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Classification of Fluid: A.) Ideal Fluids

Fluids are classified as either ideal or real. Ideal fluids are incompressible and inviscid, while real fluids are Newtonian or non-Newtonian. Newtonian fluids follow Newton's viscosity law where viscosity is constant, while non-Newtonian fluids have variable viscosity. Non-Newtonian fluids are further broken down into shear-dependent or time-dependent types based on how viscosity changes with stress or time, and examples are given such as toothpaste and paint.

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89 views

Classification of Fluid: A.) Ideal Fluids

Fluids are classified as either ideal or real. Ideal fluids are incompressible and inviscid, while real fluids are Newtonian or non-Newtonian. Newtonian fluids follow Newton's viscosity law where viscosity is constant, while non-Newtonian fluids have variable viscosity. Non-Newtonian fluids are further broken down into shear-dependent or time-dependent types based on how viscosity changes with stress or time, and examples are given such as toothpaste and paint.

Uploaded by

Johanna Gwenn Taganahan Lomaad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Classification of Fluid

A.) Ideal Fluids incompressible, inviscid fluids which exhibit uniform velocity distribution when
flowing

B.) Real Fluids


1.) Newtonian Fluids follows Newtons Law of Viscosity; viscosity is constant
2.) Non- Newtonian Fluids - viscosity is variable
2.1.) Shear-Dependent Non-Newtonian Fluids

Bingham plastics - like a solid at low stresses and like a viscous liquid at high stresses.
Bingham plastics require a finite amount of shear stress before flowing.
Examples: toothpaste, jellies, some slurries

Dilatants - exhibit shear thickening (increasing viscosity) with increasing shear stress.
Examples: starch suspensions, long-chain hydrocarbons

Pseudoplastic - exhibit shear thinning (decreasing viscosity) with increasing shear stress.
Examples: mayonnaise, blood, high-molecular-weight polymers

2.2.) Time-Dependent Non-Newtonian Fluids

Rheopectic fluids - exhibit increasing viscosity through time while undergoing shear stress.
Examples: clay suspensions, jellies, bentonite (absorbent clay)

Thixotropic fluids - exhibit decreasing viscosity through time while undergoing shear stress.
They tend to solidify when at rest.
Examples: paint, printer ink

Viscoelastic fluids - exhibit both viscous and elastic properties.


Examples: egg white

* White, Frank M. Fluid Mechanics 4th ed. McGraw-Hill. 1998. pp 28.

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