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Exercise 2.3 (Solutions) : y X X X

The document contains solutions to 14 calculus problems involving differentiation. It finds derivatives of functions by applying differentiation rules. Some key steps include: 1) Differentiating terms individually and applying power rule and constant rule; 2) Using product rule and quotient rule to differentiate products and quotients; 3) Simplifying resulting expressions.

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Fakhar Abbas
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79 views6 pages

Exercise 2.3 (Solutions) : y X X X

The document contains solutions to 14 calculus problems involving differentiation. It finds derivatives of functions by applying differentiation rules. Some key steps include: 1) Differentiating terms individually and applying power rule and constant rule; 2) Using product rule and quotient rule to differentiate products and quotients; 3) Simplifying resulting expressions.

Uploaded by

Fakhar Abbas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Exercise 2.

3 (Solutions)

MathCity.org

Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12

Merging man and maths

Available online @ http://www.MathCity.org, Version: 1.1.0

Question # 1
Let y = x 4 + 2 x3 + x2
Differentiating w.r.t. x
dy
d 4
=
x + 2 x3 + x 2
dx
dx
d 4
d
d
=
x + 2 x3 + x 2
dx
dx
dx
3
2
= 4x + 6x + 2 x

= 4 x 41 + 2 3 x31 + 2 x 2 1

Question # 2

3
2

Let y = x + 2 x + 3
Diff. w.r.t x
3
dy d 3
= x + 2 x 2 + 3
dx dx

d 3
d 3 d
=
x + 2 x 2 + ( 3)
dx
dx
dx
5

dy

= 3 x 4 3 x 2 or
dx

3 3 1
= 3 x 31 + 2 x 2 + 0
2

1
dy
1
= 3 4 + 5 2
dx
x
x

Question # 3
a+x
Let y =
ax
Now

dy d a + x
=

dx dx a x

d
dx

d
dx

(a x ) ( a + x) (a + x) (a x )

(a x)
( a x )( 0 + 1) ( a + x )( 0 1) = ( a x )(1) ( a + x )( 1)
=
2
2
(a x)
( a x)
=

ax+a+x

(a x)

2a

(a x)

Answer

Question # 4
2x 3
Let
y=
2x + 1
dy d 2 x 3
Now
=

dx dx 2 x + 1
d
d
( 2 x + 1) ( 2 x 3) ( 2 x 3) ( 2 x + 1)
dx
dx
=
2
( 2 x + 1)

( 2 x + 1)( 2 0 ) ( 2 x 3)( 2 + 0 )
2
( 2 x + 1)
2 ( 2 x + 1 2 x + 3)
2 ( 4)
=
=
2
2
( 2 x + 1)
( 2 x + 1)
=

=
=

( 2 x + 1)( 2 ) ( 2 x 3)( 2 )
2
( 2 x + 1)
8

( 2 x + 1)

Answer

FSc-II / Ex- 2.3 - 2

Question # 5
Let y = ( x 5)( 3 x )
= 3 x x 2 15 + 5 x

= x 2 + 8 x 15

Now

dy dy
=
x 2 + 8 x 15
dx dx
dy
d
d
=
x 2 + 8 ( x) (15 ) = 2 x 21 + 8 (1) 0 = 2 x + 8 Answer
dx
dx
dx

Question # 6
1

Let y = x

( )

( )

1
1
1
1
= x +
2 x
= x+ x 2 = x+ x 2
x
x
Now diff. w.r.t x
dy
d
d
d
d
=
x + x 1 2 = ( x ) + ( x 1 ) (2)
dx
dx
dx
dx
dx
= 1 + (1 x 11 ) 0 = 1 x 2
1
x2 1
= 1 2 =
Answer
x
x2
2

Question # 7

(1 + x ) ( x x )
3/ 2

Consider

y =

(1 + x )
( )
x

x 1 x 2
3
1+ 1

= x 1 + x 1 x
Since x 2 = x 2
x
x
2
1 x
1
1
3

= x (1 x ) = x 2 (1 x ) = x 2 x 2
x

)(

( )

Now
1
3

dy
d 2
=
x x2
dx
dx

1
3
1
1
1 2 1 3 2 1
1 2 3 2
= x x
= x x
2
2
2
2

1 1

3 x

2 x

Question # 8
Let

y =

(x

+1

x2 1
Differentiating w.r.t. x
2
2

dy
d x +1
=
dx
dx x 2 1

2
2 d
d 2
x2 1
x + 1 x2 + 1
x2 1
dx
dx
=
2
2
x 1

) (

) (

Answer

FSc-II / Ex- 2.3 - 3

dy
=
dx
=

) (

x2 1 2 x2 + 1

(x

) (

2 1

) (

) ( 2x )

1 2 x2 + 1 ( 2x ) x2 + 1

(x

2
d 2
x + 1 x 2 + 1 ( 2x )
dx
2
x2 1
2

) ( ) ( )
( )
2 x ( x + 1)( x 3)
Answer
( x 1)

)
(

2 x x 2 + 1 2 x 2 1 x 2 + 1
2 x x 2 + 1 2 x 2 2 x 2 1
=
=
2
2
2
x 1
x2 1
2

Question # 9
x2 + 1
Let y = 2
x 3
Differentiating w.r.t. x
dy
d x +1
=

=
dx
dx x 2 3
2

=
=

(x

(x

) (2x) ( x
( x 3)

(x

) dxd ( x

+ 1 ( 2x )

2 x ( 4)

(x

8x
2

) (

) dxd ( x

+ 1 x2 + 1

(x

2 x x2 3 x2 1

(x

Answer

Question # 10
12

Let y =

1+ x
1+ x
=

1 x
1 x
12

dy
d 1+ x
Now
=

dx
dx 1 x

1 1

1 1 + x 2 d 1+ x
=

2 1 x dx 1 x
d
d

1
1 x ) (1 + x ) ( 1+ x ) ( 1 x )
1 1+ x 2 (
dx
dx
=


2
2 1 x
(1 x )

1
1 1 x 2 (1 x )(1) ( 1+ x )( 1)
=

2 1 + x
(1 x )

1
1
1 x) 2 2
1 (1 x ) 2 1 x + 1+ x
(
=

=
1
2
2 (1 + x ) 12 (1 x )2
2 (1 + x ) 2 (1 x )
1
1
=
=
Answer
1
1
3
2
2
2
2
1 + x (1 x )
(1 + x ) (1 x )

FSc-II / Ex- 2.3 - 4

Question # 11
2x 1
Let y =
x2 + 1
Differentiating w.r.t. x

(x

dy
d 2x 1
=
=
dx
dx x 2 + 1 1/2

(x

2 x2 + 1

1/2

(
( 2 x 1)

(x
(

(( x + 1) )

(
)

1/ 2

1/ 2 2

(2 x )
=

+1

1 2 x2 + 2 2 x2 + x
=
1/ 2
2

x2 + 1
x +1

1/2 d
1 2
x +1
( x 2 + 1)
dx
2
2
x +1

2 x +1

1/2
d
d
( 2 x 1) ( 2 x 1) x 2 + 1
dx
dx

1/2

( 2) ( 2 x 1)

1/2

+1

+1

(x

1/2
1
2x2 x
2
2 x +1
1/ 2
x2 + 1
x2 + 1

x+2
2

+1

x +1
2

or

(x

x+2
2

+1

3/2

Answer

Question # 12
Do yourself as Question # 10
Question # 13
1

x2 + 1 2
= 2

x2 1
x 1
Now do yourself as Question # 11

x2 + 1

Let y =

Question # 14
1+ x
1+ x +
1+ x
1+ x +

Assume y =
=
=

1 x
1 x
1 x 1+ x 1 x

1 x 1+ x 1 x

1 + x 1 x
1+ x

) (
2

1 x

1+ x

1 + x + 1 x 2 (1 + x )( 1 x )

2 1 1
=
2x
Now differentiation w.r.t x
1

2 2
dy
d 1 1 x
=
dx
dx
x

2x

= 1 1 x
x

1
x2 2

Rationalizing

) (
2

1 x

1 + x 1+ x

2 2 1 x2
=
2x
1
2

1+ x

)(

1 x

FSc-II / Ex- 2.3 - 5

x
=
=

1
x2

1
x2

d
1 1 x2

dx

1

2 2 d
1
1

x

dx x

2
x
1 1 d

1

x 0 1 x2 2
1 x 2 1 1 x 2
dx
2


1
1
1

2 2
2 2
x 1 x
( 2 x ) 1 + 1 x

1
2

) 2 (1)
1

1
2

2 2
1
x

x
+ 1 x2
1
= 2
1

x
2 2
1 x

1
2

1 x2
2
= 2
1 1 + 1 x

x
2 2
1 x
1

2 2
1 1 1 x
= 1
= 2
1
2
x
2 2
x
1

1 x2
1 x

Answer

Question # 15
x a+x
a+ x
Let y =
= x

ax
ax
Diff. w.r.t. x
dy
d a+x
=
x

dx
dx a x
d
= x
dx
d
Now
dx

a+x

ax

a+x

ax

a+x
+

ax

1a+ x
=

2a x
=

=
=
=

1 1
2

1
2

d
x .. (i)
dx

a+ x

ax
d
d

1
a

x
a
+
x

a
+
x
a

x
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
2

1 a + x
dx
dx


2
2 a x
(a x)

1
1 a x 2 ( a x ) (1) ( a + x )( 1)

2 a + x
a

x
(
)

1
2a
1
1
1 (a x)2 a x + a + x
=

2 ( a + x ) 12 ( a x ) 2
2 ( a + x ) 12 ( a x ) 21 ( a x )2
a
a
=
1
1
3
1
2
(a + x )2 ( a x) 2
(a + x) 2 (a x) 2
d
dx

Using in eq. (i)


1

dy
a
a+x 2
= x
+

(1)
3
1
dx
a

x
2
2

(a + x) (a x)
1

=
=

ax
3
2

(a + x) (a x)
ax + ( a + x )( a x )
3
1
(a + x) 2 (a x) 2
1
2

(a + x) 2
1
(a x) 2
=

ax + a 2 x 2
a + x (a x)

3
2

Answer

FSc-II / Ex- 2.3 - 6

Question # 16
Since

y =

1
x

x
1
2

1
2

= x x
Diff. w.r.t. x
1
dy
d 12
2
=
x

dx
dx

1 1 1 3
= x 2+ x 2
2
2
Multiplying by 2x
1
1
dy
2x
= x2 +x 2
dx
Adding y on both sides
1
1
dy
2x + y = x 2 + x 2 + y
dx
1
1
1
1
1
1
dy
2x + y = x 2 + x 2 + x 2 x 2
Q y=x2 x 2
dx
1
dy
dy
2x + y = 2x 2
2x + y = 2 x
Proved
dx
dx
Question # 17
Since y = x 4 + 2 x2 + 2
dy
d 4
=
x + 2x2 + 2
Now
dx
dx
dy

= 4 x 41 + 2 2 x 21 + 0
dx
= 4 x3 + 4 x
dy

= 4 x x 2 + 1 (i)
dx
Now
y = x 4 + 2 x2 + 2

y 1 = x4 + 2 x 2 + 2 1

( x + 1)
( x + 1) i.e. ( x + 1)

= x 4 + 2 x2 + 1 =

y 1 =

Using it in eq. (i), we have


dy

= 4x y 1
dx

y 1

as required.
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Exercise 2.3
Calculus and Analytic Geometry Mathematic 12
Punjab T extbook Board, Lahore.

Made by: Atiq ur Rehman ([email protected])


Available online at http://www.MathCity.org in PDF Format (Picture format to view online).
Page Setup used Legal ( 8 1 2 14 )
First Printed: August 24, 2005, Updated: February 16, 2009.

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