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Analytic Geometry Is A Branch of

analytic geometry, also known as coordinate geometry, or Cartesian geometry, is the study of geometry using a coordinate system.

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Mohan Lal
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12K views2 pages

Analytic Geometry Is A Branch of

analytic geometry, also known as coordinate geometry, or Cartesian geometry, is the study of geometry using a coordinate system.

Uploaded by

Mohan Lal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What Is Analytic Geometry?

Analytic Geometry is a branch of algebra that is used to


model geometric objects - points, (straight)lines, and circles being the most
basic of these. Analytic geometry is a great invention of Descartes and
Fermat.
In plane analytic geometry, points are defined as ordered pairs of numbers,
say, (x, y), while the straight lines are in turn defined as the sets of points that
satisfy linear equations, see the excellent expositions by D. Pedoe or D.
Brannan et al. From the view of analytic geometry, geometric axioms are
derivable theorems. For example, for any two distinct points (x1, y1) and (x2,
y2), there is a single line ax + by + c = 0 that passes through these points. Its
coefficients a, b, c can be found (up to a constant factor) from the linear
system of two equations
ax1 + by1 + c = 0
ax2 + by2 + c = 0,

or directly from the determinant equation

However, no axiomatic theory may escape using undefined elements. In Set


Theory that underlies much of mathematics and, in particular, analytic
geometry, the most fundamental notion of set remains undefined.
Geometry of the three-dimensional space is modeled with triples of
numbers (x, y, z) and a 3D linear equation ax + by + cz + d = 0 defines a

plane. In general, analytic geometry provides a convenient tool for working in


higher dimensions.
Within the framework of analytic geometry one may (and does) model nonEuclidean geometries as well. For example, in plane projective geometry a
point is a triple of homogenous coordinates(x, y, z), not all 0, such that
(tx, ty, tz) = (x, y, z),

for all t 0, while a line is described by a homogeneous equation


ax + bx + cz = 0.

In analytic geometry, conic sections are defined by second degree


equations:
ax + bxy + cy + dx + ey + f = 0.

That part of analytic geometry that deals mostly with linear equations is
called Linear Algebra.
Cartesian analytic geometry is geometry in which the axes x = 0 and y = 0 are
perpendicular.
The components of n-tuple x = (x1, ..., xn) are known as its coordinates.
When n = 2 or n = 3, the first coordinates is called abscissa and the
second ordinate.

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