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AC Lab Simulation

This document contains code for simulating various modulation and demodulation techniques used in communications. It includes amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, and their spectra. It also demonstrates diode detection, pre-emphasis and de-emphasis, and construction of a squelch circuit to quiet noise during signal absence. Plots of modulated signals and their spectra are generated to visualize the various modulation processes.

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KoteswaraRaoB
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
130 views

AC Lab Simulation

This document contains code for simulating various modulation and demodulation techniques used in communications. It includes amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, and their spectra. It also demonstrates diode detection, pre-emphasis and de-emphasis, and construction of a squelch circuit to quiet noise during signal absence. Plots of modulated signals and their spectra are generated to visualize the various modulation processes.

Uploaded by

KoteswaraRaoB
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Amplitude Modulation
t=0:0.0001:0.02
msg=10*cos(2*pi*100*t)
carr=20*cos(2*pi*1000*t)
amw=(20+msg).*cos(2*pi*1000*t)
subplot(2,1,1)
plot(t,msg)
title('Message signal')
subplot(2,1,2)
plot(t,carr)
title('Carrier signal')
figure;
subplot(3,1,1)
plot(t,amw)
title('Under Modulation')
msg=30*cos(2*pi*100*t)
amw=(20+msg).*cos(2*pi*1000*t)
subplot(3,1,2)
plot(t,amw)
title('over modulation')
msg=20*cos(2*pi*100*t)
amw=(20+msg).*cos(2*pi*1000*t)
subplot(3,1,3)
plot(t,amw)
title('100 % modulation')

OUTPUT WAVEFORMS

2.Demodulation of AM wave using Hilbert transform


t=0:0.0001:0.02
fc=1000
Ec=7
Carr=Ec*sin(2*pi*fc*t)
fm=100
Em=7
Mod=Em*sin(2*pi*fm*t)
Am=(Ec+Mod).*(sin(2*pi*fc*t))
disp('Performing Amplitude Demodulation using Hilbert transform');
Am_hil=hilbert(Am)
Am_abs=abs(Am_hil)
Am_Demod=Am_abs-mean(Am_abs)
disp('plotting the results');
figure;subplot(4,1,1);plot(t,Mod);
title('Message Waveform');
%xlabel('Time(sec)');ylabel('Amplitude');
subplot(4,1,2);plot(t,Carr);title('carrier waveform');
%xlabel('Time(Sec)');ylabel('Amplitude');
subplot(4,1,3);plot(t,Am);title('amplitude modulated wave form');
%xlabel('Time(sec)');ylabel('Amplitude');
subplot(4,1,4);
plot(t,Am_Demod);
title('Amplitude demodulated waveform');
%xlabel('Time(sec)');ylabel('Amplitude');

Output Waveforms

3.Demodulation using Diode detector


t=0:0.0001:0.02
msg=16*cos(2*pi*200*t)
carr=10*cos(2*pi*1000*t)
subplot(4,1,1)
plot(t,msg)
title('Message waveform')
subplot(4,1,2)
plot(t,carr)
title('Carrier waveform')
amw=(10+msg).*cos(2*pi*1000*t)
subplot(4,1,3)
plot(t,amw)
title('AM wave')
for tim=1:200;
if(amw(tim)<0)
amw(tim)=0;
end
end
[den,num]=butter(1,2*pi*0.025)
for i=1:20
amw=filter(den,num,amw);
end
subplot(4,1,4)
plot(t,amw)
title('Demodulated waveform')

Output Waveforms

4.DSBSC Modulation
t=0:0.0001:0.02;
fc=1000
Ec=3
Carr=Ec*sin(2*pi*fc*t)
fm=100
Em=7
Mod=Em*sin(2*pi*fm*t)
DSBSC=Mod.*Carr
subplot(3,1,1)
plot(t,Mod)
title('Message waveform')
subplot(3,1,2)
plot(t,Carr)
title('Carrier waveform')
subplot(3,1,3)
plot(t,DSBSC)
title('DSBSC modulated waveform')

Output Waveforms

5.DSBSC Demodulation
t=0:0.0001:0.02;
fc=1000
Ec=3
Carr=Ec*sin(2*pi*fc*t)
fm=100
Em=7
Mod=Em*sin(2*pi*fm*t)
DSBSC=Mod.*Carr
x=DSBSC.*sin(2*pi*fc*t)
R=1000;
C=1.59*power(10,-6);
h=(1/(R*C))*exp(-t/(R*C))
y=conv(x,h)
subplot(3,1,1)
plot(t,Mod)
title('Modulating Signal')
subplot(3,1,2)
plot(t,DSBSC)
title('Double Side Band Suppressed Carrier')
subplot(3,1,3)
plot(y)
axis([0 200 -1.5*power(10,5) 1.5*power(10,5)])
title('DSBSC after Demodulation')

Output Waveform

6.Generation DSBSC using Balanced Modulator


t=0:0.0001:0.02
fc=1000
Ec=3
fm=100
m=3
s1=Ec*(1+(m*cos(2*pi*fm*t))).*cos(2*pi*fc*t)
s2=Ec*(1-(m*cos(2*pi*fm*t))).*cos(2*pi*fc*t)
s=s1-s2
subplot(3,1,1)
plot(t,s1)
title('Amplitude Modulated Signal 1')
subplot(3,1,2)
plot(t,s2)
title('Amplitude Modulated Signal 2')
subplot(3,1,3)
plot(t,s)
title('DSBSC')

Output Waveforms

7.SSBSC Modulation
t=0:0.0001:0.04
msg=5*cos(2*pi*200*t)
carr=10*cos(2*pi*1000*t)
ht=imag(Hilbert(msg))
subplot(3,1,1)
plot(t,msg)
title('Message waveform')
subplot(3,1,2)
plot(t,carr)
title('Carrier Waveform')
ssb1=(msg.*(carr/10))+(ht.*sin(2*pi*1000*t))
subplot(3,1,3)
plot(t,ssb1)
title('SSBSC')

Output Waveforms

8.Demodulation of SSBSC
t=0:0.0001:0.04
msg=5*cos(2*pi*200*t)
carr=10*cos(2*pi*1000*t)
ht=imag(Hilbert(msg))
subplot(4,1,1)
plot(t,msg)
title('Message waveform')
subplot(4,1,2)
plot(t,carr)
title('Carrier Waveform')
ssb1=(msg.*(carr/10))+(ht.*sin(2*pi*1000*t))
subplot(4,1,3)
plot(t,ssb1)
title('SSBSC Modulated wave')
impres=(400*pi)*exp(-t*400*pi)
demd=conv((ssb1.*(carr/10)),impres)
k=0:0.0001:0.08
subplot(4,1,4)
plot(k,demd)
title('Demodulated waveform')

Output Waveforms

9.Frequency Spectrum of Amplitude Modulated Wave


t=0:0.0001:0.02
fc=1000
Ec=7
Carr=Ec*sin(2*pi*fc*t)
fm=100
Em=3
Mod=Em*sin(2*pi*fm*t)
Am=(Ec+Mod).*(sin(2*pi*fc*t))
FA=fft(Am,1024)
subplot(1,1,1)
plot(fftshift(abs(FA)))
axis([375 700 0 1000])
title('frequency Spectrum of AmplitudeModulated Wave')

Output Waveform

10.Frequency Spectrum of Amplitude Modulated Wave


t=0:0.0001:0.02
fc=1000
Ec=7
Carr=Ec*sin(2*pi*fc*t)
fm=100
Em=3
Mod=Em*sin(2*pi*fm*t)
DSBSC=Carr.*Mod
FA=fft(DSBSC,1024)
subplot(1,1,1)
plot(fftshift(abs(FA)))
axis([375 700 0 1000])
title('frequency Spectrum of DSBSC Wave')

Output Waveform

11.Frequency Spectrum of SSBSC


t=0:0.0001:0.04
msg=5*cos(2*pi*200*t)
carr=10*cos(2*pi*1000*t)
ht=imag(Hilbert(msg))
ssb1=(msg.*(carr/10))+(ht.*sin(2*pi*1000*t))
FT=fft(ssb1)
plot(abs(FT))
title(Frequency Spectrum of SSBSC wave)

Output Waveforms

12.Performing Pre-emphasis and De-emphasis


f1=10;
for f=1:50
x(f)=(1/sqrt(1+(f1/f)^2));
f2(f)=f;
end
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(f2,x);
title('Pre-emphasis waveform')
for f=1:50
y(f)=(1/sqrt(1+(f/f1)^2));
f3(f)=f;
end
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(f3,y);
title('De-emphasis waveform')

Output Waveforms

13.Frequency Modulation
Am=1; Ac=2
fc=500; fm=200; fs=400
kf=30
dt=1/fs
T=20e-3
t=0:T/fs:T
mod=Am*cos(2*pi*fm*t)
FM=Ac*cos(2*pi*fc*t+(2*pi*kf*(cumsum(mod)*dt)))
subplot(2,1,1)
plot(t,mod)
axis([0 0.02 -5 5])
title('Message Signal')
subplot(2,1,2)
plot(t,FM)
axis([0 0.02 -5 5])
title('FM Signal')

Output Waveforms

14.Demodulation of FM wave
Am=1;Ac=2;fc=500;fm=200;fs=400;kf=30
dt=1/fs
T=20e-3
t=0:T/fs:T
mod=Am*cos(2*pi*fm*t)
FM=Ac*cos(2*pi*fc*t+(2*pi*kf*(cumsum(mod)*dt)))
AM=diff(FM)
lengthC=400;
FM_Diode_out=AM
for time_indx=1:lengthC;
if(FM_Diode_out(time_indx)<0)
FM_Diode_out(time_indx)=0;
end
end
fs1=8000;
[den,num]=butter(1,2*pi*fm/fs1);
FM_Demod=filter(den,num,FM_Diode_out);
for n=1:100
FM_Demod=filter(den,num,FM_Demod)
end
subplot(3,1,1)
plot(t,mod);axis([0 0.01 -5 5])
title('Message Signal')
subplot(3,1,2)
plot(t,FM);axis([0 0.01 -5 5])
title('FM Signal')
subplot(3,1,3)
plot(FM_Demod);axis([200 400 0 0.4])
title('FM demodulated signal')

Output Waveforms

15.Frequency Spectrum of FM
Am=1
Ac=2
fc=500
fm=200
fs=400
kf=30
dt=1/fs
T=20e-3
t=0:T/fs:T
mod=Am*cos(2*pi*fm*t)
FM=Ac*cos(2*pi*fc*t+(2*pi*kf*(cumsum(mod)*dt)))
FFM=fft(FM)
plot(abs(FFM))
title('Frequency Spectrum')

Output Waveforms

16.Construction of SQUELCH circuit


t=0:0.0001:0.02
fc=1000;Ec=7
Carr=Ec*sin(2*pi*fc*t)
fm=100;Em=5
Mod=Em*sin(2*pi*fm*t)
Am=(Ec+Mod).*(sin(2*pi*fc*t))
for t1=1:200
Am1(t1)=Am(t1)
end
for t1=201:400
Am1(t1)=0
end
for t1=401:600
Am1(t1)=Am(t1-400)
end
disp(' Amplitude Demodulation using diode detector')
lengthC=600;
AM_Diode_out=Am1
for time_indx=1:lengthC;
if(AM_Diode_out(time_indx)<0)
AM_Diode_out(time_indx)=0;
end
end
fs=8000;
[den,num]=butter(1,2*pi*fm/fs);
AM_Demod=filter(den,num,AM_Diode_out);
for n=1:10
AM_Demod=filter(den,num,AM_Demod)
end
subplot(2,1,1);plot(Am1)
title('Transmitted Signal')
subplot(2,1,2);plot(AM_Demod)
title('Squelch Circuit i.e after Quieting')

Output Waveforms

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