This document contains solutions to calculus problems involving differentiation. It includes:
1) Differentiating polynomials, logarithmic, exponential, trigonometric and implicit functions.
2) Finding the first, second, third and fourth derivatives of functions like y = sin3x.
3) Using implicit differentiation to find derivatives of equations like x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0.
This document contains solutions to calculus problems involving differentiation. It includes:
1) Differentiating polynomials, logarithmic, exponential, trigonometric and implicit functions.
2) Finding the first, second, third and fourth derivatives of functions like y = sin3x.
3) Using implicit differentiation to find derivatives of equations like x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0.
This document contains solutions to calculus problems involving differentiation. It includes:
1) Differentiating polynomials, logarithmic, exponential, trigonometric and implicit functions.
2) Finding the first, second, third and fourth derivatives of functions like y = sin3x.
3) Using implicit differentiation to find derivatives of equations like x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0.
This document contains solutions to calculus problems involving differentiation. It includes:
1) Differentiating polynomials, logarithmic, exponential, trigonometric and implicit functions.
2) Finding the first, second, third and fourth derivatives of functions like y = sin3x.
3) Using implicit differentiation to find derivatives of equations like x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0.
Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12 Available online @ http://www.mathcity.org, Version: 1.0.0
Question # 1 (i) y = 2 x5 - 3 x 4 + 4 x3 + x - 2 Diff. w.r.t x dy d = 2 x5 - 3 x 4 + 4 x 3 + x - 2 dx dx y1 = 2 5 x 4 - 3 4 x3 + 4 3 x 2 + 1 - 0
( ) ( ) ( )
= 10 x 4 - 12 x3 + 12 x 2 + 1 Again diff. w.r.t x dy1 d = 10 x 4 - 12 x 3 + 12 x 2 + 1) ( dx dx y2 = 10 ( 4 x 3 ) - 12 ( 3 x 2 ) + 12 ( 2 x ) + 0 = 40 x 3 - 36 x 2 + 24 x
Ans.
Question # 1(ii) 3 2
y = ( 2 x + 5) Diff. w.r.t x 3 dy d = ( 2 x + 5)2 dx dx 3 3 -1 d y1 = ( 2 x + 5 ) 2 ( 2 x + 5) 2 dx 1 1 3 2 = ( 2 x + 5 ) ( 2 ) = 3( 2 x + 5 ) 2 2 Again diff. w.r.t x 1 1 1 dy1 d 2 = 3 ( 2 x + 5) y2 = 3 ( 2 x + 5 ) 2 (2) dx dx 2
y2 =
Question # 1(iii) 1 1 -1 y = ( x)2 + ( x) 2 y = x+ x Diff. w.r.t x dy d 12 1 1 -1 -1 -3 = x ) + ( x ) 2 y1 = ( x ) 2 - ( x ) 2 (
dx dx 2 2 Again diff. w.r.t x dy1 1 d - 12 -3 = x) - ( x) 2 (
1 1 3 1 -x + 3 3- x = - 3 + 5 = or y2 = 5 5 4 x 2 x 2 4 x 2 4x 2 Question # 2(i) y = x2e- x Diff. w.r.t x dy d 2 -x = xe dx dx
3 2x + 5
FSc-II / Ex- 2.7 - 2
d -x d e + e- x x 2 dx dx 2 -x -x = x e (-1) + e ( 2 x ) = e - x - x 2 + 2 x
y1 = x 2
Again diff. w.r.t x
dy1 d -x = e - x2 + 2 x dx dx d d -x y2 = e - x -x2 + 2x + -x2 + 2x e dx dx = e - x ( -2 x + 2 ) + - x 2 + 2 x e - x (-1) = e - x -2 x + 2 + x 2 - 2 x = e- x
) (
( ( x - 4x + 2)
Question # 2(ii) 2x + 3 y = ln
3x + 2 y = ln ( 2 x + 3) - ln ( 3x + 2 ) Diff. w.r.t x dy d d
= ln ( 2 x + 3) - ln ( 3 x + 2 ) dx dx dx 1 1 y1 = (2) ( 3) 2x + 3 3x + 2 -1 -1 = 2 ( 2 x + 3) - 3( 3x + 2 ) Again diff. w.r.t x dy1 d d -1 -1 = 2 ( 2 x + 3) - 3 ( 3x + 2 ) dx dx dx -2 -2 y2 = 2 - ( 2 x + 3) (2) - 3 - ( 3 x + 2 ) (3)
dx dx 1 + x By solving, you will get (differentiate here) -1 -1 -3 2 (1 + x ) 2 y1 = = 1 x ( ) 3 1 (1 - x ) 2 (1 + x ) 2 Again diff. w.r.t x dy1 d -1 -3 = - (1 - x ) 2 (1 + x ) 2
dx dx -1 d -3 -3 d -1 y2 = - (1 - x ) 2 (1 + x ) 2 - (1 + x ) 2 (1 - x ) 2 dx dx
Ans.
FSc-II / Ex- 2.7 - 3
-1 3 -5 -3 1 -3
= - (1 - x ) 2 - (1 + x ) 2 (1) - (1 + x ) 2 - (1 - x ) 2 (-1) 2
3 1 3(1 - x ) - (1 + x) = 1 5 3 3 = 3 5 2 (1 - x ) 2 (1 + x ) 2 2 (1 + x ) 2 (1 - x ) 2 2 (1 - x ) 2 (1 + x ) 2 3 - 3x - 1 - x 2 - 4x 1 - 2x = = = 3 5 3 5 3 5 2 (1 - x ) 2 (1 + x ) 2 2 (1 - x ) 2 (1 + x ) 2 (1 - x ) 2 (1 + x ) 2
Question # 3(i) x2 + y2 = a2 Diff. w.r.t x d 2 d 2 x + y2 = a dx dx
2 y y1 = - 2 x
2x + 2 y y1 = -
dy = 0 dx
x y
Again diff. w.r.t x
dy1 d = - dx dx
x y
dy dx y x
y2 = - dx 2 dx y
x y x (1)
- y
y2 = - 2
y 2 + x2 x2 y +
y y = - = - 2 2 y y
a2 OR y2 = - 3 y
dy x =dx y
x2 + y2 = - Ans. 3 y
Q x2 + y 2 = a 2
Question # 3(ii) x3 - y 3 = a3 Diff. w.r.t x d 3 d 3 x - y3 = a dx dx dy 3x2 - 3 y 2 = 0 - 3 y 2 y1 = - 3x 2 dx Again diff. w.r.t x dy1 d x2
=
dx dx y 2 d d y 2 ( x 2 ) - x2 ( y 2 ) dx dx y2 = 2 2 y
x2 y1 = 2 y
( )
2 2 2 x dy 2 xy 2 x y y (2 x) - x 2 y y2 dx
= = 4 4 y y 2
dy x2 = 2 dx y
Ans.
FSc-II / Ex- 2.7 - 4
2 xy 2 = OR
y2 = y2
2 x4 y
( )
2 xy 3 - 2 x 4 y = y4
- 2x a 3
- 2x x3 - y 3 y
Q x3 - y 3 = a 3
y 2a 3 x = - 5 y
Question # 3(iii) x = a cosq , y = a sin q Diff. x w.r.t q Diff dx d = a cosq dq dq = - a sin q dq 1
= dx a sin q Now by chain rule dy dy dq =
dx dq dx -1 = a cosq
a sin q Now diff. y1 w.r.t q dy1 d = - cot q dx dx dq y2 = + cosec 2 q dx 1
= cosec 2 q . a sin q -1 y2 = a sin 3 q
y w.r.t q dy d = a sin q dq dq = a cosq
y1 = - cot q
Question # 3(iv) x = at 2 , y = bt 4 Diff. x w.r.t t Diff. y w.r.t t dx d 2 = a t dy d = b (t 4 ) dt dt dt dt = 2at 3 = 4bt dt 1
= dx 2at Now by chain rule dy dy dt =
dx dt dx 1 2b 2 = 4bt 3 y1 = t 2at a Now diff. y1 w.r.t x dy1 2b d 2 = t dx a dt 2b 4bt y2 = ( 2t ) y2 = a a
( )
Ans.
FSc-II / Ex- 2.7 - 5
Question # 3(v) x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 d 2 d
x + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = (0) dx dx dy dy dy 2 x + 2 y + 2 g (1) + 2 f + 0 = 0 (2 y + 2 f ) + (2x + 2g ) = 0 dx dx dx dy dy (2x + 2g ) (2 y + 2 f ) = - ( 2x + 2 g )
= dx dx (2 y + 2 f ) x+g y1 = y+ f Again diff. w.r.t x dy1 d x+g = - dx dx y + f
d d
y + f x + g x + g ( ) ( ) ( ) ( y + f )
dx dx = -
2 y + f ( )
y2
x+g dy + + y f x g ( ) ( ) - y + f ( y + f )(1) - ( x + g )
dx = = 2 2 (y+ f ) (y + f )
(y + f )
+ (x + g) y+ f 2 (y + f )
= OR
y2 = =
y2 =
( y + f ) + (x + g) 3 (y+ f ) 2
Ans.
y 2 + 2 yf + f 2 + x 2 + 2 xg + g 2
(x -
= -
(y+ f ) 2
+ y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c - c + f 2 + g 2
(y+ f )
0 - c + f 2 + g2
(y + f )
c - f 2 - g2
(y+ f )
Q x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0
Ans.
Question # 4(i) y = sin 3 x Diff. w.r.t x dy d = ( sin 3x ) y1 = cos3x (3) y1 = 3cos3x dx dx Again diff. w.r.t x dy1 d = 3 cos3 x y2 = 3( - sin 3x (3) ) y2 = - 9sin 3 x dx dx Again diff. w.r.t x dy2 d = - 9 sin 3 x y3 = - 9 cos3 x (3) y3 = - 27 cos3 x dx dx Again diff. w.r.t x dy3 d = - 27 cos3 x y4 = - 27 ( - sin 3x (3) ) y4 = 81sin 3 x dx dx
FSc-II / Ex- 2.7 - 6
Question # 4(ii) y = cos3 x Diff w.r.t x dy d = cos3 x dx dx d y1 = 3 cos 2 x cos x y1 = 3 cos 2 x ( - sin x ) dx 2 y1 = 3 1 - sin x ( - sin x ) y1 = - 3sin x + 3sin 3 x
( (
Again diff. w.r.t x
dy1 d d = - 3 sin x + 3 sin 3 x dx dx dx d y2 = - 3cos x + 9sin 2 x sin x dx y2 = - 3cos x + 9 1 - cos 2 x cos x
= - 3cos x + 9cos x - 9cos3 x = 6cos x - 9cos3 x
Again diff. w.r.t x dy2 d d = 6 cos x - 9 cos3 x dx dx dx d Q (cos3 x) = -3sin x + 3sin 3 x y3 = 6 ( - sin x ) - 9 ( -3sin x + 3sin 3 x ) dx 3 = - 6sin x + 27sin x - 27sin x = 21sin x - 27sin 3 x Again diff. w.r.t x dy3 d d = 21 sin x - 27 sin 3 x dx dx dx d y4 = 21( cos x ) - 27 ( 3sin 2 x ) sin x dx 2 = 21cos x - 81sin x ( cos x ) = 21cos x - 81(1 - cos 2 x ) ( cos x ) = 21cos x - 81cos x + 81cos3 x = - 60cos x + 54cos3 x Alternative: y = cos3 x Since cos3x = 4cos3 x - 3cos x
cos3x - 3cos x = 4cos3 x
cos3 x =
Therefore 1 ( cos3x - 3cos x ) 4 Now diff. w.r.t x dy 1 d d
= cos3 x - 3 cos x dx 4 dx dx
Do yourself y =
Question # 4(iv) y = ln x 2 - 9
= ln ( x + 3 )( x - 3) = ln ( x + 3) + ln ( x - 3) Diff. w.r.t x dy d d = ln( x + 3) + ln( x - 3) dx dx dx
1 ( cos3x - 3cos x ) 4
FSc-II / Ex- 2.7 - 7
1 1 + x +3 x -3 -1 -1 = ( x + 3) + ( x - 3) Again diff w.r.t x dy1 d d -1 -1 = ( x + 3) + ( x - 3) dx dx dx -2 -2 y2 = - ( x + 3) - ( x - 3) Again diff. w.r.t x dy2 d d -2 -2 = - ( x + 3) - ( x - 3) dx dx dx Again diff. w.r.t x dy3 d d -3 -3 = 2 ( x + 3) + 2 ( x - 3) dx dx dx y1 =
y 4 = 2 -3 ( x + 3 ) =
-6
( x + 3)
-3
) + 2 ( -3 ( x - 3 ) ) -4
1 1 Ans. = - 6 + 4 4 ( x + 3) ( x + 3)
-6
-4
y3 = 2 ( x + 3 ) + 2 ( x - 3 )
( x + 3)
Question # 5 x = sin q (i) , y = sin mq ..(ii) -1 From (i) q = sin x , putting in (ii )
y = sin m sin -1 x
Diff. w.r.t x dy d = sin m sin -1 x dx dx d y1 = cos m sin -1 x m sin -1 x dx 1 = cos m sin -1 x m 1 - x2
y1 1 - x 2 = m cos m sin -1 x
Taking square on both sides.
y12 1 - x 2 = m 2 cos 2 m sin -1 x y12 y12
( ) ( ) (1 - x ) = m (1 - sin (m sin x) ) (1 - x ) = m (1 - y ) From (ii) 2
-1
Q cos 2 x = 1 - sin 2 x
Now again diff. w.r.t x
d 2 d y1 1 - x 2 = m 2 1 - y2 dx dx d d 2 dy
y12 1 - x2 + 1 - x 2 y1 = m 2 0 - 2 y dx dx dx
dy dy y12 ( -2 x ) + 1 - x 2 2 y1 1 = - 2m 2 y dx dx 2 2 2 - 2 xy1 + 1 - x 2 y1 y2 = - 2m y y1
) (
) )
2 y1 - xy1 + 1 - x 2 y2
= 2 y1 -m2 y
- xy1 + 1 - x 2 y2 = - m 2 y
1 - x 2 y2 - xy1 + m 2 y = 0
Proved
-3
FSc-II / Ex- 2.7 - 8
Question # 6 y = e x sin x Diff. w.r.t x dy d x = e sin x dx dx d d = e x sin x + sin x e x dx dx x x = e cos x + sin x e = e x ( cos x + sin x ) Again diff. w.r.t x d dy d x e ( cos x + sin x ) = dx dx dx d2y d d
= e x ( cos x + sin x ) + ( cos x + sin x ) e x
2 dx dx dx x x = e ( - sin x + cos x ) + ( cos x + sin x ) e = e x ( - sin x + cos x + cos x + sin x )
= e x ( 2cos x ) = 2e x cos x
Now d2y dy L.H.S = - 2 + 2y 2 dx dx x = 2e cos x - 2e x ( cos x + sin x ) + 2e x sin x
= 2e x ( cos x - cos x - sin x + sin x )
= 0 d2y dy i.e. - 2 + 2y = 0 Proved 2 dx dx
Question # 7 y = e ax sin bx Diff. w.r.t x dy d ax = e sin bx dx dx d d = e ax sin bx + sin bx eax = e ax cos bx(b) + sin bxe ax (a) dx dx ax = e ( b cos bx + a sin bx ) Again diff. w.r.t x d dy d ax e ( b cos bx + a sin bx ) = dx dx dx d2y d d
= eax ( b cos bx + a sin bx ) + ( b cos bx + a sin bx ) eax 2 dx dx dx ax = e ( - b sin bx (b) + a cos bx (b) ) + ( b cos bx + a sin bx ) e ax (a)
( ) = e ( 2 ab cos bx + a sin bx - b sin bx ) = e ( 2 ab cos bx + 2a sin bx - a sin bx - b sin bx ) = e 2a ( b cos bx + a sin bx ) - ( a + b ) sin bx = 2ae ( b cos bx + 2a sin bx ) - ( a + b ) e sin bx d y dy d y dy = 2a - ( a + b ) y - 2a + ( a + b ) y dx dx dx dx = e ax - b 2 sin bx + ab cos bx + ab cos bx + a 2 sin bx ax
ax
ax
ax
ax
= 0
Proved
FSc-II / Ex- 2.7 - 9
Question # 8
y = Cos -1 x
Diff. w.r.t x dy d = Cos -1 x dx dx
y1 = 2 Cos -1 x
y1 = 2 Cos -1 x -1
1- x
) dxd Cos
-1
y1 1 - x 2 = - 2 Cos -1 x
On squaring both sides
( ) = 4 (Cos x ) (1 - x ) = 4 y -1
y12 1 - x 2 y12
Q y = Cos -1 x
Again diff. w.r.t x
d 2 dy y1 1 - x 2 = 4 dx dx d 2 d 1 - x2 y1 + y12 1 - x 2 = 4 y1 dx dx dy 1 - x 2 2 y1 1 + y12 ( -2 x ) = 4 y1 2 y1 1 - x 2 y2 - xy1 = 4 y1 dx 2 1 - x y2 - xy1 - 2 y1 = 0
( (
) )
Question # 9 y = a cos ( ln x ) + b sin ( ln x ) Diff. w.r.t x dy d d = a cos ( ln x ) + b sin ( ln x ) dx dx dx d d = a - sin ( ln x ) (ln x) + b cos ( ln x ) (ln x) dx dx 1 1 = - a sin ( ln x ) + b cos ( ln x ) x x dy x = - a sin ( ln x ) + b cos ( ln x ) dx Again diff. w.r.t x d dy d d x = a sin ln x + b cos ( ln x ) ( ) dx dx dx dx d dy dy dx d d x + = - a cos ( ln x ) ( ln x ) + b ( - sin ( ln x ) ) ( ln x ) dx dx dx dx dx dx 2 d y dy 1 1 x 2 + (1) = - a cos ( ln x ) - b sin ( ln x ) dx dx x x 2 2 d y dy 1 dy 2 d y x 2 + = - ( a cos ( ln x ) + b sin ( ln x ) ) x + x = -y dx dx x dx 2 dx 2 dy 2 d y x + x + y = 0 Proved 2 dx dx Made by: Atiq ur Rehman ([email protected]), http://www.mathcity.org ' ------ The End ------ ' September 07, 2005 NOTE
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