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Exam 3

This document contains formulas and constants relevant to quantum mechanics and spectroscopy. It includes definitions for fundamental constants like Planck's constant and the speed of light. It also lists equations for quantized energy levels of particles in boxes, harmonic oscillators, and the hydrogen atom. The hydrogen atom wavefunctions are given for the 1s, 2s, 2p, and 3s orbitals. Descriptions of operators in spherical coordinates and the independent electron model are also provided.

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Mark Cliffton Badlon
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45 views2 pages

Exam 3

This document contains formulas and constants relevant to quantum mechanics and spectroscopy. It includes definitions for fundamental constants like Planck's constant and the speed of light. It also lists equations for quantized energy levels of particles in boxes, harmonic oscillators, and the hydrogen atom. The hydrogen atom wavefunctions are given for the 1s, 2s, 2p, and 3s orbitals. Descriptions of operators in spherical coordinates and the independent electron model are also provided.

Uploaded by

Mark Cliffton Badlon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3rd Hour Exam

R.G. Griffin

USEFUL CONSTANTS and FORMULAS


-3

-3

1nm = 10-9m

1eV = 1.602 x 10-19 J

h = 6.63 x 10-34 J s

h = 1.05 x 10-34 J s

c = 3.0 x 108 m s-1

hc = 2.0 x 10-25 J m

me = 9.11 x 10-31 kg

e = 1.602 x 10-19 C

= c

0 = 8.854 10 12 Cs 2 kg 1m 3

E = h

ln = mrv = n

rn = n2a0

a0 = 5.29 x 10-11 m

1mW = 10 W = 10 J s

-1

= h/p

Particle in a box

n2 h2 n2 h2 2
n2 h2 n2 h2 2
=
=
En =
E =
8ma 2
2ma 2 n 8ma 2
2ma 2
Harmonic Oscillator

1
En = n + h = n +
2

x 2 e x dx =
2

14

1
x =

8

2(

x =

0(

1
h
2

e x dx =

2
n 0 x a =
a

1
2

% =

1 k
2 c

()

(4 x

2 e

x2 2

14

1
3 x =

48

()

(2 x )e
12

14

(8

n x
sin
a

1/2

,V=

x 2n e x dx =2

1
1 x =

2

x2 2

14

km m
=
,
h
h

12

1
2

m 2 x 2

1 3 5 (2n 1)

2 n+1 a n

x2 2

x 12 1 2 x e x

32 3

Raising and lowering operators


1

1 2
a =
(mp + x )
2h

h
x =
2

1/ 2

(a

+ a

h +
a a
p = i

Normalization constants

a + n = a + n = n + 1 n +1 == n + 1 n + 1

a n = a n = n n 1 = n n 1
Rigid Rotor
1

Y0 =
0

Y2 =
0

(4 )

1 2

16

3 2
0
Y1 =
cos
4

1
2

3cos 1
2

Y2 =

15

8

3 2
1
i
Y1 = sin e
8

1
2

sin cos e

Y2 =

15

32

1
2

sin e
2

2 i

3rd Hour Exam

R.G. Griffin

h2
J J +1
EJ =
2I

h
8 I
2

(Hz)

(cm-1)

8 cI
2

Hydrogen atom

Three-dimensional operators in spherical coordinates


1
1
h2 1 2

+
H (r, , ) =
r
sin + 2 2
+ V r , ,

r sin 2
2 r 2 r r r 2 sin

1
1 2

+
L2 = h2
sin

sin 2 2
sin

Ze2
,
U=
4 0 r

Lz = ih

Z 2 e2
Z 2
En =
=
(atomic units) n = 1,2,3,... ,
8 0 a0 n2 2n2

0 x e

n x /a

a0 =

4 0 h2

dx = n!a n+1

H atom spatial wavefunctions ( where = Zr / a0 . In atomic units a0 =1 and = Zr. )


n=1
n=2

n=3

l=0
l=0

100

m=0

1 Z
= 1s =

a0

210 = 2 p =

m=0

3/ 2

l =1

Z
m = 1 211 =

64 a0

3/ 2

l=0

Z
=

81 3 a0

300

3/ 2

Z

32 a0
1

l =1

m=0

Z
=

32 a0

200 = 2s

m=0

3/ 2

(2 )e

3/ 2

e / 2 cos

(27 18 + 2 )e
2

Independent Electron Model


k 1 (1) k 2 (1 ) ... kn (1)

...
k1 (2
) k 2 (2)
(1, 2,3, 4..) =

...
...

(n )
...
kn (n )

k1
~

E = i + J ij K ij
i

where J ij = J ij and K ij =

j<i

/ 2

e / 2 sin e i

K ij
0

if S i = S j
if S i S j

/ 3

= 3s

e2

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