API 2517 Ed. 3 (1989/R1996) : Evaporation Loss From External Floating-Roof Tanks

API 2517 Ed.
3 (1989/R1996)
Evaporation Loss From External Floating-roof Tanks
Table of Contents
Section 1 - Scope
Section 2 - Procedures for calculating losses
2.1
Loss equations
2.1.1 General
2.1.2 Standing storage loss
2.1.3 Withdrawal loss
2.1.4 Total loss
2.2
Discussion of variables
2.2.1 General
2.2.2 Standing storage loss factors
2.2.2.1 Rim-seal loss factor
2.2.2.2 Total roof-fitting loss factor
2.2.2.3 Vapor pressure function
2.2.2.4 Vapor molecular weight
2.2.2.5 Product factor
2.2.2.6 Density of condensed vapor
2.2.3 Withdrawal loss factors
2.2.3.1 Significance
2.2.3.2 Annual net throughput
2.2.3.3 Clingage
2.2.3.4 Average liquid stock density
2.3
Summary of calculation procedure
2.4
Sample problem
2.4.1 Problem
2.4.2 Solution
2.4.2.1 Standing storage loss
2.4.2.2 Withdrawal loss
2.4.2.3 Total loss
Section 3 - Components of external floating-roof tanks
3.1
External floating-roof tanks
3.2
Floating roofs
3.3
Rim seals
3.3.1 General
3.3.2 Mechanical-shoe primary seals
3.3.3 Resilient-filled primary seals
3.3.4 Flexible-wiper primary seals
3.3.5 Secondary seals
3.3.6 Weather shields
3.4
Roof fittings
3.4.1 General
3.4.2 Access hatches
3.4.3 Unslotted guide-pole wells
3.4.4 Slotted guide-pole/sample wells
3.4.5 Gauge-float wells
3.4.6 Gauge-hatch/sample wells
3.4.7 Vacuum breakers
3.4.8 Roof drains
3.4.9 Roof legs
3.4.10 Rim vents
Section 4 - Details of loss analysis
4.1
Introduction
4.2
Loss mechanisms
4.2.1 General
4.2.2 Rim-seal loss
4.2.3 Roof-fitting loss
4.2.4 Withdrawal loss
4.3
Data base for loss correlations
4.3.1 Standing storage loss data
4.3.2 Withdrawal loss data
4.4
Development of standing storage loss
correlation
4.4.1 General
4.4.2 Rim-seal loss factors
4.4.3 Tank diameter
4.4.4 Roof-fitting loss factors
4.4.5 Vapor pressure function
4.4.6 Product factors
4.4.7 Tank paint colour
4.5
Development of withdrawal loss correlation
Section 5 - References
Appendix A - Development of rim-seal loss factors
Appendix B - Development of relationship between airflow
rate and wind speed
Appendix C - Development of diameter function
Appendix D - Development of roof-fitting loss factors
Appendix E - Development of vapor pressure function
Appendix F - Development of product factors
Appendix G - Development of clingage factors
Appendix H - Documentation records
Figures
1
Rim-seal loss factor for a welded tank with a
mechanical-shoe primary seal
2
liquid-mounted resilient-filled primary seal
3
vapor-mounted resilient-filled primary seal
4
Rim-seal loss factor for a riveted tank with a
mechanical-shoe primary seal
5
Roof-fitting loss factor for access hatches
6
Roof-fitting loss factor for unslotted guidepole wells
7
Roof-fitting loss factor for slotted guidepole/sample wells
8
Roof-fitting loss factor for gauge-float wells
9
Roof-fitting loss factor for gauge hatch/sample
wells
10
Roof-fitting loss factor for vacuum breakers
11
Roof-fitting loss factor for roof drains
12
Roof-fitting loss factor for adjustable roof
legs
13
Roof-fitting loss factor for rim vents
14
Total roof-fitting loss factor for typical
fittings on pontoon floating roofs
15
Total roof-fitting loss factor for typical
fittings on double-deck floating roofs
16
Vapor pressure function
17A
True vapor pressure of refined petroleum stocks
with a Reid vapor pressure of 1-20 pounds per
square inch
17B
Equation for true vapor pressure of refined
petroleum stocks with a Reid vapor pressure of
1-20 pounds per square inch
18A
True vapor pressure of crude oils with a Reid
vapor pressure of 2-15 pounds per square inch
18B
Equation for true vapor pressure of crude oils
with a Reid vapor pressure of 2-15 pounds per
square inch
19
External floating-roof tank with pontoon
floating roof
20
External floating-roof tank with double-deck
floating roof
21
Mechanical-shoe primary seal
22
Resilient-filled primary seal
23
Flexible-wiper primary seal
24
Mechanical-shoe primary seal with shoe-mounted
secondary seal
25
Resilient-filled primary seal with rim-mounted
secondary seal
26
Access hatch
27
Unslotted guide-pole well
28
Slotted guide-pole/sample well
29
Gauge-float well
30
Gauge-hatch/sample well
31
Vacuum breaker
32
Overflow roof drain
33
Roof leg
34
Rim vent
C-1
Calculated losses as a function of diameter
exponent
Tables
1
Summary of procedure for calculating standing
storage loss
2
Summary of procedure for calculating withdrawal
loss
3
Rim-seal loss factors, Kr and n
4
Average annual wind speed (V) for selected U.S.
locations
5
Roof-fitting loss factors, Kfa, Kfb, and m, and
6
7
8
9
10
11
typical number of roof fittings, Nf

Typical number of vacuum breakers, Nf6, and
roof drains, Nf7
Typical number of roof legs, Nf8
Physical properties of selected petrochemicals
Average annual ambient temperature (Ta) for
selected U.S. locations
Average annual stock storage temperature (Ts)
as a function of tank paint colour
Average clingage factors, C
Abstract
Provides improved method for estimating total evaporative losses or the equivalent atmospheric hydrocarbon emissions from external floatingroof tanks that contain multicomponent hydrocarbon mixtures, or single-component stocks. Coverage includes loss equations, discussion of
variables, withdrawal loss factors, floating roofs, rim seals, secondary seals, roof fittings, vacuum breakers, roof drains, roof legs, rim vents,
rim-seal loss, roof-fitting loss, standing storage loss data, tank diameter, vapor pressure function, tank paint color, product factors, and
development of withdrawal loss correlation. Also gives detailed tables and diagrams.

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typical number of roof fittings, Nf

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