are set.
c) Flag bit TXIF will not be set.
d) When the first word has been shifted out of TSR,
the TXREG register will transfer the second word
to the TSR and flag bit TXIF will now be set.
e) If enable bit TXIE is set, the interrupt will wake
the chip from Sleep and if the global interrupt is
enabled, the program will branch to the interrupt
vector (0004h).

DS39582B-page 124  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
TABLE 10-10: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SYNCHRONOUS SLAVE TRANSMISSION
Value on
Value on:
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 all other
POR, BOR
Resets
0Bh, 8Bh, INTCON GIE PEIE TMR0IE INTE RBIE TMR0IF INTF R0IF 0000 000x 0000 000u
10Bh,18Bh
0Ch PIR1 PSPIF(1) ADIF RCIF TXIF SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 0000 0000 0000 0000
18h RCSTA SPEN RX9 SREN CREN ADDEN FERR OERR RX9D 0000 000x 0000 000x
19h TXREG USART Transmit Register 0000 0000 0000 0000
8Ch PIE1 PSPIE(1) ADIE RCIE TXIE SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 0000 0000 0000 0000
98h TXSTA CSRC TX9 TXEN SYNC — BRGH TRMT TX9D 0000 -010 0000 -010
99h SPBRG Baud Rate Generator Register 0000 0000 0000 0000
Legend: x = unknown, - = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for synchronous slave transmission.
Note 1: Bits PSPIE and PSPIF are reserved on 28-pin devices; always maintain these bits clear.

10.4.2 USART SYNCHRONOUS SLAVE When setting up a Synchronous Slave Reception,

RECEPTION follow these steps:
The operation of the Synchronous Master and Slave 1. Enable the synchronous master serial port by
modes is identical, except in the case of the Sleep setting bits SYNC and SPEN and clearing bit
mode. Bit SREN is a “don't care” in Slave mode. CSRC.
If receive is enabled by setting bit CREN prior to the 2. If interrupts are desired, set enable bit RCIE.
SLEEP instruction, then a word may be received during 3. If 9-bit reception is desired, set bit RX9.
Sleep. On completely receiving the word, the RSR reg- 4. To enable reception, set enable bit CREN.
ister will transfer the data to the RCREG register and if 5. Flag bit RCIF will be set when reception is
enable bit RCIE bit is set, the interrupt generated will complete and an interrupt will be generated if
wake the chip from Sleep. If the global interrupt is enable bit RCIE was set.
enabled, the program will branch to the interrupt vector 6. Read the RCSTA register to get the ninth bit (if
(0004h). enabled) and determine if any error occurred
during reception.
7. Read the 8-bit received data by reading the
RCREG register.
8. If any error occurred, clear the error by clearing
bit CREN.
9. If using interrupts, ensure that GIE and PEIE
(bits 7 and 6) of the INTCON register are set.

TABLE 10-11: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SYNCHRONOUS SLAVE RECEPTION

Value on
Value on:
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 all other
POR, BOR
Resets
0Bh, 8Bh, INTCON GIE PEIE TMR0IE INTE RBIE TMR0IF INTF R0IF 0000 000x 0000 000u
10Bh,18Bh
0Ch PIR1 PSPIF(1) ADIF RCIF TXIF SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 0000 0000 0000 0000
18h RCSTA SPEN RX9 SREN CREN ADDEN FERR OERR RX9D 0000 000x 0000 000x
1Ah RCREG USART Receive Register 0000 0000 0000 0000
(1)
8Ch PIE1 PSPIE ADIE RCIE TXIE SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 0000 0000 0000 0000
98h TXSTA CSRC TX9 TXEN SYNC — BRGH TRMT TX9D 0000 -010 0000 -010
99h SPBRG Baud Rate Generator Register 0000 0000 0000 0000
Legend: x = unknown, - = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for synchronous slave reception.
Note 1: Bits PSPIE and PSPIF are reserved on 28-pin devices, always maintain these bits clear.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 125

PIC16F87XA
NOTES:

DS39582B-page 126  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
11.0 ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL The A/D module has four registers. These registers are:
CONVERTER (A/D) MODULE • A/D Result High Register (ADRESH)
• A/D Result Low Register (ADRESL)
The Analog-to-Digital (A/D) Converter module has five
inputs for the 28-pin devices and eight for the 40/44-pin • A/D Control Register 0 (ADCON0)
devices. • A/D Control Register 1 (ADCON1)
The conversion of an analog input signal results in a The ADCON0 register, shown in Register 11-1, con-
corresponding 10-bit digital number. The A/D module trols the operation of the A/D module. The ADCON1
has high and low-voltage reference input that is soft- register, shown in Register 11-2, configures the func-
ware selectable to some combination of VDD, VSS, RA2 tions of the port pins. The port pins can be configured
or RA3. as analog inputs (RA3 can also be the voltage
reference) or as digital I/O.
The A/D converter has a unique feature of being able
to operate while the device is in Sleep mode. To Additional information on using the A/D module can be
operate in Sleep, the A/D clock must be derived from found in the PICmicro® Mid-Range MCU Family
the A/D’s internal RC oscillator. Reference Manual (DS33023).

REGISTER 11-1: ADCON0 REGISTER (ADDRESS 1Fh)

R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 R/W-0
ADCS1 ADCS0 CHS2 CHS1 CHS0 GO/DONE — ADON
bit 7 bit 0

bit 7-6 ADCS1:ADCS0: A/D Conversion Clock Select bits (ADCON0 bits in bold)
ADCON1 ADCON0
Clock Conversion
<ADCS2> <ADCS1:ADCS0>
0 00 FOSC/2
0 01 FOSC/8
0 10 FOSC/32
0 11 FRC (clock derived from the internal A/D RC oscillator)
1 00 FOSC/4
1 01 FOSC/16
1 10 FOSC/64
1 11 FRC (clock derived from the internal A/D RC oscillator)
bit 5-3 CHS2:CHS0: Analog Channel Select bits
000 = Channel 0 (AN0)
001 = Channel 1 (AN1)
010 = Channel 2 (AN2)
011 = Channel 3 (AN3)
100 = Channel 4 (AN4)
101 = Channel 5 (AN5)
110 = Channel 6 (AN6)
111 = Channel 7 (AN7)
Note: The PIC16F873A/876A devices only implement A/D channels 0 through 4; the
unimplemented selections are reserved. Do not select any unimplemented
channels with these devices.
bit 2 GO/DONE: A/D Conversion Status bit
When ADON = 1:
1 = A/D conversion in progress (setting this bit starts the A/D conversion which is automatically
cleared by hardware when the A/D conversion is complete)
0 = A/D conversion not in progress
bit 1 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 0 ADON: A/D On bit
1 = A/D converter module is powered up
0 = A/D converter module is shut-off and consumes no operating current

Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 127

PIC16F87XA
REGISTER 11-2: ADCON1 REGISTER (ADDRESS 9Fh)
R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
ADFM ADCS2 — — PCFG3 PCFG2 PCFG1 PCFG0
bit 7 bit 0

bit 7 ADFM: A/D Result Format Select bit

1 = Right justified. Six (6) Most Significant bits of ADRESH are read as ‘0’.
0 = Left justified. Six (6) Least Significant bits of ADRESL are read as ‘0’.
bit 6 ADCS2: A/D Conversion Clock Select bit (ADCON1 bits in shaded area and in bold)
ADCON1 ADCON0
Clock Conversion
<ADCS2> <ADCS1:ADCS0>
0 00 FOSC/2
0 01 FOSC/8
0 10 FOSC/32
0 11 FRC (clock derived from the internal A/D RC oscillator)
1 00 FOSC/4
1 01 FOSC/16
1 10 FOSC/64
1 11 FRC (clock derived from the internal A/D RC oscillator)

bit 5-4 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’

bit 3-0 PCFG3:PCFG0: A/D Port Configuration Control bits
PCFG
AN7 AN6 AN5 AN4 AN3 AN2 AN1 AN0 VREF+ VREF- C/R
<3:0>
0000 A A A A A A A A VDD VSS 8/0
0001 A A A A VREF+ A A A AN3 VSS 7/1
0010 D D D A A A A A VDD VSS 5/0
0011 D D D A VREF+ A A A AN3 VSS 4/1
0100 D D D D A D A A VDD VSS 3/0
0101 D D D D VREF+ D A A AN3 VSS 2/1
011x D D D D D D D D — — 0/0
1000 A A A A VREF+ VREF- A A AN3 AN2 6/2
1001 D D A A A A A A VDD VSS 6/0
1010 D D A A VREF+ A A A AN3 VSS 5/1
1011 D D A A VREF+ VREF- A A AN3 AN2 4/2
1100 D D D A VREF+ VREF- A A AN3 AN2 3/2
1101 D D D D VREF+ VREF- A A AN3 AN2 2/2
1110 D D D D D D D A VDD VSS 1/0
1111 D D D D VREF+ VREF- D A AN3 AN2 1/2
A = Analog input D = Digital I/O
C/R = # of analog input channels/# of A/D voltage references

Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

Note: On any device Reset, the port pins that are multiplexed with analog functions (ANx)
are forced to be an analog input.

DS39582B-page 128  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
The ADRESH:ADRESL registers contain the 10-bit 2. Configure A/D interrupt (if desired):
result of the A/D conversion. When the A/D conversion • Clear ADIF bit
is complete, the result is loaded into this A/D Result • Set ADIE bit
register pair, the GO/DONE bit (ADCON0<2>) is cleared
• Set PEIE bit
and the A/D interrupt flag bit ADIF is set. The block
diagram of the A/D module is shown in Figure 11-1. • Set GIE bit
3. Wait the required acquisition time.
After the A/D module has been configured as desired,
the selected channel must be acquired before the con- 4. Start conversion:
version is started. The analog input channels must • Set GO/DONE bit (ADCON0)
have their corresponding TRIS bits selected as inputs. 5. Wait for A/D conversion to complete by either:
To determine sample time, see Section 11.1 “A/D • Polling for the GO/DONE bit to be cleared
Acquisition Requirements”. After this acquisition (interrupts disabled); OR
time has elapsed, the A/D conversion can be started. • Waiting for the A/D interrupt
To do an A/D Conversion, follow these steps: 6. Read A/D Result register pair
(ADRESH:ADRESL), clear bit ADIF if required.
1. Configure the A/D module:
7. For the next conversion, go to step 1 or step 2
• Configure analog pins/voltage reference and
as required. The A/D conversion time per bit is
digital I/O (ADCON1)
defined as TAD.
• Select A/D input channel (ADCON0)
• Select A/D conversion clock (ADCON0)
• Turn on A/D module (ADCON0)

FIGURE 11-1: A/D BLOCK DIAGRAM

CHS2:CHS0

111
RE2/AN7(1)
110
RE1/AN6(1)

101
RE0/AN5(1)

100
RA5/AN4
VAIN
(Input Voltage) 011
RA3/AN3/VREF+

A/D 010
Converter RA2/AN2/VREF-

001
VDD RA1/AN1

000
VREF+ RA0/AN0

(Reference
Voltage)

PCFG3:PCFG0

VREF-

(Reference
Voltage)
VSS
PCFG3:PCFG0

Note 1: Not available on 28-pin devices.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 129

PIC16F87XA
11.1 A/D Acquisition Requirements decreased. After the analog input channel is selected
(changed), this acquisition must be done before the
For the A/D converter to meet its specified accuracy, conversion can be started.
the charge holding capacitor (CHOLD) must be allowed
to fully charge to the input channel voltage level. The To calculate the minimum acquisition time,
analog input model is shown in Figure 11-2. The source Equation 11-1 may be used. This equation assumes
impedance (RS) and the internal sampling switch that 1/2 LSb error is used (1024 steps for the A/D). The
impedance (RSS) directly affect the time required to 1/2 LSb error is the maximum error allowed for the A/D
charge the capacitor CHOLD. The sampling switch to meet its specified resolution.
(RSS) impedance varies over the device voltage (VDD); To calculate the minimum acquisition time, TACQ, see
see Figure 11-2. The maximum recommended the PICmicro® Mid-Range MCU Family Reference
impedance for analog sources is 2.5 kΩ. As the Manual (DS33023).
impedance is decreased, the acquisition time may be

EQUATION 11-1: ACQUISITION TIME

TACQ = Amplifier Settling Time + Hold Capacitor Charging Time + Temperature Coefficient

= TAMP + TC + TCOFF
= 2 µs + TC + [(Temperature – 25°C)(0.05 µs/°C)]
TC = CHOLD (RIC + RSS + RS) In(1/2047)
= - 120 pF (1 kΩ + 7 kΩ + 10 kΩ) In(0.0004885)
= 16.47 µs
TACQ = 2 µs + 16.47 µs + [(50°C – 25°C)(0.05 µs/°C)
= 19.72 µs

Note 1: The reference voltage (VREF) has no effect on the equation since it cancels itself out.
2: The charge holding capacitor (CHOLD) is not discharged after each conversion.
3: The maximum recommended impedance for analog sources is 2.5 kΩ. This is required to meet the pin
leakage specification.

FIGURE 11-2: ANALOG INPUT MODEL

VDD
Sampling
Switch
VT = 0.6V
RS ANx RIC ≤ 1K SS RSS

CHOLD
VA CPIN ILEAKAGE = DAC Capacitance
5 pF VT = 0.6V ± 500 nA = 120 pF

VSS

Legend: CPIN = input capacitance

VT = threshold voltage 6V
5V
ILEAKAGE = leakage current at the pin due to VDD 4V
various junctions 3V
RIC = interconnect resistance 2V
SS = sampling switch
CHOLD = sample/hold capacitance (from DAC)
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Sampling Switch
(kΩ)

DS39582B-page 130  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
11.2 Selecting the A/D Conversion 11.3 Configuring Analog Port Pins
Clock The ADCON1 and TRIS registers control the operation
The A/D conversion time per bit is defined as TAD. The of the A/D port pins. The port pins that are desired as
A/D conversion requires a minimum 12 TAD per 10-bit analog inputs must have their corresponding TRIS bits
conversion. The source of the A/D conversion clock is set (input). If the TRIS bit is cleared (output), the digital
software selected. The seven possible options for TAD output level (VOH or VOL) will be converted.
are: The A/D operation is independent of the state of the
• 2 TOSC CHS2:CHS0 bits and the TRIS bits.
• 4 TOSC Note 1: When reading the port register, any pin
• 8 TOSC configured as an analog input channel will
• 16 TOSC read as cleared (a low level). Pins config-
• 32 TOSC ured as digital inputs will convert an analog
input. Analog levels on a digitally config-
• 64 TOSC
ured input will not affect the conversion
• Internal A/D module RC oscillator (2-6 µs) accuracy.
For correct A/D conversions, the A/D conversion clock 2: Analog levels on any pin that is defined as
(TAD) must be selected to ensure a minimum TAD time a digital input (including the AN7:AN0
of 1.6 µs. pins) may cause the input buffer to con-
Table 11-1 shows the resultant TAD times derived from sume current that is out of the device
the device operating frequencies and the A/D clock specifications.
source selected.

TABLE 11-1: TAD vs. MAXIMUM DEVICE OPERATING FREQUENCIES (STANDARD DEVICES (F))
AD Clock Source (TAD)
Maximum Device Frequency
Operation ADCS2:ADCS1:ADCS0
2 TOSC 000 1.25 MHz
4 TOSC 100 2.5 MHz
8 TOSC 001 5 MHz
16 TOSC 101 10 MHz
32 TOSC 010 20 MHz
64 TOSC 110 20 MHz
RC(1, 2, 3) x11 (Note 1)
Note 1: The RC source has a typical TAD time of 4 µs but can vary between 2-6 µs.
2: When the device frequencies are greater than 1 MHz, the RC A/D conversion clock source is only
recommended for Sleep operation.
3: For extended voltage devices (LF), please refer to Section 17.0 “Electrical Characteristics”.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 131

PIC16F87XA
11.4 A/D Conversions is aborted, the next acquisition on the selected channel
is automatically started. The GO/DONE bit can then be
Clearing the GO/DONE bit during a conversion will set to start the conversion.
abort the current conversion. The A/D Result register
pair will NOT be updated with the partially completed In Figure 11-3, after the GO bit is set, the first time
A/D conversion sample. That is, the ADRESH:ADRESL segment has a minimum of TCY and a maximum of TAD.
registers will continue to contain the value of the last Note: The GO/DONE bit should NOT be set in
completed conversion (or the last value written to the the same instruction that turns on the A/D.
ADRESH:ADRESL registers). After the A/D conversion

FIGURE 11-3: A/D CONVERSION TAD CYCLES

TCY to TAD TAD1 TAD2 TAD3 TAD4 TAD5 TAD6 TAD7 TAD8 TAD9 TAD10 TAD11
b9 b8 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0

Conversion starts

Holding capacitor is disconnected from analog input (typically 100 ns)

Set GO bit
ADRES is loaded
GO bit is cleared
ADIF bit is set
Holding capacitor is connected to analog input

11.4.1 A/D RESULT REGISTERS Format Select bit (ADFM) controls this justification.
Figure 11-4 shows the operation of the A/D result
The ADRESH:ADRESL register pair is the location
justification. The extra bits are loaded with ‘0’s. When
where the 10-bit A/D result is loaded at the completion
an A/D result will not overwrite these locations (A/D dis-
of the A/D conversion. This register pair is 16 bits wide.
able), these registers may be used as two general
The A/D module gives the flexibility to left or right justify
purpose 8-bit registers.
the 10-bit result in the 16-bit result register. The A/D

FIGURE 11-4: A/D RESULT JUSTIFICATION

10-bit Result

ADFM = 1 ADFM = 0

7 2107 0 7 0765 0
0000 00 0000 00

ADRESH ADRESL ADRESH ADRESL

10-bit Result 10-bit Result

Right Justified Left Justified

DS39582B-page 132  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
11.5 A/D Operation During Sleep Note: For the A/D module to operate in Sleep,
The A/D module can operate during Sleep mode. This the A/D clock source must be set to RC
requires that the A/D clock source be set to RC (ADCS1:ADCS0 = 11). To allow the con-
(ADCS1:ADCS0 = 11). When the RC clock source is version to occur during Sleep, ensure the
selected, the A/D module waits one instruction cycle SLEEP instruction immediately follows the
before starting the conversion. This allows the SLEEP instruction that sets the GO/DONE bit.
instruction to be executed which eliminates all digital
switching noise from the conversion. When the conver- 11.6 Effects of a Reset
sion is completed, the GO/DONE bit will be cleared and A device Reset forces all registers to their Reset state.
the result loaded into the ADRES register. If the A/D This forces the A/D module to be turned off and any
interrupt is enabled, the device will wake-up from conversion is aborted. All A/D input pins are configured
Sleep. If the A/D interrupt is not enabled, the A/D mod- as analog inputs.
ule will then be turned off, although the ADON bit will
remain set. The value that is in the ADRESH:ADRESL registers is
not modified for a Power-on Reset. The
When the A/D clock source is another clock option (not ADRESH:ADRESL registers will contain unknown data
RC), a SLEEP instruction will cause the present conver- after a Power-on Reset.
sion to be aborted and the A/D module to be turned off,
though the ADON bit will remain set.
Turning off the A/D places the A/D module in its lowest
current consumption state.

TABLE 11-2: REGISTERS/BITS ASSOCIATED WITH A/D

Value on Value on
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
POR, BOR MCLR, WDT
0Bh,8Bh, INTCON GIE PEIE TMR0IE INTE RBIE TMR0IF INTF RBIF 0000 000x 0000 000u
10Bh,18Bh
0Ch PIR1 PSPIF(1) ADIF RCIF TXIF SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 0000 0000 0000 0000
8Ch PIE1 PSPIE(1) ADIE RCIE TXIE SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 0000 0000 0000 0000
1Eh ADRESH A/D Result Register High Byte xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
9Eh ADRESL A/D Result Register Low Byte xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
1Fh ADCON0 ADCS1 ADCS0 CHS2 CHS1 CHS0 GO/DONE — ADON 0000 00-0 0000 00-0
9Fh ADCON1 ADFM ADCS2 — — PCFG3 PCFG2 PCFG1 PCFG0 00-- 0000 00-- 0000
85h TRISA — — PORTA Data Direction Register --11 1111 --11 1111
05h PORTA — — PORTA Data Latch when written: PORTA pins when read --0x 0000 --0u 0000
89h(1) TRISE IBF OBF IBOV PSPMODE — PORTE Data Direction bits 0000 -111 0000 -111
09h(1) PORTE — — — — — RE2 RE1 RE0 ---- -xxx ---- -uuu
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for A/D conversion.
Note 1: These registers are not available on 28-pin devices.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 133

PIC16F87XA
NOTES:

DS39582B-page 134  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
12.0 COMPARATOR MODULE The CMCON register (Register 12-1) controls the com-
parator input and output multiplexers. A block diagram
The comparator module contains two analog compara- of the various comparator configurations is shown in
tors. The inputs to the comparators are multiplexed Figure 12-1.
with I/O port pins RA0 through RA3, while the outputs
are multiplexed to pins RA4 and RA5. The on-chip volt-
age reference (Section 13.0 “Comparator Voltage
Reference Module”) can also be an input to the
comparators.

REGISTER 12-1: CMCON REGISTER

R-0 R-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1
C2OUT C1OUT C2INV C1INV CIS CM2 CM1 CM0
bit 7 bit 0

bit 7 C2OUT: Comparator 2 Output bit

When C2INV = 0:
1 = C2 VIN+ > C2 VIN-
0 = C2 VIN+ < C2 VIN-
When C2INV = 1:
1 = C2 VIN+ < C2 VIN-
0 = C2 VIN+ > C2 VIN-
bit 6 C1OUT: Comparator 1 Output bit
When C1INV = 0:
1 = C1 VIN+ > C1 VIN-
0 = C1 VIN+ < C1 VIN-
When C1INV = 1:
1 = C1 VIN+ < C1 VIN-
0 = C1 VIN+ > C1 VIN-
bit 5 C2INV: Comparator 2 Output Inversion bit
1 = C2 output inverted
0 = C2 output not inverted
bit 4 C1INV: Comparator 1 Output Inversion bit
1 = C1 output inverted
0 = C1 output not inverted
bit 3 CIS: Comparator Input Switch bit
When CM2:CM0 = 110:
1 = C1 VIN- connects to RA3/AN3
C2 VIN- connects to RA2/AN2
0 = C1 VIN- connects to RA0/AN0
C2 VIN- connects to RA1/AN1
bit 2 CM2:CM0: Comparator Mode bits
Figure 12-1 shows the Comparator modes and CM2:CM0 bit settings.

Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 135

PIC16F87XA
12.1 Comparator Configuration mode is changed, the comparator output level may not
be valid for the specified mode change delay shown in
There are eight modes of operation for the compara- Section 17.0 “Electrical Characteristics”.
tors. The CMCON register is used to select these
modes. Figure 12-1 shows the eight possible modes. Note: Comparator interrupts should be disabled
The TRISA register controls the data direction of the during a Comparator mode change.
comparator pins for each mode. If the Comparator Otherwise, a false interrupt may occur.

FIGURE 12-1: COMPARATOR I/O OPERATING MODES

Comparators Reset Comparators Off (POR Default Value)
CM2:CM0 = 000 CM2:CM0 = 111
A VIN- D VIN-
RA0/AN0 RA0/AN0
A VIN+ C1 Off (Read as ‘0’) D VIN+ C1 Off (Read as ‘0’)
RA3/AN3 RA3/AN3

A VIN- D VIN-
RA1/AN1 RA1/AN1
A VIN+ C2 Off (Read as ‘0’) D VIN+ C2 Off (Read as ‘0’)
RA2/AN2 RA2/AN2

Two Independent Comparators with Outputs

Two Independent Comparators
CM2:CM0 = 011
CM2:CM0 = 010
A VIN-
A VIN- RA0/AN0
RA0/AN0
A VIN+ C1 C1OUT
A VIN+ C1 C1OUT RA3/AN3
RA3/AN3
RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT

A VIN-
RA1/AN1 A VIN-
RA1/AN1
A VIN+ C2 C2OUT C2OUT
RA2/AN2 A VIN+ C2
RA2/AN2

RA5/AN4/SS/C2OUT

Two Common Reference Comparators Two Common Reference Comparators with Outputs
CM2:CM0 = 100 CM2:CM0 = 101
A VIN- A VIN-
RA0/AN0 RA0/AN0
A VIN+ C1 C1OUT A VIN+ C1 C1OUT
RA3/AN3 RA3/AN3

RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT
A VIN-
RA1/AN1
C2 C2OUT A VIN-
RA2/AN2 D VIN+ RA1/AN1
D VIN+ C2 C2OUT
RA2/AN2

RA5/AN4/SS/C2OUT

One Independent Comparator with Output Four Inputs Multiplexed to Two Comparators
CM2:CM0 = 001 CM2:CM0 = 110
A VIN- A
RA0/AN0 RA0/AN0 CIS = 0 VIN-
A VIN+ C1 C1OUT RA3/AN3 A CIS = 1
RA3/AN3 VIN+ C1 C1OUT

RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT A
RA1/AN1 CIS = 0 VIN-
A CIS = 1
RA2/AN2 C2 C2OUT
D VIN- VIN+
RA1/AN1
D VIN+ C2 Off (Read as ‘0’)
RA2/AN2 CVREF From Comparator
VREF Module

A = Analog Input, port reads zeros always. D = Digital Input. CIS (CMCON<3>) is the Comparator Input Switch.

DS39582B-page 136  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
12.2 Comparator Operation 12.3.2 INTERNAL REFERENCE SIGNAL
A single comparator is shown in Figure 12-2 along with The comparator module also allows the selection of an
the relationship between the analog input levels and internally generated voltage reference for the compara-
the digital output. When the analog input at VIN+ is less tors. Section 13.0 “Comparator Voltage Reference
than the analog input VIN-, the output of the comparator Module” contains a detailed description of the Compar-
is a digital low level. When the analog input at VIN+ is ator Voltage Reference module that provides this signal.
greater than the analog input VIN-, the output of the The internal reference signal is used when comparators
comparator is a digital high level. The shaded areas of are in mode, CM<2:0> = 110 (Figure 12-1). In this
the output of the comparator in Figure 12-2 represent mode, the internal voltage reference is applied to the
the uncertainty due to input offsets and response time. VIN+ pin of both comparators.

12.3 Comparator Reference 12.4 Comparator Response Time

An external or internal reference signal may be used Response time is the minimum time, after selecting a
depending on the comparator operating mode. The new reference voltage or input source, before the com-
analog signal present at VIN- is compared to the signal parator output has a valid level. If the internal reference
at VIN+ and the digital output of the comparator is is changed, the maximum delay of the internal voltage
adjusted accordingly (Figure 12-2). reference must be considered when using the compar-
ator outputs. Otherwise, the maximum delay of the
comparators should be used (Section 17.0 “Electrical
FIGURE 12-2: SINGLE COMPARATOR
Characteristics”).

12.5 Comparator Outputs

VIN+ +
Output The comparator outputs are read through the CMCON
VIN- – register. These bits are read-only. The comparator
outputs may also be directly output to the RA4 and RA5
I/O pins. When enabled, multiplexors in the output path
of the RA4 and RA5 pins will switch and the output of
each pin will be the unsynchronized output of the com-
parator. The uncertainty of each of the comparators is
VIN-
VIN–
related to the input offset voltage and the response time
VIN+
VIN+ given in the specifications. Figure 12-3 shows the
comparator output block diagram.
The TRISA bits will still function as an output enable/
Output disable for the RA4 and RA5 pins while in this mode.
Output
The polarity of the comparator outputs can be changed
using the C2INV and C1INV bits (CMCON<4:5>).
Note 1: When reading the Port register, all pins
12.3.1 EXTERNAL REFERENCE SIGNAL configured as analog inputs will read as a
When external voltage references are used, the ‘0’. Pins configured as digital inputs will
comparator module can be configured to have the com- convert an analog input according to the
parators operate from the same or different reference Schmitt Trigger input specification.
sources. However, threshold detector applications may 2: Analog levels on any pin defined as a dig-
require the same reference. The reference signal must ital input may cause the input buffer to
be between VSS and VDD and can be applied to either consume more current than is specified.
pin of the comparator(s).
3: RA4 is an open collector I/O pin. When
used as an output, a pull-up resistor is
required.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 137

PIC16F87XA
FIGURE 12-3: COMPARATOR OUTPUT BLOCK DIAGRAM
Port Pins

MULTIPLEX

+ -

CxINV

To RA4 or
RA5 Pin
Bus Q D
Data

Read CMCON EN

Set
CMIF Q D
bit From
Other EN
Comparator
CL Read CMCON

Reset

12.6 Comparator Interrupts Note: If a change in the CMCON register

(C1OUT or C2OUT) should occur when a
The comparator interrupt flag is set whenever there is
read operation is being executed (start of
a change in the output value of either comparator.
the Q2 cycle), then the CMIF (PIR
Software will need to maintain information about the
registers) interrupt flag may not get set.
status of the output bits, as read from CMCON<7:6>, to
determine the actual change that occurred. The CMIF The user, in the Interrupt Service Routine, can clear the
bit (PIR registers) is the Comparator Interrupt Flag. The interrupt in the following manner:
CMIF bit must be reset by clearing it (‘0’). Since it is a) Any read or write of CMCON will end the
also possible to write a ‘1’ to this register, a simulated mismatch condition.
interrupt may be initiated. b) Clear flag bit CMIF.
The CMIE bit (PIE registers) and the PEIE bit (INTCON A mismatch condition will continue to set flag bit CMIF.
register) must be set to enable the interrupt. In addition, Reading CMCON will end the mismatch condition and
the GIE bit must also be set. If any of these bits are allow flag bit CMIF to be cleared.
clear, the interrupt is not enabled, though the CMIF bit
will still be set if an interrupt condition occurs.

DS39582B-page 138  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
12.7 Comparator Operation During 12.9 Analog Input Connection
Sleep Considerations
When a comparator is active and the device is placed A simplified circuit for an analog input is shown in
in Sleep mode, the comparator remains active and the Figure 12-4. Since the analog pins are connected to a
interrupt is functional if enabled. This interrupt will digital output, they have reverse biased diodes to VDD
wake-up the device from Sleep mode when enabled. and VSS. The analog input, therefore, must be between
While the comparator is powered up, higher Sleep VSS and VDD. If the input voltage deviates from this
currents than shown in the power-down current range by more than 0.6V in either direction, one of the
specification will occur. Each operational comparator diodes is forward biased and a latch-up condition may
will consume additional current as shown in the com- occur. A maximum source impedance of 10 kΩ is rec-
parator specifications. To minimize power consumption ommended for the analog sources. Any external com-
while in Sleep mode, turn off the comparators, ponent connected to an analog input pin, such as a
CM<2:0> = 111, before entering Sleep. If the device capacitor or a Zener diode, should have very little
wakes up from Sleep, the contents of the CMCON leakage current.
register are not affected.

12.8 Effects of a Reset

A device Reset forces the CMCON register to its Reset
state, causing the comparator module to be in the
Comparator Off mode, CM<2:0> = 111. This ensures
compatibility to the PIC16F87X devices.

FIGURE 12-4: ANALOG INPUT MODEL

VDD

VT = 0.6 V RIC
RS < 10K

AIN
CPIN ILEAKAGE
VA VT = 0.6 V ±500 nA
5 pF

VSS

Legend: CPIN = Input Capacitance

VT = Threshold Voltage
ILEAKAGE = Leakage Current at the pin due to various junctions
RIC = Interconnect Resistance
RS = Source Impedance
VA = Analog Voltage

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 139

PIC16F87XA
TABLE 12-1: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH COMPARATOR MODULE
Value on
Value on
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 all other
POR
Resets
9Ch CMCON C2OUT C1OUT C2INV C1INV CIS CM2 CM1 CM0 0000 0111 0000 0111
9Dh CVRCON CVREN CVROE CVRR — CVR3 CVR2 CVR1 CVR0 000- 0000 000- 0000
0Bh, 8Bh, INTCON GIE/ PEIE/ TMR0IE INTIE RBIE TMR0IF INTIF RBIF 0000 000x 0000 000u
10Bh,18Bh GIEH GIEL
0Dh PIR2 — CMIF — — BCLIF LVDIF TMR3IF CCP2IF -0-- 0000 -0-- 0000
8Dh PIE2 — CMIE — — BCLIE LVDIE TMR3IE CCP2IE -0-- 0000 -0-- 0000
05h PORTA — — RA5 RA4 RA3 RA2 RA1 RA0 --0x 0000 --0u 0000
85h TRISA — — PORTA Data Direction Register --11 1111 --11 1111
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are unused by the comparator module.

DS39582B-page 140  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
13.0 COMPARATOR VOLTAGE supply voltage (also referred to as CVRSRC) comes
directly from VDD. It should be noted, however, that the
REFERENCE MODULE voltage at the top of the ladder is CVRSRC – VSAT,
The Comparator Voltage Reference Generator is a where VSAT is the saturation voltage of the power
16-tap resistor ladder network that provides a fixed switch transistor. This reference will only be as
voltage reference when the comparators are in mode accurate as the values of CVRSRC and VSAT.
‘110’. A programmable register controls the function of The output of the reference generator may be con-
the reference generator. Register 13-1 lists the bit nected to the RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF pin. This can be
functions of the CVRCON register. used as a simple D/A function by the user if a very high-
As shown in Figure 13-1, the resistor ladder is seg- impedance load is used. The primary purpose of this
mented to provide two ranges of CVREF values and has function is to provide a test path for testing the
a power-down function to conserve power when the reference generator function.
reference is not being used. The comparator reference

REGISTER 13-1: CVRCON CONTROL REGISTER (ADDRESS 9Dh)

R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
CVREN CVROE CVRR — CVR3 CVR2 CVR1 CVR0
bit 7 bit 0

bit 7 CVREN: Comparator Voltage Reference Enable bit

1 = CVREF circuit powered on
0 = CVREF circuit powered down
bit 6 CVROE: Comparator VREF Output Enable bit
1 = CVREF voltage level is output on RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF pin
0 = CVREF voltage level is disconnected from RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF pin
bit 5 CVRR: Comparator VREF Range Selection bit
1 = 0 to 0.75 CVRSRC, with CVRSRC/24 step size
0 = 0.25 CVRSRC to 0.75 CVRSRC, with CVRSRC/32 step size
bit 4 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 3-0 CVR3:CVR0: Comparator VREF Value Selection bits 0 ≤ VR3:VR0 ≤ 15
When CVRR = 1:
CVREF = (VR<3:0>/ 24) • (CVRSRC)
When CVRR = 0:
CVREF = 1/4 • (CVRSRC) + (VR3:VR0/ 32) • (CVRSRC)

Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 141

PIC16F87XA
FIGURE 13-1: COMPARATOR VOLTAGE REFERENCE BLOCK DIAGRAM

VDD

16 Stages

CVREN
8R R R R R

8R CVRR

RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF

CVROE
CVR3
CVREF CVR2
16:1 Analog MUX
Input to CVR1
Comparator CVR0

TABLE 13-1: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH COMPARATOR VOLTAGE REFERENCE

Value on
Value on
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 all other
POR
Resets
9Dh CVRCON CVREN CVROE CVRR — CVR3 CVR2 CVR1 CVR0 000- 0000 000- 0000
9Ch CMCON C2OUT C1OUT C2INV C1INV CIS CM2 CM1 CM0 0000 0111 0000 0111
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented, read as ‘0’.
Shaded cells are not used with the comparator voltage reference.

DS39582B-page 142  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
14.0 SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE Sleep mode is designed to offer a very low current
power-down mode. The user can wake-up from Sleep
CPU
through external Reset, Watchdog Timer wake-up or
All PIC16F87XA devices have a host of features through an interrupt.
intended to maximize system reliability, minimize cost Several oscillator options are also made available to
through elimination of external components, provide allow the part to fit the application. The RC oscillator
power saving operating modes and offer code option saves system cost while the LP crystal option
protection. These are: saves power. A set of configuration bits is used to
• Oscillator Selection select various options.
• Reset Additional information on special features is available
- Power-on Reset (POR) in the PICmicro® Mid-Range MCU Family Reference
- Power-up Timer (PWRT) Manual (DS33023).
- Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST)
- Brown-out Reset (BOR)
14.1 Configuration Bits
• Interrupts The configuration bits can be programmed (read as ‘0’),
• Watchdog Timer (WDT) or left unprogrammed (read as ‘1’) to select various
• Sleep device configurations. The erased or unprogrammed
value of the Configuration Word register is 3FFFh.
• Code Protection
These bits are mapped in program memory location
• ID Locations 2007h.
• In-Circuit Serial Programming
It is important to note that address 2007h is beyond the
• Low-Voltage In-Circuit Serial Programming user program memory space which can be accessed
• In-Circuit Debugger only during programming.
PIC16F87XA devices have a Watchdog Timer which
can be shut-off only through configuration bits. It runs
off its own RC oscillator for added reliability.
There are two timers that offer necessary delays on
power-up. One is the Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST),
intended to keep the chip in Reset until the crystal oscil-
lator is stable. The other is the Power-up Timer
(PWRT), which provides a fixed delay of 72 ms (nomi-
nal) on power-up only. It is designed to keep the part in
Reset while the power supply stabilizes. With these two
timers on-chip, most applications need no external
Reset circuitry.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 143

PIC16F87XA
REGISTER 14-1: CONFIGURATION WORD (ADDRESS 2007h)(1)
R/P-1 U-0 R/P-1 R/P-1 R/P-1 R/P-1 R/P-1 R/P-1 U-0 U-0 R/P-1 R/P-1 R/P-1 R/P-1
CP — DEBUG WRT1 WRT0 CPD LVP BOREN — — PWRTEN WDTEN FOSC1 FOSC0
bit 13 bit0

bit 13 CP: Flash Program Memory Code Protection bit

1 = Code protection off
0 = All program memory code-protected
bit 12 Unimplemented: Read as ‘1’
bit 11 DEBUG: In-Circuit Debugger Mode bit
1 = In-Circuit Debugger disabled, RB6 and RB7 are general purpose I/O pins
0 = In-Circuit Debugger enabled, RB6 and RB7 are dedicated to the debugger
bit 10-9 WRT1:WRT0 Flash Program Memory Write Enable bits
For PIC16F876A/877A:
11 = Write protection off; all program memory may be written to by EECON control
10 = 0000h to 00FFh write-protected; 0100h to 1FFFh may be written to by EECON control
01 = 0000h to 07FFh write-protected; 0800h to 1FFFh may be written to by EECON control
00 = 0000h to 0FFFh write-protected; 1000h to 1FFFh may be written to by EECON control
For PIC16F873A/874A:
11 = Write protection off; all program memory may be written to by EECON control
10 = 0000h to 00FFh write-protected; 0100h to 0FFFh may be written to by EECON control
01 = 0000h to 03FFh write-protected; 0400h to 0FFFh may be written to by EECON control
00 = 0000h to 07FFh write-protected; 0800h to 0FFFh may be written to by EECON control
bit 8 CPD: Data EEPROM Memory Code Protection bit
1 = Data EEPROM code protection off
0 = Data EEPROM code-protected
bit 7 LVP: Low-Voltage (Single-Supply) In-Circuit Serial Programming Enable bit
1 = RB3/PGM pin has PGM function; low-voltage programming enabled
0 = RB3 is digital I/O, HV on MCLR must be used for programming
bit 6 BOREN: Brown-out Reset Enable bit
1 = BOR enabled
0 = BOR disabled
bit 5-4 Unimplemented: Read as ‘1’
bit 3 PWRTEN: Power-up Timer Enable bit
1 = PWRT disabled
0 = PWRT enabled
bit 2 WDTEN: Watchdog Timer Enable bit
1 = WDT enabled
0 = WDT disabled
bit 1-0 FOSC1:FOSC0: Oscillator Selection bits
11 = RC oscillator
10 = HS oscillator
01 = XT oscillator
00 = LP oscillator

Legend:
R = Readable bit P = Programmable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
- n = Value when device is unprogrammed u = Unchanged from programmed state

Note 1: The erased (unprogrammed) value of the Configuration Word is 3FFFh.

DS39582B-page 144  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
14.2 Oscillator Configurations FIGURE 14-2: EXTERNAL CLOCK INPUT
OPERATION (HS, XT OR
14.2.1 OSCILLATOR TYPES LP OSC CONFIGURATION)
The PIC16F87XA can be operated in four different
oscillator modes. The user can program two configura-
tion bits (FOSC1 and FOSC0) to select one of these four
Clock from OSC1
modes: Ext. System PIC16F87XA
• LP Low-Power Crystal
Open OSC2
• XT Crystal/Resonator
• HS High-Speed Crystal/Resonator
• RC Resistor/Capacitor

14.2.2 CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR/CERAMIC

RESONATORS TABLE 14-1: CERAMIC RESONATORS

In XT, LP or HS modes, a crystal or ceramic resonator Ranges Tested:

is connected to the OSC1/CLKI and OSC2/CLKO pins Mode Freq. OSC1 OSC2
to establish oscillation (Figure 14-1). The PIC16F87XA
oscillator design requires the use of a parallel cut crys- XT 455 kHz 68-100 pF 68-100 pF
tal. Use of a series cut crystal may give a frequency out 2.0 MHz 15-68 pF 15-68 pF
of the crystal manufacturer’s specifications. When in 4.0 MHz 15-68 pF 15-68 pF
XT, LP or HS modes, the device can have an external HS 8.0 MHz 10-68 pF 10-68 pF
clock source to drive the OSC1/CLKI pin (Figure 14-2). 16.0 MHz 10-22 pF 10-22 pF
These values are for design guidance only.
FIGURE 14-1: CRYSTAL/CERAMIC See notes following Table 14-2.
RESONATOR OPERATION
Resonators Used:
(HS, XT OR LP
OSC CONFIGURATION) 2.0 MHz Murata Erie CSA2.00MG ± 0.5%
4.0 MHz Murata Erie CSA4.00MG ± 0.5%
C1(1) OSC1 8.0 MHz Murata Erie CSA8.00MT ± 0.5%
To 16.0 MHz Murata Erie CSA16.00MX ± 0.5%
Internal
XTAL Logic All resonators used did not have built-in capacitors.
RF(3)
OSC2
Sleep
Rs(2)
C2(1) PIC16F87XA

Note 1: See Table 14-1 and Table 14-2 for recommended

values of C1 and C2.
2: A series resistor (Rs) may be required for AT
strip cut crystals.
3: RF varies with the crystal chosen.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 145

PIC16F87XA
TABLE 14-2: CAPACITOR SELECTION FOR 14.2.3 RC OSCILLATOR
CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR For timing insensitive applications, the “RC” device
Crystal Cap. Range Cap. Range option offers additional cost savings. The RC oscillator
Osc Type frequency is a function of the supply voltage, the
Freq. C1 C2
resistor (REXT) and capacitor (CEXT) values and the
LP 32 kHz 33 pF 33 pF operating temperature. In addition to this, the oscillator
200 kHz 15 pF 15 pF frequency will vary from unit to unit due to normal pro-
XT 200 kHz 47-68 pF 47-68 pF cess parameter variation. Furthermore, the difference
in lead frame capacitance between package types will
1 MHz 15 pF 15 pF also affect the oscillation frequency, especially for low
4 MHz 15 pF 15 pF CEXT values. The user also needs to take into account
HS 4 MHz 15 pF 15 pF variation due to tolerance of external R and C
components used. Figure 14-3 shows how the R/C
8 MHz 15-33 pF 15-33 pF
combination is connected to the PIC16F87XA.
20 MHz 15-33 pF 15-33 pF
These values are for design guidance only. FIGURE 14-3: RC OSCILLATOR MODE
See notes following this table.
VDD
Crystals Used
32 kHz Epson C-001R32.768K-A ± 20 PPM REXT
OSC1 Internal
200 kHz STD XTL 200.000KHz ± 20 PPM Clock
1 MHz ECS ECS-10-13-1 ± 50 PPM
CEXT PIC16F87XA
4 MHz ECS ECS-40-20-1 ± 50 PPM
VSS
8 MHz EPSON CA-301 8.000M-C ± 30 PPM OSC2/CLKO
FOSC/4
20 MHz EPSON CA-301 20.000M-C ± 30 PPM
Recommended values: 3 kΩ ≤ REXT ≤ 100 kΩ
CEXT > 20 pF
Note 1: Higher capacitance increases the stability
of oscillator but also increases the start-up
time.
2: Since each resonator/crystal has its own
characteristics, the user should consult
the resonator/crystal manufacturer for
appropriate values of external
components.
3: Rs may be required in HS mode, as well
as XT mode, to avoid overdriving crystals
with low drive level specification.
4: When migrating from other PICmicro®
devices, oscillator performance should be
verified.

DS39582B-page 146  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
14.3 Reset state” on Power-on Reset (POR), on the MCLR and
WDT Reset, on MCLR Reset during Sleep and Brown-
The PIC16F87XA differentiates between various kinds out Reset (BOR). They are not affected by a WDT
of Reset: wake-up which is viewed as the resumption of normal
• Power-on Reset (POR) operation. The TO and PD bits are set or cleared differ-
• MCLR Reset during normal operation ently in different Reset situations as indicated in
Table 14-4. These bits are used in software to deter-
• MCLR Reset during Sleep
mine the nature of the Reset. See Table 14-6 for a full
• WDT Reset (during normal operation) description of Reset states of all registers.
• WDT Wake-up (during Sleep)
A simplified block diagram of the on-chip Reset circuit
• Brown-out Reset (BOR) is shown in Figure 14-4.
Some registers are not affected in any Reset condition.
Their status is unknown on POR and unchanged in any
other Reset. Most other registers are reset to a “Reset

FIGURE 14-4: SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ON-CHIP RESET CIRCUIT

External
Reset

MCLR
Sleep
WDT WDT
Module Time-out
Reset
VDD Rise
Detect
Power-on Reset
VDD

Brown-out
Reset S
BODEN

OST/PWRT
OST
Chip_Reset
10-bit Ripple Counter R Q
OSC1

(1) PWRT
On-chip
RC OSC 10-bit Ripple Counter

Enable PWRT

Enable OST

Note 1: This is a separate oscillator from the RC oscillator of the CLKI pin.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 147

PIC16F87XA
14.4 MCLR 14.6 Power-up Timer (PWRT)
PIC16F87XA devices have a noise filter in the MCLR The Power-up Timer provides a fixed 72 ms nominal
Reset path. The filter will detect and ignore small time-out on power-up only from the POR. The Power-
pulses. up Timer operates on an internal RC oscillator. The
It should be noted that a WDT Reset does not drive chip is kept in Reset as long as the PWRT is active. The
MCLR pin low. PWRT’s time delay allows VDD to rise to an acceptable
level. A configuration bit is provided to enable or
The behavior of the ESD protection on the MCLR pin disable the PWRT.
differs from previous devices of this family. Voltages
applied to the pin that exceed its specification can The power-up time delay will vary from chip to chip due
result in both Resets and current consumption outside to VDD, temperature and process variation. See
of device specification during the Reset event. For this Section 17.0 “Electrical Characteristics” for details
reason, Microchip recommends that the MCLR pin no (TPWRT, parameter #33).
longer be tied directly to VDD. The use of an RCR
network, as shown in Figure 14-5, is suggested. 14.7 Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST)
The Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) provides a delay of
FIGURE 14-5: RECOMMENDED MCLR 1024 oscillator cycles (from OSC1 input) after the
CIRCUIT PWRT delay is over (if PWRT is enabled). This helps to
ensure that the crystal oscillator or resonator has
VDD
PIC16F87XA started and stabilized.
The OST time-out is invoked only for XT, LP and HS
R1(1) modes and only on Power-on Reset or wake-up from
Sleep.
MCLR
R2(2) 14.8 Brown-out Reset (BOR)
C1
The configuration bit, BODEN, can enable or disable
the Brown-out Reset circuit. If VDD falls below VBOR
(parameter D005, about 4V) for longer than TBOR
Note 1: R1 < 40 kΩ is recommended to make (parameter #35, about 100 µS), the brown-out situation
sure that the voltage drop across R does will reset the device. If VDD falls below VBOR for less
not violate the device’s electrical than TBOR, a Reset may not occur.
specification. Once the brown-out occurs, the device will remain in
2: R2 > than 1K will limit any current Brown-out Reset until VDD rises above VBOR. The
flowing into MCLR from the external
Power-up Timer then keeps the device in Reset for
capacitor C, in the event of MCLR/VPP
breakdown due to Electrostatic
TPWRT (parameter #33, about 72 mS). If VDD should
Discharge (ESD) or Electrical fall below VBOR during TPWRT, the Brown-out Reset
Overstress (EOS). process will restart when VDD rises above VBOR with
the Power-up Timer Reset. The Power-up Timer is
always enabled when the Brown-out Reset circuit is
14.5 Power-on Reset (POR) enabled, regardless of the state of the PWRT
configuration bit.
A Power-on Reset pulse is generated on-chip when
VDD rise is detected (in the range of 1.2V-1.7V). To take
14.9 Time-out Sequence
advantage of the POR, tie the MCLR pin to VDD
through an RC network, as described in Section 14.4 On power-up, the time-out sequence is as follows: the
“MCLR”. A maximum rise time for VDD is specified. PWRT delay starts (if enabled) when a POR Reset
See Section 17.0 “Electrical Characteristics” for occurs. Then, OST starts counting 1024 oscillator
details. cycles when PWRT ends (LP, XT, HS). When the OST
When the device starts normal operation (exits the ends, the device comes out of Reset.
Reset condition), device operating parameters (volt- If MCLR is kept low long enough, the time-outs will
age, frequency, temperature, etc.) must be met to expire. Bringing MCLR high will begin execution
ensure operation. If these conditions are not met, the immediately. This is useful for testing purposes or to
device must be held in Reset until the operating condi- synchronize more than one PIC16F87XA device
tions are met. Brown-out Reset may be used to meet operating in parallel.
the start-up conditions. For additional information, refer
Table 14-5 shows the Reset conditions for the Status,
to application note, AN607, “Power-up Trouble
PCON and PC registers, while Table 14-6 shows the
Shooting” (DS00607).
Reset conditions for all the registers.

DS39582B-page 148  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
14.10 Power Control/Status Register When the Brown-out Reset is disabled, the state of the
(PCON) BOR bit is unpredictable and is, therefore, not valid at
any time.
The Power Control/Status Register, PCON, has up to
Bit 1 is the Power-on Reset Status bit, POR. It is
two bits depending upon the device.
cleared on a Power-on Reset and unaffected other-
Bit 0 is the Brown-out Reset Status bit, BOR. The BOR wise. The user must set this bit following a Power-on
bit is unknown on a Power-on Reset. It must then be set Reset.
by the user and checked on subsequent Resets to see if
it has been cleared, indicating that a BOR has occurred.

TABLE 14-3: TIME-OUT IN VARIOUS SITUATIONS

Power-up Wake-up from
Oscillator Configuration Brown-out
PWRTE = 0 PWRTE = 1 Sleep

XT, HS, LP 72 ms + 1024 TOSC 1024 TOSC 72 ms + 1024 TOSC 1024 TOSC
RC 72 ms — 72 ms —

TABLE 14-4: STATUS BITS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE

POR BOR TO PD Condition
0 x 1 1 Power-on Reset
0 x 0 x Illegal, TO is set on POR
0 x x 0 Illegal, PD is set on POR
1 0 1 1 Brown-out Reset
1 1 0 1 WDT Reset
1 1 0 0 WDT Wake-up
1 1 u u MCLR Reset during normal operation
1 1 1 0 MCLR Reset during Sleep or Interrupt Wake-up from Sleep
Legend: x = don’t care, u = unchanged

TABLE 14-5: RESET CONDITIONS FOR SPECIAL REGISTERS

Program Status PCON
Condition
Counter Register Register
Power-on Reset 000h 0001 1xxx ---- --0x
MCLR Reset during normal operation 000h 000u uuuu ---- --uu
MCLR Reset during Sleep 000h 0001 0uuu ---- --uu
WDT Reset 000h 0000 1uuu ---- --uu
WDT Wake-up PC + 1 uuu0 0uuu ---- --uu
Brown-out Reset 000h 0001 1uuu ---- --u0
Interrupt Wake-up from Sleep PC + 1(1) uuu1 0uuu ---- --uu
Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
Note 1: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIE bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt vector
(0004h).

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 149

PIC16F87XA
TABLE 14-6: INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS
Power-on Reset, MCLR Resets, Wake-up via WDT or
Register Devices
Brown-out Reset WDT Reset Interrupt
W 73A 74A 76A 77A xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
INDF 73A 74A 76A 77A N/A N/A N/A
TMR0 73A 74A 76A 77A xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
PCL 73A 74A 76A 77A 0000 0000 0000 0000 PC + 1(2)
STATUS 73A 74A 76A 77A 0001 1xxx 000q quuu(3) uuuq quuu(3)
FSR 73A 74A 76A 77A xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
PORTA 73A 74A 76A 77A --0x 0000 --0u 0000 --uu uuuu
PORTB 73A 74A 76A 77A xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
PORTC 73A 74A 76A 77A xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
PORTD 73A 74A 76A 77A xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
PORTE 73A 74A 76A 77A ---- -xxx ---- -uuu ---- -uuu
PCLATH 73A 74A 76A 77A ---0 0000 ---0 0000 ---u uuuu
INTCON 73A 74A 76A 77A 0000 000x 0000 000u uuuu uuuu(1)
73A 74A 76A 77A r000 0000 r000 0000 ruuu uuuu(1)
PIR1
73A 74A 76A 77A 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu(1)
PIR2 73A 74A 76A 77A -0-0 0--0 -0-0 0--0 -u-u u--u(1)
TMR1L 73A 74A 76A 77A xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
TMR1H 73A 74A 76A 77A xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
T1CON 73A 74A 76A 77A --00 0000 --uu uuuu --uu uuuu
TMR2 73A 74A 76A 77A 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
T2CON 73A 74A 76A 77A -000 0000 -000 0000 -uuu uuuu
SSPBUF 73A 74A 76A 77A xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
SSPCON 73A 74A 76A 77A 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
CCPR1L 73A 74A 76A 77A xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
CCPR1H 73A 74A 76A 77A xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
CCP1CON 73A 74A 76A 77A --00 0000 --00 0000 --uu uuuu
RCSTA 73A 74A 76A 77A 0000 000x 0000 000x uuuu uuuu
TXREG 73A 74A 76A 77A 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
RCREG 73A 74A 76A 77A 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
CCPR2L 73A 74A 76A 77A xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
CCPR2H 73A 74A 76A 77A xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
CCP2CON 73A 74A 76A 77A 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
ADRESH 73A 74A 76A 77A xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
ADCON0 73A 74A 76A 77A 0000 00-0 0000 00-0 uuuu uu-u
OPTION_REG 73A 74A 76A 77A 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu
TRISA 73A 74A 76A 77A --11 1111 --11 1111 --uu uuuu
TRISB 73A 74A 76A 77A 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu
TRISC 73A 74A 76A 77A 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu
Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’, q = value depends on condition,
r = reserved, maintain clear. Shaded cells indicate conditions do not apply for the designated device.
Note 1: One or more bits in INTCON, PIR1 and/or PIR2 will be affected (to cause wake-up).
2: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIE bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt vector
(0004h).
3: See Table 14-5 for Reset value for specific condition.

DS39582B-page 150  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
TABLE 14-6: INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS (CONTINUED)
Power-on Reset, MCLR Resets, Wake-up via WDT or
Register Devices
Brown-out Reset WDT Reset Interrupt
TRISD 73A 74A 76A 77A 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu
TRISE 73A 74A 76A 77A 0000 -111 0000 -111 uuuu -uuu
73A 74A 76A 77A r000 0000 r000 0000 ruuu uuuu
PIE1
73A 74A 76A 77A 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
PIE2 73A 74A 76A 77A -0-0 0--0 -0-0 0--0 -u-u u--u
PCON 73A 74A 76A 77A ---- --qq ---- --uu ---- --uu
SSPCON2 73A 74A 76A 77A 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
PR2 73A 74A 76A 77A 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111
SSPADD 73A 74A 76A 77A 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
SSPSTAT 73A 74A 76A 77A --00 0000 --00 0000 --uu uuuu
TXSTA 73A 74A 76A 77A 0000 -010 0000 -010 uuuu -uuu
SPBRG 73A 74A 76A 77A 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
CMCON 73A 974 76A 77A 0000 0111 0000 0111 uuuu uuuu
CVRCON 73A 74A 76A 77A 000- 0000 000- 0000 uuu- uuuu
ADRESL 73A 74A 76A 77A xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
ADCON1 73A 74A 76A 77A 00-- 0000 00-- 0000 uu-- uuuu
EEDATA 73A 74A 76A 77A xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
EEADR 73A 74A 76A 77A xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
EEDATH 73A 74A 76A 77A xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
EEADRH 73A 74A 76A 77A xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
EECON1 73A 74A 76A 77A x--- x000 u--- u000 u--- uuuu
EECON2 73A 74A 76A 77A ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’, q = value depends on condition,
r = reserved, maintain clear. Shaded cells indicate conditions do not apply for the designated device.
Note 1: One or more bits in INTCON, PIR1 and/or PIR2 will be affected (to cause wake-up).
2: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIE bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt vector
(0004h).
3: See Table 14-5 for Reset value for specific condition.

FIGURE 14-6: TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR TIED TO VDD VIA RC NETWORK)

VDD

MCLR

Internal POR
TPWRT

PWRT Time-out TOST

OST Time-out

Internal Reset

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 151

PIC16F87XA
FIGURE 14-7: TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR NOT TIED TO VDD): CASE 1

VDD

MCLR

Internal POR
TPWRT

PWRT Time-out TOST

OST Time-out

Internal Reset

FIGURE 14-8: TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR NOT TIED TO VDD): CASE 2

VDD

MCLR

Internal POR

TPWRT

PWRT Time-out TOST

OST Time-out

Internal Reset

FIGURE 14-9: SLOW RISE TIME (MCLR TIED TO VDD VIA RC NETWORK)

5V
VDD 0V 1V

MCLR

Internal POR

TPWRT

PWRT Time-out
TOST

OST Time-out

Internal Reset

DS39582B-page 152  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
14.11 Interrupts The RB0/INT pin interrupt, the RB port change interrupt
and the TMR0 overflow interrupt flags are contained in
The PIC16F87XA family has up to 15 sources of the INTCON register.
interrupt. The Interrupt Control register (INTCON)
records individual interrupt requests in flag bits. It also The peripheral interrupt flags are contained in the
has individual and global interrupt enable bits. Special Function Registers, PIR1 and PIR2. The
corresponding interrupt enable bits are contained in
Note: Individual interrupt flag bits are set regard- Special Function Registers, PIE1 and PIE2, and the
less of the status of their corresponding peripheral interrupt enable bit is contained in Special
mask bit or the GIE bit. Function Register, INTCON.
A global interrupt enable bit, GIE (INTCON<7>), When an interrupt is responded to, the GIE bit is
enables (if set) all unmasked interrupts or disables (if cleared to disable any further interrupt, the return
cleared) all interrupts. When bit GIE is enabled and an address is pushed onto the stack and the PC is loaded
interrupt’s flag bit and mask bit are set, the interrupt will with 0004h. Once in the Interrupt Service Routine, the
vector immediately. Individual interrupts can be source(s) of the interrupt can be determined by polling
disabled through their corresponding enable bits in the interrupt flag bits. The interrupt flag bit(s) must be
various registers. Individual interrupt bits are set cleared in software before re-enabling interrupts to
regardless of the status of the GIE bit. The GIE bit is avoid recursive interrupts.
cleared on Reset.
For external interrupt events, such as the INT pin or
The “return from interrupt” instruction, RETFIE, exits PORTB change interrupt, the interrupt latency will be
the interrupt routine, as well as sets the GIE bit, which three or four instruction cycles. The exact latency
re-enables interrupts. depends when the interrupt event occurs. The latency
is the same for one or two-cycle instructions. Individual
interrupt flag bits are set regardless of the status of their
corresponding mask bit, PEIE bit or GIE bit.

FIGURE 14-10: INTERRUPT LOGIC

EEIF
EEIE
PSPIF(1)
PSPIE(1)
ADIF
ADIE
Wake-up (If in Sleep mode)
RCIF TMR0IF
RCIE TMR0IE
INTF
TXIF
INTE
TXIE Interrupt to CPU
RBIF
SSPIF RBIE
SSPIE

CCP1IF PEIE
CCP1IE
GIE
TMR2IF
TMR2IE
TMR1IF
TMR1IE
CCP2IF
CCP2IE
BCLIF
BCLIE

CMIF
CMIE

Note 1: PSP interrupt is implemented only on PIC16F874A/877A devices.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 153

PIC16F87XA
14.11.1 INT INTERRUPT 14.12 Context Saving During Interrupts
External interrupt on the RB0/INT pin is edge triggered, During an interrupt, only the return PC value is saved
either rising if bit INTEDG (OPTION_REG<6>) is set or on the stack. Typically, users may wish to save key reg-
falling if the INTEDG bit is clear. When a valid edge isters during an interrupt (i.e., W register and Status
appears on the RB0/INT pin, flag bit, INTF register). This will have to be implemented in software.
(INTCON<1>), is set. This interrupt can be disabled by
clearing enable bit, INTE (INTCON<4>). Flag bit INTF For the PIC16F873A/874A devices, the register
must be cleared in software in the Interrupt Service W_TEMP must be defined in both Banks 0 and 1 and
Routine before re-enabling this interrupt. The INT must be defined at the same offset from the bank base
interrupt can wake-up the processor from Sleep if bit address (i.e., If W_TEMP is defined at 0x20 in Bank 0,
INTE was set prior to going into Sleep. The status of it must also be defined at 0xA0 in Bank 1). The regis-
global interrupt enable bit, GIE, decides whether or not ters, PCLATH_TEMP and STATUS_TEMP, are only
the processor branches to the interrupt vector following defined in Bank 0.
wake-up. See Section 14.14 “Power-down Mode Since the upper 16 bytes of each bank are common in
(Sleep)” for details on Sleep mode. the PIC16F876A/877A devices, temporary holding reg-
isters, W_TEMP, STATUS_TEMP and PCLATH_TEMP,
14.11.2 TMR0 INTERRUPT should be placed in here. These 16 locations don’t
An overflow (FFh → 00h) in the TMR0 register will set require banking and therefore, make it easier for con-
flag bit, TMR0IF (INTCON<2>). The interrupt can be text save and restore. The same code shown in
enabled/disabled by setting/clearing enable bit, Example 14-1 can be used.
TMR0IE (INTCON<5>). See Section 5.0 “Timer0
Module”.

14.11.3 PORTB INTCON CHANGE

An input change on PORTB<7:4> sets flag bit, RBIF
(INTCON<0>). The interrupt can be enabled/disabled
by setting/clearing enable bit, RBIE (INTCON<4>). See
Section 4.2 “PORTB and the TRISB Register”.

EXAMPLE 14-1: SAVING STATUS, W AND PCLATH REGISTERS IN RAM

MOVWF W_TEMP ;Copy W to TEMP register
SWAPF STATUS,W ;Swap status to be saved into W
CLRF STATUS ;bank 0, regardless of current bank, Clears IRP,RP1,RP0
MOVWF STATUS_TEMP ;Save status to bank zero STATUS_TEMP register
MOVF PCLATH, W ;Only required if using pages 1, 2 and/or 3
MOVWF PCLATH_TEMP ;Save PCLATH into W
CLRF PCLATH ;Page zero, regardless of current page
:
:(ISR) ;(Insert user code here)
:
MOVF PCLATH_TEMP, W ;Restore PCLATH
MOVWF PCLATH ;Move W into PCLATH
SWAPF STATUS_TEMP,W ;Swap STATUS_TEMP register into W
;(sets bank to original state)
MOVWF STATUS ;Move W into STATUS register
SWAPF W_TEMP,F ;Swap W_TEMP
SWAPF W_TEMP,W ;Swap W_TEMP into W

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 PIC16F87XA
14.13 Watchdog Timer (WDT) WDT time-out period values may be found in
Section 17.0 “Electrical Characteristics” under
The Watchdog Timer is a free running, on-chip RC parameter #31. Values for the WDT prescaler (actually
oscillator which does not require any external a postscaler but shared with the Timer0 prescaler) may
components. This RC oscillator is separate from the be assigned using the OPTION_REG register.
RC oscillator of the OSC1/CLKI pin. That means that
the WDT will run even if the clock on the OSC1/CLKI Note 1: The CLRWDT and SLEEP instructions
and OSC2/CLKO pins of the device has been stopped, clear the WDT and the postscaler, if
for example, by execution of a SLEEP instruction. assigned to the WDT and prevent it from
timing out and generating a device Reset
During normal operation, a WDT time-out generates a
condition.
device Reset (Watchdog Timer Reset). If the device is
in Sleep mode, a WDT time-out causes the device to 2: When a CLRWDT instruction is executed
wake-up and continue with normal operation (Watch- and the prescaler is assigned to the WDT,
dog Timer Wake-up). The TO bit in the Status register the prescaler count will be cleared but the
will be cleared upon a Watchdog Timer time-out. prescaler assignment is not changed.
The WDT can be permanently disabled by clearing
configuration bit, WDTE (Section 14.1 “Configuration
Bits”).

FIGURE 14-11: WATCHDOG TIMER BLOCK DIAGRAM

From TMR0 Clock Source

(Figure 5-1)

0
M Postscaler
1 U
WDT Timer
X 8

8-to-1 MUX PS2:PS0

PSA
WDT
Enable Bit
To TMR0 (Figure 5-1)

0 1

MUX PSA

WDT
Time-out

Note: PSA and PS2:PS0 are bits in the OPTION_REG register.

TABLE 14-7: SUMMARY OF WATCHDOG TIMER REGISTERS

Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

2007h Config. bits (1) BODEN(1) CP1 CP0 PWRTE(1) WDTE FOSC1 FOSC0
81h, 181h OPTION_REG RBPU INTEDG T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0
Legend: Shaded cells are not used by the Watchdog Timer.
Note 1: See Register 14-1 for operation of these bits.

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PIC16F87XA
14.14 Power-down Mode (Sleep) When the SLEEP instruction is being executed, the next
instruction (PC + 1) is prefetched. For the device to
Power-down mode is entered by executing a SLEEP wake-up through an interrupt event, the corresponding
instruction. interrupt enable bit must be set (enabled). Wake-up is
If enabled, the Watchdog Timer will be cleared but regardless of the state of the GIE bit. If the GIE bit is
keeps running, the PD bit (Status<3>) is cleared, the clear (disabled), the device continues execution at the
TO (Status<4>) bit is set and the oscillator driver is instruction after the SLEEP instruction. If the GIE bit is
turned off. The I/O ports maintain the status they had set (enabled), the device executes the instruction after
before the SLEEP instruction was executed (driving the SLEEP instruction and then branches to the inter-
high, low or high-impedance). rupt address (0004h). In cases where the execution of
the instruction following SLEEP is not desirable, the
For lowest current consumption in this mode, place all
user should have a NOP after the SLEEP instruction.
I/O pins at either VDD or VSS, ensure no external
circuitry is drawing current from the I/O pin, power-
14.14.2 WAKE-UP USING INTERRUPTS
down the A/D and disable external clocks. Pull all I/O
pins that are high-impedance inputs, high or low When global interrupts are disabled (GIE cleared) and
externally, to avoid switching currents caused by any interrupt source has both its interrupt enable bit
floating inputs. The T0CKI input should also be at VDD and interrupt flag bit set, one of the following will occur:
or VSS for lowest current consumption. The • If the interrupt occurs before the execution of a
contribution from on-chip pull-ups on PORTB should SLEEP instruction, the SLEEP instruction will
also be considered. complete as a NOP. Therefore, the WDT and WDT
The MCLR pin must be at a logic high level (VIHMC). postscaler will not be cleared, the TO bit will not
be set and PD bits will not be cleared.
14.14.1 WAKE-UP FROM SLEEP • If the interrupt occurs during or after the
The device can wake-up from Sleep through one of the execution of a SLEEP instruction, the device will
following events: immediately wake-up from Sleep. The SLEEP
instruction will be completely executed before the
1. External Reset input on MCLR pin. wake-up. Therefore, the WDT and WDT
2. Watchdog Timer wake-up (if WDT was enabled). postscaler will be cleared, the TO bit will be set
3. Interrupt from INT pin, RB port change or and the PD bit will be cleared.
peripheral interrupt. Even if the flag bits were checked before executing a
External MCLR Reset will cause a device Reset. All other SLEEP instruction, it may be possible for flag bits to
events are considered a continuation of program execu- become set before the SLEEP instruction completes. To
tion and cause a “wake-up”. The TO and PD bits in the determine whether a SLEEP instruction executed, test
Status register can be used to determine the cause of the PD bit. If the PD bit is set, the SLEEP instruction
device Reset. The PD bit, which is set on power-up, is was executed as a NOP.
cleared when Sleep is invoked. The TO bit is cleared if a To ensure that the WDT is cleared, a CLRWDT
WDT time-out occurred and caused wake-up. instruction should be executed before a SLEEP
The following peripheral interrupts can wake the device instruction.
from Sleep:
1. PSP read or write (PIC16F874/877 only).
2. TMR1 interrupt. Timer1 must be operating as an
asynchronous counter.
3. CCP Capture mode interrupt.
4. Special event trigger (Timer1 in Asynchronous
mode using an external clock).
5. SSP (Start/Stop) bit detect interrupt.
6. SSP transmit or receive in Slave mode (SPI/I2C).
7. USART RX or TX (Synchronous Slave mode).
8. A/D conversion (when A/D clock source is RC).
9. EEPROM write operation completion.
10. Comparator output changes state.
Other peripherals cannot generate interrupts since
during Sleep, no on-chip clocks are present.

DS39582B-page 156  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
FIGURE 14-12: WAKE-UP FROM SLEEP THROUGH INTERRUPT

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
OSC1
CLKO(4) TOST(2)

INT pin
INTF Flag
(INTCON<1>) Interrupt Latency(2)

GIE bit
(INTCON<7>) Processor in
Sleep
INSTRUCTION FLOW
PC PC PC+1 PC+2 PC+2 PC + 2 0004h 0005h
Instruction
Fetched Inst(PC) = Sleep Inst(PC + 1) Inst(PC + 2) Inst(0004h) Inst(0005h)
Instruction Inst(PC - 1) Sleep Inst(PC + 1) Dummy cycle Dummy cycle
Executed Inst(0004h)

Note 1: XT, HS or LP Oscillator mode assumed.

2: TOST = 1024 TOSC (drawing not to scale). This delay will not be there for RC Oscillator mode.
3: GIE = 1 assumed. In this case, after wake- up, the processor jumps to the interrupt routine.
If GIE = 0, execution will continue in-line.
4: CLKO is not available in these oscillator modes but shown here for timing reference.

14.15 In-Circuit Debugger 14.16 Program Verification/Code

When the DEBUG bit in the configuration word is pro-
Protection
grammed to a ‘0’, the in-circuit debugger functionality is If the code protection bit(s) have not been
enabled. This function allows simple debugging programmed, the on-chip program memory can be
functions when used with MPLAB® ICD. When the read out for verification purposes.
microcontroller has this feature enabled, some of the
resources are not available for general use. Table 14-8 14.17 ID Locations
shows which features are consumed by the
background debugger. Four memory locations (2000h-2003h) are designated
as ID locations, where the user can store checksum or
TABLE 14-8: DEBUGGER RESOURCES other code identification numbers. These locations are
not accessible during normal execution but are
I/O pins RB6, RB7
readable and writable during program/verify. It is
Stack 1 level recommended that only the 4 Least Significant bits of
Program Memory Address 0000h must be NOP the ID location are used.
Last 100h words
Data Memory 0x070 (0x0F0, 0x170, 0x1F0)
0x1EB-0x1EF
To use the in-circuit debugger function of the microcon-
troller, the design must implement In-Circuit Serial Pro-
gramming connections to MCLR/VPP, VDD, GND, RB7
and RB6. This will interface to the in-circuit debugger
module available from Microchip or one of the third
party development tool companies.

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PIC16F87XA
14.18 In-Circuit Serial Programming Note 1: The High-Voltage Programming mode is
PIC16F87XA microcontrollers can be serially pro- always available, regardless of the state
grammed while in the end application circuit. This is of the LVP bit, by applying VIHH to the
simply done with two lines for clock and data and three MCLR pin.
other lines for power, ground and the programming 2: While in Low-Voltage ICSP mode, the
voltage. This allows customers to manufacture boards RB3 pin can no longer be used as a
with unprogrammed devices and then program the general purpose I/O pin.
microcontroller just before shipping the product. This 3: When using Low-Voltage ICSP Program-
also allows the most recent firmware or a custom ming (LVP) and the pull-ups on PORTB
firmware to be programmed. are enabled, bit 3 in the TRISB register
When using ICSP, the part must be supplied at 4.5V to must be cleared to disable the pull-up on
5.5V if a bulk erase will be executed. This includes RB3 and ensure the proper operation of
reprogramming of the code-protect, both from an on the device.
state to an off state. For all other cases of ICSP, the part 4: RB3 should not be allowed to float if LVP
may be programmed at the normal operating voltages. is enabled. An external pull-down device
This means calibration values, unique user IDs or user should be used to default the device to
code can be reprogrammed or added. normal operating mode. If RB3 floats
For complete details of serial programming, please high, the PIC16F87XA device will enter
refer to the “PIC16F87XA Flash Memory Programming Programming mode.
Specification” (DS39589). 5: LVP mode is enabled by default on all
devices shipped from Microchip. It can be
14.19 Low-Voltage (Single-Supply) disabled by clearing the LVP bit in the
ICSP Programming CONFIG register.
The LVP bit of the configuration word enables low- 6: Disabling LVP will provide maximum
voltage ICSP programming. This mode allows the compatibility to other PIC16CXXX
microcontroller to be programmed via ICSP using a devices.
VDD source in the operating voltage range. This only
means that VPP does not have to be brought to VIHH but If Low-Voltage Programming mode is not used, the LVP
can instead be left at the normal operating voltage. In bit can be programmed to a ‘0’ and RB3/PGM becomes
this mode, the RB3/PGM pin is dedicated to the pro- a digital I/O pin. However, the LVP bit may only be pro-
gramming function and ceases to be a general purpose grammed when programming is entered with VIHH on
I/O pin. During programming, VDD is applied to the MCLR. The LVP bit can only be charged when using
MCLR pin. To enter Programming mode, VDD must be high voltage on MCLR.
applied to the RB3/PGM provided the LVP bit is set. It should be noted, that once the LVP bit is programmed
The LVP bit defaults to on (‘1’) from the factory. to ‘0’, only the High-Voltage Programming mode is
available and only High-Voltage Programming mode
can be used to program the device.
When using low-voltage ICSP, the part must be supplied
at 4.5V to 5.5V if a bulk erase will be executed. This
includes reprogramming of the code-protect bits from an
on state to an off state. For all other cases of low-voltage
ICSP, the part may be programmed at the normal oper-
ating voltage. This means calibration values, unique
user IDs or user code can be reprogrammed or added.

DS39582B-page 158  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
15.0 INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY For example, a “CLRF PORTB” instruction will read
PORTB, clear all the data bits, then write the result
The PIC16 instruction set is highly orthogonal and is back to PORTB. This example would have the unin-
comprised of three basic categories: tended result that the condition that sets the RBIF flag
• Byte-oriented operations would be cleared.
• Bit-oriented operations
TABLE 15-1: OPCODE FIELD
• Literal and control operations DESCRIPTIONS
Each PIC16 instruction is a 14-bit word divided into an
Field Description
opcode which specifies the instruction type and one or
more operands which further specify the operation of f Register file address (0x00 to 0x7F)
the instruction. The formats for each of the categories W Working register (accumulator)
is presented in Figure 15-1, while the various opcode
b Bit address within an 8-bit file register
fields are summarized in Table 15-1.
k Literal field, constant data or label
Table 15-2 lists the instructions recognized by the
MPASM™ Assembler. A complete description of each x Don't care location (= 0 or 1).
instruction is also available in the PICmicro® Mid-Range The assembler will generate code with x = 0.
MCU Family Reference Manual (DS33023). It is the recommended form of use for
compatibility with all Microchip software tools.
For byte-oriented instructions, ‘f’ represents a file
d Destination select; d = 0: store result in W,
register designator and ‘d’ represents a destination
d = 1: store result in file register f.
designator. The file register designator specifies which
Default is d = 1.
file register is to be used by the instruction.
PC Program Counter
The destination designator specifies where the result of
the operation is to be placed. If ‘d’ is zero, the result is TO Time-out bit
placed in the W register. If ‘d’ is one, the result is placed PD Power-down bit
in the file register specified in the instruction.
For bit-oriented instructions, ‘b’ represents a bit field FIGURE 15-1: GENERAL FORMAT FOR
designator which selects the bit affected by the opera- INSTRUCTIONS
tion, while ‘f’ represents the address of the file in which
the bit is located. Byte-oriented file register operations
13 8 7 6 0
For literal and control operations, ‘k’ represents an OPCODE d f (FILE #)
eight or eleven-bit constant or literal value
d = 0 for destination W
One instruction cycle consists of four oscillator periods; d = 1 for destination f
for an oscillator frequency of 4 MHz, this gives a normal f = 7-bit file register address
instruction execution time of 1 µs. All instructions are
executed within a single instruction cycle, unless a Bit-oriented file register operations
conditional test is true, or the program counter is 13 10 9 7 6 0
changed as a result of an instruction. When this occurs, OPCODE b (BIT #) f (FILE #)
the execution takes two instruction cycles with the
second cycle executed as a NOP. b = 3-bit bit address
f = 7-bit file register address
Note: To maintain upward compatibility with
future PIC16F87XA products, do not use Literal and control operations
the OPTION and TRIS instructions.
General
All instruction examples use the format ‘0xhh’ to 13 8 7 0
represent a hexadecimal number, where ‘h’ signifies a
OPCODE k (literal)
hexadecimal digit.
k = 8-bit immediate value
15.1 READ-MODIFY-WRITE
OPERATIONS CALL and GOTO instructions only
13 11 10 0
Any instruction that specifies a file register as part of
the instruction performs a Read-Modify-Write (R-M-W) OPCODE k (literal)
operation. The register is read, the data is modified, k = 11-bit immediate value
and the result is stored according to either the instruc-
tion or the destination designator ‘d’. A read operation
is performed on a register even if the instruction writes
to that register.

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PIC16F87XA
TABLE 15-2: PIC16F87XA INSTRUCTION SET
Mnemonic, 14-Bit Opcode Status
Description Cycles Notes
Operands MSb LSb Affected

BYTE-ORIENTED FILE REGISTER OPERATIONS

ADDWF f, d Add W and f 1 00 0111 dfff ffff C,DC,Z 1,2
ANDWF f, d AND W with f 1 00 0101 dfff ffff Z 1,2
CLRF f Clear f 1 00 0001 lfff ffff Z 2
CLRW - Clear W 1 00 0001 0xxx xxxx Z
COMF f, d Complement f 1 00 1001 dfff ffff Z 1,2
DECF f, d Decrement f 1 00 0011 dfff ffff Z 1,2
DECFSZ f, d Decrement f, Skip if 0 1(2) 00 1011 dfff ffff 1,2,3
INCF f, d Increment f 1 00 1010 dfff ffff Z 1,2
INCFSZ f, d Increment f, Skip if 0 1(2) 00 1111 dfff ffff 1,2,3
IORWF f, d Inclusive OR W with f 1 00 0100 dfff ffff Z 1,2
MOVF f, d Move f 1 00 1000 dfff ffff Z 1,2
MOVWF f Move W to f 1 00 0000 lfff ffff
NOP - No Operation 1 00 0000 0xx0 0000
RLF f, d Rotate Left f through Carry 1 00 1101 dfff ffff C 1,2
RRF f, d Rotate Right f through Carry 1 00 1100 dfff ffff C 1,2
SUBWF f, d Subtract W from f 1 00 0010 dfff ffff C,DC,Z 1,2
SWAPF f, d Swap nibbles in f 1 00 1110 dfff ffff 1,2
XORWF f, d Exclusive OR W with f 1 00 0110 dfff ffff Z 1,2
BIT-ORIENTED FILE REGISTER OPERATIONS
BCF f, b Bit Clear f 1 01 00bb bfff ffff 1,2
BSF f, b Bit Set f 1 01 01bb bfff ffff 1,2
BTFSC f, b Bit Test f, Skip if Clear 1 (2) 01 10bb bfff ffff 3
BTFSS f, b Bit Test f, Skip if Set 1 (2) 01 11bb bfff ffff 3
LITERAL AND CONTROL OPERATIONS
ADDLW k Add Literal and W 1 11 111x kkkk kkkk C,DC,Z
ANDLW k AND Literal with W 1 11 1001 kkkk kkkk Z
CALL k Call Subroutine 2 10 0kkk kkkk kkkk
CLRWDT - Clear Watchdog Timer 1 00 0000 0110 0100 TO,PD
GOTO k Go to Address 2 10 1kkk kkkk kkkk
IORLW k Inclusive OR Literal with W 1 11 1000 kkkk kkkk Z
MOVLW k Move Literal to W 1 11 00xx kkkk kkkk
RETFIE - Return from Interrupt 2 00 0000 0000 1001
RETLW k Return with Literal in W 2 11 01xx kkkk kkkk
RETURN - Return from Subroutine 2 00 0000 0000 1000
SLEEP - Go into Standby mode 1 00 0000 0110 0011 TO,PD
SUBLW k Subtract W from Literal 1 11 110x kkkk kkkk C,DC,Z
XORLW k Exclusive OR Literal with W 1 11 1010 kkkk kkkk Z
Note 1: When an I/O register is modified as a function of itself ( e.g., MOVF PORTB, 1), the value used will be that value present
on the pins themselves. For example, if the data latch is ‘1’ for a pin configured as input and is driven low by an external
device, the data will be written back with a ‘0’.
2: If this instruction is executed on the TMR0 register (and where applicable, d = 1), the prescaler will be cleared if
assigned to the Timer0 module.
3: If Program Counter (PC) is modified, or a conditional test is true, the instruction requires two cycles. The second cycle is
executed as a NOP.

Note: Additional information on the mid-range instruction set is available in the PICmicro® Mid-Range MCU
Family Reference Manual (DS33023).

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 PIC16F87XA
15.2 Instruction Descriptions
ADDLW Add Literal and W BCF Bit Clear f
Syntax: [ label ] ADDLW k Syntax: [ label ] BCF f,b
Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 255 Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127
Operation: (W) + k → (W) 0≤b≤7

Status Affected: C, DC, Z Operation: 0 → (f<b>)

Description: The contents of the W register Status Affected: None

are added to the eight-bit literal ‘k’ Description: Bit ‘b’ in register ‘f’ is cleared.
and the result is placed in the W
register.

ADDWF Add W and f BSF Bit Set f

Syntax: [ label ] ADDWF f,d Syntax: [ label ] BSF f,b
Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127 Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127
d ∈ [0,1] 0≤b≤7
Operation: (W) + (f) → (destination) Operation: 1 → (f<b>)
Status Affected: C, DC, Z Status Affected: None
Description: Add the contents of the W register Description: Bit ‘b’ in register ‘f’ is set.
with register ‘f’. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the
result is stored in the W register. If
‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is stored back
in register ‘f’.

ANDLW AND Literal with W BTFSS Bit Test f, Skip if Set

Syntax: [ label ] ANDLW k Syntax: [ label ] BTFSS f,b

Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 255 Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127
0≤b<7
Operation: (W) .AND. (k) → (W)
Operation: skip if (f<b>) = 1
Status Affected: Z
Status Affected: None
Description: The contents of W register are
AND’ed with the eight-bit literal Description: If bit ‘b’ in register ‘f’ is ‘0’, the next
‘k’. The result is placed in the W instruction is executed.
register. If bit ‘b’ is ‘1’, then the next instruc-
tion is discarded and a NOP is
executed instead, making this a
2 TCY instruction.

ANDWF AND W with f BTFSC Bit Test, Skip if Clear

Syntax: [ label ] ANDWF f,d Syntax: [ label ] BTFSC f,b

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127 Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127
d ∈ [0,1] 0≤b≤7
Operation: (W) .AND. (f) → (destination) Operation: skip if (f<b>) = 0
Status Affected: Z Status Affected: None
Description: AND the W register with register Description: If bit ‘b’ in register ‘f’ is ‘1’, the next
‘f’. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is stored in instruction is executed.
the W register. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the If bit ‘b’ in register ‘f’ is ‘0’, the next
result is stored back in register ‘f’. instruction is discarded and a NOP
is executed instead, making this a
2 TCY instruction.

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PIC16F87XA

CALL Call Subroutine CLRWDT Clear Watchdog Timer

Syntax: [ label ] CALL k Syntax: [ label ] CLRWDT
Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 2047 Operands: None
Operation: (PC)+ 1→ TOS, Operation: 00h → WDT
k → PC<10:0>, 0 → WDT prescaler,
(PCLATH<4:3>) → PC<12:11> 1 → TO
Status Affected: None 1 → PD

Description: Call Subroutine. First, return Status Affected: TO, PD

address (PC+1) is pushed onto Description: CLRWDT instruction resets the
the stack. The eleven-bit Watchdog Timer. It also resets the
immediate address is loaded into prescaler of the WDT. Status bits,
PC bits <10:0>. The upper bits of TO and PD, are set.
the PC are loaded from PCLATH.
CALL is a two-cycle instruction.

CLRF Clear f COMF Complement f

Syntax: [ label ] CLRF f Syntax: [ label ] COMF f,d
Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127 Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127
Operation: 00h → (f) d ∈ [0,1]
1→Z Operation: (f) → (destination)
Status Affected: Z Status Affected: Z
Description: The contents of register ‘f’ are Description: The contents of register ‘f’ are
cleared and the Z bit is set. complemented. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the
result is stored in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’,
the result is stored back in
register ‘f’.

CLRW Clear W DECF Decrement f

Syntax: [ label ] CLRW Syntax: [ label ] DECF f,d

Operands: None Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127
d ∈ [0,1]
Operation: 00h → (W)
1→Z Operation: (f) - 1 → (destination)
Status Affected: Z Status Affected: Z
Description: W register is cleared. Zero bit (Z) Description: Decrement register ‘f’. If ‘d’ is ‘0’,
is set. the result is stored in the W
register. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is
stored back in register ‘f’.

DS39582B-page 162  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA

DECFSZ Decrement f, Skip if 0 INCFSZ Increment f, Skip if 0

Syntax: [ label ] DECFSZ f,d Syntax: [ label ] INCFSZ f,d
Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127 Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127
d ∈ [0,1] d ∈ [0,1]
Operation: (f) - 1 → (destination); Operation: (f) + 1 → (destination),
skip if result = 0 skip if result = 0
Status Affected: None Status Affected: None
Description: The contents of register ‘f’ are Description: The contents of register ‘f’ are
decremented. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result incremented. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result
is placed in the W register. If ‘d’ is is placed in the W register. If ‘d’ is
‘1’, the result is placed back in ‘1’, the result is placed back in
register ‘f’. register ‘f’.
If the result is ‘1’, the next instruc- If the result is ‘1’, the next instruc-
tion is executed. If the result is ‘0’, tion is executed. If the result is ‘0’,
then a NOP is executed instead, a NOP is executed instead, making
making it a 2 TCY instruction. it a 2 TCY instruction.

GOTO Unconditional Branch IORLW Inclusive OR Literal with W

Syntax: [ label ] GOTO k Syntax: [ label ] IORLW k
Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 2047 Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 255
Operation: k → PC<10:0> Operation: (W) .OR. k → (W)
PCLATH<4:3> → PC<12:11> Status Affected: Z
Status Affected: None Description: The contents of the W register are
Description: GOTO is an unconditional branch. OR’ed with the eight-bit literal ‘k’.
The eleven-bit immediate value is The result is placed in the W
loaded into PC bits <10:0>. The register.
upper bits of PC are loaded from
PCLATH<4:3>. GOTO is a
two-cycle instruction.

INCF Increment f IORWF Inclusive OR W with f

Syntax: [ label ] INCF f,d Syntax: [ label ] IORWF f,d

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127 Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127
d ∈ [0,1] d ∈ [0,1]
Operation: (f) + 1 → (destination) Operation: (W) .OR. (f) → (destination)
Status Affected: Z Status Affected: Z
Description: The contents of register ‘f’ are Description: Inclusive OR the W register with
incremented. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result register ‘f’. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is
is placed in the W register. If ‘d’ is placed in the W register. If ‘d’ is
‘1’, the result is placed back in ‘1’, the result is placed back in
register ‘f’. register ‘f’.

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PIC16F87XA

RLF Rotate Left f through Carry SLEEP

Syntax: [ label ] RLF f,d Syntax: [ label ] SLEEP
Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127 Operands: None
d ∈ [0,1] Operation: 00h → WDT,
Operation: See description below 0 → WDT prescaler,
Status Affected: C 1 → TO,
0 → PD
Description: The contents of register ‘f’ are
rotated one bit to the left through the Status Affected: TO, PD
Carry flag. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is Description: The power-down status bit, PD,
placed in the W register. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, is cleared. Time-out status bit,
the result is stored back in register ‘f’. TO, is set. Watchdog Timer and
C Register f its prescaler are cleared.
The processor is put into Sleep
mode with the oscillator stopped.

RETURN Return from Subroutine SUBLW Subtract W from Literal

Syntax: [ label ] RETURN Syntax: [ label ] SUBLW k
Operands: None Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 255
Operation: TOS → PC Operation: k - (W) → (W)
Status Affected: None Status Affected: C, DC, Z
Description: Return from subroutine. The stack Description: The W register is subtracted (2’s
is POPed and the top of the stack complement method) from the
(TOS) is loaded into the program eight-bit literal ‘k’. The result is
counter. This is a two-cycle placed in the W register.
instruction.

RRF Rotate Right f through Carry SUBWF Subtract W from f

Syntax: [ label ] RRF f,d Syntax: [ label ] SUBWF f,d
Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127 Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127
d ∈ [0,1] d ∈ [0,1]
Operation: See description below Operation: (f) - (W) → (destination)
Status Affected: C Status C, DC, Z
Description: The contents of register ‘f’ are Affected:
rotated one bit to the right through Description: Subtract (2’s complement method)
the Carry flag. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the W register from register ‘f’. If ‘d’ is
result is placed in the W register. ‘0’, the result is stored in the W
If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is placed register. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is
back in register ‘f’. stored back in register ‘f’.
C Register f

DS39582B-page 164  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA

SWAPF Swap Nibbles in f XORWF Exclusive OR W with f

Syntax: [ label ] SWAPF f,d Syntax: [ label ] XORWF f,d
Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127 Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127
d ∈ [0,1] d ∈ [0,1]
Operation: (f<3:0>) → (destination<7:4>), Operation: (W) .XOR. (f) → (destination)
(f<7:4>) → (destination<3:0>) Status Affected: Z
Status Affected: None Description: Exclusive OR the contents of the
Description: The upper and lower nibbles of W register with register ‘f’. If ‘d’ is
register ‘f’ are exchanged. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is stored in the W
‘0’, the result is placed in the W register. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is
register. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is stored back in register ‘f’.
placed in register ‘f’.

XORLW Exclusive OR Literal with W

Syntax: [ label ] XORLW k
Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 255
Operation: (W) .XOR. k → (W)
Status Affected: Z
Description: The contents of the W register
are XOR’ed with the eight-bit
literal ‘k’. The result is placed in
the W register.

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NOTES:

DS39582B-page 166  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
16.0 DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT 16.1 MPLAB Integrated Development
Environment Software
The PICmicro® microcontrollers are supported with a
full range of hardware and software development tools: The MPLAB IDE software brings an ease of software
• Integrated Development Environment development previously unseen in the 8/16-bit micro-
controller market. The MPLAB IDE is a Windows®
- MPLAB® IDE Software
based application that contains:
• Assemblers/Compilers/Linkers
• An interface to debugging tools
- MPASMTM Assembler
- simulator
- MPLAB C17 and MPLAB C18 C Compilers
- programmer (sold separately)
- MPLINKTM Object Linker/
MPLIBTM Object Librarian - emulator (sold separately)
- MPLAB C30 C Compiler - in-circuit debugger (sold separately)
- MPLAB ASM30 Assembler/Linker/Library • A full-featured editor with color coded context
• Simulators • A multiple project manager
- MPLAB SIM Software Simulator • Customizable data windows with direct edit of
contents
- MPLAB dsPIC30 Software Simulator
• High level source code debugging
• Emulators
• Mouse over variable inspection
- MPLAB ICE 2000 In-Circuit Emulator
• Extensive on-line help
- MPLAB ICE 4000 In-Circuit Emulator
• In-Circuit Debugger The MPLAB IDE allows you to:
- MPLAB ICD 2 • Edit your source files (either assembly or C)
• Device Programmers • One touch assemble (or compile) and download
- PRO MATE® II Universal Device Programmer to PICmicro emulator and simulator tools
(automatically updates all project information)
- PICSTART® Plus Development Programmer
• Debug using:
• Low Cost Demonstration Boards
- source files (assembly or C)
- PICDEMTM 1 Demonstration Board
- absolute listing file (mixed assembly and C)
- PICDEM.netTM Demonstration Board
- machine code
- PICDEM 2 Plus Demonstration Board
- PICDEM 3 Demonstration Board MPLAB IDE supports multiple debugging tools in a
single development paradigm, from the cost effective
- PICDEM 4 Demonstration Board
simulators, through low cost in-circuit debuggers, to
- PICDEM 17 Demonstration Board full-featured emulators. This eliminates the learning
- PICDEM 18R Demonstration Board curve when upgrading to tools with increasing flexibility
- PICDEM LIN Demonstration Board and power.
- PICDEM USB Demonstration Board
• Evaluation Kits
16.2 MPASM Assembler
- KEELOQ® The MPASM assembler is a full-featured, universal
- PICDEM MSC macro assembler for all PICmicro MCUs.
- microID® The MPASM assembler generates relocatable object
- CAN files for the MPLINK object linker, Intel® standard HEX
- PowerSmart® files, MAP files to detail memory usage and symbol ref-
erence, absolute LST files that contain source lines and
- Analog
generated machine code and COFF files for
debugging.
The MPASM assembler features include:
• Integration into MPLAB IDE projects
• User defined macros to streamline assembly code
• Conditional assembly for multi-purpose source
files
• Directives that allow complete control over the
assembly process

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PIC16F87XA
16.3 MPLAB C17 and MPLAB C18 16.6 MPLAB ASM30 Assembler, Linker,
C Compilers and Librarian
The MPLAB C17 and MPLAB C18 Code Development MPLAB ASM30 assembler produces relocatable
Systems are complete ANSI C compilers for machine code from symbolic assembly language for
Microchip’s PIC17CXXX and PIC18CXXX family of dsPIC30F devices. MPLAB C30 compiler uses the
microcontrollers. These compilers provide powerful assembler to produce it’s object file. The assembler
integration capabilities, superior code optimization and generates relocatable object files that can then be
ease of use not found with other compilers. archived or linked with other relocatable object files and
For easy source level debugging, the compilers provide archives to create an executable file. Notable features
symbol information that is optimized to the MPLAB IDE of the assembler include:
debugger. • Support for the entire dsPIC30F instruction set
• Support for fixed-point and floating-point data
16.4 MPLINK Object Linker/ • Command line interface
MPLIB Object Librarian • Rich directive set
The MPLINK object linker combines relocatable • Flexible macro language
objects created by the MPASM assembler and the • MPLAB IDE compatibility
MPLAB C17 and MPLAB C18 C compilers. It can link
relocatable objects from precompiled libraries, using 16.7 MPLAB SIM Software Simulator
directives from a linker script.
The MPLAB SIM software simulator allows code devel-
The MPLIB object librarian manages the creation and opment in a PC hosted environment by simulating the
modification of library files of pre-compiled code. When PICmicro series microcontrollers on an instruction
a routine from a library is called from a source file, only level. On any given instruction, the data areas can be
the modules that contain that routine will be linked in examined or modified and stimuli can be applied from
with the application. This allows large libraries to be a file, or user defined key press, to any pin. The execu-
used efficiently in many different applications. tion can be performed in Single-Step, Execute Until
The object linker/library features include: Break, or Trace mode.
• Efficient linking of single libraries instead of many The MPLAB SIM simulator fully supports symbolic
smaller files debugging using the MPLAB C17 and MPLAB C18
• Enhanced code maintainability by grouping C Compilers, as well as the MPASM assembler. The
related modules together software simulator offers the flexibility to develop and
• Flexible creation of libraries with easy module debug code outside of the laboratory environment,
listing, replacement, deletion and extraction making it an excellent, economical software
development tool.
16.5 MPLAB C30 C Compiler
16.8 MPLAB SIM30 Software Simulator
The MPLAB C30 C compiler is a full-featured, ANSI
compliant, optimizing compiler that translates standard The MPLAB SIM30 software simulator allows code
ANSI C programs into dsPIC30F assembly language development in a PC hosted environment by simulating
source. The compiler also supports many command- the dsPIC30F series microcontrollers on an instruction
line options and language extensions to take full level. On any given instruction, the data areas can be
advantage of the dsPIC30F device hardware capabili- examined or modified and stimuli can be applied from
ties, and afford fine control of the compiler code a file, or user defined key press, to any of the pins.
generator. The MPLAB SIM30 simulator fully supports symbolic
MPLAB C30 is distributed with a complete ANSI C debugging using the MPLAB C30 C Compiler and
standard library. All library functions have been vali- MPLAB ASM30 assembler. The simulator runs in either
dated and conform to the ANSI C library standard. The a Command Line mode for automated tasks, or from
library includes functions for string manipulation, MPLAB IDE. This high speed simulator is designed to
dynamic memory allocation, data conversion, time- debug, analyze and optimize time intensive DSP
keeping, and math functions (trigonometric, exponen- routines.
tial and hyperbolic). The compiler provides symbolic
information for high level source debugging with the
MPLAB IDE.

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 PIC16F87XA
16.9 MPLAB ICE 2000 16.11 MPLAB ICD 2 In-Circuit Debugger
High Performance Universal Microchip’s In-Circuit Debugger, MPLAB ICD 2, is a
In-Circuit Emulator powerful, low-cost, run-time development tool,
The MPLAB ICE 2000 universal in-circuit emulator is connecting to the host PC via an RS-232 or high-speed
intended to provide the product development engineer USB interface. This tool is based on the Flash
with a complete microcontroller design tool set for PICmicro MCUs and can be used to develop for these
PICmicro microcontrollers. Software control of the and other PICmicro microcontrollers. The MPLAB
MPLAB ICE 2000 in-circuit emulator is advanced by ICD 2 utilizes the in-circuit debugging capability built
the MPLAB Integrated Development Environment, into the Flash devices. This feature, along with
which allows editing, building, downloading and source Microchip’s In-Circuit Serial ProgrammingTM (ICSPTM)
debugging from a single environment. protocol, offers cost effective in-circuit Flash debugging
from the graphical user interface of the MPLAB Inte-
The MPLAB ICE 2000 is a full-featured emulator sys- grated Development Environment. This enables a
tem with enhanced trace, trigger and data monitoring designer to develop and debug source code by setting
features. Interchangeable processor modules allow the breakpoints, single-stepping and watching variables,
system to be easily reconfigured for emulation of differ- CPU status and peripheral registers. Running at full
ent processors. The universal architecture of the speed enables testing hardware and applications in
MPLAB ICE in-circuit emulator allows expansion to real-time. MPLAB ICD 2 also serves as a development
support new PICmicro microcontrollers. programmer for selected PICmicro devices.
The MPLAB ICE 2000 in-circuit emulator system has
been designed as a real-time emulation system with 16.12 PRO MATE II Universal Device
advanced features that are typically found on more Programmer
expensive development tools. The PC platform and
Microsoft® Windows 32-bit operating system were The PRO MATE II is a universal, CE compliant device
chosen to best make these features available in a programmer with programmable voltage verification at
simple, unified application. VDDMIN and VDDMAX for maximum reliability. It features
an LCD display for instructions and error messages
16.10 MPLAB ICE 4000 and a modular detachable socket assembly to support
various package types. In Stand-Alone mode, the
High Performance Universal
PRO MATE II device programmer can read, verify, and
In-Circuit Emulator program PICmicro devices without a PC connection. It
The MPLAB ICE 4000 universal in-circuit emulator is can also set code protection in this mode.
intended to provide the product development engineer
with a complete microcontroller design tool set for high- 16.13 PICSTART Plus Development
end PICmicro microcontrollers. Software control of the Programmer
MPLAB ICE in-circuit emulator is provided by the
The PICSTART Plus development programmer is an
MPLAB Integrated Development Environment, which
easy-to-use, low-cost, prototype programmer. It con-
allows editing, building, downloading and source
nects to the PC via a COM (RS-232) port. MPLAB
debugging from a single environment.
Integrated Development Environment software makes
The MPLAB ICD 4000 is a premium emulator system, using the programmer simple and efficient. The
providing the features of MPLAB ICE 2000, but with PICSTART Plus development programmer supports
increased emulation memory and high speed perfor- most PICmicro devices up to 40 pins. Larger pin count
mance for dsPIC30F and PIC18XXXX devices. Its devices, such as the PIC16C92X and PIC17C76X,
advanced emulator features include complex triggering may be supported with an adapter socket. The
and timing, up to 2 Mb of emulation memory, and the PICSTART Plus development programmer is CE
ability to view variables in real-time. compliant.
The MPLAB ICE 4000 in-circuit emulator system has
been designed as a real-time emulation system with
advanced features that are typically found on more
expensive development tools. The PC platform and
Microsoft Windows 32-bit operating system were cho-
sen to best make these features available in a simple,
unified application.

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PIC16F87XA
16.14 PICDEM 1 PICmicro 16.17 PICDEM 3 PIC16C92X
Demonstration Board Demonstration Board
The PICDEM 1 demonstration board demonstrates the The PICDEM 3 demonstration board supports the
capabilities of the PIC16C5X (PIC16C54 to PIC16C923 and PIC16C924 in the PLCC package. All
PIC16C58A), PIC16C61, PIC16C62X, PIC16C71, the necessary hardware and software is included to run
PIC16C8X, PIC17C42, PIC17C43 and PIC17C44. All the demonstration programs.
necessary hardware and software is included to run
basic demo programs. The sample microcontrollers 16.18 PICDEM 4 8/14/18-Pin
provided with the PICDEM 1 demonstration board can Demonstration Board
be programmed with a PRO MATE II device program-
mer, or a PICSTART Plus development programmer. The PICDEM 4 can be used to demonstrate the capa-
The PICDEM 1 demonstration board can be connected bilities of the 8, 14, and 18-pin PIC16XXXX and
to the MPLAB ICE in-circuit emulator for testing. A pro- PIC18XXXX MCUs, including the PIC16F818/819,
totype area extends the circuitry for additional applica- PIC16F87/88, PIC16F62XA and the PIC18F1320 fam-
tion components. Features include an RS-232 ily of microcontrollers. PICDEM 4 is intended to show-
interface, a potentiometer for simulated analog input, case the many features of these low pin count parts,
push button switches and eight LEDs. including LIN and Motor Control using ECCP. Special
provisions are made for low power operation with the
16.15 PICDEM.net Internet/Ethernet supercapacitor circuit, and jumpers allow on-board
Demonstration Board hardware to be disabled to eliminate current draw in
this mode. Included on the demo board are provisions
The PICDEM.net demonstration board is an Internet/ for Crystal, RC or Canned Oscillator modes, a five volt
Ethernet demonstration board using the PIC18F452 regulator for use with a nine volt wall adapter or battery,
microcontroller and TCP/IP firmware. The board DB-9 RS-232 interface, ICD connector for program-
supports any 40-pin DIP device that conforms to the ming via ICSP and development with MPLAB ICD 2,
standard pinout used by the PIC16F877 or 2x16 liquid crystal display, PCB footprints for H-Bridge
PIC18C452. This kit features a user friendly TCP/IP motor driver, LIN transceiver and EEPROM. Also
stack, web server with HTML, a 24L256 Serial included are: header for expansion, eight LEDs, four
EEPROM for Xmodem download to web pages into potentiometers, three push buttons and a prototyping
Serial EEPROM, ICSP/MPLAB ICD 2 interface con- area. Included with the kit is a PIC16F627A and a
nector, an Ethernet interface, RS-232 interface, and a PIC18F1320. Tutorial firmware is included along with
16 x 2 LCD display. Also included is the book and the User’s Guide.
CD-ROM “TCP/IP Lean, Web Servers for Embedded
Systems,” by Jeremy Bentham. 16.19 PICDEM 17 Demonstration Board

16.16 PICDEM 2 Plus The PICDEM 17 demonstration board is an evaluation

board that demonstrates the capabilities of several
Demonstration Board Microchip microcontrollers, including PIC17C752,
The PICDEM 2 Plus demonstration board supports PIC17C756A, PIC17C762 and PIC17C766. A pro-
many 18-, 28-, and 40-pin microcontrollers, including grammed sample is included. The PRO MATE II device
PIC16F87X and PIC18FXX2 devices. All the neces- programmer, or the PICSTART Plus development pro-
sary hardware and software is included to run the dem- grammer, can be used to reprogram the device for user
onstration programs. The sample microcontrollers tailored application development. The PICDEM 17
provided with the PICDEM 2 demonstration board can demonstration board supports program download and
be programmed with a PRO MATE II device program- execution from external on-board Flash memory. A
mer, PICSTART Plus development programmer, or generous prototype area is available for user hardware
MPLAB ICD 2 with a Universal Programmer Adapter. expansion.
The MPLAB ICD 2 and MPLAB ICE in-circuit emulators
may also be used with the PICDEM 2 demonstration
board to test firmware. A prototype area extends the
circuitry for additional application components. Some
of the features include an RS-232 interface, a 2 x 16
LCD display, a piezo speaker, an on-board temperature
sensor, four LEDs, and sample PIC18F452 and
PIC16F877 Flash microcontrollers.

DS39582B-page 170  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
16.20 PICDEM 18R PIC18C601/801 16.23 PICDEM USB PIC16C7X5
Demonstration Board Demonstration Board
The PICDEM 18R demonstration board serves to assist The PICDEM USB Demonstration Board shows off the
development of the PIC18C601/801 family of Microchip capabilities of the PIC16C745 and PIC16C765 USB
microcontrollers. It provides hardware implementation microcontrollers. This board provides the basis for
of both 8-bit Multiplexed/Demultiplexed and 16-bit future USB products.
Memory modes. The board includes 2 Mb external
Flash memory and 128 Kb SRAM memory, as well as 16.24 Evaluation and
serial EEPROM, allowing access to the wide range of Programming Tools
memory types supported by the PIC18C601/801.
In addition to the PICDEM series of circuits, Microchip
16.21 PICDEM LIN PIC16C43X has a line of evaluation kits and demonstration software
Demonstration Board for these products.
• KEELOQ evaluation and programming tools for
The powerful LIN hardware and software kit includes a Microchip’s HCS Secure Data Products
series of boards and three PICmicro microcontrollers.
• CAN developers kit for automotive network
The small footprint PIC16C432 and PIC16C433 are
applications
used as slaves in the LIN communication and feature
on-board LIN transceivers. A PIC16F874 Flash micro- • Analog design boards and filter design software
controller serves as the master. All three microcontrol- • PowerSmart battery charging evaluation/
lers are programmed with firmware to provide LIN bus calibration kits
communication. • IrDA® development kit
• microID development and rfLabTM development
16.22 PICkitTM 1 Flash Starter Kit software
A complete “development system in a box”, the PICkit • SEEVAL® designer kit for memory evaluation and
Flash Starter Kit includes a convenient multi-section endurance calculations
board for programming, evaluation and development of • PICDEM MSC demo boards for Switching mode
8/14-pin Flash PIC® microcontrollers. Powered via power supply, high power IR driver, delta sigma
USB, the board operates under a simple Windows GUI. ADC, and flow rate sensor
The PICkit 1 Starter Kit includes the user's guide (on
Check the Microchip web page and the latest Product
CD ROM), PICkit 1 tutorial software and code for vari-
Line Card for the complete list of demonstration and
ous applications. Also included are MPLAB® IDE (Inte-
evaluation kits.
grated Development Environment) software, software
and hardware “Tips 'n Tricks for 8-pin Flash PIC®
Microcontrollers” Handbook and a USB Interface
Cable. Supports all current 8/14-pin Flash PIC
microcontrollers, as well as many future planned
devices.

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PIC16F87XA
NOTES:

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 PIC16F87XA
17.0 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Absolute Maximum Ratings †

Ambient temperature under bias................................................................................................................ .-55 to +125°C
Storage temperature .............................................................................................................................. -65°C to +150°C
Voltage on any pin with respect to VSS (except VDD, MCLR. and RA4) ......................................... -0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V)
Voltage on VDD with respect to VSS ............................................................................................................ -0.3 to +7.5V
Voltage on MCLR with respect to VSS (Note 2) .................................................................................................0 to +14V
Voltage on RA4 with respect to Vss ..................................................................................................................0 to +8.5V
Total power dissipation (Note 1) ...............................................................................................................................1.0W
Maximum current out of VSS pin ...........................................................................................................................300 mA
Maximum current into VDD pin ..............................................................................................................................250 mA
Input clamp current, IIK (VI < 0 or VI > VDD)..................................................................................................................... ± 20 mA
Output clamp current, IOK (VO < 0 or VO > VDD) ............................................................................................................. ± 20 mA
Maximum output current sunk by any I/O pin..........................................................................................................25 mA
Maximum output current sourced by any I/O pin ....................................................................................................25 mA
Maximum current sunk by PORTA, PORTB and PORTE (combined) (Note 3) ....................................................200 mA
Maximum current sourced by PORTA, PORTB and PORTE (combined) (Note 3)...............................................200 mA
Maximum current sunk by PORTC and PORTD (combined) (Note 3) .................................................................200 mA
Maximum current sourced by PORTC and PORTD (combined) (Note 3) ............................................................200 mA
Note 1: Power dissipation is calculated as follows: Pdis = VDD x {IDD - ∑ IOH} + ∑ {(VDD - VOH) x IOH} + ∑(VOl x IOL)
2: Voltage spikes below VSS at the MCLR pin, inducing currents greater than 80 mA, may cause latch-up.
Thus, a series resistor of 50-100Ω should be used when applying a “low” level to the MCLR pin rather than
pulling this pin directly to VSS.
3: PORTD and PORTE are not implemented on PIC16F873A/876A devices.
† NOTICE: Stresses above those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the
device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at those or any other conditions above those
indicated in the operation listings of this specification is not implied. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for
extended periods may affect device reliability.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 173

PIC16F87XA
FIGURE 17-1: PIC16F87XA VOLTAGE-FREQUENCY GRAPH (INDUSTRIAL, EXTENDED)

6.0V
5.5V
5.0V
PIC16F87XA
4.5V
Voltage

4.0V
3.5V
3.0V
2.5V
2.0V

20 MHz
Frequency

FIGURE 17-2: PIC16LF87XA VOLTAGE-FREQUENCY GRAPH (INDUSTRIAL)

6.0V
5.5V
5.0V
4.5V
Voltage

4.0V PIC16LF87XA

3.5V
3.0V
2.5V
2.0V

4 MHz 10 MHz

Frequency
FMAX = (6.0 MHz/V) (VDDAPPMIN – 2.0V) + 4 MHz
Note 1: VDDAPPMIN is the minimum voltage of the PICmicro® device in the application.
Note 2: FMAX has a maximum frequency of 10 MHz.

DS39582B-page 174  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
17.1 DC Characteristics: PIC16F873A/874A/876A/877A (Industrial, Extended)
PIC16LF873A/874A/876A/877A (Industrial)
PIC16LF873A/874A/876A/877A Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
(Industrial) Operating temperature -40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C for industrial
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
PIC16F873A/874A/876A/877A
Operating temperature -40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C for industrial
(Industrial, Extended)
-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C for extended
Param Characteristic/
Symbol Min Typ† Max Units Conditions
No. Device
VDD Supply Voltage
D001 16LF87XA 2.0 — 5.5 V All configurations
(DC to 10 MHz)
D001 16F87XA 4.0 — 5.5 V All configurations
D001A VBOR 5.5 V BOR enabled, FMAX = 14 MHz(7)
D002 VDR RAM Data Retention — 1.5 — V
Voltage(1)
D003 VPOR VDD Start Voltage to — VSS — V See Section 14.5 “Power-on
ensure internal Power-on Reset (POR)” for details
Reset signal
D004 SVDD VDD Rise Rate to ensure 0.05 — — V/ms See Section 14.5 “Power-on
internal Power-on Reset Reset (POR)” for details
signal
D005 VBOR Brown-out Reset 3.65 4.0 4.35 V BODEN bit in configuration word
Voltage enabled
Legend: Rows with standard voltage device data only are shaded for improved readability.
† Data in “Typ” column is at 5V, 25°C, unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance
only and are not tested.
Note 1: This is the limit to which VDD can be lowered without losing RAM data.
2: The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors, such as I/O
pin loading, switching rate, oscillator type, internal code execution pattern and temperature, also have an
impact on the current consumption.
The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are:
OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD;
MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified.
3: The power-down current in Sleep mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is
measured with the part in Sleep mode, with all I/O pins in high-impedance state and tied to VDD and VSS.
4: For RC osc configuration, current through REXT is not included. The current through the resistor can be
estimated by the formula Ir = VDD/2REXT (mA) with REXT in kΩ.
5: Timer1 oscillator (when enabled) adds approximately 20 µA to the specification. This value is from
characterization and is for design guidance only. This is not tested.
6: The ∆ current is the additional current consumed when this peripheral is enabled. This current should be
added to the base IDD or IPD measurement.
7: When BOR is enabled, the device will operate correctly until the VBOR voltage trip point is reached.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 175

PIC16F87XA
17.1 DC Characteristics: PIC16F873A/874A/876A/877A (Industrial, Extended)
PIC16LF873A/874A/876A/877A (Industrial) (Continued)
PIC16LF873A/874A/876A/877A Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
(Industrial) Operating temperature -40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C for industrial
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
PIC16F873A/874A/876A/877A
Operating temperature -40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C for industrial
(Industrial, Extended)
-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C for extended
Param Characteristic/
Symbol Min Typ† Max Units Conditions
No. Device

IDD Supply Current(2,5)

D010 16LF87XA — 0.6 2.0 mA XT, RC osc configurations,
FOSC = 4 MHz, VDD = 3.0V
D010 16F87XA — 1.6 4 mA XT, RC osc configurations,
FOSC = 4 MHz, VDD = 5.5V
D010A 16LF87XA — 20 35 µA LP osc configuration,
FOSC = 32 kHz, VDD = 3.0V,
WDT disabled
D013 16F87XA — 7 15 mA HS osc configuration,
FOSC = 20 MHz, VDD = 5.5V
D015 ∆IBOR Brown-out — 85 200 µA BOR enabled, VDD = 5.0V
Reset Current(6)
Legend: Rows with standard voltage device data only are shaded for improved readability.
† Data in “Typ” column is at 5V, 25°C, unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance
only and are not tested.
Note 1: This is the limit to which VDD can be lowered without losing RAM data.
2: The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors, such as I/O
pin loading, switching rate, oscillator type, internal code execution pattern and temperature, also have an
impact on the current consumption.
The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are:
OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD;
MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified.
3: The power-down current in Sleep mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is
measured with the part in Sleep mode, with all I/O pins in high-impedance state and tied to VDD and VSS.
4: For RC osc configuration, current through REXT is not included. The current through the resistor can be
estimated by the formula Ir = VDD/2REXT (mA) with REXT in kΩ.
5: Timer1 oscillator (when enabled) adds approximately 20 µA to the specification. This value is from
characterization and is for design guidance only. This is not tested.
6: The ∆ current is the additional current consumed when this peripheral is enabled. This current should be
added to the base IDD or IPD measurement.
7: When BOR is enabled, the device will operate correctly until the VBOR voltage trip point is reached.

DS39582B-page 176  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
17.1 DC Characteristics: PIC16F873A/874A/876A/877A (Industrial, Extended)
PIC16LF873A/874A/876A/877A (Industrial) (Continued)
PIC16LF873A/874A/876A/877A Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
(Industrial) Operating temperature -40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C for industrial
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
PIC16F873A/874A/876A/877A
Operating temperature -40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C for industrial
(Industrial, Extended)
-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C for extended
Param Characteristic/
Symbol Min Typ† Max Units Conditions
No. Device

IPD Power-down Current(3,5)

D020 16LF87XA — 7.5 30 µA VDD = 3.0V, WDT enabled,
-40°C to +85°C
D020 16F87XA — 10.5 42 µA VDD = 4.0V, WDT enabled,
-40°C to +85°C
60 µA VDD = 4.0V, WDT enabled,
-40°C to +125°C (extended)
D021 16LF87XA — 0.9 5 µA VDD = 3.0V, WDT disabled,
0°C to +70°C
D021 16F87XA — 1.5 16 µA VDD = 4.0V, WDT disabled,
-40°C to +85°C
20 µA VDD = 4.0V, WDT disabled,
-40°C to +125°C (extended)
D021A 16LF87XA 0.9 5 µA VDD = 3.0V, WDT disabled,
-40°C to +85°C
D021A 16F87XA 1.5 19 µA VDD = 4.0V, WDT disabled,
-40°C to +85°C
D023 ∆IBOR Brown-out — 85 200 µA BOR enabled, VDD = 5.0V
Reset Current(6)
Legend: Rows with standard voltage device data only are shaded for improved readability.
† Data in “Typ” column is at 5V, 25°C, unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance
only and are not tested.
Note 1: This is the limit to which VDD can be lowered without losing RAM data.
2: The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors, such as I/O
pin loading, switching rate, oscillator type, internal code execution pattern and temperature, also have an
impact on the current consumption.
The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are:
OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD;
MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified.
3: The power-down current in Sleep mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is
measured with the part in Sleep mode, with all I/O pins in high-impedance state and tied to VDD and VSS.
4: For RC osc configuration, current through REXT is not included. The current through the resistor can be
estimated by the formula Ir = VDD/2REXT (mA) with REXT in kΩ.
5: Timer1 oscillator (when enabled) adds approximately 20 µA to the specification. This value is from
characterization and is for design guidance only. This is not tested.
6: The ∆ current is the additional current consumed when this peripheral is enabled. This current should be
added to the base IDD or IPD measurement.
7: When BOR is enabled, the device will operate correctly until the VBOR voltage trip point is reached.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 177

PIC16F87XA
17.2 DC Characteristics: PIC16F873A/874A/876A/877A (Industrial, Extended)
PIC16LF873A/874A/876A/877A (Industrial)
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
Operating temperature -40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C for industrial
DC CHARACTERISTICS -40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C for extended
Operating voltage VDD range as described in DC specification
(Section 17.1)
Param
Sym Characteristic Min Typ† Max Units Conditions
No.

VIL Input Low Voltage

I/O ports:
D030 with TTL buffer VSS — 0.15 VDD V For entire VDD range
D030A VSS — 0.8V V 4.5V ≤ VDD ≤ 5.5V
D031 with Schmitt Trigger buffer VSS — 0.2 VDD V
D032 MCLR, OSC1 (in RC mode) VSS — 0.2 VDD V
D033 OSC1 (in XT and LP modes) VSS — 0.3V V (Note 1)
OSC1 (in HS mode) VSS — 0.3 VDD V
Ports RC3 and RC4: —
D034 with Schmitt Trigger buffer VSS — 0.3 VDD V For entire VDD range
D034A with SMBus -0.5 — 0.6 V For VDD = 4.5 to 5.5V
VIH Input High Voltage
I/O ports: —
D040 with TTL buffer 2.0 — VDD V 4.5V ≤ VDD ≤ 5.5V
D040A 0.25 VDD — VDD V For entire VDD range
+ 0.8V
D041 with Schmitt Trigger buffer 0.8 VDD — VDD V For entire VDD range
D042 MCLR 0.8 VDD — VDD V
D042A OSC1 (in XT and LP modes) 1.6V — VDD V (Note 1)
OSC1 (in HS mode) 0.7 VDD — VDD V
D043 OSC1 (in RC mode) 0.9 VDD — VDD V
Ports RC3 and RC4:
D044 with Schmitt Trigger buffer 0.7 VDD — VDD V For entire VDD range
D044A with SMBus 1.4 — 5.5 V For VDD = 4.5 to 5.5V
D070 IPURB PORTB Weak Pull-up Current 50 250 400 µA VDD = 5V, VPIN = VSS,
-40°C TO +85°C
IIL Input Leakage Current(2, 3)
D060 I/O ports — — ±1 µA VSS ≤ VPIN ≤ VDD,
pin at high-impedance
D061 MCLR, RA4/T0CKI — — ±5 µA VSS ≤ VPIN ≤ VDD
D063 OSC1 — — ±5 µA VSS ≤ VPIN ≤ VDD, XT, HS
and LP osc configuration
* These parameters are characterized but not tested.
† Data in “Typ” column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance
only and are not tested.
Note 1: In RC oscillator configuration, the OSC1/CLKI pin is a Schmitt Trigger input. It is not recommended that the
PIC16F87XA be driven with external clock in RC mode.
2: The leakage current on the MCLR pin is strongly dependent on the applied voltage level. The specified levels
represent normal operating conditions. Higher leakage current may be measured at different input voltages.
3: Negative current is defined as current sourced by the pin.

DS39582B-page 178  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
17.2 DC Characteristics: PIC16F873A/874A/876A/877A (Industrial, Extended)
PIC16LF873A/874A/876A/877A (Industrial) (Continued)
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
Operating temperature -40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C for industrial
DC CHARACTERISTICS -40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C for extended
Operating voltage VDD range as described in DC specification
(Section 17.1)
Param
Sym Characteristic Min Typ† Max Units Conditions
No.
VOL Output Low Voltage
D080 I/O ports — — 0.6 V IOL = 8.5 mA, VDD = 4.5V,
-40°C to +85°C
D083 OSC2/CLKO (RC osc config) — — 0.6 V IOL = 1.6 mA, VDD = 4.5V,
-40°C to +85°C
VOH Output High Voltage
D090 I/O ports(3) VDD – 0.7 — — V IOH = -3.0 mA, VDD = 4.5V,
-40°C to +85°C
D092 OSC2/CLKO (RC osc config) VDD – 0.7 — — V IOH = -1.3 mA, VDD = 4.5V,
-40°C to +85°C
D150* VOD Open-Drain High Voltage — — 8.5 V RA4 pin
Capacitive Loading Specs on
Output Pins
D100 COSC2 OSC2 pin — — 15 pF In XT, HS and LP modes when
external clock is used to drive
OSC1
D101 CIO All I/O pins and OSC2 (RC mode) — — 50 pF
D102 CB SCL, SDA (I2C mode) — — 400 pF
Data EEPROM Memory
D120 ED Endurance 100K 1M — E/W -40°C to +85°C
D121 VDRW VDD for read/write VMIN — 5.5 V Using EECON to read/write,
VMIN = min. operating voltage
D122 TDEW Erase/write cycle time — 4 8 ms
Program Flash Memory
D130 EP Endurance 10K 100K — E/W -40°C to +85°C
D131 VPR VDD for read VMIN — 5.5 V VMIN = min. operating voltage
D132A VDD for erase/write VMIN — 5.5 V Using EECON to read/write,
VMIN = min. operating voltage
D133 TPEW Erase/Write cycle time — 4 8 ms
* These parameters are characterized but not tested.
† Data in “Typ” column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance
only and are not tested.
Note 1: In RC oscillator configuration, the OSC1/CLKI pin is a Schmitt Trigger input. It is not recommended that the
PIC16F87XA be driven with external clock in RC mode.
2: The leakage current on the MCLR pin is strongly dependent on the applied voltage level. The specified levels
represent normal operating conditions. Higher leakage current may be measured at different input voltages.
3: Negative current is defined as current sourced by the pin.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 179

PIC16F87XA
TABLE 17-1: COMPARATOR SPECIFICATIONS
Operating Conditions: 3.0V < VDD < 5.5V, -40°C < TA < +85°C (unless otherwise stated)
4.0V < VDD < 5.5V, -40°C < TA < +125°C (unless otherwise stated)

Param
Sym Characteristics Min Typ Max Units Comments
No.
D300 VIOFF Input Offset Voltage — ± 5.0 ± 10 mV
D301 VICM Input Common Mode Voltage* 0 - VDD – 1.5 V
D302 CMRR Common Mode Rejection Ratio* 55 - — dB
300 TRESP Response Time*(1) — 150 400 ns PIC16F87XA
300A 600 ns PIC16LF87XA
301 TMC2OV Comparator Mode Change to — — 10 µs
Output Valid*
* These parameters are characterized but not tested.
Note 1: Response time measured with one comparator input at (VDD – 1.5)/2 while the other input transitions from
VSS to VDD.

TABLE 17-2: VOLTAGE REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS

Operating Conditions: 3.0V < VDD < 5.5V, -40°C < TA < +85°C (unless otherwise stated)
4.0V < VDD < 5.5V, -40°C < TA < +125°C (unless otherwise stated)

Spec
Sym Characteristics Min Typ Max Units Comments
No.
D310 VRES Resolution VDD/24 — VDD/32 LSb
D311 VRAA Absolute Accuracy — — 1/2 LSb Low Range (VRR = 1)
— — 1/2 LSb High Range (VRR = 0)
D312 VRUR Unit Resistor Value (R)* — 2k — Ω
310 TSET Settling Time*(1) — — 10 µs
* These parameters are characterized but not tested.
Note 1: Settling time measured while VRR = 1 and VR<3:0> transitions from ‘0000’ to ‘1111’.

DS39582B-page 180  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
17.3 Timing Parameter Symbology
The timing parameter symbols have been created
following one of the following formats:

1. TppS2ppS 3. TCC:ST (I2C specifications only)

2. TppS 4. Ts (I2C specifications only)
T
F Frequency T Time
Lowercase letters (pp) and their meanings:
pp
cc CCP1 osc OSC1
ck CLKO rd RD
cs CS rw RD or WR
di SDI sc SCK
do SDO ss SS
dt Data in t0 T0CKI
io I/O port t1 T1CKI
mc MCLR wr WR
Uppercase letters and their meanings:
S
F Fall P Period
H High R Rise
I Invalid (High-impedance) V Valid
L Low Z High-impedance
I2C only
AA output access High High
BUF Bus free Low Low
TCC:ST (I2C specifications only)
CC
HD Hold SU Setup
ST
DAT Data input hold STO Stop condition
STA Start condition

FIGURE 17-3: LOAD CONDITIONS

Load Condition 1 Load Condition 2

VDD/2

RL

CL CL
Pin Pin

VSS VSS
RL = 464Ω
CL = 50 pF for all pins except OSC2, but including PORTD and PORTE outputs as ports,
15 pF for OSC2 output
Note: PORTD and PORTE are not implemented on PIC16F873A/876A devices.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 181

PIC16F87XA
FIGURE 17-4: EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING
Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1

OSC1
1 3 3 4 4
2
CLKO

TABLE 17-3: EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING REQUIREMENTS

Param
Symbol Characteristic Min Typ† Max Units Conditions
No.
FOSC External CLKI Frequency DC — 1 MHz XT and RC Osc mode
(Note 1) DC — 20 MHz HS Osc mode
DC — 32 kHz LP Osc mode
Oscillator Frequency DC — 4 MHz RC Osc mode
(Note 1) 0.1 — 4 MHz XT Osc mode
4 — 20 MHz HS Osc mode
5 — 200 kHz LP Osc mode
1 TOSC External CLKI Period 1000 — — ns XT and RC Osc mode
(Note 1) 50 — — ns HS Osc mode
5 — — µs LP Osc mode
Oscillator Period 250 — — ns RC Osc mode
(Note 1) 250 — 1 µs XT Osc mode
100 — 250 ns HS Osc mode
50 — 250 ns HS Osc mode
31.25 — — µs LP Osc mode
2 TCY Instruction Cycle Time 200 TCY DC ns TCY = 4/FOSC
(Note 1)
3 TOSL, External Clock in (OSC1) High or 100 — — ns XT oscillator
TOSH Low Time 2.5 — — µs LP oscillator
15 — — ns HS oscillator
4 TOSR, External Clock in (OSC1) Rise or — — 25 ns XT oscillator
TOSF Fall Time — — 50 ns LP oscillator
— — 15 ns HS oscillator
† Data in “Typ” column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance
only and are not tested.
Note 1: Instruction cycle period (TCY) equals four times the input oscillator time base period. All specified values are
based on characterization data for that particular oscillator type, under standard operating conditions, with
the device executing code. Exceeding these specified limits may result in an unstable oscillator operation
and/or higher than expected current consumption. All devices are tested to operate at “min.” values with an
external clock applied to the OSC1/CLKI pin. When an external clock input is used, the “max.” cycle time
limit is “DC” (no clock) for all devices.

DS39582B-page 182  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
FIGURE 17-5: CLKO AND I/O TIMING

Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3

OSC1

10 11

CLKO

13 12
19 18
14 16

I/O pin
(Input)

17 15

I/O pin Old Value New Value

(Output)

20, 21
Note: Refer to Figure 17-3 for load conditions.

TABLE 17-4: CLKO AND I/O TIMING REQUIREMENTS

Param
Symbol Characteristic Min Typ† Max Units Conditions
No.

10* TOSH2CKL OSC1 ↑ to CLKO ↓ — 75 200 ns (Note 1)

11* TOSH2CKH OSC1 ↑ to CLKO ↑ — 75 200 ns (Note 1)
12* TCKR CLKO Rise Time — 35 100 ns (Note 1)
13* TCKF CLKO Fall Time — 35 100 ns (Note 1)
14* TCKL2IOV CLKO ↓ to Port Out Valid — — 0.5 TCY + 20 ns (Note 1)
15* TIOV2CKH Port In Valid before CLKO ↑ TOSC + 200 — — ns (Note 1)
16* TCKH2IOI Port In Hold after CLKO ↑ 0 — — ns (Note 1)
17* TOSH2IOV OSC1 ↑ (Q1 cycle) to Port Out Valid — 100 255 ns
18* TOSH2IOI OSC1 ↑ (Q2 cycle) to Port Input Standard (F) 100 — — ns
Invalid (I/O in hold time) Extended (LF) 200 — — ns
19* TIOV2OSH Port Input Valid to OSC1 ↑ (I/O in setup time) 0 — — ns
20* TIOR Port Output Rise Time Standard (F) — 10 40 ns
Extended (LF) — — 145 ns
21* TIOF Port Output Fall Time Standard (F) — 10 40 ns
Extended (LF) — — 145 ns
22††* TINP INT pin High or Low Time TCY — — ns
23††* TRBP RB7:RB4 Change INT High or Low Time TCY — — ns
* These parameters are characterized but not tested.
† Data in “Typ” column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are
not tested.
†† These parameters are asynchronous events not related to any internal clock edges.
Note 1: Measurements are taken in RC mode where CLKO output is 4 x TOSC.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 183

PIC16F87XA
FIGURE 17-6: RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, OSCILLATOR START-UP TIMER AND POWER-UP
TIMER TIMING

VDD

MCLR

30
Internal
POR
33
PWRT
Time-out
32

OSC
Time-out

Internal
Reset
Watchdog
Timer
Reset
31
34
34

I/O pins

Note: Refer to Figure 17-3 for load conditions.

FIGURE 17-7: BROWN-OUT RESET TIMING

VDD VBOR

35

TABLE 17-5: RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, OSCILLATOR START-UP TIMER, POWER-UP TIMER
AND BROWN-OUT RESET REQUIREMENTS
Param
Symbol Characteristic Min Typ† Max Units Conditions
No.

30 TMCL MCLR Pulse Width (low) 2 — — µs VDD = 5V, -40°C to +85°C

31* TWDT Watchdog Timer Time-out Period 7 18 33 ms VDD = 5V, -40°C to +85°C
(no prescaler)
32 TOST Oscillation Start-up Timer Period — 1024 TOSC — — TOSC = OSC1 period
33* TPWRT Power-up Timer Period 28 72 132 ms VDD = 5V, -40°C to +85°C
34 TIOZ I/O High-Impedance from MCLR Low — — 2.1 µs
or Watchdog Timer Reset
35 TBOR Brown-out Reset Pulse Width 100 — — µs VDD ≤ VBOR (D005)
* These parameters are characterized but not tested.
† Data in “Typ” column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are
not tested.

DS39582B-page 184  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
FIGURE 17-8: TIMER0 AND TIMER1 EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMINGS

RA4/T0CKI

40 41

42

RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI

45 46

47 48

TMR0 or TMR1

Note: Refer to Figure 17-3 for load conditions.

TABLE 17-6: TIMER0 AND TIMER1 EXTERNAL CLOCK REQUIREMENTS

Param
Symbol Characteristic Min Typ† Max Units Conditions
No.
40* TT0H T0CKI High Pulse Width No Prescaler 0.5 TCY + 20 — — ns Must also meet
With Prescaler 10 — — ns parameter 42
41* TT0L T0CKI Low Pulse Width No Prescaler 0.5 TCY + 20 — — ns Must also meet
With Prescaler 10 — — ns parameter 42
42* TT0P T0CKI Period No Prescaler TCY + 40 — — ns
With Prescaler Greater of: — — ns N = prescale value
20 or TCY + 40 (2, 4,..., 256)
N
45* TT1H T1CKI High Synchronous, Prescaler = 1 0.5 TCY + 20 — — ns Must also meet
Time Synchronous, Standard(F) 15 — — ns parameter 47
Prescaler = 2, 4, 8 Extended(LF) 25 — — ns
Asynchronous Standard(F) 30 — — ns
Extended(LF) 50 — — ns
46* TT1L T1CKI Low Time Synchronous, Prescaler = 1 0.5 TCY + 20 — — ns Must also meet
Synchronous, Standard(F) 15 — — ns parameter 47
Prescaler = 2, 4, 8 Extended(LF) 25 — — ns
Asynchronous Standard(F) 30 — — ns
Extended(LF) 50 — — ns
47* TT1P T1CKI Input Synchronous Standard(F) Greater of: — — ns N = prescale value
Period 30 or TCY + 40 (1, 2, 4, 8)
N
Extended(LF) Greater of: N = prescale value
50 or TCY + 40 (1, 2, 4, 8)
N
Asynchronous Standard(F) 60 — — ns
Extended(LF) 100 — — ns
FT1 Timer1 Oscillator Input Frequency Range DC — 200 kHz
(oscillator enabled by setting bit T1OSCEN)
48 TCKEZTMR1 Delay from External Clock Edge to Timer Increment 2 TOSC — 7 TOSC —
* These parameters are characterized but not tested.
† Data in “Typ” column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are
not tested.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 185

PIC16F87XA
FIGURE 17-9: CAPTURE/COMPARE/PWM TIMINGS (CCP1 AND CCP2)

RC1/T1OSI/CCP2
and RC2/CCP1
(Capture Mode)

50 51

52

RC1/T1OSI/CCP2
and RC2/CCP1
(Compare or PWM Mode)

53 54

Note: Refer to Figure 17-3 for load conditions.

TABLE 17-7: CAPTURE/COMPARE/PWM REQUIREMENTS (CCP1 AND CCP2)

Param
Symbol Characteristic Min Typ† Max Units Conditions
No.
50* TCCL CCP1 and CCP2 No Prescaler 0.5 TCY + 20 — — ns
Input Low Time Standard(F) 10 — — ns
With Prescaler
Extended(LF) 20 — — ns
51* TCCH CCP1 and CCP2 No Prescaler 0.5 TCY + 20 — — ns
Input High Time Standard(F) 10 — — ns
With Prescaler
Extended(LF) 20 — — ns
52* TCCP CCP1 and CCP2 Input Period 3 TCY + 40 — — ns N = prescale value
N (1, 4 or 16)
53* TCCR CCP1 and CCP2 Output Rise Time Standard(F) — 10 25 ns
Extended(LF) — 25 50 ns
54* TCCF CCP1 and CCP2 Output Fall Time Standard(F) — 10 25 ns
Extended(LF) — 25 45 ns
* These parameters are characterized but not tested.
† Data in “Typ” column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are
not tested.

DS39582B-page 186  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
FIGURE 17-10: PARALLEL SLAVE PORT TIMING (PIC16F874A/877A ONLY)

RE2/CS

RE0/RD

RE1/WR

65

RD7:RD0

62
64

63
Note: Refer to Figure 17-3 for load conditions.

TABLE 17-8: PARALLEL SLAVE PORT REQUIREMENTS (PIC16F874A/877A ONLY)

Param
Symbol Characteristic Min Typ† Max Units Conditions
No.

62 TDTV2WRH Data In Valid before WR ↑ or CS ↑ (setup time) 20 — — ns

63* TWRH2DTI WR ↑ or CS ↑ to Data–in Invalid Standard(F) 20 — — ns
(hold time) Extended(LF) 35 — — ns
64 TRDL2DTV RD ↓ and CS ↓ to Data–out Valid — — 80 ns
65 TRDH2DTI RD ↑ or CS ↓ to Data–out Invalid 10 — 30 ns
* These parameters are characterized but not tested.
† Data in “Typ” column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are
not tested.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 187

PIC16F87XA
FIGURE 17-11: SPI MASTER MODE TIMING (CKE = 0, SMP = 0)

SS

70
SCK
(CKP = 0)

71 72
78 79

SCK
(CKP = 1)

79 78
80

SDO MSb Bit 6 - - - - - -1 LSb

75, 76

SDI MSb In Bit 6 - - - -1 LSb In

74
73

Note: Refer to Figure 17-3 for load conditions.

FIGURE 17-12: SPI MASTER MODE TIMING (CKE = 1, SMP = 1)

SS

81
SCK
(CKP = 0)

71 72
79
73
SCK
(CKP = 1)
80
78

SDO MSb Bit 6 - - - - - -1 LSb

75, 76

SDI MSb In Bit 6 - - - -1 LSb In

74

Note: Refer to Figure 17-3 for load conditions.

DS39582B-page 188  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
FIGURE 17-13: SPI SLAVE MODE TIMING (CKE = 0)

SS

70
SCK
(CKP = 0) 83

71 72
78 79

SCK
(CKP = 1)

79 78
80

SDO MSb Bit 6 - - - - - -1 LSb

75, 76 77

SDI MSb In Bit 6 - - - -1 LSb In

74
73

Note: Refer to Figure 17-3 for load conditions.

FIGURE 17-14: SPI SLAVE MODE TIMING (CKE = 1)

82
SS

70
SCK
83
(CKP = 0)

71 72

SCK
(CKP = 1)
80

SDO MSb Bit 6 - - - - - -1 LSb

75, 76 77

SDI
MSb In Bit 6 - - - -1 LSb In

74

Note: Refer to Figure 17-3 for load conditions.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 189

PIC16F87XA
TABLE 17-9: SPI MODE REQUIREMENTS
Param
Symbol Characteristic Min Typ† Max Units Conditions
No.

70* TSSL2SCH, SS ↓ to SCK ↓ or SCK ↑ Input TCY — — ns

TSSL2SCL
71* TSCH SCK Input High Time (Slave mode) TCY + 20 — — ns
72* TSCL SCK Input Low Time (Slave mode) TCY + 20 — — ns
73* TDIV2SCH, Setup Time of SDI Data Input to SCK Edge 100 — — ns
TDIV2SCL
74* TSCH2DIL, Hold Time of SDI Data Input to SCK Edge 100 — — ns
TSCL2DIL
75* TDOR SDO Data Output Rise Time Standard(F) — 10 25 ns
Extended(LF) — 25 50 ns
76* TDOF SDO Data Output Fall Time — 10 25 ns
77* TSSH2DOZ SS ↑ to SDO Output High-Impedance 10 — 50 ns
78* TSCR SCK Output Rise Time Standard(F) — 10 25 ns
(Master mode) Extended(LF) — 25 50 ns
79* TSCF SCK Output Fall Time (Master mode) — 10 25 ns
80* TSCH2DOV, SDO Data Output Valid after Standard(F) — — 50 ns
TSCL2DOV SCK Edge Extended(LF) — — 145
81* TDOV2SCH, SDO Data Output Setup to SCK Edge TCY — — ns
TDOV2SCL
82* TSSL2DOV SDO Data Output Valid after SS ↓ Edge — — 50 ns
83* TSCH2SSH, SS ↑ after SCK Edge 1.5 TCY + 40 — — ns
TSCL2SSH
* These parameters are characterized but not tested.
† Data in “Typ” column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are
not tested.

FIGURE 17-15: I2C BUS START/STOP BITS TIMING

SCL
91 93
90 92

SDA

Start Stop
Condition Condition

Note: Refer to Figure 17-3 for load conditions.

DS39582B-page 190  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
TABLE 17-10: I2C BUS START/STOP BITS REQUIREMENTS
Param
Symbol Characteristic Min Typ Max Units Conditions
No.

90 TSU:STA Start condition 100 kHz mode 4700 — — ns Only relevant for Repeated Start
Setup time 400 kHz mode 600 — — condition

91 THD:STA Start condition 100 kHz mode 4000 — — ns After this period, the first clock pulse
Hold time 400 kHz mode 600 — — is generated

92 TSU:STO Stop condition 100 kHz mode 4700 — — ns

Setup time 400 kHz mode 600 — —
93 THD:STO Stop condition 100 kHz mode 4000 — — ns
Hold time 400 kHz mode 600 — —

FIGURE 17-16: I2C BUS DATA TIMING

103 100 102
101
SCL
90
106
107
91 92
SDA
In
110
109 109

SDA
Out

Note: Refer to Figure 17-3 for load conditions.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 191

PIC16F87XA
TABLE 17-11: I2C BUS DATA REQUIREMENTS
Param
Sym Characteristic Min Max Units Conditions
No.

100 THIGH Clock High Time 100 kHz mode 4.0 — µs

400 kHz mode 0.6 — µs
SSP Module 0.5 TCY —
101 TLOW Clock Low Time 100 kHz mode 4.7 — µs
400 kHz mode 1.3 — µs
SSP Module 0.5 TCY —
102 TR SDA and SCL Rise 100 kHz mode — 1000 ns
Time 400 kHz mode 20 + 0.1 CB 300 ns Cb is specified to be from 10 to
400 pF
103 TF SDA and SCL Fall 100 kHz mode — 300 ns
Time 400 kHz mode 20 + 0.1 CB 300 ns CB is specified to be from 10 to
400 pF
90 TSU:STA Start Condition Setup 100 kHz mode 4.7 — µs Only relevant for Repeated Start
Time 400 kHz mode 0.6 — µs condition

91 THD:STA Start Condition Hold 100 kHz mode 4.0 — µs After this period, the first clock
Time 400 kHz mode 0.6 — µs pulse is generated

106 THD:DAT Data Input Hold Time 100 kHz mode 0 — ns

400 kHz mode 0 0.9 µs
107 TSU:DAT Data Input Setup Time 100 kHz mode 250 — ns (Note 2)
400 kHz mode 100 — ns
92 TSU:STO Stop Condition Setup 100 kHz mode 4.7 — µs
Time 400 kHz mode 0.6 — µs
109 TAA Output Valid from 100 kHz mode — 3500 ns (Note 1)
Clock 400 kHz mode — — ns
110 TBUF Bus Free Time 100 kHz mode 4.7 — µs Time the bus must be free before
400 kHz mode 1.3 — µs a new transmission can start

CB Bus Capacitive Loading — 400 pF

Note 1: As a transmitter, the device must provide this internal minimum delay time to bridge the undefined region (min. 300 ns)
of the falling edge of SCL to avoid unintended generation of Start or Stop conditions.
2: A fast mode (400 kHz) I2C bus device can be used in a standard mode (100 kHz) I2C bus system, but the requirement
that, TSU:DAT ≥ 250 ns, must then be met. This will automatically be the case if the device does not stretch the LOW
period of the SCL signal. If such a device does stretch the LOW period of the SCL signal, it must output the next data bit
to the SDA line, TR MAX. + TSU:DAT = 1000 + 250 = 1250 ns (according to the standard mode I2C bus specification),
before the SCL line is released.

DS39582B-page 192  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
FIGURE 17-17: USART SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION (MASTER/SLAVE) TIMING

RC6/TX/CK
pin 121
121
RC7/RX/DT
pin

120
122

Note: Refer to Figure 17-3 for load conditions.

TABLE 17-12: USART SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION REQUIREMENTS

Param
Symbol Characteristic Min Typ† Max Units Conditions
No.
120 TCKH2DTV SYNC XMIT (MASTER & SLAVE)
Clock High to Data Out Valid Standard(F) — — 80 ns
Extended(LF) — — 100 ns
121 TCKRF Clock Out Rise Time and Fall Time Standard(F) — — 45 ns
(Master mode) Extended(LF) — — 50 ns
122 TDTRF Data Out Rise Time and Fall Time Standard(F) — — 45 ns
Extended(LF) — — 50 ns
† Data in “Typ” column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance
only and are not tested.

FIGURE 17-18: USART SYNCHRONOUS RECEIVE (MASTER/SLAVE) TIMING

RC6/TX/CK
pin 125
RC7/RX/DT
pin

126

Note: Refer to Figure 17-3 for load conditions.

TABLE 17-13: USART SYNCHRONOUS RECEIVE REQUIREMENTS

Param
Symbol Characteristic Min Typ† Max Units Conditions
No.
125 TDTV2CKL SYNC RCV (MASTER & SLAVE)
Data Setup before CK ↓ (DT setup time) 15 — — ns
126 TCKL2DTL Data Hold after CK ↓ (DT hold time) 15 — — ns
† Data in “Typ” column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance
only and are not tested.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 193

PIC16F87XA
TABLE 17-14: A/D CONVERTER CHARACTERISTICS:PIC16F873A/874A/876A/877A (INDUSTRIAL)
PIC16LF873A/874A/876A/877A (INDUSTRIAL)
Param
Sym Characteristic Min Typ† Max Units Conditions
No.

A01 NR Resolution — — 10-bits bit VREF = VDD = 5.12V,

VSS ≤ VAIN ≤ VREF
A03 EIL Integral Linearity Error — — <±1 LSb VREF = VDD = 5.12V,
VSS ≤ VAIN ≤ VREF
A04 EDL Differential Linearity Error — — <±1 LSb VREF = VDD = 5.12V,
VSS ≤ VAIN ≤ VREF
A06 EOFF Offset Error — — <±2 LSb VREF = VDD = 5.12V,
VSS ≤ VAIN ≤ VREF
A07 EGN Gain Error — — <±1 LSb VREF = VDD = 5.12V,
VSS ≤ VAIN ≤ VREF
A10 — Monotonicity — guaranteed(3) — — VSS ≤ VAIN ≤ VREF
A20 VREF Reference Voltage (VREF+ – VREF-) 2.0 — VDD + 0.3 V
A21 VREF+ Reference Voltage High AVDD – 2.5V AVDD + 0.3V V
A22 VREF- Reference Voltage Low AVSS – 0.3V VREF+ – 2.0V V
A25 VAIN Analog Input Voltage VSS – 0.3V — VREF + 0.3V V
A30 ZAIN Recommended Impedance of — — 2.5 kΩ (Note 4)
Analog Voltage Source
A40 IAD A/D Conversion PIC16F87XA — 220 — µA Average current
Current (VDD) PIC16LF87XA — 90 — µA consumption when A/D is
on (Note 1)
A50 IREF VREF Input Current (Note 2) — — 5 µA During VAIN acquisition.
Based on differential of
VHOLD to VAIN to charge
CHOLD, see Section 11.1
“A/D Acquisition
Requirements”.
— — 150 µA During A/D conversion
cycle
* These parameters are characterized but not tested.
† Data in “Typ” column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are
not tested.
Note 1: When A/D is off, it will not consume any current other than minor leakage current. The power-down current spec
includes any such leakage from the A/D module.
2: VREF current is from RA3 pin or VDD pin, whichever is selected as reference input.
3: The A/D conversion result never decreases with an increase in the input voltage and has no missing codes.
4: Maximum allowed impedance for analog voltage source is 10 kΩ. This requires higher acquisition time.

DS39582B-page 194  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
FIGURE 17-19: A/D CONVERSION TIMING

BSF ADCON0, GO 1 TCY

(TOSC/2)(1)
131
Q4
130

A/D CLK 132

A/D DATA 9 8 7 ... ... 2 1 0

ADRES OLD_DATA NEW_DATA

ADIF

GO DONE

Sampling Stopped
SAMPLE

Note: If the A/D clock source is selected as RC, a time of TCY is added before the A/D clock starts. This allows the SLEEP
instruction to be executed.

TABLE 17-15: A/D CONVERSION REQUIREMENTS

Param
Symbol Characteristic Min Typ† Max Units Conditions
No.

130 TAD A/D Clock Period PIC16F87XA 1.6 — — µs TOSC based, VREF ≥ 3.0V
PIC16LF87XA 3.0 — — µs TOSC based, VREF ≥ 2.0V
PIC16F87XA 2.0 4.0 6.0 µs A/D RC mode
PIC16LF87XA 3.0 6.0 9.0 µs A/D RC mode
131 TCNV Conversion Time (not including S/H time) — 12 TAD
(Note 1)
132 TACQ Acquisition Time (Note 2) 40 — µs

10* — — µs The minimum time is the

amplifier settling time. This may
be used if the “new” input volt-
age has not changed by more
than 1 LSb (i.e., 20.0 mV @
5.12V) from the last sampled
voltage (as stated on CHOLD).
134 TGO Q4 to A/D Clock Start — TOSC/2 § — — If the A/D clock source is
selected as RC, a time of TCY is
added before the A/D clock
starts. This allows the SLEEP
instruction to be executed.
* These parameters are characterized but not tested.
† Data in “Typ” column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are
not tested.
§ This specification ensured by design.
Note 1: ADRES register may be read on the following TCY cycle.
2: See Section 11.1 “A/D Acquisition Requirements” for minimum conditions.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 195

PIC16F87XA
NOTES:

DS39582B-page 196  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
18.0 DC AND AC CHARACTERISTICS GRAPHS AND TABLES
Note: The graphs and tables provided following this note are a statistical summary based on a limited number of
samples and are provided for informational purposes only. The performance characteristics listed herein
are not tested or guaranteed. In some graphs or tables, the data presented may be outside the specified
operating range (e.g., outside specified power supply range) and therefore, outside the warranted range.
“Typical” represents the mean of the distribution at 25°C. “Maximum” or “minimum” represents (mean + 3σ) or (mean – 3σ)
respectively, where σ is a standard deviation, over the whole temperature range.

FIGURE 18-1: TYPICAL IDD vs. FOSC OVER VDD (HS MODE)
7

Typical: statistical mean @ 25°C

6
Maximum: mean + 3σ (-40°C to +125°C)
Minimum: mean – 3σ (-40°C to +125°C)
5.5V

5 5.0V

4.5V
4
IDD (mA)

4.0V

3 3.5V

3.0V

2
2.5V
2.0V

0
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
FOSC (MHz)

FIGURE 18-2: MAXIMUM IDD vs. FOSC OVER VDD (HS MODE)
8

Typical: statistical mean @ 25°C

7
Maximum: mean + 3σ (-40°C to +125°C)
Minimum: mean – 3σ (-40°C to +125°C)
5.5V
6
5.0V

4.5V
5

4.0V
IDD (mA)

4
3.5V

3.0V
3
2.5V

2 2.0V

0
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
FOSC (MHz)

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 197

PIC16F87XA
FIGURE 18-3: TYPICAL IDD vs. FOSC OVER VDD (XT MODE)
1.8

1.6 Typical: statistical mean @ 25°C

Maximum: mean + 3σ (-40°C to +125°C)
Minimum: mean – 3σ (-40°C to +125°C)
5.5V
1.4
5.0V

1.2 4.5V

4.0V
1.0
IDD (mA)

3.5V
0.8 3.0V

2.5V
0.6
2.0V

0.4

0.2

0.0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
FOSC (MHz)

FIGURE 18-4: MAXIMUM IDD vs. FOSC OVER VDD (XT MODE)
2.5

Typical: statistical mean @ 25°C

Maximum: mean + 3σ (-40°C to +125°C)
Minimum: mean – 3σ (-40°C to +125°C)
2.0

5.5V

5.0V

1.5
4.5V
IDD (mA)

4.0V

3.5V
1.0
3.0V
2.5V

2.0V

0.5

0.0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
FOSC (MHz)

DS39582B-page 198  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
FIGURE 18-5: TYPICAL IDD vs. FOSC OVER VDD (LP MODE)
70

Typical: statistical mean @ 25°C

Maximum: mean + 3σ (-40°C to +125°C)
60 Minimum: mean – 3σ (-40°C to +125°C)
5.5V

50 5.0V

4.5V

40
IDD (uA)

4.0V

3.5V
30
3.0V

2.5V
20
2.0V

10

0
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
FOSC (kHz)

FIGURE 18-6: MAXIMUM IDD vs. FOSC OVER VDD (LP MODE)

120

Typical: statistical mean @ 25°C 5.5V

Maximum: mean + 3σ (-40°C to +125°C)
Minimum: mean – 3σ (-40°C to +125°C)
100
5.0V

4.5V
80

4.0V
IDD (uA)

60 3.5V

3.0V

2.5V
40
2.0V

20

0
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
FOSC (kHz)

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 199

PIC16F87XA
FIGURE 18-7: AVERAGE FOSC vs. VDD FOR VARIOUS VALUES OF R (RC MODE, C = 20 pF, +25°C)

4.5

Operation above 4 MHz is not recommended

4.0

5.1 kOhm
3.5

3.0
Freq (MHz)

2.5
10 kOhm

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5
100 kOhm

0.0
2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
VDD (V)

FIGURE 18-8: AVERAGE FOSC vs. VDD FOR VARIOUS VALUES OF R

(RC MODE, C = 100 pF, +25°C)

2.5

2.0
3.3 kOhm

1.5
Freq (MHz)

5.1 kOhm

1.0

10 kOhm

0.5

100 kOhm

0.0
2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
VDD (V)

DS39582B-page 200  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
FIGURE 18-9: AVERAGE FOSC vs. VDD FOR VARIOUS VALUES OF R
(RC MODE, C = 300 pF, +25°C)

0.9

0.8

3.3 kOhm
0.7

0.6

5.1 kOhm
Freq (MHz)

0.5

0.4

10 kOhm
0.3

0.2

0.1
100 kOhm

0.0
2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
VDD (V)

FIGURE 18-10: IPD vs. VDD, -40°C TO +125°C (SLEEP MODE, ALL PERIPHERALS DISABLED)

100

Max (125°C)
10

Max (85°C)

1
IPD (uA)

0.1

0.01
Typ (25°C) Typical: statistical mean @ 25°C
Maximum: mean + 3σ (-40°C to +125°C)
Minimum: mean – 3σ (-40°C to +125°C)

0.001
2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
VDD (V)

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 201

PIC16F87XA
FIGURE 18-11: TYPICAL AND MAXIMUM ∆ITMR1 vs. VDD OVER TEMPERATURE (-10°C TO +70°C,
TIMER1 WITH OSCILLATOR, XTAL = 32 kHz, C1 AND C2 = 47 pF)

14

Typical: statistical mean @ 25°C

12 Maximum: mean + 3σ (-10°C to +70°C)
Minimum: mean – 3σ (-10°C to +70°C)

Max
Max(+70°C)
(70C)
10

8
(µA)
IPD (uA)

Typ
Typ(+25°C)
(25C)

0
2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
VDD (V)

FIGURE 18-12: TYPICAL AND MAXIMUM ∆IWDT vs. VDD OVER TEMPERATURE (WDT ENABLED)
100

Typical: statistical mean @ 25°C

Maximum: mean + 3σ (-40°C to +125°C)
Minimum: mean – 3σ (-40°C to +125°C)

10 Max (+125°C)

Max (+85°C)
IPD (uA)

Typ (+25°C)

0.1
2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
VDD (V)

DS39582B-page 202  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
FIGURE 18-13: ∆IBOR vs. VDD OVER TEMPERATURE

1,000

Max (125°C)

Typ (25°C)
Device in
Indeterminant Sleep
State
Device in
Reset
IDD (µA)

100

Note: Device current in Reset

Max (125°C)
depends on oscillator mode,
frequency and circuit.

Typical: statistical mean @ 25°C Typ (25°C)

Maximum: mean + 3σ (-40°C to +125°C)
Minimum: mean – 3σ (-40°C to +125°C)

10
2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
VDD (V)

FIGURE 18-14: TYPICAL, MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM WDT PERIOD vs. VDD (-40°C TO +125°C)

50

45
Typical: statistical mean @ 25°C
Maximum: mean + 3σ (-40°C to +125°C)
40 Minimum: mean – 3σ (-40°C to +125°C)

35
Max
(125°C)
WDT Period (ms)

30

25
Typ
(25°C)
20

Min
15
(-40°C)

10

0
2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
VDD (V)

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 203

PIC16F87XA
FIGURE 18-15: AVERAGE WDT PERIOD vs. VDD OVER TEMPERATURE (-40°C TO +125°C)

50

45
Typical: statistical mean @ 25°C
Maximum: mean + 3σ (-40°C to +125°C)
Minimum: mean – 3σ (-40°C to +125°C)
40
125°C

35
85°C
WDT Period (ms)

30

25°C
25

20
-40°C

15

10

0
2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
VDD (V)

FIGURE 18-16: TYPICAL, MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM VOH vs. IOH (VDD = 5V, -40°C TO +125°C)

5.5

5.0

4.5

4.0
Max
3.5

Typ (25°C)
3.0
VOH (V)

2.5
Min
2.0

Typical: statistical mean @ 25°C

1.5 Maximum: mean + 3σ (-40°C to +125°C)
Minimum: mean – 3σ (-40°C to +125°C)
1.0

0.5

0.0
0 5 10 15 20 25
IOH (-mA)

DS39582B-page 204  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
FIGURE 18-17: TYPICAL, MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM VOH vs. IOH (VDD = 3V, -40°C TO +125°C)

3.5

Typical: statistical mean @ 25°C

3.0 Maximum: mean + 3σ (-40°C to +125°C)
Minimum: mean – 3σ (-40°C to +125°C)

2.5
Max

2.0
VOH (V)

Typ (25°C)

1.5

Min

1.0

0.5

0.0
0 5 10 15 20 25
IOH (-mA)

FIGURE 18-18: TYPICAL, MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM VOL vs. IOL (VDD = 5V, -40°C TO +125°C)

1.0

0.9
Max (125°C)
Typical: statistical mean @ 25°C
0.8 Maximum: mean + 3σ (-40°C to +125°C)
Minimum: mean – 3σ (-40°C to +125°C)

0.7

0.6 Max (85°C)

VOL (V)

0.5

Typ (25°C)
0.4

0.3
Min (-40°C)

0.2

0.1

0.0
0 5 10 15 20 25
IOL (-mA)

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 205

PIC16F87XA
FIGURE 18-19: TYPICAL, MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM VOL vs. IOL (VDD = 3V, -40°C TO +125°C)

3.0

Max (125°C)
2.5 Typical: statistical mean @ 25°C
Maximum: mean + 3σ (-40°C to +125°C)
Minimum: mean – 3σ (-40°C to +125°C)

2.0
VOL (V)

1.5

Max (85°C)

1.0

Typ (25°C)

0.5
Min (-40°C)

0.0
0 5 10 15 20 25
IOL (-mA)

FIGURE 18-20: MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM VIN vs. VDD (TTL INPUT, -40°C TO +125°C)

1.5

1.4
Typical: statistical mean @ 25°C
Maximum: mean + 3σ (-40°C to +125°C)
Minimum: mean – 3σ (-40°C to +125°C)
1.3
VTH Max (-40°C)

1.2

1.1
VTH Typ (25°C)
VIN (V)

1.0

0.9 VTH Min (125°C)

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5
2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
VDD (V)

DS39582B-page 206  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
FIGURE 18-21: MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM VIN vs. VDD (ST INPUT, -40°C TO +125°C)

4.0

Typical: statistical mean @ 25°C

3.5 Maximum: mean + 3σ (-40°C to +125°C)
Minimum: mean – 3σ (-40°C to +125°C)

VIH Max (125°C)

3.0

2.5

VIH Min (-40°C)

VIN (V)

2.0

VIL Max (-40°C)

1.5

1.0 VIL Min (125°C)

0.5

0.0
2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
VDD (V)

FIGURE 18-22: MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM VIN vs. VDD (I2C INPUT, -40°C TO +125°C)

3.5

VIH Max
Typical: statistical mean @ 25°C
3.0 Maximum: mean + 3σ (-40°C to +125°C)
Minimum: mean – 3σ (-40°C to +125°C)

2.5

2.0
V
VIL Max
ILMax
VIN (V)

VIH Min
1.5

1.0

VIL Min

0.5

0.0
2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
VDD (V)

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 207

PIC16F87XA
FIGURE 18-23: A/D NONLINEARITY vs. VREFH (VDD = VREFH, -40°C TO +125°C)

3.5
-40°C
-40C
Differential or Integral Nonlinearity (LSB)

+25°C
25C
2.5

+85°C
85C
2

1.5

0.5

+125°C
125C
0
2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
VDD and VREFH (V)

FIGURE 18-24: A/D NONLINEARITY vs. VREFH (VDD = 5V, -40°C TO +125°C)
3

2.5
Differential or Integral Nonlinearilty (LSB)

1.5

Max
Max (-40°C
(-40C toto125C)
+125°C)

Typ
Typ (+25°C)
(25C)

0.5

0
2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
VREFH (V)

DS39582B-page 208  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
19.0 PACKAGING INFORMATION

19.1 Package Marking Information

40-Lead PDIP Example

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX PIC16F877A/P
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 0310017
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
YYWWNNN

44-Lead TQFP Example

XXXXXXXXXX PIC16F877A
XXXXXXXXXX /PT
XXXXXXXXXX 0310017
YYWWNNN

44-Lead PLCC Example

XXXXXXXXXX PIC16F877A
XXXXXXXXXX -20/L
XXXXXXXXXX 0310017
YYWWNNN

Legend: XX...X Customer specific information*

Y Year code (last digit of calendar year)
YY Year code (last 2 digits of calendar year)
WW Week code (week of January 1 is week ‘01’)
NNN Alphanumeric traceability code

Note: In the event the full Microchip part number cannot be marked on one line, it will
be carried over to the next line thus limiting the number of available characters
for customer specific information.

* Standard PICmicro device marking consists of Microchip part number, year code, week code, and
traceability code. For PICmicro device marking beyond this, certain price adders apply. Please check
with your Microchip Sales Office. For QTP devices, any special marking adders are included in QTP
price.

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 209

PIC16F87XA
Package Marking Information (Cont’d)

44-Lead QFN Example

XXXXXXXXXX PIC16F877A
XXXXXXXXXX -I/ML
XXXXXXXXXX 0310017
YYWWNNN

28-Lead PDIP (Skinny DIP) Example

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX PIC16F876A/SP
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 0310017
YYWWNNN

28-Lead SOIC Example

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX PIC16F876A/SO
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 0310017
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
YYWWNNN

28-Lead SSOP Example

XXXXXXXXXXXX PIC16F876A/
XXXXXXXXXXXX SS
YYWWNNN 0310017

28-Lead QFN Example

XXXXXXXX 16F873A
XXXXXXXX -I/ML
YYWWNNN 0310017

DS39582B-page 210  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
40-Lead Plastic Dual In-line (P) – 600 mil (PDIP)

E1

2 α
n 1

A A2

L
c

β B1
A1
eB B p

Units INCHES* MILLIMETERS

Dimension Limits MIN NOM MAX MIN NOM MAX
Number of Pins n 40 40
Pitch p .100 2.54
Top to Seating Plane A .160 .175 .190 4.06 4.45 4.83
Molded Package Thickness A2 .140 .150 .160 3.56 3.81 4.06
Base to Seating Plane A1 .015 0.38
Shoulder to Shoulder Width E .595 .600 .625 15.11 15.24 15.88
Molded Package Width E1 .530 .545 .560 13.46 13.84 14.22
Overall Length D 2.045 2.058 2.065 51.94 52.26 52.45
Tip to Seating Plane L .120 .130 .135 3.05 3.30 3.43
Lead Thickness c .008 .012 .015 0.20 0.29 0.38
Upper Lead Width B1 .030 .050 .070 0.76 1.27 1.78
Lower Lead Width B .014 .018 .022 0.36 0.46 0.56
Overall Row Spacing § eB .620 .650 .680 15.75 16.51 17.27
Mold Draft Angle Top α 5 10 15 5 10 15
Mold Draft Angle Bottom β 5 10 15 5 10 15
* Controlling Parameter
§ Significant Characteristic
Notes:
Dimensions D and E1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed
.010” (0.254mm) per side.
JEDEC Equivalent: MO-011
Drawing No. C04-016

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 211

PIC16F87XA
44-Lead Plastic Thin Quad Flatpack (PT) 10x10x1 mm Body, 1.0/0.10 mm Lead Form (TQFP)

E
E1
#leads=n1

D1 D

2
1
B

n
CH x 45 °
α
A

φ
β A1 A2
L
(F)

Units INCHES MILLIMETERS*

Dimension Limits MIN NOM MAX MIN NOM MAX
Number of Pins n 44 44
Pitch p .031 0.80
Pins per Side n1 11 11
Overall Height A .039 .043 .047 1.00 1.10 1.20
Molded Package Thickness A2 .037 .039 .041 0.95 1.00 1.05
Standoff § A1 .002 .004 .006 0.05 0.10 0.15
Foot Length L .018 .024 .030 0.45 0.60 0.75
Footprint (Reference) (F) .039 1.00
Foot Angle φ 0 3.5 7 0 3.5 7
Overall Width E .463 .472 .482 11.75 12.00 12.25
Overall Length D .463 .472 .482 11.75 12.00 12.25
Molded Package Width E1 .390 .394 .398 9.90 10.00 10.10
Molded Package Length D1 .390 .394 .398 9.90 10.00 10.10
Lead Thickness c .004 .006 .008 0.09 0.15 0.20
Lead Width B .012 .015 .017 0.30 0.38 0.44
Pin 1 Corner Chamfer CH .025 .035 .045 0.64 0.89 1.14
Mold Draft Angle Top α 5 10 15 5 10 15
Mold Draft Angle Bottom β 5 10 15 5 10 15
* Controlling Parameter
§ Significant Characteristic
Notes:
Dimensions D1 and E1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed
.010” (0.254mm) per side.
JEDEC Equivalent: MS-026
Drawing No. C04-076

DS39582B-page 212  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
44-Lead Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier (L) – Square (PLCC)

E
E1
#leads=n1

D1 D

n 1 2
CH2 x 45 ° CH1 x 45 °
A3 α

A2 A
35°

B1
c
B A1
β
p
E2 D2

Units INCHES* MILLIMETERS

Dimension Limits MIN NOM MAX MIN NOM MAX
Number of Pins n 44 44
Pitch p .050 1.27
Pins per Side n1 11 11
Overall Height A .165 .173 .180 4.19 4.39 4.57
Molded Package Thickness A2 .145 .153 .160 3.68 3.87 4.06
Standoff § A1 .020 .028 .035 0.51 0.71 0.89
Side 1 Chamfer Height A3 .024 .029 .034 0.61 0.74 0.86
Corner Chamfer 1 CH1 .040 .045 .050 1.02 1.14 1.27
Corner Chamfer (others) CH2 .000 .005 .010 0.00 0.13 0.25
Overall Width E .685 .690 .695 17.40 17.53 17.65
Overall Length D .685 .690 .695 17.40 17.53 17.65
Molded Package Width E1 .650 .653 .656 16.51 16.59 16.66
Molded Package Length D1 .650 .653 .656 16.51 16.59 16.66
Footprint Width E2 .590 .620 .630 14.99 15.75 16.00
Footprint Length D2 .590 .620 .630 14.99 15.75 16.00
Lead Thickness c .008 .011 .013 0.20 0.27 0.33
Upper Lead Width B1 .026 .029 .032 0.66 0.74 0.81
Lower Lead Width B .013 .020 .021 0.33 0.51 0.53
Mold Draft Angle Top α 0 5 10 0 5 10
Mold Draft Angle Bottom β 0 5 10 0 5 10
* Controlling Parameter
§ Significant Characteristic
Notes:
Dimensions D and E1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed
.010” (0.254mm) per side.
JEDEC Equivalent: MO-047
Drawing No. C04-048

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 213

PIC16F87XA
44-Lead Plastic Quad Flat No Lead Package (ML) 8x8 mm Body (QFN)

E EXPOSED
METAL
PAD

D D2

2 B
1

n
OPTIONAL PIN 1 PIN 1
INDEX ON E2
INDEX ON
TOP MARKING EXPOSED PAD L

TOP VIEW BOTTOM VIEW

A
A1

A3

Units INCHES MILLIMETERS*

Dimension Limits MIN NOM MAX MIN NOM MAX
Number of Pins n 44 44
Pitch p .026 BSC 0.65 BSC
Overall Height A .031 .035 .039 0.80 0.90 1.00
Standoff A1 .000 .001 .002 0 0.02 0.05
Base Thickness A3 .010 REF 0.25 REF
Overall Width E .315 BSC 8.00 BSC
Exposed Pad Width E2 .262 .268 .274 6.65 6.80 6.95
Overall Length D .315 BSC 8.00 BSC
Exposed Pad Length D2 .262 .268 .274 6.65 6.80 6.95
Lead Width B .012 .013 .013 0.30 0.33 0.35
Lead Length L .014 .016 .018 0.35 0.40 0.45
*Controlling Parameter
Notes:
Dimensions D and E1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not
exceed .010" (0.254mm) per side.
JEDEC equivalent: M0-220
Drawing No. C04-103

DS39582B-page 214  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
28-Lead Skinny Plastic Dual In-line (SP) – 300 mil (PDIP)
E1

2
n 1 α

E A2

L
c

β A1 B1

eB B p

Units INCHES* MILLIMETERS

Dimension Limits MIN NOM MAX MIN NOM MAX
Number of Pins n 28 28
Pitch p .100 2.54
Top to Seating Plane A .140 .150 .160 3.56 3.81 4.06
Molded Package Thickness A2 .125 .130 .135 3.18 3.30 3.43
Base to Seating Plane A1 .015 0.38
Shoulder to Shoulder Width E .300 .310 .325 7.62 7.87 8.26
Molded Package Width E1 .275 .285 .295 6.99 7.24 7.49
Overall Length D 1.345 1.365 1.385 34.16 34.67 35.18
Tip to Seating Plane L .125 .130 .135 3.18 3.30 3.43
Lead Thickness c .008 .012 .015 0.20 0.29 0.38
Upper Lead Width B1 .040 .053 .065 1.02 1.33 1.65
Lower Lead Width B .016 .019 .022 0.41 0.48 0.56
Overall Row Spacing § eB .320 .350 .430 8.13 8.89 10.92
Mold Draft Angle Top α 5 10 15 5 10 15
Mold Draft Angle Bottom β 5 10 15 5 10 15
* Controlling Parameter
§ Significant Characteristic
Notes:
Dimension D and E1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed
.010” (0.254mm) per side.
JEDEC Equivalent: MO-095
Drawing No. C04-070

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 215

PIC16F87XA
28-Lead Plastic Small Outline (SO) – Wide, 300 mil (SOIC)

E
E1
p

B
2
n 1

h
α

45°

c
A A2

φ
β L A1

Units INCHES* MILLIMETERS

Dimension Limits MIN NOM MAX MIN NOM MAX
Number of Pins n 28 28
Pitch p .050 1.27
Overall Height A .093 .099 .104 2.36 2.50 2.64
Molded Package Thickness A2 .088 .091 .094 2.24 2.31 2.39
Standoff § A1 .004 .008 .012 0.10 0.20 0.30
Overall Width E .394 .407 .420 10.01 10.34 10.67
Molded Package Width E1 .288 .295 .299 7.32 7.49 7.59
Overall Length D .695 .704 .712 17.65 17.87 18.08
Chamfer Distance h .010 .020 .029 0.25 0.50 0.74
Foot Length L .016 .033 .050 0.41 0.84 1.27
Foot Angle Top φ 0 4 8 0 4 8
Lead Thickness c .009 .011 .013 0.23 0.28 0.33
Lead Width B .014 .017 .020 0.36 0.42 0.51
Mold Draft Angle Top α 0 12 15 0 12 15
Mold Draft Angle Bottom β 0 12 15 0 12 15
* Controlling Parameter
§ Significant Characteristic
Notes:
Dimensions D and E1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed
.010” (0.254mm) per side.
JEDEC Equivalent: MS-013
Drawing No. C04-052

DS39582B-page 216  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
28-Lead Plastic Shrink Small Outline (SS) – 209 mil, 5.30 mm (SSOP)

E1
p

B
2
n 1

α
A
c
A2

φ A1

L
β

Units INCHES MILLIMETERS*

Dimension Limits MIN NOM MAX MIN NOM MAX
Number of Pins n 28 28
Pitch p .026 0.65
Overall Height A .068 .073 .078 1.73 1.85 1.98
Molded Package Thickness A2 .064 .068 .072 1.63 1.73 1.83
Standoff § A1 .002 .006 .010 0.05 0.15 0.25
Overall Width E .299 .309 .319 7.59 7.85 8.10
Molded Package Width E1 .201 .207 .212 5.11 5.25 5.38
Overall Length D .396 .402 .407 10.06 10.20 10.34
Foot Length L .022 .030 .037 0.56 0.75 0.94
Lead Thickness c .004 .007 .010 0.10 0.18 0.25
Foot Angle φ 0 4 8 0.00 101.60 203.20
Lead Width B .010 .013 .015 0.25 0.32 0.38
Mold Draft Angle Top α 0 5 10 0 5 10
Mold Draft Angle Bottom β 0 5 10 0 5 10
* Controlling Parameter
§ Significant Characteristic
Notes:
Dimensions D and E1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed
.010” (0.254mm) per side.
JEDEC Equivalent: MS-150
Drawing No. C04-073

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 217

PIC16F87XA
28-Lead Plastic Quad Flat No Lead Package (ML) 6x6 mm Body, Punch Singulated (QFN)

E EXPOSED
METAL
E1 PADS

D1 D D2
p

2
1 B

n
R
E2
CH X 45° L
TOP VIEW BOTTOM VIEW
α

A2 A
A1

A3

Units INCHES MILLIMETERS*

Dimension Limits MIN NOM MAX MIN NOM MAX
Number of Pins n 28 28
Pitch p .026 BSC 0.65 BSC
Overall Height A .033 .039 0.85 1.00
Molded Package Thickness A2 .026 .031 0.65 0.80
Standoff A1 .000 .0004 .002 0.00 0.01 0.05
Base Thickness A3 .008 REF 0.20 REF
Overall Width E .236 BSC 6.00 BSC
Molded Package Width E1 .226 BSC 5.75 BSC
Exposed Pad Width E2 .140 .146 .152 3.55 3.70 3.85
Overall Length D .236 BSC 6.00 BSC
Molded Package Length D1 .226 BSC 5.75 BSC
Exposed Pad Length D2 .140 .146 .152 3.55 3.70 3.85
Lead Width B .009 .011 .014 0.23 0.28 0.35
Lead Length L .020 .024 .030 0.50 0.60 0.75
Tie Bar Width R .005 .007 .010 0.13 0.17 0.23
Tie Bar Length Q .012 .016 .026 0.30 0.40 0.65
Chamfer CH .009 .017 .024 0.24 0.42 0.60
Mold Draft Angle Top α 12° 12°
*Controlling Parameter
Notes:
Dimensions D and E1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not
exceed .010" (0.254mm) per side.
JEDEC equivalent: mMO-220
Drawing No. C04-114

DS39582B-page 218  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
APPENDIX A: REVISION HISTORY APPENDIX B: DEVICE
DIFFERENCES
Revision A (November 2001)
The differences between the devices in this data sheet
Original data sheet for PIC16F87XA devices. The are listed in Table B-1.
devices presented are enhanced versions of the
PIC16F87X microcontrollers discussed in the
“PIC16F87X Data Sheet” (DS30292).

Revision B (October 2003)

This revision includes the DC and AC Characteristics
Graphs and Tables. The Electrical Specifications in
Section 17.0 “Electrical Characteristics” have been
updated and there have been minor corrections to the
data sheet text.

TABLE B-1: DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DEVICES IN THE PIC16F87XA FAMILY

PIC16F873A PIC16F874A PIC16F876A PIC16F877A

Flash Program Memory 4K 4K 8K 8K

(14-bit words)
Data Memory (bytes) 192 192 368 368
EEPROM Data Memory (bytes) 128 128 256 256
Interrupts 14 15 14 15
I/O Ports Ports A, B, C Ports A, B, C, D, E Ports A, B, C Ports A, B, C, D, E
Serial Communications MSSP, USART MSSP, USART MSSP, USART MSSP, USART
Parallel Slave Port No Yes No Yes
10-bit Analog-to-Digital Module 5 input channels 8 input channels 5 input channels 8 input channels
Packages 28-pin PDIP 40-pin PDIP 28-pin PDIP 40-pin PDIP
28-pin SOIC 44-pin PLCC 28-pin SOIC 44-pin PLCC
28-pin SSOP 44-pin TQFP 28-pin SSOP 44-pin TQFP
28-pin QFN 44-pin QFN 28-pin QFN 44-pin QFN

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 219

PIC16F87XA
APPENDIX C: CONVERSION
CONSIDERATIONS
Considerations for converting from previous versions
of devices to the ones listed in this data sheet are listed
in Table C-1.

TABLE C-1: CONVERSION CONSIDERATIONS

Characteristic PIC16C7X PIC16F87X PIC16F87XA
Pins 28/40 28/40 28/40
Timers 3 3 3
Interrupts 11 or 12 13 or 14 14 or 15
Communication PSP, USART, SSP PSP, USART, SSP PSP, USART, SSP
(SPI, I2C Slave) (SPI, I2C Master/Slave) (SPI, I2C Master/Slave)
Frequency 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz
Voltage 2.5V-5.5V 2.2V-5.5V 2.0V-5.5V
A/D 8-bit, 10-bit, 10-bit,
4 conversion clock selects 4 conversion clock selects 7 conversion clock selects
CCP 2 2 2
Comparator — — 2
Comparator Voltage — — Yes
Reference
Program Memory 4K, 8K EPROM 4K, 8K Flash 4K, 8K Flash
(Erase/Write on (Erase/Write on
single-word) four-word blocks)
RAM 192, 368 bytes 192, 368 bytes 192, 368 bytes
EEPROM Data None 128, 256 bytes 128, 256 bytes
Code Protection On/Off Segmented, starting at end On/Off
of program memory
Program Memory — On/Off Segmented, starting at
Write Protection beginning of
program memory
Other  In-Circuit Debugger, In-Circuit Debugger,
Low-Voltage Programming Low-Voltage Programming

DS39582B-page 220  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
INDEX
A Interrupt Logic .......................................................... 153
MSSP (I2C Mode) ...................................................... 80
A/D ................................................................................... 127
MSSP (SPI Mode) ..................................................... 71
Acquisition Requirements ........................................ 130
On-Chip Reset Circuit .............................................. 147
ADCON0 Register .................................................... 127
PIC16F873A/PIC16F876A Architecture ...................... 6
ADCON1 Register .................................................... 127
PIC16F874A/PIC16F877A Architecture ...................... 7
ADIF Bit .................................................................... 129
PORTC
ADRESH Register .................................................... 127
Peripheral Output Override
ADRESL Register .................................................... 127
(RC2:0, RC7:5) Pins .................................. 46
Analog Port Pins .................................................. 49, 51
Peripheral Output Override (RC4:3) Pins .......... 46
Associated Registers and Bits ................................. 133
PORTD (in I/O Port Mode) ......................................... 48
Calculating Acquisition Time .................................... 130
PORTD and PORTE (Parallel Slave Port) ................. 51
Configuring Analog Port Pins ................................... 131
PORTE (In I/O Port Mode) ......................................... 49
Configuring the Interrupt .......................................... 129
RA3:RA0 Pins ............................................................ 41
Configuring the Module ............................................ 129
RA4/T0CKI Pin .......................................................... 42
Conversion Clock ..................................................... 131
RA5 Pin ..................................................................... 42
Conversions ............................................................. 132
RB3:RB0 Pins ............................................................ 44
Converter Characteristics ........................................ 194
RB7:RB4 Pins ............................................................ 44
Effects of a Reset ..................................................... 133
RC Oscillator Mode .................................................. 146
GO/DONE Bit ........................................................... 129
Recommended MCLR Circuit .................................. 148
Internal Sampling Switch (Rss) Impedance ............. 130
Simplified PWM Mode ............................................... 67
Operation During Sleep ........................................... 133
Timer0/WDT Prescaler .............................................. 53
Result Registers ....................................................... 132
Timer1 ....................................................................... 58
Source Impedance ................................................... 130
Timer2 ....................................................................... 61
A/D Conversion Requirements ......................................... 195
USART Receive ................................................117, 119
Absolute Maximum Ratings ............................................. 173
USART Transmit ...................................................... 115
ACKSTAT ......................................................................... 101
Watchdog Timer ...................................................... 155
ADCON0 Register .............................................................. 19
BOR. See Brown-out Reset.
ADCON1 Register .............................................................. 20
BRG. See Baud Rate Generator.
Addressable Universal Synchronous Asynchronous
BRGH Bit ......................................................................... 113
Receiver Transmitter. See USART.
Brown-out Reset (BOR) .................... 143, 147, 148, 149, 150
ADRESH Register .............................................................. 19
BOR Status (BOR Bit) ............................................... 29
ADRESL Register .............................................................. 20
Bus Collision During a Repeated Start Condition ............ 108
Analog-to-Digital Converter. See A/D.
Bus Collision During a Start Condition ............................. 106
Application Notes
Bus Collision During a Stop Condition ............................. 109
AN552 (Implementing Wake-up
Bus Collision Interrupt Flag bit, BCLIF ............................... 28
on Key Stroke) ................................................... 44
AN556 (Implementing a Table Read) ........................ 30 C
Assembler
C Compilers
MPASM Assembler .................................................. 167
MPLAB C17 ............................................................. 168
Asynchronous Reception
MPLAB C18 ............................................................. 168
Associated Registers ....................................... 118, 120
MPLAB C30 ............................................................. 168
Asynchronous Transmission
Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) ......................................... 63
Associated Registers ............................................... 116
Associated Registers
B Capture, Compare and Timer1 .......................... 68
Banking, Data Memory ................................................. 16, 22 PWM and Timer2 ............................................... 69
Baud Rate Generator ......................................................... 97 Capture Mode ............................................................ 65
CCP1IF .............................................................. 65
Associated Registers ............................................... 113
BCLIF ................................................................................. 28 Prescaler ........................................................... 65
BF ..................................................................................... 101 CCP Timer Resources ............................................... 63
Compare
Block Diagrams
A/D ........................................................................... 129 Special Event Trigger Output of CCP1 .............. 66
Special Event Trigger Output of CCP2 .............. 66
Analog Input Model .......................................... 130, 139
Baud Rate Generator ................................................. 97 Compare Mode .......................................................... 66
Capture Mode Operation ........................................... 65 Software Interrupt Mode .................................... 66
Special Event Trigger ........................................ 66
Comparator I/O Operating Modes ............................ 136
Comparator Output .................................................. 138 Interaction of Two CCP Modules (table) .................... 63
Comparator Voltage Reference ............................... 142 PWM Mode ................................................................ 67
Duty Cycle ......................................................... 67
Compare Mode Operation ......................................... 66
Crystal/Ceramic Resonator Operation Example Frequencies/Resolutions (table) ......... 68
(HS, XT or LP Osc Configuration) .................... 145 PWM Period ...................................................... 67
Special Event Trigger and A/D Conversions ............. 66
External Clock Input Operation
(HS, XT or LP Osc Configuration) .................... 145

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 221

PIC16F87XA
Capture/Compare/PWM Requirements Data EEPROM Memory
(CCP1 and CCP2) .................................................... 186 Associated Registers ................................................. 39
CCP. See Capture/Compare/PWM. EEADR Register ........................................................ 33
CCP1CON Register ........................................................... 19 EEADRH Register ..................................................... 33
CCP2CON Register ........................................................... 19 EECON1 Register ...................................................... 33
CCPR1H Register ........................................................ 19, 63 EECON2 Register ...................................................... 33
CCPR1L Register ......................................................... 19, 63 Operation During Code-Protect ................................. 39
CCPR2H Register ........................................................ 19, 63 Protection Against Spurious Writes ........................... 39
CCPR2L Register ......................................................... 19, 63 Reading ..................................................................... 35
CCPxM0 Bit ........................................................................ 64 Write Complete Flag Bit (EEIF) ................................. 33
CCPxM1 Bit ........................................................................ 64 Writing ........................................................................ 35
CCPxM2 Bit ........................................................................ 64 Data Memory ..................................................................... 16
CCPxM3 Bit ........................................................................ 64 Bank Select (RP1:RP0 Bits) .................................16, 22
CCPxX Bit .......................................................................... 64 General Purpose Registers ....................................... 16
CCPxY Bit .......................................................................... 64 Register File Map ..................................................17, 18
CLKO and I/O Timing Requirements ............................... 183 Special Function Registers ........................................ 19
CMCON Register ............................................................... 20 DC and AC Characteristics Graphs and Tables .............. 197
Code Examples DC Characteristics ....................................................175–179
Call of a Subroutine in Page 1 from Page 0 ............... 30 Demonstration Boards
Indirect Addressing .................................................... 31 PICDEM 1 ................................................................ 170
Initializing PORTA ...................................................... 41 PICDEM 17 .............................................................. 170
Loading the SSPBUF (SSPSR) Register ................... 74 PICDEM 18R PIC18C601/801 ................................. 171
Reading Data EEPROM ............................................. 35 PICDEM 2 Plus ........................................................ 170
Reading Flash Program Memory ............................... 36 PICDEM 3 PIC16C92X ............................................ 170
Saving Status, W and PCLATH Registers PICDEM 4 ................................................................ 170
in RAM ............................................................ 154 PICDEM LIN PIC16C43X ........................................ 171
Writing to Data EEPROM ........................................... 35 PICDEM USB PIC16C7X5 ...................................... 171
Writing to Flash Program Memory ............................. 38 PICDEM.net Internet/Ethernet ................................. 170
Code Protection ....................................................... 143, 157 Development Support ...................................................... 167
Comparator Module ......................................................... 135 Device Differences ........................................................... 219
Analog Input Connection Device Overview .................................................................. 5
Considerations ................................................. 139 Direct Addressing ............................................................... 31
Associated Registers ............................................... 140
Configuration ............................................................ 136 E
Effects of a Reset ..................................................... 139 EEADR Register ...........................................................21, 33
Interrupts .................................................................. 138 EEADRH Register .........................................................21, 33
Operation ................................................................. 137 EECON1 Register .........................................................21, 33
Operation During Sleep ............................................ 139 EECON2 Register .........................................................21, 33
Outputs ..................................................................... 137 EEDATA Register .............................................................. 21
Reference ................................................................. 137 EEDATH Register .............................................................. 21
Response Time ........................................................ 137 Electrical Characteristics .................................................. 173
Comparator Specifications ............................................... 180 Errata ................................................................................... 4
Comparator Voltage Reference ....................................... 141 Evaluation and Programming Tools ................................. 171
Associated Registers ............................................... 142 External Clock Timing Requirements ............................... 182
Computed GOTO ............................................................... 30 External Interrupt Input (RB0/INT). See Interrupt Sources.
Configuration Bits ............................................................. 143 External Reference Signal ............................................... 137
Configuration Word .......................................................... 144
Conversion Considerations .............................................. 220
F
CVRCON Register ............................................................. 20 Firmware Instructions ....................................................... 159
Flash Program Memory
D Associated Registers ................................................. 39
Data EEPROM and Flash Program Memory EECON1 Register ...................................................... 33
EEADR Register ........................................................ 33 EECON2 Register ...................................................... 33
EEADRH Register ...................................................... 33 Reading ..................................................................... 36
EECON1 Register ...................................................... 33 Writing ........................................................................ 37
EECON2 Register ...................................................... 33 FSR Register ..........................................................19, 20, 31
EEDATA Register ...................................................... 33
EEDATH Register ...................................................... 33
G
General Call Address Support ........................................... 94

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 PIC16F87XA
I RRF ......................................................................... 164
I/O Ports ............................................................................. 41 SLEEP ..................................................................... 164
I2C Bus Data Requirements ............................................ 192 SUBLW .................................................................... 164
SUBWF .................................................................... 164
I2C Bus Start/Stop Bits Requirements ............................. 191
I2C Mode SWAPF .................................................................... 165
Registers .................................................................... 80 XORLW ................................................................... 165
XORWF ................................................................... 165
I2C Mode ............................................................................ 80
ACK Pulse ............................................................ 84, 85 Summary Table ....................................................... 160
Acknowledge Sequence Timing ............................... 104 INT Interrupt (RB0/INT). See Interrupt Sources.
INTCON Register ............................................................... 24
Baud Rate Generator ................................................. 97
Bus Collision GIE Bit ....................................................................... 24
Repeated Start Condition ................................. 108 INTE Bit ..................................................................... 24
INTF Bit ..................................................................... 24
Start Condition ................................................. 106
Stop Condition ................................................. 109 PEIE Bit ..................................................................... 24
Clock Arbitration ......................................................... 98 RBIE Bit ..................................................................... 24
RBIF Bit ................................................................24, 44
Effect of a Reset ...................................................... 105
General Call Address Support ................................... 94 TMR0IE Bit ................................................................ 24
Master Mode .............................................................. 95 TMR0IF Bit ................................................................. 24
Inter-Integrated Circuit. See I2C.
Operation ........................................................... 96
Internal Reference Signal ................................................ 137
Repeated Start Timing ..................................... 100
Internal Sampling Switch (Rss) Impedance ..................... 130
Master Mode Reception ........................................... 101
Interrupt Sources ......................................................143, 153
Master Mode Start Condition ..................................... 99
Interrupt-on-Change (RB7:RB4) ................................ 44
Master Mode Transmission ...................................... 101
RB0/INT Pin, External ..................................... 9, 11, 154
Multi-Master Communication, Bus Collision
TMR0 Overflow ........................................................ 154
and Arbitration .................................................. 105
USART Receive/Transmit Complete ....................... 111
Multi-Master Mode ................................................... 105
Interrupts
Read/Write Bit Information (R/W Bit) ................... 84, 85
Bus Collision Interrupt ................................................ 28
Serial Clock (RC3/SCK/SCL) ..................................... 85
Slave Mode ................................................................ 84 Synchronous Serial Port Interrupt .............................. 26
Addressing ......................................................... 84 Interrupts, Context Saving During .................................... 154
Interrupts, Enable Bits
Reception ........................................................... 85
Transmission ...................................................... 85 Global Interrupt Enable (GIE Bit) ........................24, 153
Sleep Operation ....................................................... 105 Interrupt-on-Change (RB7:RB4)
Enable (RBIE Bit) .......................................24, 154
Stop Condition Timing .............................................. 104
ID Locations ............................................................. 143, 157 Peripheral Interrupt Enable (PEIE Bit) ....................... 24
In-Circuit Debugger .................................................. 143, 157 RB0/INT Enable (INTE Bit) ........................................ 24
TMR0 Overflow Enable (TMR0IE Bit) ........................ 24
Resources ................................................................ 157
In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP) ...................... 143, 158 Interrupts, Flag Bits
INDF Register .........................................................19, 20, 31 Interrupt-on-Change (RB7:RB4) Flag
(RBIF Bit) .............................................. 24, 44, 154
Indirect Addressing ............................................................ 31
FSR Register ............................................................. 16 RB0/INT Flag (INTF Bit) ............................................ 24
Instruction Format ............................................................ 159 TMR0 Overflow Flag (TMR0IF Bit) .....................24, 154
Instruction Set .................................................................. 159 L
ADDLW .................................................................... 161
Loading of PC .................................................................... 30
ADDWF .................................................................... 161
Low-Voltage ICSP Programming ..................................... 158
ANDLW .................................................................... 161
Low-Voltage In-Circuit Serial Programming ..................... 143
ANDWF .................................................................... 161
BCF .......................................................................... 161 M
BSF .......................................................................... 161 Master Clear (MCLR) ........................................................... 8
BTFSC ..................................................................... 161 MCLR Reset, Normal Operation ............... 147, 149, 150
BTFSS ..................................................................... 161
MCLR Reset, Sleep .................................. 147, 149, 150
CALL ........................................................................ 162 Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP). See MSSP.
CLRF ........................................................................ 162 MCLR ............................................................................... 148
CLRW ...................................................................... 162
MCLR/VPP ......................................................................... 10
CLRWDT .................................................................. 162 Memory Organization ........................................................ 15
COMF ...................................................................... 162
Data EEPROM Memory ............................................. 33
DECF ....................................................................... 162 Data Memory ............................................................. 16
DECFSZ ................................................................... 163 Flash Program Memory ............................................. 33
GOTO ...................................................................... 163
Program Memory ....................................................... 15
INCF ......................................................................... 163 MPLAB ASM30 Assembler, Linker, Librarian .................. 168
INCFSZ .................................................................... 163 MPLAB ICD 2 In-Circuit Debugger .................................. 169
IORLW ..................................................................... 163
MPLAB ICE 2000 High-Performance Universal
IORWF ..................................................................... 163 In-Circuit Emulator ................................................... 169
RETURN .................................................................. 164
RLF .......................................................................... 164

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PIC16F87XA
MPLAB ICE 4000 High-Performance Universal PICSTART Plus Development Programmer .................... 169
In-Circuit Emulator ................................................... 169 PIE1 Register ................................................................20, 25
MPLAB Integrated Development PIE2 Register ................................................................20, 27
Environment Software .............................................. 167 Pinout Descriptions
MPLINK Object Linker/MPLIB Object Librarian ............... 168 PIC16F873A/PIC16F876A ........................................... 8
MSSP ................................................................................. 71 PIR1 Register ...............................................................19, 26
I2C Mode. See I2C. PIR2 Register ...............................................................19, 28
SPI Mode ................................................................... 71 POP ................................................................................... 30
SPI Mode. See SPI. POR. See Power-on Reset.
MSSP Module PORTA ...........................................................................8, 10
Clock Stretching ......................................................... 90 Associated Registers ................................................. 43
Clock Synchronization and the CKP Bit ..................... 91 Functions ................................................................... 43
Control Registers (General) ....................................... 71 PORTA Register ...................................................19, 41
Operation ................................................................... 84 TRISA Register .......................................................... 41
Overview .................................................................... 71 PORTB ...........................................................................9, 11
SPI Master Mode ....................................................... 76 Associated Registers ................................................. 45
SPI Slave Mode ......................................................... 77 Functions ................................................................... 45
SSPBUF ..................................................................... 76 PORTB Register ...................................................19, 44
SSPSR ....................................................................... 76 Pull-up Enable (RBPU Bit) ......................................... 23
Multi-Master Mode ........................................................... 105 RB0/INT Edge Select (INTEDG Bit) .......................... 23
RB0/INT Pin, External .....................................9, 11, 154
O RB7:RB4 Interrupt-on-Change ................................ 154
Opcode Field Descriptions ............................................... 159 RB7:RB4 Interrupt-on-Change Enable
OPTION_REG Register ..................................................... 23 (RBIE Bit) ....................................................24, 154
INTEDG Bit ................................................................ 23 RB7:RB4 Interrupt-on-Change Flag
PS2:PS0 Bits .............................................................. 23 (RBIF Bit) ..............................................24, 44, 154
PSA Bit ....................................................................... 23 TRISB Register .....................................................21, 44
RBPU Bit .................................................................... 23 PORTB Register ................................................................ 21
T0CS Bit ..................................................................... 23 PORTC ...........................................................................9, 12
T0SE Bit ..................................................................... 23 Associated Registers ................................................. 47
OSC1/CLKI Pin .............................................................. 8, 10 Functions ................................................................... 47
OSC2/CLKO Pin ............................................................ 8, 10 PORTC Register ...................................................19, 46
Oscillator Configuration RC3/SCK/SCL Pin ..................................................... 85
HS .................................................................... 145, 149 RC6/TX/CK Pin ........................................................ 112
LP ..................................................................... 145, 149 RC7/RX/DT Pin .................................................112, 113
RC ............................................................ 145, 146, 149 TRISC Register ...................................................46, 111
XT ..................................................................... 145, 149 PORTD .........................................................................13, 51
Oscillator Selection .......................................................... 143 Associated Registers ................................................. 48
Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) ............................... 143, 148 Functions ................................................................... 48
Oscillator, WDT ................................................................ 155 Parallel Slave Port (PSP) Function ............................ 48
Oscillators PORTD Register ...................................................19, 48
Capacitor Selection .................................................. 146 TRISD Register .......................................................... 48
Ceramic Resonator Selection .................................. 145 PORTE .............................................................................. 13
Crystal and Ceramic Resonators ............................. 145 Analog Port Pins ...................................................49, 51
RC ............................................................................ 146 Associated Registers ................................................. 50
Functions ................................................................... 49
P Input Buffer Full Status (IBF Bit) ................................ 50
Package Information Input Buffer Overflow (IBOV Bit) ................................ 50
Marking .................................................................... 209 Output Buffer Full Status (OBF Bit) ........................... 50
Packaging Information ..................................................... 209 PORTE Register ...................................................19, 49
Paging, Program Memory .................................................. 30 PSP Mode Select (PSPMODE Bit) ........... 48, 49, 50, 51
Parallel Slave Port (PSP) ....................................... 13, 48, 51 RE0/RD/AN5 Pin ..................................................49, 51
Associated Registers ................................................. 52 RE1/WR/AN6 Pin ..................................................49, 51
RE0/RD/AN5 Pin .................................................. 49, 51 RE2/CS/AN7 Pin ...................................................49, 51
RE1/WR/AN6 Pin ................................................. 49, 51 TRISE Register .......................................................... 49
RE2/CS/AN7 Pin .................................................. 49, 51 Postscaler, WDT
Select (PSPMODE Bit) ..............................48, 49, 50, 51 Assignment (PSA Bit) ................................................ 23
Parallel Slave Port Requirements Rate Select (PS2:PS0 Bits) ....................................... 23
(PIC16F874A/ 877A Only) ....................................... 187 Power-down Mode. See Sleep.
PCL Register .......................................................... 19, 20, 30 Power-on Reset (POR) ..................... 143, 147, 148, 149, 150
PCLATH Register ................................................... 19, 20, 30 POR Status (POR Bit) ............................................... 29
PCON Register .................................................... 20, 29, 149 Power Control (PCON) Register .............................. 149
BOR Bit ...................................................................... 29 Power-down (PD Bit) ..........................................22, 147
POR Bit ...................................................................... 29 Power-up Timer (PWRT) ......................................... 143
PIC16F87XA Product Identification System ..................... 231 Time-out (TO Bit) ................................................22, 147
PICkit 1 Flash Starter Kit .................................................. 171

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 PIC16F87XA
Power-up Timer (PWRT) .................................................. 148 RE0/RD/AN5 Pin ............................................................... 13
PR2 Register ................................................................ 20, 61 RE1/WR/AN6 Pin ............................................................... 13
Prescaler, Timer0 RE2/CS/AN7 Pin ................................................................ 13
Assignment (PSA Bit) ................................................ 23 Read-Modify-Write Operations ........................................ 159
Rate Select (PS2:PS0 Bits) ....................................... 23 Register File ....................................................................... 16
PRO MATE II Universal Device Programmer .................. 169 Register File Map (PIC16F873A/874A) ............................. 18
Program Counter Register File Map (PIC16F876A/877A) ............................. 17
Reset Conditions ...................................................... 149 Registers
Program Memory ............................................................... 15 ADCON0 (A/D Control 0) ......................................... 127
Interrupt Vector .......................................................... 15 ADCON1 (A/D Control 1) ......................................... 128
Paging ........................................................................ 30 CCP1CON/CCP2CON (CCP Control 1
Program Memory Map and Stack and CCP Control 2) ........................................... 64
(PIC16F873A/874A) ........................................... 15 CMCON (Comparator Control) ................................ 135
Program Memory Map and Stack CVRCON (Comparator Voltage
(PIC16F876A/877A) ........................................... 15 Reference Control) .......................................... 141
Reset Vector .............................................................. 15 EECON1 (EEPROM Control 1) ................................. 34
Program Verification ......................................................... 157 FSR ........................................................................... 31
Programming Pin (VPP) ........................................................ 8 INTCON ..................................................................... 24
Programming, Device Instructions ................................... 159 OPTION_REG ......................................................23, 54
PSP. See Parallel Slave Port. PCON (Power Control) .............................................. 29
Pulse Width Modulation. See Capture/Compare/PWM, PIE1 (Peripheral Interrupt Enable 1) .......................... 25
PWM Mode. PIE2 (Peripheral Interrupt Enable 2) .......................... 27
PUSH ................................................................................. 30 PIR1 (Peripheral Interrupt Request 1) ....................... 26
PIR2 (Peripheral Interrupt Request 2) ....................... 28
R RCSTA (Receive Status and Control) ..................... 112
RA0/AN0 Pin .................................................................. 8, 10 Special Function, Summary ....................................... 19
RA1/AN1 Pin .................................................................. 8, 10 SSPCON (MSSP Control 1, I2C Mode) ..................... 82
RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF Pin ............................................ 8, 10 SSPCON (MSSP Control 1, SPI Mode) ..................... 73
RA3/AN3/VREF+ Pin ....................................................... 8, 10 SSPCON2 (MSSP Control 2, I2C Mode) ................... 83
RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT Pin .................................................. 8, 10 SSPSTAT (MSSP Status, I2C Mode) ........................ 81
RA5/AN4/SS/C2OUT Pin ............................................... 8, 10 SSPSTAT (MSSP Status, SPI Mode) ........................ 72
RAM. See Data Memory. Status ........................................................................ 22
RB0/INT Pin ................................................................... 9, 11 T1CON (Timer1 Control) ........................................... 57
RB1 Pin .......................................................................... 9, 11 T2CON (Timer2 Control) ........................................... 61
RB2 Pin .......................................................................... 9, 11 TRISE Register .......................................................... 50
RB3/PGM Pin ................................................................. 9, 11 TXSTA (Transmit Status and Control) ..................... 111
RB4 Pin .......................................................................... 9, 11 Reset ........................................................................143, 147
RB5 Pin .......................................................................... 9, 11 Brown-out Reset (BOR). See Brown-out Reset (BOR).
RB6/PGC Pin ................................................................. 9, 11 MCLR Reset. See MCLR.
RB7/PGD Pin ................................................................. 9, 11 Power-on Reset (POR). See Power-on Reset (POR).
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI Pin ................................................. 9, 12 Reset Conditions for PCON Register ...................... 149
RC1/T1OSI/CCP2 Pin .................................................... 9, 12 Reset Conditions for Program Counter .................... 149
RC2/CCP1 Pin ............................................................... 9, 12 Reset Conditions for Status Register ....................... 149
RC3/SCK/SCL Pin ......................................................... 9, 12 WDT Reset. See Watchdog Timer (WDT).
RC4/SDI/SDA Pin .......................................................... 9, 12 Reset, Watchdog Timer, Oscillator Start-up Timer,
RC5/SDO Pin ................................................................. 9, 12 Power-up Timer and Brown-out Reset
RC6/TX/CK Pin .............................................................. 9, 12 Requirements .......................................................... 184
RC7/RX/DT Pin .............................................................. 9, 12 Revision History ............................................................... 219
RCREG Register ................................................................ 19
RCSTA Register ................................................................. 19 S
ADDEN Bit ............................................................... 112 SCI. See USART.
CREN Bit .................................................................. 112 SCK ................................................................................... 71
FERR Bit .................................................................. 112 SDI ..................................................................................... 71
OERR Bit ................................................................. 112 SDO ................................................................................... 71
RX9 Bit ..................................................................... 112 Serial Clock, SCK .............................................................. 71
RX9D Bit .................................................................. 112 Serial Communication Interface. See USART.
SPEN Bit .......................................................... 111, 112 Serial Data In, SDI ............................................................. 71
SREN Bit .................................................................. 112 Serial Data Out, SDO ........................................................ 71
RD0/PSP0 Pin .................................................................... 13 Serial Peripheral Interface. See SPI.
RD1/PSP1 Pin .................................................................... 13 Slave Select Synchronization ............................................ 77
RD2/PSP2 Pin .................................................................... 13 Slave Select, SS ................................................................ 71
RD3/PSP3 Pin .................................................................... 13 Sleep ................................................................. 143, 147, 156
RD4/PSP4 Pin .................................................................... 13 Software Simulator (MPLAB SIM) ................................... 168
RD5/PSP5 Pin .................................................................... 13 Software Simulator (MPLAB SIM30) ............................... 168
RD6/PSP6 Pin .................................................................... 13 SPBRG Register ................................................................ 20
RD7/PSP7 Pin .................................................................... 13 Special Features of the CPU ........................................... 143

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PIC16F87XA
Special Function Registers ................................................ 19 Timer0 ................................................................................ 53
Special Function Registers (SFRs) .................................... 19 Associated Registers ................................................. 55
Speed, Operating ................................................................. 1 Clock Source Edge Select (T0SE Bit) ....................... 23
SPI Mode ..................................................................... 71, 77 Clock Source Select (T0CS Bit) ................................. 23
Associated Registers ................................................. 79 External Clock ............................................................ 54
Bus Mode Compatibility ............................................. 79 Interrupt ..................................................................... 53
Effects of a Reset ....................................................... 79 Overflow Enable (TMR0IE Bit) ................................... 24
Enabling SPI I/O ......................................................... 75 Overflow Flag (TMR0IF Bit) ................................24, 154
Master Mode .............................................................. 76 Overflow Interrupt .................................................... 154
Master/Slave Connection ........................................... 75 Prescaler .................................................................... 54
Serial Clock ................................................................ 71 T0CKI ......................................................................... 54
Serial Data In ............................................................. 71 Timer0 and Timer1 External Clock Requirements ........... 185
Serial Data Out ........................................................... 71 Timer1 ................................................................................ 57
Slave Select ............................................................... 71 Associated Registers ................................................. 60
Slave Select Synchronization ..................................... 77 Asynchronous Counter Mode .................................... 59
Sleep Operation ......................................................... 79 Reading and Writing to ...................................... 59
SPI Clock ................................................................... 76 Counter Operation ..................................................... 58
Typical Connection ..................................................... 75 Operation in Timer Mode ........................................... 58
SPI Mode Requirements .................................................. 190 Oscillator .................................................................... 59
SS ...................................................................................... 71 Capacitor Selection ............................................ 59
SSP Prescaler .................................................................... 60
SPI Master/Slave Connection .................................... 75 Resetting of Timer1 Registers ................................... 60
SSPADD Register .............................................................. 20 Resetting Timer1 Using a CCP Trigger Output ......... 59
SSPBUF Register .............................................................. 19 Synchronized Counter Mode ..................................... 58
SSPCON Register .............................................................. 19 TMR1H ...................................................................... 59
SSPCON2 Register ............................................................ 20 TMR1L ....................................................................... 59
SSPIF ................................................................................. 26 Timer2 ................................................................................ 61
SSPOV ............................................................................. 101 Associated Registers ................................................. 62
SSPSTAT Register ............................................................ 20 Output ........................................................................ 62
R/W Bit ................................................................. 84, 85 Postscaler .................................................................. 61
Stack .................................................................................. 30 Prescaler .................................................................... 61
Overflows ................................................................... 30 Prescaler and Postscaler ........................................... 62
Underflow ................................................................... 30 Timing Diagrams
Status Register A/D Conversion ........................................................ 195
C Bit ........................................................................... 22 Acknowledge Sequence .......................................... 104
DC Bit ......................................................................... 22 Asynchronous Master Transmission ........................ 116
IRP Bit ........................................................................ 22 Asynchronous Master Transmission
PD Bit ................................................................. 22, 147 (Back to Back) ................................................. 116
RP1:RP0 Bits ............................................................. 22 Asynchronous Reception ......................................... 118
TO Bit ................................................................. 22, 147 Asynchronous Reception with
Z Bit ............................................................................ 22 Address Byte First ........................................... 120
Synchronous Master Reception Asynchronous Reception with
Associated Registers ............................................... 123 Address Detect ................................................ 120
Synchronous Master Transmission Baud Rate Generator with Clock Arbitration .............. 98
Associated Registers ............................................... 122 BRG Reset Due to SDA Arbitration During
Synchronous Serial Port Interrupt ...................................... 26 Start Condition ................................................. 107
Synchronous Slave Reception Brown-out Reset ...................................................... 184
Associated Registers ............................................... 125 Bus Collision During a Repeated
Synchronous Slave Transmission Start Condition (Case 1) .................................. 108
Associated Registers ............................................... 125 Bus Collision During Repeated
Start Condition (Case 2) .................................. 108
T Bus Collision During Start Condition
T1CKPS0 Bit ...................................................................... 57 (SCL = 0) ......................................................... 107
T1CKPS1 Bit ...................................................................... 57 Bus Collision During Start Condition
T1CON Register ................................................................. 19 (SDA Only) ....................................................... 106
T1OSCEN Bit ..................................................................... 57 Bus Collision During Stop Condition
T1SYNC Bit ........................................................................ 57 (Case 1) ........................................................... 109
T2CKPS0 Bit ...................................................................... 61 Bus Collision During Stop Condition
T2CKPS1 Bit ...................................................................... 61 (Case 2) ........................................................... 109
T2CON Register ................................................................. 19 Bus Collision for Transmit and Acknowledge .......... 105
TAD ................................................................................... 131 Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP1 and CCP2) ............ 186
Time-out Sequence .......................................................... 148 CLKO and I/O .......................................................... 183
Clock Synchronization ............................................... 91
External Clock .......................................................... 182
First Start Bit .............................................................. 99

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 PIC16F87XA
I2C Bus Data ............................................................ 191 TRISB Register .................................................................. 20
I2C Bus Start/Stop Bits ............................................. 190 TRISC Register .................................................................. 20
I2C Master Mode (Reception, 7-bit Address) ........... 103 TRISD Register .................................................................. 20
I2C Master Mode (Transmission, TRISE Register .................................................................. 20
7 or 10-bit Address) ......................................... 102 IBF Bit ........................................................................ 50
I2C Slave Mode (Transmission, 10-bit Address) ........ 89 IBOV Bit ..................................................................... 50
I2C Slave Mode (Transmission, 7-bit Address) .......... 87 OBF Bit ...................................................................... 50
I2C Slave Mode with SEN = 1 (Reception, PSPMODE Bit ........................................... 48, 49, 50, 51
10-bit Address) ................................................... 93 TXREG Register ................................................................ 19
I2C Slave Mode with SEN = 0 (Reception, TXSTA Register ................................................................. 20
10-bit Address) ................................................... 88 BRGH Bit ................................................................. 111
I2C Slave Mode with SEN = 0 (Reception, CSRC Bit ................................................................. 111
7-bit Address) ..................................................... 86 SYNC Bit ................................................................. 111
I2C Slave Mode with SEN = 1 (Reception, TRMT Bit .................................................................. 111
7-bit Address) ..................................................... 92 TX9 Bit ..................................................................... 111
Parallel Slave Port (PIC16F874A/877A Only) .......... 187 TX9D Bit .................................................................. 111
Parallel Slave Port (PSP) Read ................................. 52 TXEN Bit .................................................................. 111
Parallel Slave Port (PSP) Write ................................. 52
Repeat Start Condition ............................................. 100 U
Reset, Watchdog Timer, Start-up Timer USART ............................................................................. 111
and Power-up Timer ........................................ 184 Address Detect Enable (ADDEN Bit) ....................... 112
Slave Mode General Call Address Sequence Asynchronous Mode ................................................ 115
(7 or 10-bit Address Mode) ................................ 94 Asynchronous Receive (9-bit Mode) ........................ 119
Slave Synchronization ............................................... 77 Asynchronous Receive with Address Detect.
Slow Rise Time (MCLR Tied to VDD via See Asynchronous Receive (9-bit Mode).
RC Network) .................................................... 152 Asynchronous Receiver ........................................... 117
SPI Master Mode (CKE = 0, SMP = 0) .................... 188 Asynchronous Reception ......................................... 118
SPI Master Mode (CKE = 1, SMP = 1) .................... 188 Asynchronous Transmitter ....................................... 115
SPI Mode (Master Mode) ........................................... 76 Baud Rate Generator (BRG) ................................... 113
SPI Mode (Slave Mode with CKE = 0) ....................... 78 Baud Rate Formula ......................................... 113
SPI Mode (Slave Mode with CKE = 1) ....................... 78 Baud Rates, Asynchronous Mode
SPI Slave Mode (CKE = 0) ...................................... 189 (BRGH = 0) .............................................. 114
SPI Slave Mode (CKE = 1) ...................................... 189 Baud Rates, Asynchronous Mode
Stop Condition Receive or Transmit Mode .............. 104 (BRGH = 1) .............................................. 114
Synchronous Reception High Baud Rate Select (BRGH Bit) ................. 111
(Master Mode, SREN) ...................................... 124 Sampling .......................................................... 113
Synchronous Transmission ...................................... 122 Clock Source Select (CSRC Bit) .............................. 111
Synchronous Transmission (Through TXEN) .......... 122 Continuous Receive Enable (CREN Bit) .................. 112
Time-out Sequence on Power-up Framing Error (FERR Bit) ........................................ 112
(MCLR Not Tied to VDD) Mode Select (SYNC Bit) .......................................... 111
Case 1 .............................................................. 152 Overrun Error (OERR Bit) ........................................ 112
Case 2 .............................................................. 152 Receive Data, 9th Bit (RX9D Bit) ............................. 112
Time-out Sequence on Power-up (MCLR Tied Receive Enable, 9-bit (RX9 Bit) ............................... 112
to VDD via RC Network) ................................... 151 Serial Port Enable (SPEN Bit) ..........................111, 112
Timer0 and Timer1 External Clock .......................... 185 Single Receive Enable (SREN Bit) .......................... 112
USART Synchronous Receive Synchronous Master Mode ...................................... 121
(Master/Slave) .................................................. 193 Synchronous Master Reception ............................... 123
USART Synchronous Transmission Synchronous Master Transmission ......................... 121
(Master/Slave) .................................................. 193 Synchronous Slave Mode ........................................ 124
Wake-up from Sleep via Interrupt ............................ 157 Synchronous Slave Reception ................................. 125
Timing Parameter Symbology .......................................... 181 Synchronous Slave Transmit ................................... 124
TMR0 Register ................................................................... 19 Transmit Data, 9th Bit (TX9D) ................................. 111
TMR1CS Bit ....................................................................... 57 Transmit Enable (TXEN Bit) .................................... 111
TMR1H Register ................................................................ 19 Transmit Enable, 9-bit (TX9 Bit) .............................. 111
TMR1L Register ................................................................. 19 Transmit Shift Register Status (TRMT Bit) .............. 111
TMR1ON Bit ....................................................................... 57 USART Synchronous Receive Requirements ................. 193
TMR2 Register ................................................................... 19
TMR2ON Bit ....................................................................... 61
V
TMRO Register .................................................................. 21 VDD Pin ...........................................................................9, 13
TOUTPS0 Bit ..................................................................... 61 Voltage Reference Specifications .................................... 180
TOUTPS1 Bit ..................................................................... 61 VSS Pin ...........................................................................9, 13
TOUTPS2 Bit ..................................................................... 61
TOUTPS3 Bit ..................................................................... 61
TRISA Register .................................................................. 20

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PIC16F87XA
W
Wake-up from Sleep ................................................ 143, 156
Interrupts .......................................................... 149, 150
MCLR Reset ............................................................. 150
WDT Reset ............................................................... 150
Wake-up Using Interrupts ................................................ 156
Watchdog Timer
Register Summary ................................................... 155
Watchdog Timer (WDT) ........................................... 143, 155
Enable (WDTE Bit) ................................................... 155
Postscaler. See Postscaler, WDT.
Programming Considerations ................................... 155
RC Oscillator ............................................................ 155
Time-out Period ........................................................ 155
WDT Reset, Normal Operation ................ 147, 149, 150
WDT Reset, Sleep ................................... 147, 149, 150
WCOL ................................................................ 99, 101, 104
WCOL Status Flag ............................................................. 99
WWW, On-Line Support ....................................................... 4

DS39582B-page 228  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
ON-LINE SUPPORT SYSTEMS INFORMATION AND
Microchip provides on-line support on the Microchip UPGRADE HOT LINE
World Wide Web site. The Systems Information and Upgrade Line provides
The web site is used by Microchip as a means to make system users a listing of the latest versions of all of
files and information easily available to customers. To Microchip's development systems software products.
view the site, the user must have access to the Internet Plus, this line provides information on how customers
and a web browser, such as Netscape® or Microsoft® can receive the most current upgrade kits. The Hot Line
Internet Explorer. Files are also available for FTP Numbers are:
download from our FTP site. 1-800-755-2345 for U.S. and most of Canada, and
1-480-792-7302 for the rest of the world.
Connecting to the Microchip Internet
Web Site 042003
The Microchip web site is available at the following
URL:
www.microchip.com
The file transfer site is available by using an FTP
service to connect to:
ftp://ftp.microchip.com
The web site and file transfer site provide a variety of
services. Users may download files for the latest
Development Tools, Data Sheets, Application Notes,
User's Guides, Articles and Sample Programs. A vari-
ety of Microchip specific business information is also
available, including listings of Microchip sales offices,
distributors and factory representatives. Other data
available for consideration is:
• Latest Microchip Press Releases
• Technical Support Section with Frequently Asked
Questions
• Design Tips
• Device Errata
• Job Postings
• Microchip Consultant Program Member Listing
• Links to other useful web sites related to
Microchip Products
• Conferences for products, Development Systems,
technical information and more
• Listing of seminars and events

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 229

PIC16F87XA
READER RESPONSE
It is our intention to provide you with the best documentation possible to ensure successful use of your Microchip prod-
uct. If you wish to provide your comments on organization, clarity, subject matter, and ways in which our documentation
can better serve you, please FAX your comments to the Technical Publications Manager at (480) 792-4150.
Please list the following information, and use this outline to provide us with your comments about this document.

To: Technical Publications Manager Total Pages Sent ________

RE: Reader Response

From: Name
Company
Address
City / State / ZIP / Country
Telephone: (_______) _________ - _________ FAX: (______) _________ - _________
Application (optional):
Would you like a reply? Y N

Device: PIC16F87XA Literature Number: DS39582B

Questions:

1. What are the best features of this document?

2. How does this document meet your hardware and software development needs?

3. Do you find the organization of this document easy to follow? If not, why?

4. What additions to the document do you think would enhance the structure and subject?

5. What deletions from the document could be made without affecting the overall usefulness?

6. Is there any incorrect or misleading information (what and where)?

7. How would you improve this document?

DS39582B-page 230  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16F87XA
PIC16F87XA PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM
To order or obtain information, e.g., on pricing or delivery, refer to the factory or the listed sales office.
PART NO. X /XX XXX
Examples:
Device Temperature Package Pattern a) PIC16F873A-I/P 301 = Industrial temp., PDIP
Range package, normal VDD limits, QTP pattern #301.
b) PIC16LF876A-I/SO = Industrial temp., SOIC
package, Extended VDD limits.
c) PIC16F877A-I/P = Industrial temp., PDIP package,
Device PIC16F87XA(1), PIC16F87XAT(2); VDD range 4.0V to 5.5V 10 MHz, normal VDD limits.
PIC16LF87XA(1), PIC16LF87XAT(2); VDD range 2.0V to 5.5V

Temperature Range I = -40°C to +85°C (Industrial)

Package ML = QFN (Metal Lead Frame)

PT = TQFP (Thin Quad Flatpack)
SO = SOIC
SP = Skinny Plastic DIP
P = PDIP
L = PLCC
S = SSOP Note 1: F = CMOS Flash
LF = Low-Power CMOS Flash
2: T = in tape and reel - SOIC, PLCC,
TQFP packages only

 2003 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39582B-page 231

 WORLDWIDE SALES AND SERVICE
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DS39582B-page 232  2003 Microchip Technology Inc.