114 Ae physus C Physics C: Mechanics 2009 Mechanics M.-C. ‘TABLE OF INFORMATION FOR 2008 and 2009 ‘CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS Proton mass, mi, = 1.67% 10777 kg. Electron charge magnitude, ¢ = 1.60x 10°" C Neutron mass. 1 67 x 1077 kg I electron volt, 1 eV = 1.60x 10" J Electron mass, m, = 9.11107" kg Speed of light, = 3.00 x 10" m/s Avogadro's number, Ny = 6.02 x 10?" mot"! Universal gravitational = 6.67 10-1) m3/kgas? consta Univeral gascomstan, R= 8.31 Holi) | Assertion duefogaviy 5 gg w/t Boltzmann's constant, ky = 1.38 x107°J/K 1 unified atomic mass unit, Tu = 1.66 x 1077 kg = 931 MeV/c? Planck's constant, = 6.63 x10™ Jos = 4,14 x 107" V6 dc = 1,99 x 10 Jam = 1.24 x 10" eV-nm Vacuum permitivity, ey = 885 x 107! C2/Nam? Coulomb's law constant, k = 1/4ie, = 9.0 x 10° Nem?/C? Vacuum permeability. My = 4x 107 (Tomy Magnetic constant, k’ = lp/4x = 1077 (Tam)/A 1 atmosphere pressure, Latm = 1.0 x 10° N/m? = 1.0 x 10° Pa meter, m | mole, mol | walt, WwW farad, F kilogram, kg | hertz, Hx | coulomb, = C tesla, T oy NN g | second, | newton, N volt, V | degree Celsius, °C SYMBOLS ampere, A | pascal, Pa ohm, Q | clectron-vol, eV kelvin. _K | joule. J henry. H PREFIXES VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FOR COMMON ANGLI Factor Prefix Symbol @ oe | Ww - sx_| oo" | oo" 10” giga G sind 0 2 v2/2_|_ 4/5 | 3/2 1 10° megn = M coo | 1 | 3/2 EE EG 10° kilo k tan 0 43/3 1 4/3 BB 0. 10? centi c = 5 ‘The following conventions are used in this exam. 10 on a 1. Unless otherwise stated, the frame of reference of any problem is to* — micro yt assumed to be inertial a IL. The direction of any electric current is the direction of flow of positive Ww ed charge (conventional current) 10"? __ pico Pp TIL. For any isolated electric charge, the electric potential is defined as zero at an infinite distance from the charge.Physics C: Mechanics PHYSICS C: MECHANICS SECTION Time—45 minutes 35 Questions Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. Note: To simplify calculations, you may use g = [0m/s? in all problems, Questions 1-2 Starting from rest, a vehicle accelerates on a straight level road at the rate of 4.0 m/s? for 5.0. 1. What is the speed of the vehicle at the end of this time interval? (A) 13m (B) 10 ms (©) 20ms (D) 80ms (E) 100 mvs 2, What is the total distance the vehicle travels during this time interval? (A) 10m (B) 20m (©) 25m (D) 40m (E) 50m Unauthorised copy ary part ofthis page leg 3. All of the following are units of power EXCEPT (A) watts (B) joules per second, (C) electron volts per second (D) newton meters per second (B) kilogram meters per second 4. A dart gun is used to fire two rubber darts with different but unknown masses, My and M, ‘The gun exerts the same constant force on each dart, but its magnitude F is unknown. The ‘magnitudes of the accelerations of both darts, a, ‘and dp, respectively, are measured. Which of the following can be determined from these data? (A) F only (B) M, and M, only (C) The ratio of M, and M, only (D) F and the ratio of Mf, and Mz only © F M,,and M, GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 115Physics C: Mechanics 5. An object is thrown vertically upward in a region 6. If air resistance is negligible, the speed of a 2 kg where g is constant and air resistance is sphere that falls from rest through a vertical negligible, Its speed is recorded from the moment displacement of 0.2 m is most nearly it leaves the thrower's hand until it reaches its aren ‘maximum height. Which of the following graphs Giea best represents the object’s speed v versus : (© 3mis time (D) 4 ms (Ay? &) Sms 7. Apperson holds a portable fire extinguisher that ejects 1.0 kg of water per second horizontally at ‘a speed of 6.0 m/s, What horizontal force in rewtons must the person exert on the extinguisher in order to prevent it from accelerating? (A) ON ®) y (B) 6N © 10N () 18N (E) 36N 8. A disk is free to rotate about an axis perpendicular o——" to the disk through its center. If the disk starts from rest and accelerates uniformly at the rate OF of 3 radians/s? for 4 s, its angular displacement during this time is (A) G6radians (B) 12 radians (C) 18 radians (D) 24 radians (E) 48 radians, Oo ? \ © © [Grautvorned copying or ease ol] 116 [any part of ths page fs Wega GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.Physics C: Mechanics Questions 9-10 A.2 kg mass connected to a spring oscillates on a horizontal, frictionless surface with simple harmonic motion of amplitude 0.4 m. The spring constant is 50.Nim 9. The period of this motion is (A) 0.0425 (B) 0.0825 (©) O4ns (D) O8ns (B) 1.26ns 10. The maximum velocity occurs where the (A) potential energy is a maximum (B) kinetic energy is a minimum (C) displacement from equilibrium is equal to the amplitude of 0.4 meter (D) displacement from equilibrium is half the amplitude (E) displacement from equilibrium is equal to zero [Unauthorized copying or wuss I] sry par of ts page be ege 1. A student is asked to determine the mass of Jupiter. Knowing which of the following about Jupiter and one of its moons will allow the determination to be made? I. The time it takes for Jupiter to orbit the Sun IL The time it takes for the moon to orbit Jupiter IIL, The average distance between the moon and Jupiter (A) Lonly (B) Monly (C) IM only (D) Land It (B) Wand ft GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 17Surface o— Top View 12. A disk sliding on a horizontal surface that has negligible friction collides with a rod that is free to move and rotate on the surface, as shown in the top view above. Which of the following quantities ‘must be the same for the disk-rod system before and after the collision? 1. Linear momentum II, Angular momentum IIL. Kinetic energy (A) Lonly (B) only (©) Land Il only (D) Mand Ht only (©) 1.U,and i 13. The velocity v of an elevator moving upward between adjacent floors is shown as a function of time 1 in the graph above. At which of the following times is the force exerted by the elevator floor on a passenger the least? (a) Is (B) 3s © 4s (D) 5s (©) 6s Unauthorized copying oe reuse al re any par of is page siege Physics C: Mechanics 8 14, An object of mass m moves with acceleration « down a frictionless incline that makes an angle with the horizontal, as shown above. If N is the normal force exerted by the plane on the block, which of the following is correct” (A) N = mg BN (C) a= mgsin® (D) a= gsind (E) a = mgcosé 15. A disc of mass m slides with negligible friction along a flat surface with a velocity v. The dise strikes a wall head-on and bounces back in the ‘opposite direction with a kinetic energy one- fourth of its initial Kinetic energy. What is the final velocity of the disc? (A) ¥/4 (B) v/2 (C) -v (D) -v/2 (B) -u/4 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.Physics C: Mechanics Questions 16-18 The following pairs of equations show how the 4 and y-coordinates of a particle vary with time +. In the equations, A, B, and @ are nonzero constants. ‘Choose the pair of equations that best answers each of the following questions. A choice may be used ‘once, more than once, oF not at all. (A) x= Acosat y= Asinat (B) x= Acosar y= 2Acosr (© x=Ar y=Br (D) x=ar ys Br (BE) x=ar 2 Br 16, Which pair of equations can describe the path of a article moving with zero acceleration? 17. Which pair of equations can describe the path of a particle moving with an acceleration that is Perpendicular to the velocity of the particle at 1 =0 and remains constant in magnitude and direction? 18, Which pair of equations can describe the path of a particle that moves with a constant speed and with a nonzero acceleration that is constant in magnitude? [Unauthorized copying oy ruse al any part of page fe egal, 20. . A skier slides at constant speed down a slope inclined at an angle $ to the horizontal, as shown above. If ar resistance is negligible, the coetficient of friction yz between the skis and the snow is equal to 1 ne L cos © sing (D) cose (©) tang (By ‘A 2000 kg car, initially at rest, is accelerated along a horizontal roadway at 3 mvs2. What is the average power required to bring the car to a final speed of 20 m/s? (A) 6x 10° W (B) 2x 108W © 3x10'W (0) 4x 10°W (©) 6x 10°W GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. ig120 21. A person is standing at one end of a uniform raft of length L that is floating motionless on water, as shown above. The center of mass of the person- raft system is a distance d from the center of the raft, The person then walks to the other end of the raft. If friction between the raft and the water is negligible, how far does the raft move relative to the water? L A > B) L a OF Da ©) Unauthorized copying ov route of any par ofthis page te iopal 22 Physics C: Mechanics ky mg ‘The object of mass m shown above is dropped from rest near Earth's surface and experiences a resistive force of magnitude kv, where v is the speed of the object and & is @ constant. Which of the following expressions can be used to find v asa function of time r ? (Assume that the direction of the gravitational force is positive.) t dv yy ery 8/8 | a @) Jone ~ kv) dv = jn a a a ® Fone = kv) dt = Jn dv 0 3 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.Physics C: Mechanics Questions 23-24 A solid cylinder of mass m and radius R has a string wound around it. A person holding the string, pulls it vertically upward, as shown above, such that the cylinder is suspended in midair for a brief time interval Ar and its center of mass does not move. ‘The tension in the string is , and the rotational inertia of the cylinder about its axis is 3 mk 23. The net force on the cylinder during the time imerval At is (a) T (B) mg (C) T-mgR (D) mg -T (B) zero 24. The linear acceleration of the person's hand uring the time interval At is T-me w— (B) 2g © (D) (E) zero nauthoriand coping uae a [ay part oft pope a oga 25. A figure skater goes into a spin with arms fully extended. Which of the following describes the changes in the rotational kinetic energy and angular momentum of the skater as the skater’s, arms are brought toward the body? Rotational Kinetic Energy Angular Momentum (A) Remains the same Increases (B) Remains the same (C) Increases (D) Decreases (B) Decreases Remains the same Remains the same Increases Remains the same 26. Objects | and 2 have the same momentum. Object | can have more kinetic energy than object 2 if, compared with object 2, it (A) has more mass (B) has the same mass (© is moving at the same speed (D) is moving slower (B) is moving faster 27. A kg object is propelled from rest at time ¢= 0 by anet force F that always acts in the same direction. The magnitude of F in newtons is given as a function of rin seconds by F = 0.51. ‘What is the speed of the object at r= 4 s? (A) 0.5 mvs (B) 0.8 m/s (C) 20 ms (D) 4.0 mvs (B) 8.0 m/s GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 124Physics C: Mechanics 122, 28. Two balls with masses m and 2m approach each other with equal speeds v on a horizontal frictionless table, as shown in the top view above. Which of the following shows possible velocities of the balls for atime soon after the balls collide? Cy) @) © » { ®) Unautherired copying & rouse ol any part of ths page fo ihegat, GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.Physics C: Mechanics 29. 31 A projectile is launched from level ground with an initial speed vp at an angle 6 with the horizontal If air resistance is negligible, how long will the projectile remain in the air? (A) 2u9/s (B) 2v,c0s0/g © w%cos0/g (D) vpsine/g (B) 2»)sind/g |. One end of a string is fixed. An object attached to the other end moves on a horizontal plane with uniform circular motion of radius R and frequency J. The tension in the string is F, If both the radius and frequency are doubled, the tension is 1 (A) gh @ + ©) 25, () 4, ©) 8F, ‘An object of unknown mass is initially at rest and, dropped from a height A. It reaches the ground with a velocity 1). The same object is then raised again to the same height /t but this time is thrown, downward with velocity »,. It now reaches the ground with a new velocity v3. How is v» related to v4? (A) vy = 04/2 (B) y= (©) v, = V2 y, (D) vy = 2H) (B) y= 4y, [Grauiharzed copying oc ours of any part of is page thoga. 32. Tabletop ‘Three identical disks are initially at rest on a frictionless, horizontal table with their edges touching to form a triangle, as shown in the top view above. An explosion occurs within the triangle, propelling the disks horizontally along the surface. Which of the following diagrams shows a possible position of the disks at a later time? (In these diagrams, the triangle is shown in its original position.) A (B) © (D) ©) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 123Physics C: Mechanics 33. The figure above represents satellites S, and S of equal mass orbiting Earth in circles of radii 2R, and 3R, , respectively, where R, is the radius of Earth. How do the kinetic energy and the angular momentum of S; compare with those of S>? Kinetic Energy Angular Momentum (A) Less for Sy Greater for S, (B) Greater for S, Greater for S, (© The same for both The same for both (D) Less for S; Less for S, ) Greater for Sy Less for S; Unauthorized copying or route of 104 any part of ths page fo togel GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.Physics C: Mechanics 34, A car is traveling along a straight, level road when it runs out of gas at time ¢ = 0, From this time on, the net force on the car is a resistive force of -kv, where v is velocity and & is a constant. Which of the following of graphs best represents the speed v and position x of the car as functions of time after ¢ = 0? (A) 2 (®) © x , NN aa Ov x () on GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 125126 35. A block of mass m is placed against the inner wall of a hollow cylinder of radius R that rotates about a vertical axis with a constant angular velocity « , as shown above. In order for friction to prevent the mass from sliding down the wall, the coefficient of static friction between the mass and the wall must satisfy which of the following inequalities? (A) 12 mg 8 oR oR eee © wee (8) v2 ) ws oR 2, R E) ws? ®us* STOP END OF MECHANICS SECTION | Unauthorized copying ot ary part of ts pape egal Physics C: MechanicsDiagnostic Guide for the 2009 AP Physics C: Mechanics Exam Kinematics (Average number correct = 4.8) Question # 1 [2 [5 | 16] 7] 138] 29] 9 Correct/Incorrect Percent of Students 3 iy 2 Answering Correctly | °°| | 77| 80 27| 29] s0| 35 Newton's Laws; Work, Energy, Power (Average number correct = 5.0) Question # 3 [4 [oe [3] 4] 19] 20] 22] 27] 34 Correct/incorrect I Percent of Students Answering Correctly 72| 70| 70| 29| 57) 55 36 ‘Momentum; Rotation; Oscillation and Gravitation (Average number correct = 8.3) ‘Question # 7 [8 [9 [iol [a2] 15] 21 [ 23] 24] 25] 26] 28 | 30] 32] 33 | 35 Correct/tncorect 1 Percent of Students Answering Correcth s4| 75| 52| 74 | 63| 40] 60| 42) 47| 10| s9| 78| 75| 18 | 32] 21 | 26 - to Number Correct | re Newton's Laws: Momentum; Rotation; | inematics | Work, Energy, Power | Oscillation and Gravitation | Number of | {Questions 8 a | u i | verge 48 50 | 83 | umper (60.0%) (50.0%) (48.8%) Correct | My Number j Correct | 7 139Chapter V: Answers to the 2009 AP Physics C: Mechanics Exam 1 Section I: Multiple Choice Section I Answer Key and Percent Answering Correctly = Analyzing Your Students! Performance on the Multiple-Choice Section = Diagnostic Guide for the 2009 AP Physics C: Mechanics Exam Wt Section Il: Free Response Comments from the Chief Reader = Scoring Guidelines, Sample Student Responses, and Commentary Section I Answer Key and Percent Answering Correctly Section I: Multiple Choice Listed below are the correct answers to the multiple-choice questions, the percent of AP students who answered each question correctly by AP score, and the total percent answering correctly. ‘tom | corroce | Percent Gorrect by Score | Total | | reom | correct | Percent Correct by Score | Tota No. | Answer [5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | correct | | No | Amor| 5 | a4 | a | 2 | 1 | Correct 1 c_ [ele lw[s|ea| 1 z [es | 6 || || s =z [|e || e| | 2 ao | 2 [es] «||| 2{ 3 ze [a{[~m|[e|a7|2| 7 2 = [s| 7 | 5 | 25 | 19 | 4 © [os | |e} | %| 7 el Gee Ee ee c [me f[ale[al 7 Es a [ala l[n|[s|s| 7 2a | ema s[ [accm |e | 7m a [a[ala|s| «| 54 {| co [7 ||| | 6 | 59 D> [es] |mi[a|al wis [o|e|wle|s| ec [a[aj#|2|el = als [| ss || || 4 10 = || || se] 2[ a | > [| |m|e|se| 7 1 e || |se| [a « Ey Ee 2 ec |e | | 3 [ 2 | ao [40 ao} © |%|wei{ul|ol[7| Fa = | 43 | 32 [26 [2 | 16 [2 3 c [ea] 8 | a5 | a | is [36 “|p || o|sei[a|« ls mls |s|s{z[v[6l 2 is |p [s ||| | 2] 6 coe) merce fsa| 201s | Ecoe| B00 aie [mera ia |e Ome | nook eval) 00 u| meow) avs) eaxeo em | Rrcatd |emmED ed [oo ae | 24%) 8201/2198 oa! (a7 Eales | ote| B20] e203 | ise mora) BBiz7 a | 8 [|u| [s|o|o| 2 ma] a [ela lsela|u| 2 137