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Numbers Addition Multiplication Field: Row Vectors Column Vectors Square Matrix Infinite Matrix Empty Matrix

A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers or other mathematical objects where operations like addition and multiplication are defined. It consists of rows and columns, with the entries at each intersection called elements. The size of a matrix is defined by the number of rows and columns, with an m×n matrix having m rows and n columns. Special types of matrices include row vectors, column vectors, and square matrices which have the same number of rows and columns.

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30 views2 pages

Numbers Addition Multiplication Field: Row Vectors Column Vectors Square Matrix Infinite Matrix Empty Matrix

A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers or other mathematical objects where operations like addition and multiplication are defined. It consists of rows and columns, with the entries at each intersection called elements. The size of a matrix is defined by the number of rows and columns, with an m×n matrix having m rows and n columns. Special types of matrices include row vectors, column vectors, and square matrices which have the same number of rows and columns.

Uploaded by

eminasal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Definition[edit]

A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers or other mathematical objects, for which operations
such as addition and multiplication are defined.[5] Most commonly, a matrix over afield F is a
rectangular array of scalars from F.[6][7] Most of this article focuses on real and complex matrices,
i.e., matrices whose elements are real numbers or complex numbers, respectively. More general
types of entries are discussed below. For instance, this is a real matrix:

The numbers, symbols or expressions in the matrix are called its entries or its elements. The
horizontal and vertical lines of entries in a matrix are called rows and columns, respectively.

Size[edit]
The size of a matrix is defined by the number of rows and columns that it contains. A matrix
with m rows and n columns is called an m n matrix or m-by-n matrix, while m and nare
called its dimensions. For example, the matrix A above is a 3 2 matrix.
Matrices which have a single row are called row vectors, and those which have a single
column are called column vectors. A matrix which has the same number of rows and columns
is called a square matrix. A matrix with an infinite number of rows or columns (or both) is
called an infinite matrix. In some contexts, such as computer algebra programs, it is useful to
consider a matrix with no rows or no columns, called an empty matrix.

Name

Row
vector

Column
vector

Size

1n

n1

Example

Description

A matrix with one row, sometimes used to represent a


vector

A matrix with one column, sometimes used to represent a


vector

A matrix with the same number of rows and columns,


Square
matrix

nn

sometimes used to represent a linear transformation from a


vector space to itself, such as reflection, rotation,
or shearing.

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