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Principles of Mathematics10 Chapter1 Solutions

Nelson

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5K views50 pages

Principles of Mathematics10 Chapter1 Solutions

Nelson

Uploaded by

Simon Girgis
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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PRINCIPLES of __MATHEMATICS Solutions Manual Series Author and Senior Consultant Marian Small Lead Author Chris Kirkpatrick Authors Mary Bourassa * Crystal Chilvers # Santo D‘Agostino lan Macpherson ¢ John Rodger * Susanne Trew Ws20-13 : 978-0-17-6340223 | | ti q | 2b a4Dee3 TO. NELSON eDUCATION Priel of Mathematics 10 Solutions Manual Series Author and Senioe ‘Authors Technology Concultant Gonsutane Mary Bourassa, Cystal Chivers, lan MeTavsh Maran Smet Sento D Agostino lan Macpherson, at aes John Rode Suse Tree Ges npr Conebating Authors Dan Cnaonneau, Ralph tontesert, rein Soumtamn ice President, Publishing Solution, Technical Art sr Page Senior Production Coordinator dice Sehoering tayout Kethrine Pore Fie Felo Resource Goup ne. Senora Manager Mathematics, figs anderson Inteior Design ‘ence, and Teehnolo5y tne crave Modis Servet Crore Srooks| rant over Design Publisher Mathematics sting Fran Courtney Hella {olin Genham Sheen hing Brey Ses cover image ‘Aodiate Pubisher Mathemates Raber Templeton {© Constock Images Alay Sanaa eTown Contriuting Eltors Printer Managing Estoy Mathematics Antnony vz, Rachelle Sokol, CanadanFeatco Ena Mares David Cowan, David Gargora, sheave Product Manager (nea Krpinsy xacrive Director Content and Progr Mana boomers Iynda Cowan Renate Sip Director, Content and Media Production nn Production Manager Helen Jagertocin COPYRIGHT © 2010 by Haken ALLRIGHTS RESERVED. No part of for permistan to ure materia Eatin rte this mock covered by the cooynght feomthstaxt or product, suit aren exept for any reprogueble a reques amine at ssn: 78047940223 Dogeincued nthe work may. wtzengageconvpetrisions Serepiodied, ansrbed: or Further queso aout preted and bouréincanade ——_setdimanyform s'by anyrmmace—_pormisiors an be araed 12342 1009 one cecone oe mechencal pembserequetecraniecon Ineucng phowconyng rearing, or more information contact taping Web drrouton, or very effort has heen mace to Nebon Education Lt, Information sorage and revival Wate nership ofl copyrighted {20 8ichmount Road, Toronto, sslemethout even ate and secre permsion (On, ae 58. Bermision of he publahe, from ora biden. inthe ‘Or yoscan vitor nemet ste a vet of any question arng esto Fexpinswanaoneam tho use oF ny materi, wl Be ese to make the necesary oraciny in foto aornge Table of Contents Chapter 1: Systems of Linear Equations Getting Started Lesson 1.1: Representing Linear Relations Lesson 1.2: Solving Linear Equations Lesson 1.3: Graphically Solving Linear Systems Curious Math Mid-Chapter Review Lesson 1.4: Solving Linear Systems: Substitution Lesson 1.5: Equivalent Linear Systems Lesson 1.8: Solving Linear Systems: Elimination Lesson 1.7: Exploring Linear Systems Chapter Review Chapter Self-Test Chapter Task Chapter 2: Analytic Geometry: Line ‘Segments and Circles Getting Started Lesson 2.1: Midpoint of a Line Segment Lesson 2.2: Length of a Line Segment Lesson 2.3: Equation of a Circle Mid-Chapter Review Lesson 2.4: Classifying Figures on a Coordinate Grid Lesson 2.5: Verifying Properties of Geometric Figures Lesson 2.6: Exploring Properties of Geometric Figures Curious Math Lesson 2.7: Using Coordinates to Solve Problems Chapter Review Chapter Self-Test Chapter Task Chapter 3: Graphs of Quadratic Relations Getting Started Lesson 3.1: Exploring Quadratic Relations Lesson 3.2: Properties of Graphs of Quadratic Relations Curious Math Lesson 3.3: Factored Form of a Quadratic Relation Mid-Chapter Review Lesson 3.4; Expanding Quadratic Expressions Lesson 3.8: Quadratic Models Using Factored Form Lesson 3.6: Exploring Quadratic and Exponential Graphs 3.21 3:25 ili Chapter Review Chapter Self-Test Chapter Task Cumulative Review Chapter 4: Factoring Algebraic Expressions Getting Started Lesson 4.1: Common Factors in Polynomials Lesson 4.2: Exploring the Factorization of Trinomials Lesson 4.3: Factoring Quadratics: Xt bxte Mid-Chapter Review Lesson 4.4: Factoring Quadratics: P+ Oxo Lesson 4.5 Factoring Quadratics: Special Cases Curious Math Lesson 4.6: Reasoning about Factoring Polynomials Chapter Review Chapter Self-Test Chapter Task Chapter 5: Applying Quadratic Models Getting Started Lesson 5.1: Stretching/Reflocting Quadratio Relations Lesson 5.2: Exploring Translations of Quatiratic Relations Lesson 5.3: Graphing Quadratics in Vertex Form Mid-Chapter Review Lesson 5.4: Quadratic Models Using Vertex Form Lesson 5.5: Solving Problems Using Quadratic Relations ‘Curious Math Lesson 5.6: Connecting Standard and Vertex Forms Chapter Review Chapter Self-Test Chapter Task 3:26 3-30 333 334 45 47 4-10 446 4-19 449 422 4.26 4.28 87 5-13 BAS 518 5-22 5-23 5:27 531 5:32 Chapter 6: Quadratic Equations Getting Started Lesson 6.1: Solving Quadratic Equations Lesson 6.2: Exploring the Creation of Perfect Squares. ‘Curious Math Lesson 6.3: Completing the Square Mid-Chapter Review Lesson 6.4: The Quadratic Formula Lesson 6.6: Interpreting the Quadratic Equation Roots Lesson 6.6: Solving Problems Usit Quadratic Models Chapter Review Chapter Self-Test Chapter Task Cumulative Review Chapter 7: Similar Triangles and Trigonometry Getting Started Lesson 7.1: Congruence and Similarity in Triangles Lesson 7.2: Solving Similar Triangle Problems Mid-Chapter Review Lesson 7.3: Exploring Similar Right Triangles Lesson 7.4: The Primary Trigonometric Ratios Lesson 7.5: Solving Right Triangles ‘Curious Math, Lesson 7.6: Solving Right Triangle Problems Chapter Review Chapter Self-Test Chapter Task Chapter 8: Acute Triangle Trigonometry Getting Started Lesson 8.1: Exploring the Sine Law Lesson 8.2: Applying the Sine Law Mid-Chapier Review Lesson 8.3: Exploring the Cosine Law Curious Math Lesson 8.4: Applying the Cosine Law Lesson 8.5: Solving Acute Triangle Problems Chapter Review Chapter Sel-Test Ghapter Task Cumulative Review 64 ett 612 613 6-21 Tat TA3, TAT 748 T21 7-25 7-28 at 82 83 8-8 810 att 812 a7 8-23 8.26 8:28 2.29 Appendix A: Reviow of Essential Skills 4-1: Operations with integers A-2: Operations with Rational Numbers A-8: Exponent Laws A-4: The Pythagorean Theorem A-5: Evaluating Algebraic Expressions and Formulas ‘A-6: Determining the intorcopts of Linear Relations ‘A-T: Graphing Linear Relations ‘8-8: Expanding and Simplifying Algebraic Expressions A-8: Solving Linear Equations Aigebraically ‘A-10: First Differences and Rate of Change ‘A~11: Creating Scatter Plots end Lines (or Curves of Good Fit ‘A-12; Interpolating and Extrapolating ‘A-18: Transformations of ‘Two-Dimensional Figures ‘A-14: Ratios, Rates, and Proportions ‘A-15: Properties of Triangles and Angle Relationships ‘A-18: Congruent Figures AA At A2 AS A AS As a8 Ata At3 Ata A416 ANG ANG AAT Ang 4-20 Chapter 1: Systems of Linear Equations Getting Started, page 4 1a) The place where graph crosses the x.axisis called the xintercept, 50) is the correct choice. b) In he equation, y = 5x + 2,5 isa coefficient of the variable x. The correct choices, in order, are i), v), andi), ©) Let x= 0 to determine the yintorcept of y The comect choice is i) 44) You can determine the solution to 20 = 3x 10 by ‘graphing y= 3x~ 10. The correct choice is vi), €) The ordered pair at which two lines cross is called the point of intersection. The correct choice is ¥) 2.a)Fory= 4x-~ 7, the yintercopt is -7, and the slope is 4. Sc the graph gods through points (@, -7) and (1, -3), x7. the yintercapt is 1.6 and the slope is 0.5. So the graph goes through points (0, 1.5) and (1,1) 3. a) in the equation 4x ~ Sy = 10, when x= 0, then and when y= 0, then x= 2.5. So, the graph goes ‘through points (0,2) end (2.5, 0), by inthe equaton y = 2~ 9x, when tony 2.24 stony +0, bun x=, gach goes Bough ran aa (20) Principles of Mathematics 10 Solutions Manual 4. a) For example, for x ~ 3y = 6, when x = 0, then y=~2, and when y= 0, then x='6, So, the graph goes: through points (0,~2) and (6,0). = 2x. when x= 0, theny = 5; 5. So, the graph goes through ) For example, for y land when y= 0, then x= points (0, 5) and (2.5, 0). Sx410-3x 412 =Gx—-3x 410412 = 2x +22 b) 43x45) = 4(30)+ 465) 2x +20 ©) ~2(Sx=2) =-2(5x) -21-2) 40x +4 dD) Bx-6)+Ax+7) = 3x9 2K-847 Beat ©) 6(2x~4)~Si2x~1) = 627} + 6(-4) -3(2x) 2-4) Yox~24-6x43 12x-6x~ 24+ 3 be-21 BxtTx~ 1446 Sx-8 6. a) From Ax + By + C= 0 form to y= mx + b form: axray-6=0 0 (Bx~14)+ 7x+8) 2x-y-5 () From Ax + By + C= 0 form to y= mx + b form: 4x-Ty 4d) From y= mx +b form to Ax+ By + C=O form 2,8 by = 4y-5 4x+6y45=0 7.2) The equation y= 9x— S's in the form y= mx+b, with m= 9 and b =~5, So, the slope 's 3 andthe intercaptis 5. by The equation y =~: 241 is in the form w+, 3 ee win m=—2 and b= 1. So, the slopes ~ and the pintercoptis + ) The equation y = 0.5xis in the form y= mx + b, with ‘m= 0.8 and b = 0. So, the slope is 0.5 and the pinterceptis 0 4) The equation y with m= 2.8 and {intercept is 1.2. 8x~ 1.2 is in the form y= m+ b, 1.2, So, the slope is 26 and the 8, Relation c) is @ circ variation because itis a straight line that passes through the origin Relations a}, b), and d} are partial variations because they are straight snes that do not pass through the origin 9. 2) The graph shows that at tme 0, thats, when Kyle slarts out home from school, he is 4.5 km from home. So, the school is 4.6 km from Kyle's home. ») The graph shows Kye arrived home 15 min after he. slarted, He tavolied 4.5 km in 15 min, which is the same speed as 18 km in 60 min or 1h, He cycles al 18 kmln, 12 10. a) The teiation y= 3x ~6 i liner degree 1. b) The relation is linear, because the first differences are ‘constant, 2 () The relation y= of degree 2. 4d) The relation is nonlineer, because the frst differences are not constant. because its of 3x? + 6x - 4 is nonlinear, because it is thay x5 x » 18 ry a a “x ) bH8 2 ) 4x8 ax 8x mx 2 42a) ax ay 14 3(t.5)-2y 45-27 ay y =(16—45) 4-2 a db) 0.86x+054y 0.36% + 0.5407) 0.96x 0.378 0.38x. 13.) Forexarple, (Rector ove ary >, \ common feton (Determine the (Sacre) ‘sean ysinercept,_)\ dy ) For example, | woud determine the x- and intercepts because I think its easier. Chapter 4: Systems of Linear Equations Lesson 1.1: Representing Linear Relations, page 12 4. Subsiilute the values of each ordered pair into 2x + 4y =20 to see if they make the equations tru. 8) For (10,0) ts Ls. (10,0) 1s on the graph, b) For (-3, 7) Ls =2xs4y 21-2) + 4(7) “e528 22 Ls #RS (3, 7)is not on the graph, ©) For (6.2): LS =2x+4y 2(6)+ 412) 20 Ls =RS. (6, 2)is on the graph ) For (0, 5} Ls =2x+4y 2(0) + 4(6) 20 Ls =RS (0,5) is on the graph ©) For (12,~1): LS =2x+4y 2(12) + 4-1) 20 Ls =RS (12,~1) is on the graph. 2. a) For example, | started with no muffins, which meant Jacob could spend $15 on doughnuts. At 25¢/doughnut, than means Jacob can buy 60 doughnuts, Then | increased the number of muffins he would buy. | increased the number by 4 because that made for an ‘easy mutiple. | calculated the number of doughnuts he ‘could get each time. Muffins: Doughnuts Total ‘Number | Cost(@)_| Number | Cost iS) | Cost (s) 0. 0.00 [60 15.00 [15.00 4 3.00 | 48. 12.00 |~15.00, zg 6.00 | 36, 3.00 [78.00 ia 300 | 4 6.00 | 15.00 16. 42.00 | 42 3.00 [15.00 20. 15.00, a 0.007] 15.66 'b) To get the maximum number of muffins, Jacob would have to spend all the money on mutfins and none on doughnuts. One muffin costs 754, so the number he can buy for $15 is 15 + 0.75 = 20. ©) To get the maximum number of doughnuls, Jacob ‘would have to spend all the money on doughnuts and ‘none on muffins. One doughnut costs 28¢, so the umber he can buy for $15 is 15 + 0.25 = 60. dd) Answers may vary, ¢.9,,0.75m + 0.25d= 15; m represents number of muffins bought, d represents number of doughnuts bought. Principles of Mathematics 10 Solutions Manual site Contato of 10 30 30 Maine 3. Answers may vary, €4., [think the table of values is most useful because it clearly lists some of Jacob's options. 4. Choose 2 value for one variable and then determine what valve for the other variable makes the relation tru. Answors may vary, @.4.. 0, y=5(0)- 1 =-1, s0(0, ~1) satisfies the relation. For x= 1, y= 5(1)— 1 =4, $0 (1,4) satisfies the relation. For x= 2, y= 5(2)— 1=9, so (2,5) does not satisfy the relation, ') To make calculations easier, isolate y: So (8, 0) satisfies the relation For x $0 (0,6) salisfies the relation. Forx= 10, 3 y=3000)-6 y=15-6 yas So (10, 2) does not satisty the relation. ©) For x= 0, y=~-25(0) + 10 = 10, s0(0, 10) satisfies the relation. For x = 2, y=~25{2) + 10 = 40, $0 (2, -40) satisfies the relation and (2, ~£0) does not 13 4) To maka calculations easier, isolate y, =15-5, ¥= 18-312) yat5-5 y=10 So (2, 10) satisfies the relation. For =15-5 ¥=18-516) So (6, 0) satisfies the relation and (0, 0) does net, 8. a) Let x represent the number of hours at the day job er week and let y represent the number of hours atthe night job per week. Caroline works 40 nin all, so 0. ) Let x represent the number of hours atthe day job por wack and let y represent the number ef hours atthe right job per week. Caroine earns $15/h atthe day job ‘and $11fh at her night job. Also, she earns $540 per week So, 15x+ y= 540. €) Let x represent sales per week and let y represent ‘earnings per wook. Justin oars $500 plus 6% of is ‘sales, 60 y= 500 ~ 0.08%. 4) Let x rapresent sales por week and let y represent earnings per week, Justin would earn $800, plus 4% of his sales, so y= 800 + 0.04. 2) Let x represent numberof nickels and let y represent umber of cimes. Each nickel is worth $0.08 and each Gimo ig worth $0.10, 50 0.05x + 0-10y = 6.26 6.3) 70 20 30 40 50 Day job fn) Evening Hours vi. 330 Fx Boo ot aes. 1000 Day ob 14 7. Evaluate each equation in parts) and ¢) for X= 18 000: Forthe current ob: 'y = 500+ 0.06x. = 500 + 0.06(18 000) 500 + 1080 = 1580 For the other job: y = 800 + 0.04x 800 + 0.04(18 000) 800 +720 1520 Justin earns $1580 per week in his current job and would ‘earn only $1820 per week at the new job. So, he should rol take it 8. a) Answers may vary, €.., Phone Calls__|__Texi Messages | Total Min | Cost (§)_| Number | Cost $]_|_Cost S) 250_[ 2500 | 0 ‘0.00 [25.00 *190_|_ 19.00 | Too 600__| 25.00 730 | 13.00 | 200. 72.00 | 25.00 70_|— 7.00~|~ 300 418.00 | 25.00 70 1.60] 400 24.00 _| 25.00, 0] 0.00416 24.98 | 24.96 Number of text messages 60 10180280 ‘umber of minates fll 9.) Let x represent sales and let y represent earnings, The earings are $1200 plus 3.5% of sales, so y= 1200 + 0.035x, b) Substitute x= 96 174 into the equation. y= 1200 + 0.035% = 1200 + 0,035(96 174) 1200 + 3368.09 4566.09 So, yes, the amount Is conect, 40. a) The greatest numberof racing bikes that could have been rented Is when no mountain bikes were rented. The rental charges were $3460, so the number of racing bikes rented would be 2450 + 25 = 138 bikes. Chapter 1: Systems of Linear Equations 'b) The greatest number of mountain bikes that could hhave been rented is when no racing bikes were rented, The rental charges were $3450, so the number of ‘mountain bikes rented would be 3450 + 30 = 115 bikes. ¢) Let x represent the number of racing bikes rented and lety epresent the number of mountain bikes rented: 254+ 30y = 3450 Rentals at Ben Bikes du 5 80- fe 0 Toe Pec 11, Answers may vary, ¢.g. let x represent euros and tet _y tepresent Swiss francs. One euro is $1.40 and one Swiss francis $0.90, and they must equal $620, so 1.40x + 0.$0y = 630. All the possible combinations are solutions to the equation. These can be shown ina graph Swi Fans, 8888s 8 or a table of values Euros) ‘Swiss Franes 0 700 30 560 780 420 270) 280 360) 440, 460 0 12.2) Let epresent te amunt vested nthe Bangs acco ar etyrpreserehe amaunt vests nthe Government son, the savings account earns 9% Imraan ears andthe tal eared is $150, 30009 "0.047 = 180, 5 : Possible Incomes of 7000 4000 Sovings account (8) Principles of Mathematics 10 Solutions Manual 13. Let x represent the registration fee andlety represent the monthiy fee. The total fee is $76 and there are five months, 60 an equation to represent this relation is x + 5y = 776. Many combinations are possible; ne is a registration fee of $425 and a monthly fee of $70 (425, 70). 14, a) Answers may vary. e.g. jee! “ecutton [conan et terances ‘eset ae [ate pooh Zeon mi Gear Reiss) 4 fanwies Rewari |ynsenu bag yoweeaee Nrocy = 24, SPE SS tery= PBB) Pane) Pals rials bb) Answers may vary, e.9., Wethod: | Advantages: | Disadvantages: | Situations To Use: ‘equation |- can be used] ~requires when af to determine | aritmeticto | exact number any values of | determine (such as one xory answer vith several ecimal places) is needed ‘able of |" shows | does ret latall”|- when Several vaues |possibo | values possible ‘combinations |..may be difficult | combinations atagiance |to see apatiem | are neaded guick’ @raph|-shows |= canbe hard |-when information | determine exact | showing Visually values intercepts of two different folatons 15. a) Answers may vary, ¢.g,, you have $4.65 in dimes ‘and quarters. b) Answers may vaty, 8... you are paid a base salary of $900 and a 2.5% commission on seles. 16. Let x represent the amount of Brazilian beans and let {yroprasent tho amount of Ethiopian beans: xs y= 150 W) tax 17y: "26 80 120160 satan bas a) 15 Lesson 1.2: Solving Linear Equations, page 18 1.2) To estimate the rental cost, | determine 500 on the - ‘The solution is = 2, b ¢) sole: Tm+2n =21 2n =21—1m n =105-35m Substitute tom +n =~10 10m-+4(105-35m) =—10 tom +42—t4m =—10 dn 2-52 m=13 Solve fr ns n= 105-3.5m n =105-35(13) n =105-455 2-35 The solution is 4) sot: Sx-2y +120 exe te2y axed By ‘Substitute: 3x-5y+7=0 Patan. = Lite 3x8 34-9] +7 #0 Sovve fory 1 3x43 ceca} a4 rate B 1s The solution is x: e) sole: Bo+2d 2d ¢ Substitute 20+5d 2e + 5-12 -1.50) 2¢~60~7.56 ~ 850 e Solve fora @=-12-150 The solution is ¢= 4, d= -6. 4) Isoiate: tay Substitute: 4 se-ayes ge 1 Fiday+2)-9y=5 Solve for x x= Dy +2. 212-13), rei Sha 2.8 5 40, Let x represent the nurber of cheques used and y Teorevent the tla amount charged. Saver Atel Trust cam he represented by y= 0.75% + 10 and Maple Leat Savings canbe ropretted ty y=x+7 To deterring the portal uhich Sove-AL0i becomes cheaper. I wil sole hs system of equations. rer cones 10 ‘The solution is x: Dan uses more than 12 cheques per month then Saver AcLot Trust charges less; ithe uses fewer than 12 cheques per month then Maple Leaf Savings charges less. Ihe uses exaclly 12 cheques then both charge the same amount. 411. Let xbe the number of grams of the 80% alloy andy ’be the numbor of grams of the 66% alloy. Together the two alloys must be 30.00 g, therefore x + y = 30.00. Also, the mixture of the two aloys must be 70% siver, therefore this equation must also be satisfied 0.8x + 0.66y = 0.730). Isolate: x= 30 ‘Substitute and sove: 0.8(30~y) + 0.66y = 20 24-0.6y+ 0.66y ~O.4ay =-3 y Salve for x Wayne needs about 8.57 g of 80% silver and about 21.43 g of 66% silver. ‘Chaptor 4: Systems of Linear Equations 12, Since Sue charges $20 per lawn and uses $1 per lawn, for each lawn she wil eam $19, Let x represent the ‘number of jawns Sue has cut, and y be the amount she has made in profits: y = 19x - 666. The break-even point is when Sue owes nothing and has made nothing, so when y= 0. y = 19x 685 0 = 192-685 10x = 665 x =35 Atthe breakceven point, Sue wi have cut 35 lawns. 19. Let x represent tne number of chalts made per day and et y represent the number af tables made per day. This solution is worked out using minutes, although ‘hours could also be used. Since both items cequire 8 rin ‘on the latne then an equation representing the time required would be 8x + 8 = 360, To rte an equation for the sander, multiply each item by the time required: 8x + 20y = 420, Isolate xin the first equation: x = 45 —y- ‘Substitute and sone: (45 ~ y) + 20y = 420 360 ~ By + 20y = 420 Solve for x x =45-y 245-5 x 240 They can bulld 40 chairs and § tables, 44, Let x represent the number of grams of soy mik per lunch and let y represent the number of grams of vegetables per lunch. Since both items contain 0,03 g of protein, an equation representing the total amount of protein would be 0.03x + 0.03y = 20. To write an equation for the amount of carbohydrates, | multiply the rhumber of grams of each item by the portion which is carbohydrates: 0.005x + D.14y = 50. Now solve the system of equations. 2000 Isolate xin the fist equation: x= 220° - ‘Substitute and solve 0,008x-+0.14y = 50 oat B22) s0.4y-m B-o00sy +0.14y osasy = He should eat about 320.988 g of soy milk and about 345.679 g of vegetables, Principles of Mathematics 10 Solutions Manual 15. Let E represent Nicole's total eamings and lat s represent her sales, The equation representing her eamings at High Tech is = 0.055 + 500 and the equation representing her earings at Best Computers is .075s + 400. To determine the point wnere Best Computers becomes the better job, | will solv thie ssystom of equations. 005s +500 =0.075s+ 400 100 = 0.0258 8 = 4000 ‘Nicole should aecopt the job at High Tech if she thinks she will make less than $4000 per wook in sales, as she wil eam more this way. Otherwise, she should ecept the job at Best Computers because she will eam more there, 16.) In he second step, she incorrectly expands ~{4x— 10) 88 ~4x — 10; itshould be ~4x + 10, When solving for y, she calculatad the value of 4(-7), but did not subtract 10, b)x=3, y=2; | substituted y= 4x~ 10 into 2x- then solved for x, then substituted x= 3 into land solved for y 17. Lot x represent the numberof nickels and y represent the number of quarters, The number of dimes Js x+y +5. The equation to represent the number of coins is x+y + (S+x+ y)=49. The equaton to represent the amaunt she has is 0.05x + 0.25) + O.10(x +y #5) = 5.20, ‘Solve for ¥: xty+(G4xty) Dus dy 248 2x =44—2y x =22-y 49 ‘Substitute and sov—e: 0.05x + 0.257 + 0.10(5 + x+y) 0.18 + 0.38y 0.15(22- y) +035) 340 +0207 0207 Now | must determine the number of dimes: dimes =5+x+y 5+15+7 227 Jonnifar has 15 nickels, 27 dimes and 7 quarters, 18. Answers may vary, €., | think this strategy is called substitution because it involves two substitutons: the fst fone to obiain an equation in only one variable, the second one fo solve for the ather variable, x+4y = 8 (equation 1) 8x 16y =3 (equation 2) x =8~ 4y (isciate x in equation 1) 3(8-4y) - tey = 3 (first substitution) ¥ =0.75 (solve for y) x = 8~ 4(0.75) (secand substitution) x =5 (solve forx) 49, Letx ropresent the amount Marko invested in bonds and y he amount he depositad ina savings account. ‘The amount he invesied in stocks i 4. All of his investments combined must add to $300 000, 0 x+y+4y = 300 000, Theie combined intorost must add to $95 600, so 0.15(4y) + 0.10% + 0.04y = 35 600. Isolate x: x= 306 000 Sy Substitute and solve: 0.64y + 0.10x = 35 600 0.64y + 0.10(300 000 ~ 5y) = 35 600 0.64y + 30 000 - 0.5y = 35 600 o.tdy = 5600 y =40 000 Solve for x x = 300 000-5y x = 300 000 ~5(40 000) 400.000 Investment in stocks: 4y = 4(40 000) 4y = 160.000 Marko invested $160 000 in stocks, $100 000 in bonds. ‘and $40 000 in @ savings account. Lesson 1.5: Equivalent Linear Systems, page 46 4. a) The equations are (iyx-3 (2) 2+ ‘Adding equations (1) and (2) gives: Be=2y=-3 Subtracting equation (2) from equation (1) gives: bb) The equations are Q)x-y=2 (Q)axt3y=19 ‘Adding equations (1) and (2) gives: ax+2y=21 Subtracting equation (2) from equation (1) gives: a= dy=-17 ¢) The aquations are (yaxey=3 Q)x-2y=8 Adding equations (1) and (2) gives: 4x-y= 11 ‘Subtracting equation (2) from equation (1) gives: 2x+ay=-5 4) The equations are: (ax +2 Q)—x- 2y=-4 ‘Adding equations (1) and (2) gives: 3 ‘Subtracting equation (2) from equation (1) gives: bx dy= 12 2.) i) The equations ae: ()x-3y=2 (2)2x+y=-5 Rearrange equation (2) 0 isolate y. B)y= 2-5 1.20 Supstitute equation (3) into equation (1) and solve for x The solution to this system is 13 0) Rerreary, fi) The equations are: (2)2x+ay=19 Rearrange equation (1) fo isolate y By: Substitute equation (3) into equation (2) and solve for x. 2x+S(x-2) = 18 2x88 Be Substitute this value into equation (8) to solve for y. y xn? y =()-2 3 y ‘The solution to this systems (5, 3} Ii) The equations are: ()axey=3 (2)x-2y=8 Rearrange equation (1) to isolate y. @)y= 3x43 Substitute equation (3) info equation (2) and soive for x x= 23443) x+ 6x6 ax 214 ‘Substitute this value into equation (3) to solve for y. y 3x43 32) +3 y =-843 3 y “The solution to this system is ( Iv) The equations are: (4x42 2)-x-2y=-4 Rearrange equation (1) to isolate y ys enh Chapter 1: Systoms of Linear Equations Substitute equation (3) into equation (2) and solve for x. ax-2y 4 HX- 22K 4A aera ‘Substitute this value into equation (3) to solve for y. rae) 3) +4 The slatonto tis system i 3) 8 ) ne solution for the wn cree anne (-! ‘original system, saisfies the equations in the new system, The equations ae (A) 3x 2y=-3 (8) -x-4y=7 Equation (4 LS =3x-2y o- 39 7 RSa-3 Ls=RS ‘Therefore, this point satisfies equation (A). Equation (8) LS=-x-4y 3 Principles of Mathematics 19 Solutions Manual Check whether (5,3), the solution for the original system, satisfies the equations in the new system, The equations are: (A) 3x4 2y=2t (B)-x-4y Equation (A) tS =RS ‘Therefore, this point satisfies equation (A) Equation @)) 1S =-x=4y =+15)~ 403) + ‘Therefore, this point aso satisfies Equation (B). (5, 2)is the solution tothe new system as well. ii) Check whether 2,3), te solution forthe eriginal system, satisfies the equations inthe new system. The equations are Waxmy Equation (A): ts =ax-y (2) — (~3) +3 1 (8) 2x +3) ‘Therefore, this point salisties Equation (A) Equation (8): ‘Therefore, this point also satisfies Equation (B).(2.~3) is the solution to the new system as wel 1W) Check whether ( 3) the solution for the original system, satisfies the equalions in the new system, The equations are: (A) (@) 8x4 ay= 12 Equaton (A 1s Rs. Ls=RS Therefore, this point satisfies Equation (A) 124 Equation (B): 20,18 Hae # 3 2 2 is-Rs 44 Therelore, tis point also satisfies Equation (8) (§ 4 isthe solution to the new system as wel 3.2) The lines intersect at (4, 1); £0, tis the soktion to he linear system b) The equations are: (hx-2y=6 )ax+dy=5 Adding equations (1) and (2) gives: (3)3x+y=14 ‘Subtracing equation (2 from equation (1) gies: (a)-x—8y=1 ¢) Equation (3): Us arty =o) 2-4 1 RS =1t Ls = RS ‘Therefore, this point satisfies equation (3). ‘Equation (4): nx 5y == 5-1) LS =RS “Therefore, this point also satisfes equation (4). (4,~1) is ‘the olution tothe new eystem as well. The new systam and the original system are equivalent 4. Forexample, 2) Multiply the equation for the blue line by 3, producing: Bx-6y= 18. b) xintercept Lety=0. 3i-6(0) 2 yintercest: Letx= 0. 3(0)-6y y ¥ These iniercepts are the same as those on the graph in question 2. itis the same line, 422 ©) Muitigy the equation for the red fine by 5, producing tox + 15; seintercept intercept lety=0 etx =o: 10x+ 15(0)=25 10(0}4 15y = 25, 10x=25 wy =25 5 5 2 Hes: These intercepts are the same as those on the graph in question 3, It's the same ine. 5. a) The equations are: (axe Q)x-2y=—1t Rearrange equation (1) to isolate y. @)y=-4xe4 Substitute equation (8) into equation (2) and solve for x. Xn Dede et) ott x 8x-2 2-11 9% =-8 ket Substitute this value into equation (2) to solve for y. x4 y =—iC4y+t yrant yes ‘Thetefore, the soion to this ear system is (-1, 9). bb) Adding equations (1) and (2) gives (4)5x-y=-10 ‘Subtracting equation (2} from equation (1) gives: (8) 3x4 3y=12 €) Check whaler (1,5), the solution forthe original fystem, satisfies the equations inthe new system Equation (4y: LS =5x-y 51) (6) “5-5 a0 RS =10 LS =RS Therefore, this point satisfies equation (4), Equation (6): Ls =3x+3y 3(-1) +38) 3418 12 12 1S =RS This point also satisfies equation (5). Thus, (1, 5) is the solution to the new system as wel. 6. a) The original equations are: we 2y=2 w2x~y= 5 Mutipying the frst by 9 gives (1) 3x46) Muttplying the sacond by 2 gives: (2)~4x~2y = 10 1) Adding equations (1) and (2) gives: (@)—x+ 4y= 16 Subtracting equation (2) from equation (1) gives: (A) Tx By =H Chaptor 1: Systems of Linear Equations €¢) Graphing equations (1) through (4) produces the ‘lowing: Alllines intersect at the same point. The two systems are equivalent. 7.) The equations are: (1) 204+ 5y=2 (2) x-ay=-2 Rearrange equation (1) to isola y. 2.2 Oy Bad Substitute equation (3) into equation (2) and solve for x The solution to this linear system is (4,2) b) Multiplying equation (1} by ~3 gives: (4) 8x~ 15y=-5 Mutiply equation (2) by -5 gives: ()-5x+ 15y= 10 ©) Adding equations (4) and (6) gives: @)x=4 Subtracting equation (5) from equation (4) gives: 7) 11x~30y=—16 16) Check whether (4, 2), the solution forthe original systom, satisfies the equations in the new system, Equation (6) LS = RS This point satisfies equation (6) Principles of Mathematics 10 Solutions Manual Equation 7}: US = 1tx~soy = 146) 30(2) =44~60 ‘his point also satisfies equation (7), Thus, (4,2)}s the solution to the new system as well. The two systems are equivalent. 8, a) For example, it would not affect the graph because dividing by a non-zero constants the same as multiplying by ts reciprocal. b) The equations are (3) 3x~3y=6 (2)Bx+ 4y=4 To graph, determine the intercepts and yintercepts. Equation (1): Equation (2) yntercopt: Let intercept: Let x= 0, 3(0)-3y =8 80) + 4y -3y 26 y 2-2 y intercept: Lety = 0. xintercept: Lety 3x~3(0) ‘8x+ 40) ‘The graphs of the two equations intersect at (1,1): 0, this s the solution to this linear system, ¢) Dividing equation (1) by 8 gives: @)x-y=2 Dividing equation (2} by 4 gives: @)2xry To graph, determine the «intercepts and yintercepis. Equation (3): Equation (4) yeintercept: Let x= 0, intercept: Letx= 0, O)-y 22 Bry 1 4 y xintorcept: Lely = 0. y intercept: Let ‘ony The graphs of the new equations are exactly the same ‘The solution to this nevr system is (1,1) as well 4) Adding equations (3) and (4) oives: 1 ‘Subtracting equation (4) from equation (3) gives: (6)-x-2y=1 123 1) Check whether (1, ~1), the solution for the original system, satisfies the equations in the new system. Equation (5) LS = RS This point satisfies equation (6). Equation (6) Ls =Rs This point also satisfies equation (6). Thus, (1, =1)s the solution to the new system as well. The two systems are equivalent 9. a) The equations are: (haxey (2) 2x-3y=-5 Rearrange equation (1) to isolate y. Biy=—de+ 4 Substitute equation (2) ito equation (2) and solve for x. 2x-3-4x+4)=-5 2x#12x-12: 2 'b) Substitute the solution into both sides ofthis equation to see if it ls satisfied Ls=2x+ty af} +109) wD Te soliton tots system i (3,2) 2. satisfies the equation. } 124 ¢) Ifa times equation (1) added to b tmes equation (2) ‘gives 2x + 11y = 23, then a times the coefficient of xin ‘equation (1) added to b times the coefficient of x in equation (2) gives 2, the coefficient of x in the resulting ‘equation. Similar statements can be made to relate the coefficients of y and the constants in he three equations. ‘These rolationships can be summarized using the folowing three near relations. (4)4a+2b=2 ()a~36 (6)4a—Sb=23 Use substitution on equations (4) and (5) to solve for @ and 0, Rearrange equation (8) to isolate 2 (Qassbeit ‘Substitute equation (7) into equation (4) and soive for b, 4(3b 411) + 2b 2b +44 + 2b 4b ="42 b=3 ‘Substitute this value Into equation (7) fo solve for a. a=3pett a =3(-3)411 a soe itis likely that @ = 2 and 6 = ~3, Check that these values, satisfy equation (6) as well, in case there is actualy no solution LS =4a~5b = 4@)~ 5-3) a1 23 US =RS These values also satisfy equation (6). Thus, a pees 10, For exemple, a) The orginal equations are (a-aye5 x ‘Ald equations (1) and (2) ()2x-sy=8 Subtract equaton (2) from equation (1). (4x 5y=-3 Equations (3) and (4) form new system Mulily equation (1) by 2 B)6x—By= Wty Equation (2) by 1 (yx y=-6 Equations (5) and (6) form another new esto. 1) Solve tho ornel system using the matnod of aubsttution. Rearrange equation (2)t0 Soi y (y= -x-6 ‘Substitute equation (7) into equation (1) and solve for x. 3x-4bx-6) =8 Setar t24 =3 and Chapter 1: Systoms of Linear Equations. So, (-3, 3} is the solution to the original system. Verify ‘that it's the solution to the other systems by confrriing that it satisfies their equations, Equation (3): Equation (4): Us =2x~sy LS =4x—3y {-3)— 8{-3) =4(-3)- 3-3) B15 29 RS =9 Ls =RS LS =RS This point satsfice ‘This point also satisfies equation (3), ‘equation (4). So, (-3,~3) is the solution to the fst new system as well, The tno systems are equivalent Equation 5): Ls =x-ay 5-3) ~ af-3) 18 +24 RS =6 Ls =RS ‘This point satsties equation (5). Equaton (6): LS =RS ‘This point aiso satisfies equation (6). $0, (-3,-2)s the solution to the second new systom as well All three systems have the seme solution. They are equivalent, 11. For example, 48) Adding the two equations wit eliminate the y term from the resulting equivalent equation, allowing you to solve for x. Similarly, subtracting the two equations wit inate the x term, allowing you to solve for y. 'b) Create a pair of equations that have a common term ‘on one coefficient, but of opposite sign. This term wil be eliminated when the equations are added. For example, 4x~3y= 10 wax 2y=3 ¢} Create a pair of equations that have 2 common term ‘on one coefficient. This term will be eliminated when the ‘equations are subtracted. For example, ax-3y= 10 Tx 3y= 12 42. Adding the equations gives: (4x2 12 Subtrecting the second equation from the fist gives: @)ey=4 ‘Solve these equations to determine the scluton fo the system. rremiontoisrsons 4-2) Principles of Mathematics 10 Solutions Manual 13. a) Let x represent the greater of the numbers, end let {y tepresent the lesser, The question provides the Tollowing relationships, (xe y233 (2)x-y=57 'b) Adding equations (1) ard (2) gives: (3)2x = 90 ‘Subtracting equation (2) from equation (1) gives: (4) 2y=-24 Equations (3) and (4) form an equivalent system, 2x =90 x45 ay = 24 y 2-12 The greater number ic 45, and the lesser number is ~12. 414. a) Let x represent the number of guests who ordered the chicken dinner, and y represent tie number of quests who otdered the fish dinner. The total number of guests, who ordered their dinners in advance is 200: (1)x+ y= 200 Ifeach chicken dinner costs §20, than 20x reprosents the bill for chicken dinners. Similarly, 18y represents the bill for fish dinners. The total bil is $3880. Therefore: (2) 20x + 1ay= 3880 These two linear equations form a system, b) Mutipiying the guest equation equation (1) by 20, ‘gives: (3) 20% + 20y = 4000 ‘Subtracting the cost equalion equation (2) from equation (G)gives: (4)2y= 120 Equations (3) and (4) form an equivalent system ) Solve equation (4) to determine the vaiue of y. 2y = 120 y =60 Substitute this Value into equation (3) to solve for x. 20x +207 = 4000 ‘The guests ordered 140 chicken dinners and 60 fsh dinners. 15. a) In system C, x=-2 and y=—4, These values must satisfy the equations for the ather systems in order for these systoms to be equivelent. Check whether the equations are satisfied, System A: First equation LS =3x~2y = 30-2) - 2-4) 548 RS Ls =RS The first equation is satisfied Second equation: LS =-10x+ay 425 ‘The second equation is satisfied as well, Systems A and Cohave the same solution; s0, they are equivalent systems, System B: First equation: ts. Tey ATR) + (8) 4-4 US =RS ‘Tho frst equation is satisfied. ‘Second equation: is = 13x-5y = 13(-2)—5(-4) =-26 +20 6 ‘The second equation f satisfied as wel. Systoms A, 8, and C al have the same solution; so, they are equivalent systems, 1) For exemple, mutply te frst equations in both systems A'and B by 2 ox-4 Sar ay=20 Systems A and B were equivalent so, he frst equations in each system were also equvaient Mulipling each of these equstons by 2 o generate the equations above produces yot anoter equivalent system, 98 required {6.For example, a) Equivalent systems of near equations are ones which have tre same soition, The seme values wil satsty a oftheir equations, and thei grepns wal intersect st the same pont b) You ean ade thom, subtract them, or multiply ether one by a nonzero constant. ¢) This can sometimes help solve the orginal system by Canceling out one of he variables 17. a) The equations are: (yx ay=—22 ax-y=t Hhutty @quation (2) by £ to make he coefcients of y ‘qual, but of opposite sign (hare ay ‘add equatens (1) and (810 eliminate the yterm. (a)ox=—18 Simla, muitiply equation (1) by 2% make the coetilonts of x equal (@)2x-ay=—08 Subtract equation (2) from equation (6) 10 eliminate the x tem (6)-8y=—45 Equations (4) end (6) frm an equivatnt system. Sohe these equations to soWve the orginal system ox = 18 x2 By 288 5 y ‘The solution to this system s -2, 5) 4.26 b) The equations are: (1) 3x 4y= 90 (2) 2x + 5y=-26 Mutiny equation (1) by 5, and equation (2) by 4to make the coeticints of y equal, but of apposite sigh (3) 15+~ 20y = 150 (4) 8x + 20y =-104 Ak equations (3) and (@) 0 eliminate the y tem. (5) 23x = 46 Simialy, multiply equation (1) by 2, and equation (2) by 3'to make the coetfeents of x eau Ber~8y=60 Were ty 78 ‘Suotract equation (7) from equation (6) to eliminate the x term, (@)-23y= 138 Equations (5) and (8) form an equivalent system. Solve these equations to solve the origina system, 23x y “The solution to this system is (2, 6). 48.) No. The equations are ()2e+y=7 (2)8x+ 4y=28 To eliminate a variable, atleast ono oquation must be ‘muttplied such thatthe coeffiens in front of one variable are either the same or opposites. Attempting to ‘multiply one of these equations to salisfy this condition resuls in both equations being identical, however. For instance, multipy equation (1) by 4 (9) 8x 4y=28 ‘Tho coetficionts of both variables are the seme. When ‘equation (2) is subtracted from equation (3), both x and y {aims are eliminated, and the resus (jo=0 ‘There are no variabies in this equation. Any equivalent system wil have equations with either O or 2 vaiabies. »b) Equation (4) suggests that this system nas @ solution whenever 0 = 0. This is slays tue; 50, the system has infinite solutions ¢) fa near system has infinite solufons, it means that the tines mast intersect atifintely many points. Ths is only tue f the ines are the same (they are ovortapping) 419. No. The equations are: ()2ety=7 (Q)ax+4y= 10 To eiminate a variable, atleast one equation mist be ‘multied such thal the coeficients in front of one variabe are ether the same or opposites. Aitempting to rrultply one ofthese equations io setsty this condition reculs inthe coefficients of both variables being Identical. Forinstance, mutiply equation (1) by 4 @)ae+ ay = 28 ‘The coeffcians of both variables are the same. When ‘equation (2)is subtracted from equation (3), both the x and y terms are eminsted, and the rosuk is @o=18 ‘There are no variables in this equation, Any equivalent systom will ave equations with either 0 or 2 variabies, Chapter 4: Systems of Linear Equations. b) Equation (4) suggests that this system has a solution whenever 0 = 18. This is never tue, however, so, the system has no solutions. ¢) Ifa system has no solutions, it means thatthe lines ‘can never intersect. This is only tue ifthe lines are parallel, but not the same (same slope, different intercept) Lesson 1.6: Solving Linear Systems, page 54 4. a) Subtract, since the left sides share a +y term. b) Subtract, since the left sides share a ~2y term. ©) Subtract, since the left sides share a +4x term, d) Ada, since the left sides share Sy torms of opposite sign, 2. a) Multiply equation (1) by 3 and equation (2) by 4 to create common +12x terme on the left sides. Subtract, ‘one equation from the other to eliminate these terms. b) Subtract one equation from the other, since the left sides share a +4x torn, 3. Let « represent the hourly rate for the welder, and y represent ine hourly rate for the apprentice. Then, the following linear relations express what is known about their eamings (1) 3x+ 5y= 175, (2) 7+ By= 346 Muttiply equation (1) by 8 and equation (2) by 6 (3) 24x + doy = 1400 (6) 35x + 40y = 1730 Subtract equation (3) trom equation (4) and solve for x Vix = 380 x 530 ‘Substitute this value into equation (1) to solve for y 3x + Sy (80) + 5y 90+ 5y by y ‘The weldar ears $30h, and the apprentice eams $17/h, 4a) Mutply equation (1} by 2 and equation (2) by 1, such thatthe left sides share 4y terms of opposita sign, b) Multiply equation (1) by B and equation (2) by 7, such that the left sides share Sey terms of opposite sign. <¢) Multiply equation (1) by 5 and equation (2) by'3, such that the loft sides share +15y toms, 4d) Mutiply equation (1) by 1 and equation (2) by 2, such that the lef sides share 4y terms of opposite sign, 5. a) Multiply equation (1) by 3 and equation (2) by 4, such that the left sides share +12x terms, 'b) Multiply equation (1) by 5 and equation (2) by 3, such that the left sides share +15x terns. <) Multiply equation (1) by 1 and equation (2) by 2, such that the left sides share 4x tarms of opposite sign, 4) Muliply equation (1) by 1 and equation (2) by 3, such that the left sides share +9x terms, 6. a) The equations are: C)3x+y=-2 Q)x-y=-6 ‘Add equations (1) and (2) and solve for x. ax 2-8 2 Principles of Mathematics 10 Solutions Manual Substitute this value into equation (2) o salve for y. y The solution fo this systems (2,4) b) The equations are: ()xssy=1 (2) 2x+3y=9 Multiply equation (1) by 2. @)2x+ 10y Subtract equation (2) from equation (9). Ty == yet Substitute this value into equation (1) to solve for x. x51) x5 The solution to this system is (6, -1). ¢) The equations are: ()ax-y=5 Q)—5x+2y=—1 Mutiply equation (1) by 2. @) 8x~ 2y= 10 ‘Add equations (2) and (3) and solve for x. 3x 29 x3 Substitute this value into equation (1) to sclve for y. y The solution to this system's (8, 7) 4) The equations are: (1) 2x 8y=-2 (@)3x-y=05 Multiply equation (2) by 3, @)9x-3y=15 Subtract equation (1) from equation (3) and solve for x. Tx =35 x 205 Substitute this value into equation (2) to solve for y. y ‘The solution to this system is (0.5, 1). ) The equations are: (1)3x~ 2y=~39 ()x+3y=31 Multiply equation (2) by 3 (8) 8x 9y= 83 Subtract equation (1) from equation (8) and solve for y ty = 132 2 127 ‘Substitute this value into equation (2) to solve for x. x+ 36 ‘The solution to this system is (-5, 12). 4) The equations are: (1) x-y=-38 (2)4x+3y=76 Mutiply equation (1) by 3 (@) 18x ~ 32-114 ‘Add equations (2) and (3). 19x =-38 x = 02 Substitute this value into equation (1) to solve for y. Se-y =-38 5(-0.2)-7 any y y The solution to this system is -0.2,28). 7. The equations are (iat Bye (2)4x= ‘Mutiply equation (2) by 3 (3) 12-3 = 66 ‘Add equations (1) and (3) and solve for x. 13x = 65 Substitute hs value into equation (2) fo soWve for y. ‘ae-y 4(8)-y 20-y in 80, (5,~2) the point of intersection for these two tines. To verly, check that this point satisfies both equations. Equation (1) Ls =x+3y (6) +32) 5-6 e-t RS =-1 is =RS ‘This point satisfies equation (1). Equation 2): tS =4e~y (5) = (2) 202 22 RS =22 Us =RS ‘This point aso satisfies equation (2). So, (6, -2)s the point of intersection, since it satisfies bot equations, meaning itis common to both lines, This assertion can elso be verified by graphing. 128 yearn Rey ap This graph shows that the point of intersection is (5, ~2). 8. a) Let x represent the distance walked by Lor, and y tepresent the distance walked by Nicholas. They walked ‘total of 72.7 km, 60 (yxty=Tar ‘Also, Lori walked 8.9 km farther than Nicholas, so: (Q)x-y=89) 'b) Add equations (1) and (2) and solve for x 2x = 816 x =408 Substitute this value Into equation (2) to solve for y. y =319 Lori walked 40.8 km, and Nicholas walked 31.9 km. 9. a) Lat/ represent the length, and let w represent the width, The total perimeter Is 54 m, so: (1) 214 20 = 54 Also, the diflerence between the length and width is 9m. ‘The length is longer, so (2) /-w= 8 'b) Mutply equation (2) by 2 (@)21-2w= 18 ‘Add equations (1) and (3) and solve fork 4) 572 1=t8 Substitute this value info equation {2) 0 solve for w: Tew 29) (18)-w = w=9 ‘The court has a length of 18 m and a width of 9 m. 40, Letx represent the grams of chocolate that is 99% cobca, and y represent the grams of chocolate that is 70% cocoa, Rolf needs a tolal of §00 g of chocolate, and so: (1) x+y = 500 Ifthe chocolate required for the recipe is 86% cocoa, then It has 0.86 x 500 = 430 g of cocoa iolal. The mass ‘of eacoa from the 99% cocoa chocolate is 0.98x, and the mass of cocoa fram the 70% cocoa chocolate i 0.70y. So (2) 0.99x + 0.70y = 430 Multiply equation (1) by 0.99. (3) 0.99x + 0.99y = 495 Subtact equation (2) from equation (3) and solve for y. O2%y = 65 y = 224 Put this value into equation (1) to solve for x xty = 500 x4 (224) = 00 x = 276 Rolf needs about 276 9 of chocolate that is 98% cocoa, ‘and about 224 g of chocolale that is 70% cocoa for his 186% cacoa blend. Chapter 1: Systems of Linear Equations 11.2) The equations are: (axe Ty=23 (2)6x-5y=—12, ‘Multiply equation (1) by 6, and multiply equation (2) by 7. (3) 200+ 35y= 115 (4) 42x— 38y = -24 ‘Add equations (3) and (4) and solve for x 62x = 31 x =05 Substtute this value into equation (1) to solve for y. 4xeTy =23 405) + 7y =23 2+7y ved ‘The lines intersect at (0.5, 3). Verify this by checking whether this point satisfies the equations for each line, Equation (1) LS =4x+7y 4(0.5)+ 708) 22421 23 Rs =23 Ls =Rs ‘This point satisfies equation (1). Equation (2) US =6x-~5y 8(0.5) ~5(3) 3~15 =12 RS ==12 Ls =RS ‘The point also satisties equation (2), So, (0.5, 2) is the point of intersection since it satisfies both equations, b) Tho equations are xy ; 2 xy @5-%a3 Multiply equation (1) by 88, and multiply equation (2) by 16. (Q) 8x~ tty=-176 (8) Bx~4y=48 ‘Subtract equation (8) from equation (4) and solve for y. Ty = 226 y 232 ‘Substitute this value into equation (4) to solve for x. x =22 ‘The fines intersect at (22, 32). Verify this by checking “ubether this point sates the equation for each line, Principtes of Mathematics 10 Solutions Manual Equation (1) xy we (22) (32) Ee 4 2 RS=-2 LseRs This point satisfies equation (1) Equation (2): is= The point also satisfies equation (2). Since it satisfies bot equations, (22, 32) isthe point of intersection, ©) The equations are: (1)05x-03y=15 @)02x-o.y=07 Multiply equation (2) by 2. @)06r-03; Subtract equation (1) from equation (8) and solve for x. Otx =06 x Substitute this value into equation (2) to solve for y. 0.2x- Oy =07 02(6)-o.1y 12-0.1y ory oy y 25 ‘The tines intersect at (8,8). Verity his by checking \whetner this point satisfies the equation for each line Equation (1) US =05¢—0.3y 516)~ 0.315) 3215 45 RS =15 Us =RS “This point satisfies equation (1), Equation (2) 2e-O.ty 216)— 0.118) =12-05 o7 7 RS ‘The point also sists equation (2). Sines it satsfies both equations, (6,5) 's the point of itarsaction, 429 dd) The equations are: () f-y=7 23 2°72 ‘Multiply equation (1) by 2, and muitiply equation (2) by 20. (axe (3) x- t0y= 14 (4) 60x + 1oy= 230 ‘Add aquations (3) and (4) and solve for x. Gtx = 244 nad Substitute this value into equation (8) to solve for y. x~10y = 14 (4)= toy = 14 toy =4—14 toy =-10 4 y The lines intersect at (4,~1). Vorify this by checking whether this point satis the equation for each tine Equation (1) RS-7 LS=RS ‘This point satisties equation (1). Equation (2): ¥ Lsasx4X 2 LS=RS So, the point also satisfies equation (2). Since it eatifies both equations, (4, ~1) is the point of intersection. €@) The equations are: (1) Bx— tay @) 13x 8y= 16 Multiply equation (1) by 3, and muitily equation (2) by 4. G) 18x ~ 38y=3 (4) 62x+ 36y= 64 ‘Add equations (3) and (4) and solve for x. 67x = 87 xt 130 Subsiiute this value into equation (1) to salve for y. ‘whether this point satisfies the equation for each line, Equation (1) LS=RS This point satisfies equation (1) Equation (2) LS 13x97 =rai9-9( 3} 21953 =16 RS=16 LS=RS ‘The point aso satisfies equation (2}. Since it satisfies execs [3] american 4) The equations are: @) $-ty+9)=0 ‘Multiply equation (1) by 9, and multiply equation (2) by 2, Q)x+3y-3) x= 2y+9) ‘Subtract equation (4) from equation (8) and solve for y. By-3)+2y+9) =9 3y-9+2y+18 =o By = =o Substitute this value into equation (3) to solve for x. x4 3y-3) =o x+9{0)-3) =9 x-9 =9 x18 ‘The lines intersect at (18, 0). Verify this by checking whether this point satisfies the equation for each line Chapter 1: Systems of Linear Equations Equation (1); LS=Rs ‘This point satisfies equation (1) Equation (2): x Ls 2-(y+9) 18 -B-0+9) “The point also satisfies equstion (2). Since it satisfies ‘both equations, (18, 0) is the point of intersection. 42. Let x represent ne grams of mandarin oranges, and {represent the grams of tomatoes. Than, 0.26% represents the miligrams of vitamin C from oranges, and 0.13y represents the miligrams of vitamin C from tomatoes. Aleo, 0.13x represents the miligrams of vitamin from oranges, and 0.42y represents the mligrams of vitamin A from tomatoes. If there are to be 43 mg of vitamin C and 20.7 mg of vitamin A, then: (1) 0.26x+0.13y= 13 (2)0.13x40.42y= 207 Multiply equaten (2) by 2, G3) 0.26x+0.84y= 41.4 Subtract equation (1) from equation (8) and solve for y. ory =284 y 240 Substitute this value into equation (1) to solve for x 0.26x +0.13y = 13 0.26x + 0.13(40) = 13, 0.26x* 52 0.28x 30 g of mandarin oranges and 40 g of tomatoes have the necessary amounts ofvitemin A and vitamin C. 413, Let x roprosent the amount of time Cari spent running on tals, and y represent the amount of ime Carl ‘spent running on rough terrain, Then 10x represents the distance Carl ran on trails, since he runs at 10 km/h on trails, Also, 5y represents the distance Car ran on rough ferain, since he runs at 5 krnfh on. rough terrain, Ife ran 42kmin 1.5 h, then: (xt y=18" @) 10e+ by Matpiy equation (1) by 10. (8) 10x + 10y= 15 ‘Subiract equation (2) rom equation (8) and solve fo y By =3 3 5 2 Principles of Mathematics 10 Solutions Manual Can spent 2 ofan nour runing on rough toain. The {question asked how far he ran.so muliply te time by the speed he was going: Skmvh vl 23 Carl ran 3 km on rough terran ‘14. Letx represent one numerator, and fat y represent the other. The question gives two equations. oe Osten y a 444-3 To eliminate the fractions ané the y terms, multoly equation (1) by 48 and equation (2) by 36. @) tex + 12y= 68 G) tay + 8r= 58 Subtract equation (4) from equation (3) Te = 14 x=2 ‘Substitute this value Into equation (8) © solve for. “ay +9x = 58 12y+9(2) = 54 tay+ 18 = 58 y Therefore x= 2, and y= 3. Then, the two original 2 ana 3 fractions are 2 and 3 since these are the two that ae 7 mustsumto 2 2 415. Let x represent the amount of money that the students placed in a savings account, and let y represent ‘ne amount of money the students piaced in a {goverment bond. They invested a total of $6500, so’ ()x+ y= 6500 Ir the savings account has 2 39% interest rate, then the interest earned irom the money placed there is 0.03% ‘efter one year. Similarly, the money placed in the ‘government bond accumulates 0.04y of interest. The {otal eamed was $235, so: (2) 0.03x + 0,0ay = 235 ‘Multiply equation (1) by 0.04. (8) 0.04x + 0.04y = 260 ‘Subtract equation (2) from equation (3) and solve far x 01x = 25 x = 2500 Substitute this value into equation (1) to solve for y. xy =6500 (2500)+y = 8500 y = 4000 The students invested $2500 al the 3% interest rate and $4000 at the 4% interest rate. 131 16.2) Let xrepresent tho numberof students who ordered chicken, and lt y represent the number of students whe ordered pasta. There are 260 sluents in total 0: (1) x y= 240 Chicken dinners cost $12 each, soi x students ordered chicken dinners, the cost is 12x. Similar, the cost for pasta dinners is By. The total cast is $2100, so: (2) 120+ 8y = 2100 Matiply equation (1) by 8 (8) 8x By= 1920 Subtract equation (9) from equation (2) and solve for x x= 180 245 Thorefor, 45 studants ordered chicken diane. »b) Substitute the value of x info equation (1) to solve for y xty #240 (45) +y = 240 y = 195 ‘Therefore, 195 students ordered pasta dinners. 17, a) Rows, columns, and diagonals must sum to the ‘same amount. So, from the first row and first column of the frst square: 16+ 2+B= 16 +A +8. Simpify to ()B-A: From th fist row and fist column af the second square: A as Bet A 2) 3-B=-9 bb) Ad equations (1) and (2) and solve for A. A= A=6 Substitute this value into equation (1) to solve for B. B-A=6 B-(@) =5 B=12 Therefore, A= 6 and B= 12, 18. Answers may vary, @.6, eliminating a variable means creating an equation with the same soiution which has fone less variable than the original system, To eliminate 3 variable from 8 system, choose one variable, and

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