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Traffic Flow Characteristics (2) Traffic Flow Characteristics (2) Traffic Flow Characteristics

This document discusses traffic flow characteristics and relationships. It defines key terms like speed, flow, density, spacing, headway, clearance and gap. It differentiates between interrupted and uninterrupted traffic facilities. It presents the general speed-density relationship and Greenshield's linear model. It provides examples to derive, sketch and apply these relationships.

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pujan77
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27 views16 pages

Traffic Flow Characteristics (2) Traffic Flow Characteristics (2) Traffic Flow Characteristics

This document discusses traffic flow characteristics and relationships. It defines key terms like speed, flow, density, spacing, headway, clearance and gap. It differentiates between interrupted and uninterrupted traffic facilities. It presents the general speed-density relationship and Greenshield's linear model. It provides examples to derive, sketch and apply these relationships.

Uploaded by

pujan77
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Traffic

Flow
Traffic
Traffic Flow
Flow
Characteristics
(2)
Characteristics
Characteristics (2)
(2)

Learning Objectives
To differentiate between interrupted
and uninterrupted flow facilities
To define general and linear speeddensity relationships
To derive, sketch, and apply
Greenshields Model of traffic flow

Recap

Spacing

Recap

Clearance

Recap

# vehicles/Distance
Density

Recap
Speed (v) ft/sec or mph
Flow (q) veh/sec or vph
Density (k) veh/ft or vpm
Spacing (s) ft/veh
Headway (h) sec/veh
Clearance (c) ft/veh
Gap (g) sec/veh
Remember, units are critical!

Fundamental Relationships
q=kv
(veh/hr) = (veh/mi) (mi/hr)

h=1/q
(sec/veh) = 1 / (veh/hr) (3600)

s=1/k
(ft/veh) = 1 / (veh/mi) (5280)

Types of Facilities
Uninterrupted flow
Freeways
Multilane highways
Two-lane highways

Types of Facilities
Interrupted flow
Signalized streets
Un-signalized
streets with stop
signs
Transit lanes
Pedestrian
walkways

General Speed-Density
Relationship
p.130

V
Free

normal flow

forced flow

Traffic
Jam

Capacity

K
Density at
Capacity

Jam
Density

General Speed-Density
Relationship
p.137

V
Traffic
Jam

Free

forced flow
normal flow
Capacity

K
Density at
Capacity

Jam
Density

General Speed-Density
Relationship
V

p.137

Q
Capacity

Free

Traffic
Jam

K
Density at
Capacity

Jam
Density

Greenshields Model
Assume a linear relationship between
v and k:
vf
Low Density = High
k
v vf
Speed
v
k
j
f

High Density = Low


Speed

kj

Greenshields Model
Q
Max flow

vf

v0

vf

q vf k

k2

k
j

qmax

K0

Kj

Greenshields Model
V
Vf

1/k0=s0
V0

Q
Qmax
Max flow

Example
Assuming a linear v-k relationship, the
mean free speed is 60 mph near zero
density, and the corresponding jam
density is 140 vpm. Assume the
average length of vehicles is 20 ft. Find:

v(k) and q(k)


Sketch v-k, v-q, and q-k diagrams
Compute v and k at q=1000 vph
Compute the average headway, spacings,
clearances, and gaps when the flow is maximum

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