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Boot Sequnce of Linux

The Linux boot sequence begins with the BIOS initializing hardware and loading the first stage boot loader. The boot loader then loads the kernel and initial RAM disk containing the initial root file system. The init process then starts and processes the /etc/inittab file to determine the default runlevel. It runs the rc.sysinit script to perform filesystem checks and mount partitions, followed by scripts for each runlevel to start relevant services. Daemons are long-running background processes that provide specific system functions like web serving, printing, or login handling. They start at boot and remain running until the system shuts down or they are manually stopped.

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29 views3 pages

Boot Sequnce of Linux

The Linux boot sequence begins with the BIOS initializing hardware and loading the first stage boot loader. The boot loader then loads the kernel and initial RAM disk containing the initial root file system. The init process then starts and processes the /etc/inittab file to determine the default runlevel. It runs the rc.sysinit script to perform filesystem checks and mount partitions, followed by scripts for each runlevel to start relevant services. Daemons are long-running background processes that provide specific system functions like web serving, printing, or login handling. They start at boot and remain running until the system shuts down or they are manually stopped.

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AshAshwini
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Boot Sequence of any Linux System

BIOS ROM Software

To detect hardware setting and configuration

Setup information and device boot priority


CMOS or NVRAM
1st stage boot loader will load 2nd stage
boot loader

Now kernel mounts the / file system. Initrd contains initial root file system
image as read only.

Init process starts

262887255.doc
Compiled by SKT

Welcome to RedHat Linux

/etc/inittab file is processed


Label or ID:runlevel:action:process
si system initialization
:: blank runlevel irrespective of the runlevel the system initialization needs
to be executed.
To run rc.sysinit /etc/fstab file is most important

rc.sysinit

1. To carry out fsck on your root partition which is mounted root only.
/etc/fstab configuration is there.
2. After carrying out the fsck on read only root partition it will remount
the root partition in r/w mode.
3. It will enable swap partition.
4. Carry out fsck on local file system. Mentioned in /etc/fstab.
5. Mounts the local file system in rw mode.
6. Will mount nfs if defined.
7. /etc/rc.d/rc[x]
x is runlevel services.
Init process will handover the charge to init process for the default
runlevel.
Services to be started starts with
S
Services to be started starts with
K
After running the services
/etc/rc.d/rc.local for customization purpose.
8. Starts mingetty to provide login prompt. Mingetty will set baud rate
and terminal settings.
respawn after exit it will starts once again run the commands.
9. Login Process
What is a daemon?
On a Linux system, some processes start at boot time and continue running until the system is powered
down or until you execute a kill command. These processes typically provide some specific function such
as serving web pages. Sharing print queues, or processing login requests. In the UNIX world these types of
processes are called daemons, pronounced deemon or daymon.
A daemon process runs in the background. Waiting for events to happen. When the daemon receives a
request, typically it forks a copy of itself to process the request. Meanwhile, the parent goes back to
waiting for the next event or request.
The Apache web server is an example of a daemon. It starts running when the system first boots. And
remains in memory servicing requests for web page until the system is shut down, or the httpd daemon is
manually stopped.

262887255.doc
Compiled by SKT

262887255.doc
Compiled by SKT

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